Stepan Bandera is the unfaithful son of the Jewish people. Stefan Bandera

Dmitry Galkovsky

It so happened that the key figure political history Ukraine became Stepan Bandera. This is the most mentioned figure in modern Ukrainian history. In the split Ukrainian society, there are two versions of his biography.

For the East (as well as for the Russian Federation), Bandera is the head of Ukrainian nationalists, a terrorist and a murderer who supports the occupation regime in the fascist Reichskommissariat Ukraine, who took refuge in the West after the war, and tried to conduct American espionage and terrorist-sabotage activities on the territory of the USSR. For which he was eliminated in 1959.

For the Lviv West, Bandera is again the head of Ukrainian nationalists, a fiery fighter for independence - first with the Polish oppressors, then with the German invaders and finally with the Soviet (or, let's call a spade a spade, Russian) occupiers. For which these invaders vilely and killed.

In my opinion, both versions are far from the truth. Although both myths themselves have a right to exist, just as the peoples who gave birth to them have a similar right to exist.

Let's start with the fact that Bandera was never the head of an organization of Ukrainian nationalists. The head of the OUN (and before its establishment - UVO: Ukrainian Military Organization) was Yevgeny Konovalets, an ensign of the Austro-Hungarian army who went through the World War. After his assassination in 1938, the OUN was headed by Andrei Melnik, also an Austrian with experience in the First World War and then the Civil War. These people were almost 20 years older than Bandera; Bandera himself looked like a Komsomol activist against their background. He really was such an activist.

Andrey Melnik

The maximum position of Bandera in the OUN is the head of the Krakow organization, that is, entry not even into the second, but into the third echelon of management. And he did not stay long in this position.

There is no Bandera among the organs of independent Ukraine during the Nazi occupation.

On October 5, 1941, the Ukrainian National Council was established in Kyiv on the initiative of Melnyk and under the leadership of the Kiev professor Mykola Velichkovsky. There was no place for Bandera in this Ukrainian proto-government.

A similar body was created in the district of Galicia - the Ukrainian part of the Polish governor-general. It was headed by Vladimir Kubiyovych, Associate Professor at the University of Krakow. Bandera was not there either.

Bandera was not a party ideologist, like the Bolshevik Bukharin, or at least a "golden pen", like the Bolshevik and Bandera's countryman Karl Radek.

On the contrary, the cultural level of Bandera is quite low. He went to school only at the age of 10, then he tried to study as an agronomist, but something did not work out.

Polish pioneers, that is, scouts. Far right - Bandera.

Maybe this is some kind of fiery chegevara, who left behind a lot of revolutionary "deeds"? Also no. While studying at school, he really liked secretary Komsomol work - meetings, lightning, reading scout literature. As a student, he was arrested several times, mostly for smuggling nationalist literature.

On the right is Bandera with scout badges. A well-recognized type of school "excellent student". It is always said that in childhood, for authority, Stepan Andreevich strangled cats in front of enthusiastic classmates. Oh, the brave stranglers do not remember this. They are told by hard-nosed brats who have suffered slaps on the back of the head from school hooligans.

Then he was arrested on someone else's case and hanged a life sentence. In June 1934, the Ukrainian nationalist Hryhoriy Matseyko assassinates the Minister of the Interior of Poland, Bronisław Poretsky. The killer manages to escape abroad, and the enraged Polish government hangs the organization of the murder on the OUN activists who turned up. 12 people are appointed responsible, including the one arrested the day before the murder of Bandera (in another trifling case - smuggling of Ukrainian literature across the Czechoslovak border). Terpila eventually “confesses” to everything, and two more murders are immediately blamed on him - a professor and a student of Lviv University, which took place 1.5 years after his arrest. Terpila agrees with this accusation, and receives a life sentence.

That's the whole "terrorist activity" of Bandera until 1939 - he transported books, wrote articles in the regional press, organized terrible boycotts: do not buy Polish vodka and cigarettes in local shops. And he signed up for three murders that he did not commit, and COULD NOT commit.

Where did Bandera come from, and why did his name become so popular?

At the time of the Stalin-Hitler partition of Poland, Bandera was imprisoned in the Brest Fortress and, consequently, fell into the Soviet zone of occupation. It is believed that he left the prison during the shift change, a few days before the arrival of Soviet troops. That's quite possible. But then ... further it is stated that Bandera manages to hide for some time, move to the Soviet Lvov, hold meetings with party comrades, and then safely cross the German-Soviet border. Along which combat divisions are stationed along the entire front, and special groups of the NKVD are operating in the rear. Moreover, this is also possible for his brother, who was previously held in a Polish concentration camp in Beryoza-Kartuzskaya. Although it is believed that this camp did not have a shift change at all, and it was occupied Soviet troops.

It is easy to see that the miraculous liberation and crossing of the Bander brothers across the border is like two drops repeating the equally miraculous escape from the camp and crossing the border of the Solonevich brothers. True, then, while still in exile, his wife joined Solonevich. You will laugh, but in a few months the single Stepan Bandera will marry a girl who, in 1939, was also imprisoned in Lvov and also miraculously escaped. It should also be noted that both Solonevich and Bandera were imprisoned just for an unsuccessful border crossing. They couldn't cross the border from home. And from prison - it turned out. It turned out to be much easier.

On the blue eye

In April 1940, Bandera, for some reason, like Lenin in 1917, not in need of money, travels to Italy, where he meets with the head of the OUN, Melnik. Again, like Lenin, Bandera stuns the venerable head of the Ukrainian nationalists with the “April theses”: there is nothing to focus on Germany, it is necessary to create an armed underground in the territory occupied by the Wehrmacht and wait for the X-hour to raise an all-Ukrainian uprising. Let me remind you that this was said in a situation where there was no Ukrainian population at all in the occupation zone of Germany. Only individual emigrants in the amount of several thousand people. The situation was so delusional that Melnik ordered Yaroslav Baranovsky, head of the OUN counterintelligence, to take up the biography of the talented agronomist. To which Bandera said that Baranovsky was a proven Polish spy and he should be killed (and indeed, in 1943 he was killed by Bandera). Baranovsky (by the way, a doctor of law from the University of Prague) could well work for Polish intelligence. Why not? The question is how Bandera could know about this and where did he get the evidence of such an accusation.

In the official history of the OUN, it is generally accepted that the organization since that time, like the RSDLP, has split into the OUN (m) and OUN (b) (Menshevik-Melnikov and Bolshevik-Bandera). But this analogy is wrong. The OUN was before and remained after that under the leadership of Melnyk. And Bandera created a noisy and incomprehensibly financed organization that appropriated a different name for itself and included only people from one region of Ukraine.

Until June 22, 1941, Bandera led a split campaign against the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and, despite Melnik's warnings, sent underground groups to the territory of the Ukrainian SSR. Naturally, the groups were immediately identified and thrown into the prisons of the NKVD, but (oh, a miracle!) After June 22, some of Bandera's comrades-in-arms "fled" from Stalin's prisons and crossed the front line. A striking example is Dmitry Klyachkivsky. In September 1940, he was arrested by the NKVD as a German spy, but in July 1941 he "escaped" from Stalin's prison and then (attention!) headed the security service of the military organization OUN (b) - "Ukrainian Insurgent Army".

Now what happened after June 22nd. From the beginning of 1941, the Germans formed from Ukrainians who had experience of serving in Polish army, special battalion "Nachtigal". It was not a political, but a purely military (military sabotage) unit, designed to solve tactical tasks (mining behind enemy lines, destroying communications equipment, etc.). The staffing of "Nachtigal" by Bandera was carried out without permission, they simply signed up as Ukrainian volunteers. The Melnikovites had real support at the German top then, they formed several combat units on the Slovak border.

On June 29-30, Nachtigal ended up in Lvov, at the same time Bandera emissaries arrived there. They began to exterminate the Jews (deliberately senseless in order to completely discredit the Germans in front of the United States - for example, professors of mathematics from Lviv University) and proclaimed the creation of an independent Ukrainian republic, as well as the Ukrainian government and Ukrainian armed forces(to seize the initiative from the Germans and present them with a fait accompli). The Germans were stunned by such impudence, "Nachtigal" was taken out of Lvov (it's not at all clear how he got there) and soon disbanded. Already in early July, Bandera and his self-appointed government were arrested by the Germans. The Ukrainian state, as agreed with the venerable Melnyk, was proclaimed in Kyiv three months later.

The problem was that other settlements Bandera acted with the same agility and, in the wake of the anti-Stalinist enthusiasm of the population, they managed to form cells of activists. The Germans considered this and soon Bandera was released. But about positive work (in the understanding of the Germans), Bandera did not have a trace. Relying on armed groups of activists, he began the physical destruction of the Melnikovites.

Ukraine is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - on the back of Bandera.

On August 30, two members of the leadership of the Melnikov OUN were shot dead in Zhytomyr, then several dozen more people were killed in different cities, and in total, the Banderaites pronounced about 600 death sentences against the Melnikovites. Massive oppression of the Polish population also began. Already at this stage, the cause of creating an independent Ukraine under the auspices of Germany was hopelessly thwarted. Soon the Germans again imprisoned Bandera and sent him to a concentration camp, where his two brothers ended up (later killed by the camp administration from the Poles).

At the same time, it cannot be said that Bandera was guided by ... well, for example, Stalin, and Melnik - Hitler. In principle, Melnik had no disagreements with Bandera, it was about tactics and common sense. Melnyk wanted to strengthen himself with the help of the Germans, and if they lost, he would jump on the overhead and recreate an independent Ukrainian state. Therefore, in 1944, the Germans put him in prison.

Here I will allow myself a small digression.

As I already had the honor to explain in the Belarusian cycle, the history of partisan wars is the most deceitful area of ​​historiography (after church history). You can safely forget what you have been told for 70 years about Kovpak and Ponomarenko. Real church history and real story partisan movement (this is if it exists) with the so-called. the townsfolk should be absolute fiction.

It is believed that the partisan movement during the war years was carried out by a certain "Central partisan headquarters at the headquarters of the supreme command" under the leadership of the party bureaucrat and electrical engineer Ponomarenko. It was partly true, but the scheme did not work. Because in order to conduct a guerrilla war, you need to have the appropriate personnel and specialist leaders. They did not exist in the USSR, and you cannot master such a thing by trial and error. Too far to take trial and error, eh Feedback delayed by months or not at all.

Apparently, the current sector of sabotage and partisan work (and it, of course, was) was supervised by a group of foreign specialists, and the partisan movement itself unfolded against the backdrop of complex shapes cooperation with local oppositionists. So the backbone of Dmitry Medvedev's partisan group consisted of Spanish saboteurs trained by the British, dressed in the form of Melnikovites. In turn, the Melnikovites used the clothes of the Soviet army, etc.

Moreover, all this magnificence was covered by the German leadership of Ukraine.

I think everyone has heard about the fascist fanatic Gauleitor of Ukraine Koch, he was killed there by partisans or hanged in Nuremberg. So no.

Rosenberg in Kyiv. Far right - Erich Koch.

After the war, Erich Koch safely moved to the British zone of occupation and lived there until the summer of 1949. Although it seems that the chela had to search long and hard, and it was quite easy to do this - because of the pathologically short stature. Most likely, the British were well informed about his whereabouts, but after being advertised, they were forced to arrest him. However, they themselves did not judge him, but handed over the chief executioner of the USSR. What about the USSR? But nothing - he handed over the Gauleiter ... to Poland. It is very strange, but the NDP must have been pulled off to the fullest. No, at first his death sentence was suspended for 10 years, and then completely canceled. There was no pomp, at the trial Koch for some reason said that he loved the USSR, and did a lot of useful things. He lived in Poland until the age of 90, died in 1986, was actually kept under house arrest. This, I repeat, is one of the main fanatics even after the mass executions of the leaders of the Third Reich.

What, by the way, were the names of Soviet agitators of Ukrainian collaborators during the war? It turns out for the most part it doesn't. "Police". After the war, three names appeared: "Melnikovtsy", "Bandera" and "Bulbovtsy". Bulbovtsy - named "Taras Bulba", in the world - Taras Borovets, the head of the third group of Ukrainian nationalists, united in the "Ukrainian People's Revolutionary Army". (Borovets was eventually sent to a German camp as well, while the Bandera people seized his wife and killed him after monstrous torture.)

"Taras Bulba" in the form of a civilized officer.

"Taras Bulba" in the image of the commander of the Russian partisan detachment (pay attention to the plywood birches).

And this home view, "in slippers." As far as I understand, the “bulbovtsy” were the real field commanders of the occupied Ukraine.

Gradually, in the 60-70s, the “Melnikovites” and “Bulbovites” were forgotten, in the Soviet propaganda literature, the name Bandera was firmly established behind all the independentists. Meanwhile, Bandera himself from September 1941 to September 1944 was in a concentration camp and could not lead operations and generally take part in the course of affairs. (For comparison, Melnik was imprisoned from February to September 1944, Bulba - from December 1943 to September 1944). In the absence of Bandera, the OUN (b) was led by Nikolai Lebed, who, unlike Melnik or Bulba, was IN ILLEGAL STATION, and the Germans put a reward on his head. The main activity of the OUN (b), - rather insignificant - was the destruction of the people of Melnik and Bulba, as well as terror against the Polish population (Volyn massacre of 1943).

Emigrant affairs.

After the war, Bandera's emigre activity naturally again came down to the surrender of the MGB to agents abandoned by the Americans, in addition, the OUN (b) itself split into two parts. The breakaway part was headed by Lev Rebet, who was soon killed by the Staro-Banderites. The answer followed two years later. Despite the fact that Bandera was highly encrypted (even his children did not know that he was Bandera, and thought that their dad was an ordinary Bandera member named Poppel), the Rebetovites tracked him down and killed him.

As is customary in such cases among Ukrainians, two years later another independent nationalist appeared on the horizon - Stashinsky, and stated that he personally killed both Rebet and Bandera ... on the instructions of the KGB. Further with all stops up to mysterious disappearances, plastic surgery, polonium poisoning, etc. Recently, we all saw the Ukrainian performance on the example of Litvinenko-Lugovoy - also with the miraculous finding of lost parents, articles in the yellow press and Polish zilch at the end.

On vacation in Switzerland. The scout net is sorely lacking.

As for the OUN(m), led by Melnyk, it finally merged with, so to speak, the indigenous Ukrainian national movement- by the Petliura government in exile, like the Poles who lived to see the collapse of socialism and committed a symbolic act of transferring power to the legal government of Ukraine in the early 90s.

Shukhevych is a junior auxiliary officer German troops, then went underground and removed Lebed from the military leadership of the OUN (b). Now the nationalists are fastened to Bender, because he did not take part in any action at all.

Why, after all, did the “Banderites” become a symbol of Ukrainian nationalism, and not the respectable (and, in the end, more or less legitimate) “Melnykovites”, and not the brave “Bulbovites”? From point of view Soviet propaganda, as it is ridiculous, business in a significant surname. "Bandera" from "gang", "Bandera" = "bandits".

Lenin is, Lenin is not. Happiness.

Well, as a teenager, I discovered the brochure of the publishing house of foreign literature "Korean Proverbs and Sayings." She always lay on the shelf, and then I take it and open it. The first thing I saw was the saying: "Spoiled air is the loudest indignant of the one who spoiled it." The next day, the whole "sixth be" was laughing, the brochure was read to the holes. And the state is a teenager.

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Biography, life story of Bandera Stepan Andreevich

Bandera Stepan Andreevich - Ukrainian politician, ideologist of Ukrainian nationalism.

Family, early years childhood

Stepan was born on January 1, 1909 in the village of Stary Ugrinov (Ukraine). Father's name was Andrei Mikhailovich, he was a Greek Catholic clergyman. Mother's name - Miroslava Vladimirovna (maiden name - Glodzinskaya, daughter of a Greek Catholic priest from Stary Uringovo Vladimir Glodzinsky). In the family, in addition to Stepan, there were six more children - daughters Marta-Maria (1907-1982), Vladimir (1913-2001), Oksana (1917-2008) and sons Alexander (1911-1942), Vasily (1915-1942), Bogdan (1921-1943). In 1922, Andrei and Miroslava gave birth to another night, which was named after their mother, but the baby died in infancy.

The extended family did not have their own home. They lived in a service house, which was given to them for use by the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. Andrei Mikhailovich was a staunch Ukrainian nationalist. He brought up his numerous offspring in the same spirit, trying to instill in them his values ​​from early childhood.

Stepan grew up as a completely obedient child - he loved and respected his dear parents very much, blindly believed in God, and prayed daily. When the time came to send little Stepan to school, there was a war going on. Andrei Mikhailovich had to teach his own at home.

Already from the age of five, Stepan saw things that could cause psychological deviations in any even the most healthy person. Stepan watched the fighting more than once, saw pain, death, despair and hopelessness.

Education, upbringing

In 1919, Stepan left his relatives and moved to the city of Stry to live with his paternal grandparents. In the same year, Stepan entered the Ukrainian classical gymnasium, where he studied until 1927.

In the gymnasium, Stepan Bandera showed himself as a strong-willed person. Already knowing that he would face a difficult struggle for his ideals, for the ideals of his father, the young man often doused himself with icy water and stood in the cold for long hours. True, in the end this led to the fact that Stepan got rheumatism of the joints. This disease did not leave him until the end of his life.

CONTINUED BELOW

According to the notes of Belyaev Vadim Pavlovich, a Soviet journalist and publicist, Stepan, at a young age, could strangle a cat with one hand in front of shocked peers. Thus, according to historians, Bandera checked whether he could, without feeling any remorse, take the life of a living being.

At one time, together with other high school students, whose minds were entirely occupied with the promotion of nationalist ideas, he joined various thematic organizations. Thus, Stepan was a member of the Group of Ukrainian State Youth and a member of the Organization of Senior Grades of Ukrainian Gymnasiums. A little later, these two organizations merged into one - the Union of Ukrainian Nationalist Youth.

After high school

Having successfully passed the final exams, in 1927 Stepan Bandera decided to enter the Ukrainian Academy of Economics in Podebrady (Czechoslovakia). However, his dream was not destined to come true - the authorities refused to issue him a foreign passport and Stepan had to return to Stary Ugrinov. In his native city, Stepan began to actively engage in housework, devoted a sufficient amount of time to cultural and educational work, organized a local choir, created an amateur theater group and a sports society. Stepan Bandera somehow managed to combine all these activities with underground work along the lines of the Ukrainian military organization, in which the young man got her while studying in the senior classes of the gymnasium. In 1928, Bandera officially became a member of this organization, becoming first an employee of the intelligence department, and a little later - the propaganda department.

In the autumn of 1928, Stepan Bandera moved to Lvov to enter National University"Lviv Polytechnic". Stepan managed to become a student of the agronomy department. In that educational institution Bandera studied until 1934.

Political activity

In 1929, the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists was established on the territory of Ukraine. Stepan Andreyevich became one of the first members of this community in Western Ukraine. The leadership of the organization immediately entrusted Stepan with a very responsible task - to quietly distribute underground nationalist literature among the students of Lviv and the inhabitants of the Kalush district. Bandera brilliantly coped with his task. In 1920, he began to independently manage the department of underground publications, a little later he became the head of the technical and publishing department, in 1931 he began to control the delivery of underground publications from abroad, mainly from Poland. It was thanks to the efforts of Stepan that Ukrainians could read such publications as Awakening the Nation, Ukrainian Nationalist, Surma, and Yunak. The Polish police caught Bandera more than once for his illegal actions, for transporting literature, but every time he managed to get away with it.

In the period from 1928 to 1930, Stepan was a correspondent for the underground satirical monthly Pride of the Nation. Bandera wrote interesting and sharp articles, which he signed not with his own name, but with the sonorous pseudonym Matvey Gordon.

In 1932, Stepan Andreevich visited (of course, secretly) the city of Danzig (northern Poland), where he took a course at the German intelligence school. In 1933, Bandera became the regional conductor of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists in Western Ukraine.

In the period 1932-1933, local residents starved en masse on the territory of Ukraine. The organization of Ukrainian nationalists, headed by Stepan Bandera, whole line public actions in their support. In parallel, the OUN struggled with the influence Communist Party Western Ukraine, which tried to rebuild the minds of Western Ukrainian citizens.

On June 3, 1933, at a conference of the OUN, it was decided to commit an assassination attempt on the Soviet consul in Lvov. Bandera volunteered to lead the operation. However, everything did not go as smoothly as we would like: the fact is that when Nikolai Lemik, the perpetrator of the assassination attempt, arrived at the Soviet consulate, the consul himself was not there. Then Nikolai shot Andrey Mailov, secretary of the consulate and secret agent of the United State Political Administration under the Soviet people's commissars THE USSR. As a result, Lemik was sentenced to life in prison.

Stepan Andreyevich did a lot to promote the ideas of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. So, it was during his leadership that the organization increasingly began to use previously unpopular methods of influence - terrorism, mass actions, protests. Quite often, Bandera staged actions against everything Polish, from vodka and cigarettes to the Polish language.

Murders in Poland and prison

On June 15, 1943, on the orders of Stepan Andreyevich, Bronislaw Wilhelm Peratsky, Minister of the Interior of Poland, was killed. The killer himself, Grigory Matseyko, managed to escape. The day before Peratsky's death, Bandera was arrested while trying to cross the Polish-Czech border.

On November 18, 1935, the trial of Stepan Bandera and eleven other nationalists began in Warsaw. Three of them (including Stepan himself) were sentenced to death penalty by hanging, but during litigation an amnesty decree was adopted. As a result, they decided to put the nationalists behind bars for life.

While Bandera was on trial, his associates did not sit idly by. In the city of Lvov, Ivan Babiy, a professor of philology at Lvov University, and Yakov Bachinsky, his student, were shot dead. After the examination, it became clear that Ivan, Yakov and Bronislav were killed with the same revolver. With indisputable evidence in hand, the Polish authorities held another trial, at which Bandera admitted that all three were killed on his personal orders. As a result, the court sentenced Stepan Andreyevich to seven life sentences.

On July 2, 1936, Stepan was taken to the Mokotow prison in Warsaw, and the next day he was transferred from the Swiety-Krzyz prison. During his imprisonment, Bandera became interested in the works of the ideologist of Ukrainian nationalism Dmitry Ivanovich Dontsov. Admiring the thoughts of Dontsov, Bandera came to the conclusion that the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists lacked some kind of revolutionary spirit.

In 1937, it was decided to tighten the regime in Sventy-Krzyż. The administration forbade relatives to send parcels to prisoners. Indignant, Stepan and several of his associates staged a sixteen-day hunger strike. As a result, the administration had to give up and make concessions. In June of the same year, Bandera was transferred to solitary confinement. Until that moment, he served his sentence in the company of his associates in the OUN, who were subsequently distributed to different prisons in Poland.

In 1938, Stepan Andreyevich was sent to the Wronka prison (Poznan). The Polish authorities considered that Wronki was a much more reliable place to serve such a terrible criminal. Around the same time, Bandera's associates, who managed to remain at large, began to develop a plan for the release of their leader. This somehow became known to the authorities. In order to prevent a mistake, Stepan was transferred to another prison, much stricter than the previous ones. Bandera ended up in prison in the Brest Fortress. However, he did not stay there long. On September 13, 1929, when the entire prison administration left Brest due to the German attack on Poland, Stepan Andreyevich and other prisoners calmly left the Brest Fortress and were released.

Activities of Stepan Bandera during World War II

After leaving prison and uniting with several supporters of his beliefs, Stepan Andreevich went to Lvov. Along the way, he made contact with the current network of the Organization of National Ukrainians. Entering the heart of the matter, Bandera immediately ordered that all the forces of the organization be directed to the fight against the Bolsheviks.

Having reached Lvov, Bandera lived in complete secrecy for two whole weeks, but this did not prevent him from taking an active part in the affairs of the OUN.

In October 1939, Stepan Andreyevich left Lvov, fearing that he might be caught, and went to Krakow.

In November 1939, Stepan Bandera left for Slovakia for two weeks, where experienced doctors were supposed to help him restore his health (rheumatism, which had tormented him from early childhood, intensified over time). imprisonment). Even during the course of treatment, Bandera did not forget about his mission - he took an active part in meetings of the OUN, developed new strategies, and made proposals.

After Slovakia, Bandera went to Vienna to a major center of the OUN, and from there to Rome for a large congress of Ukrainian nationalists. At that very congress, for the first time, there was a split in the organization: like-minded people had to make a very serious decision and choose the leader of the organization. Two candidates were put forward - Stepan Bandera and Andrey Melnik. The congress delegates were divided, it was difficult to make a unanimous decision. Melnyk and Bandera had completely different plans for the future - Melnyk assured that it would help to give the Ukrainian people freedom Nazi Germany, and Bandera was sure that you need to rely only on yourself, on your own strength. The prudent Bandera, knowing that disagreements would arise at this congress, on February 10, 1940 (two months before the congress) organized the Revolutionary Wire of the OUN in Krakow, which included the comrades closest to Bandera and unanimously recognized him as the leader. When it became clear that Melnik and Bandera would not be able to agree, the OUN split into two camps - Bandera and Melnikov (OUN (b) and OUN (m), respectively). Bandera, of course, became the leader of his organization.

June 30, 1941 (a week after the start of the Great Patriotic War) the Germans occupied Lvov. At this time, Stepan Bandera was in Krakow. On his behalf, one of his faithful helpers and associates Yaroslav Stetsko. He publicly read in the Legislative Assembly a document called "The Act of Restoration Ukrainian state”, the essence of which was to create a new independent state on Ukrainian land. In just a few days, representatives of the OUN (b) created the Ukrainian State Board and the National Assembly. Bandera even enlisted the support of the Greek Catholic Church.

On July 5, 1941, the German authorities sent an invitation to Stepan Bandera to negotiate on the non-interference of the Germans in the sovereign rights of the Ukrainian state. However, this turned out to be just a clever ploy. As soon as Bandera arrived in Germany, he was arrested. The Germans demanded that Bandera abandon the "Act of the Revival of the Ukrainian State", but Stepan Andreevich did not agree, firmly believing in his ideals. As a result, Bandera was sent to the Montelupih police prison, and a year and a half later - to Nazi concentration camp Sachsenhausen. In the concentration camp, Bandera was kept in solitary confinement under round-the-clock surveillance by guards, while, as some historians assure, he was well fed and the conditions in the cell were not entirely terrible. Bandera stayed in Sachsenhausen until September 25, 1944. On that day, he and a couple of hundred other Ukrainians were released. After living in the camp, Stepan Andreevich decided to stay in Berlin.

last years of life

Barely starting a free life in Berlin, Bandera, according to some reports, was recruited by the military intelligence and counterintelligence agency of Germany under the nickname Gray.

In February 1945, while still in Germany, Stepan Bandera again became the leader of the OUN(b).

In the second half of the 1940s, Stepan Andreevich actively cooperated with the British special services, helping them to search for and prepare spies to be sent to the territory of the USSR.

In the period 1946-1947, Bandera had to remember the life of an ever-hidden conspirator - at that time a real hunt was announced for him by the military police in the territory of the American Zone of Occupation in Germany.

In the early 50s, Stepan moved to Munich. There he began to lead an almost normal life. He even invited his family - his wife and children - to his place. At the same time, the Soviet secret services still continued to dream of his death, while the American services had long forgotten about him. To protect himself and his family, Stepan Andreevich got guards. The German police also closely monitored the life of the Bander family, fearing that they might be killed. By the way, they managed to stop several attempts to kill Stepan Andreyevich.

Death

On October 15, 1959, an agent of the Committee was waiting for Stepan Andreevich in his own house. state security USSR Bogdan Nikolaevich Stashinsky. It is curious that it was on that day that Bandera, for some unknown reason, released his bodyguards at the entrance. Previously, the guards did not step aside from their object of observation. At about one o'clock in the afternoon, Bandera went up to the third floor, saw Stashinsky and managed to ask him only one question - "What are you doing here?" At the same second, Bogdan Nikolaevich sharply extended his hand forward with a pistol-syringe wrapped in a newspaper with a loaded potassium cyanide, and shot Bandera in the face. The shot was barely audible. When the neighbors nevertheless looked out onto the site, sensing something was wrong, Stashinsky had already disappeared, and Bandera himself was still alive. Neighbors took Stepan Popel (namely, under that name they knew him) to the hospital. However, the dying Bandera failed to get to the doctors in time - on the way to the hospital, without regaining consciousness, he died. At first, doctors ruled that death was the result of a crack in the base of the skull due to falling on the steps. Over time, through effort law enforcement the real cause of Stepan Andreevich's death was established - cyanide poisoning.

A little later, Bogdan Stashinsky was arrested. He confessed to killing Bandera and was sentenced in 1962 to eight years in a maximum security prison. After serving his term, Bogdan Nikolaevich disappeared from public view.

The funeral

On October 20, 1959, at three o'clock in the afternoon, Stepan Andreevich Bandera was buried at the Waldfirodhov cemetery (Munich). Several thousand people came to say goodbye to Bandera. Before being lowered into the grave, the coffin with the body was sprinkled with earth specially brought from Ukraine and sprinkled with water from the Black Sea.

Wife and kids

On June 3, 1940, Stepan Bandera was legally married to Yaroslava Vasilievna Oparovskaya, who later became the head of the women's department and the youth department of the OUN (b). The wife gave birth to Stepan two daughters and one son - Natalya (1941-1985), Lesya (1947-2011) and Andrei (1944-1984). Stepan Andreevich loved his offspring very much and tried to ensure that his political activities did not have a negative impact on their lives. So, his children recognized their real name only after the death of his father. Until that time, they sacredly believed that they sang.

Hero of Ukraine

On January 20, 2010, the President of Ukraine

Stepan Bandera is one of the most controversial figures in modern history. All his life and activity are filled with conflicting facts. Some consider him a national hero and a fighter for justice, others consider him a fascist and a traitor capable of atrocities. Information about his nationality is also ambiguous. So who was Stepan Bandera by origin?

Born in Austria-Hungary

Stepan Bandera was born in the Galician village of Stary Ugrinov, located on the territory of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His father was a Greek Catholic clergyman. Mother came from the family of a Greek Catholic priest. The head of the family was a staunch Ukrainian nationalist and brought up the children in the same spirit. Bandera's house was often visited by guests - relatives and acquaintances who took an active part in the Ukrainian national life of Galicia. As Stepan Bandera later wrote in his autobiography, he spent his childhood “in the house of his parents and grandfathers, grew up in an atmosphere of Ukrainian patriotism and vibrant national-cultural, political and public interests. Was at home a big library, active participants in the Ukrainian national life of Galicia often gathered.

True patriot of Ukraine

Starting your vigorous activity, Bandera positioned himself as a true patriot of Ukraine. The Ukrainians who joined him, who shared his views on the political future of their country, were sure that they were acting under the leadership of a compatriot. For the people, Stepan Bandera was a Ukrainian by birth. Hence the famous slogans, permeated with undisguised Nazism: "Ukraine - only for Ukrainians!", "Equality only for Ukrainians!" The nationalist Bandera sought to seize power as soon as possible and become the head of the Ukrainian state. Its purpose was to demonstrate its importance to the population. For this, on June 30, 1941, the “Act of the Revival of the Ukrainian State” was created. The document reflected the desire for independence from the Moscow occupation, cooperation with the allied German army and the struggle for the freedom and well-being of true Ukrainians: “Let the Ukrainian sovereign collective power live! Let the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists live! (an organization banned in the Russian Federation) Let the leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian People Stepan Bandera live! Glory to Ukraine!"

German citizenship

This fact is not widely known, but Stepan (Stefan) Bandera lived all his life with German passport. He had no territorial relation to Ukraine - neither to Petliura's, nor to pre-war Soviet - for the liberation of which he allegedly fiercely fought, he had.
An interesting fact is that German citizenship played a decisive role in the life of the leader of the Ukrainian Nazis. It was because of him that in 2011 the decision of President Viktor Yushchenko to award Badner the title of Hero of Ukraine was declared invalid. In accordance with Ukrainian legislation, the title of Hero can only be given to a citizen of Ukraine, and Stefan Bandera was a “European” from birth and died before the emergence of modern Ukraine, whose leadership could well have given him a passport.

Purebred Jew

No matter how paradoxical it may sound, but the ideologist of Ukrainian nationalism was a pure-blooded Jew by origin. The research of the Dutch historian Borbala Obrushansky, who studied the biography of Bandera for three years, says that Stefan Bandera is a baptized Jew, a Uniate. He came from a family of Jews baptized into the Uniatism (conversions). Father Adrian Bandera is a Greek Catholic from the bourgeois family of Moishe and Rosalia (nee - Beletskaya, by nationality - Polish Jew) Bander. The mother of the Ukrainian nationalist leader Miroslava Glodzinska is also a Polish Jew. The meaning of the name Bandera is explained quite simply. Modern Ukrainian nationalists translate it as "banner", but in Yiddish it means "brothel". She has nothing to do with Slavic or Ukrainian surnames. This is a tramp nickname for a woman who owned a brothel. Such women were called "banders" in Ukraine. The Jewish origin of Stepan Bandera is also indicated by his physical data: short stature, Western Asian facial features, raised wings of the nose, a strongly recessed lower jaw, triangular shape skull, lower eyelid in the form of a roller. Bandera himself carefully concealed his Jewish nationality all his life, including with the help of bestial, fierce anti-Semitism. This denial of his origins cost his fellow tribesmen dearly. According to researchers, Stepan Bandera and his dedicated Nazis killed between 850,000 and a million innocent Jews.

On January 1, 1909, Stepan Andreyevich Bandera, an ideologist and one of the founders of the nationalist movement in Ukraine, was born in the village of Stary Ugryniv on the territory of Galicia. His activities still cause fierce controversy, although more than 56 years have passed since the assassination of the politician. To help understand what is the secret of the attractiveness of his ideology for some, the biography of Stepan Bandera can.

Family

His parents were sincere believers and closely associated with the Greek Catholic (Uniate) Church. Stepan's father, Andrei Mikhailovich, served as a village priest and actively promoted the ideas of Ukrainian nationalism. In 1919, he was even elected to the National Rada of the ZUNR, and then he fought in the troops of Denikin. After graduation civil war Andrei Mikhailovich returned to his native village and continued his service as a village priest.

Stepan's mother, Miroslava Vladimirovna, also came from the family of a clergyman. That is why the children, and there were six of them, were brought up in the spirit of values ​​that are significant for their parents and devotion to the ideas of Ukrainian nationalism.

Biography of Stepan Bandera: childhood

The family lived in small house provided by the leadership of the church. According to contemporaries who are well acquainted with the biography of Stepan Bandera, he grew up as an obedient and pious boy. At the same time, already in the gymnasium, he tried to form in himself volitional qualities, for example, dousing cold water in winter, which earned him a joint disease for the rest of his life.

In order to enter the gymnasium, Stepan left his parents' house quite early and moved to the city of Stryi to his grandparents. It was there that he gained his first experience of political activity and showed himself as a person with excellent organizational skills. So, Bandera participated in the activities of various political organizations, including the Union of Ukrainian Nationalist Youth.

After graduating from the gymnasium, Stepan returned to Uhryniv, started organizing young nationalists and even created a local choir.

Becoming a nationalist movement

Entering the Polytechnic School of Lvov in 1929, Stepan Bender continues his political activities.

It was a difficult period. As dissatisfaction with the Polish authorities grows in the radical part of society, the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists is becoming more and more active. She is engaged terrorist acts, its militants attack mail trains and eliminate political opponents. And, as a response to terror and protests, mass repressions of the authorities begin.

In the 1930s, Bandera, who had previously been mainly engaged in propaganda, became one of the most active leaders of the OUN. He is repeatedly subjected to brief arrests, mainly for distributing anti-Polish literature. By the way, the biography of Stepan Bandera during this period contains many dark pages. In particular, according to some sources, in 1932, under the guidance of German specialists, he was trained at a special intelligence school in Danzig.

However, Bandera's work on important posts in the OUN was relatively short-lived. In 1934, he was arrested and then sentenced to hang for plotting the assassination of Bronisław Peracki, the Polish Minister of the Interior. True, capital punishment was later replaced with life imprisonment.

Activities during the German occupation

In 1939, after Poland was invaded by Germany, Stepan Bandera, whose biography continues to be of interest to historians of Eastern Europe in the 20th century, escapes from prison. He seeks to restore his influence in the leadership of the OUN and continue the struggle for the ideals of Ukrainian nationalism, but he faces a number of problems.

As you know, Galicia and Volhynia, which were originally the centers of the struggle for the creation of a sovereign Ukraine, at that time became part of the USSR, and nationalist activity there became difficult. In addition, there was no unity at the top of the OUN. Supporters of one of its leaders, Andrei Melnik, advocated an alliance with Nazi Germany.

Disagreements lead to open clashes. The confrontation between the OUN factions prompts Bendera to start recruiting armed groups. Based on them, at a rally in Lviv in 1941, he proclaims the creation of an independent state of Ukraine.

In Germany

The reaction of the occupying authorities was not long in coming. Stepan Bandera, short biography which is familiar to every Ukrainian schoolchild, together with his colleague Yaroslav Stetsko was arrested by the Gestapo, and they were sent to Berlin. Employees of the German secret services offered the OUN leader cooperation and support. In exchange for this, he had to abandon the propaganda of Ukrainian independence. He did not accept this offer and ended up in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, where he stayed until 1944.

However, in fairness it must be said that there he was in enough comfortable conditions and even had the opportunity to meet his wife. Moreover, Bandera, while in Sachsenhausen, wrote and sent articles and documents of political content to his homeland. For example, he is the author of the brochure "Struggle and activities of the OUN(b) during the war", in which he pays attention to the role of acts of violence, including ethnic ones.

According to some historians, the biography of Stepan Bandera in the period from 1939 to 1945 requires more careful study. In particular, according to some sources, he actively cooperated with the Abwehr and was engaged in the preparation of reconnaissance groups, without abandoning, however, his ideological convictions.

After the war

After the defeat of fascism, Bandera, Stepan, whose biography was repeatedly subjected to “rewriting” for the sake of one or another political force, remained in West Germany and settled in Munich, where his wife and children also arrived. He continued active political activity as one of the leaders of the OUN, many of whose members also moved to Germany or were released from the camps. Supporters of Bandera declared the need to elect him as the head of the organization for life. However, those who believed that the activities of nationalist-minded associations should be directed on the territory of Ukraine did not agree with this. As the main argument in favor of their position, they pointed out that only being on the spot, one can soberly assess the situation, which has changed radically during the war years.

In an effort to expand the number of his supporters, Stepan Bandera (the biography is briefly presented above) initiated the organization of the ABN - the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations, headed by Yaroslav Stetsko.

In 1947, nationalists who disagreed with his position finally left the OUN, and he was elected its leader.

Doom

It's time to tell about last page, which ended the biography of Stepan Bandera. According to the most common version, he was killed by an NKVD officer Bogdan Stashinsky. It happened in 1959, on October 15th. The killer was waiting for the politician at the entrance of the house and shot him in the face with a pistol with a syringe in which Bendera died in an ambulance called by neighbors, never regaining consciousness.

Other versions of the murder

But was Stepan Bandera (biography, whose photo is presented above) really killed by an agent of the Soviet special services? There are many versions. Firstly, on the day of Bandera's murder, for some reason, he let his bodyguards go. Secondly, from the point of view of his importance at that time, Bandera no longer posed a danger as a political figure. At least for the USSR. And the NKVD did not need the martyrdom of a prominent nationalist in the past. Thirdly, Stashinsky was sentenced to a rather lenient sentence - 8 years in prison. By the way, when he was released, he disappeared.

According to a less well-known version, Bandera was killed by one of his former associates or a representative of Western intelligence services, which is most likely.

The fate of family members

Stepan Bandera's father was arrested by the NKVD on May 22, 1941 and shot two weeks after the Nazi attack on the Soviet Union. His brother Alexander lived in Italy for a long time. At the beginning of the war, he arrived in Lviv, was arrested by the Gestapo and died in another brother of Stepan Bandera - Vasily - was also an active figure in the Ukrainian nationalist movement. In 1942, he was sent to Auschwitz by the German occupation troops and killed by Polish overseers.

crimes

Today in Ukraine there are many people who revere Stepan Bandera almost like a saint. Striving for the independence of one's homeland is a noble cause, but nationalism never stops at praising its people. He always needs to prove his superiority by humiliating a neighbor or, even worse, destroying him physically. In particular, many European and Russian historians consider proven the facts of Bandera's involvement in the Volyn massacre, when thousands of Poles and Armenian Catholics were killed, whom Bandera considered "second Jews".

Stepan Bandera, whose biography, crimes and works require serious study, is an ambiguous personality, but undoubtedly an extraordinary one. His name currently continues to be a symbol of the nationalist movement and inspires some hot and, shall we say, not quite smart heads to commit such terrible acts as shelling the residential areas of their own cities.

atrizno in Stepan Bandera was a purebred Jew.

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Stepan Bandera today, without a doubt, is the main cult figure of the entire Ukrainian "national renaissance" and the most important national hero of "Dill". His portraits, decorated with a towel, are hung next to the Uniate icons in the red corner by the most Svidomo Ukrainians.

Moreover, this character today is becoming revered among "Russian" Nazis and national democrats, who openly envy their Ukrov colleagues who have such a charismatic object of worship.

At the same time, the object of veneration itself, surrounded by many myths, has practically nothing to do with a real historical person. And in this sense, the most respectable public will be interested to know who Stepan Bandera really was, who ended his life under the name of Stefan Poppel (German - snot, booger).

Let's touch on at least a few of the most significant, personal and little-known aspects of his life. First of all, the origin. The future Poppel came from a family of Jews baptized into the Uniatism (conversions). Father: Adrian Bandera - a Greek Catholic from the bourgeois family of Moishe and Rosalia (nee Beletskaya, by nationality - a Polish Jew) Bander. The mother of the future Ukrainian "hero" Miroslava Glodzinskaya is a Polish Jew. That is, the ideologist of Ukrainian nationalism was a purebred Jew.

And the explanation of the origin of his surname is simple. Modern Ukronazis translate it as "banner", but in Yiddish it means "den". And this is not a Slavic surname, and not Ukrainian. This is a tramp nickname for a woman who owned a brothel. Such women were called banders in Ukraine. The physical data of the character himself leaves no doubt about his genetic origin: with a height of 159 centimeters and Western Asian facial features, there are no questions.

Incidentally, Roman Shukhevych, Poppel's comrade-in-arms, had a similar origin. + Of course, in Jewish origin there is nothing bad or shameful, but Bandera himself carefully concealed it all his life, including with the help of his bestial, fierce anti-Semitism. This "disguise" cost his fellow tribesmen ... 850,000 (!) victims. Atrocity is what so often happens to renegades.

Stefan (Stefan) was the second child after his elder sister Marta (born in 1909 in the village of Ugrinov), in the family of the Uniate priest Andrian (conversions in Galicia willingly followed the spiritual path) and ... the prostitute Miroslava. Poppel's father encouraged his wife to engage in prostitution, as this brought much more income than his sermons.

Bandera was not admitted to elementary school due to obvious signs of non-traditional orientation and sadistic inclinations. As a teenager, Bandera joined the Ukrainian children's organization Plast. According to comrades in the organization, Bandera already showed sadistic and pedophilic-homosexual tendencies as a child - he really liked to catch younger schoolchildren and, having severely beaten them, forced them to lick their genitals.

According to his friend Mikola Zyryanko, "Bandera was very cruel and unfair to those who were weaker than him, but at the same time he kowtowed to those who were stronger. I also know that the father of one of the children he beaten and disgraced caught Stepan and, having beaten him, committed an act of sodomy with him" .

Perhaps it was this that had a significant impact on Bandera's life. After the rape, his mind was partially damaged. He could stand for hours half-dressed in the cold, mumbling meaningless prayers. His father, always drunk, was not engaged in his upbringing, and his mother was rarely at home, as she constantly served customers. After the homosexual act, Stepan became afraid to touch weaker children and showed all his anger on animals.

The future "national hero" was very fond of catching cats and strangling them with one hand. It gave him special pleasure, having caught a kitten, to crush him until the guts crawled out of the unfortunate cat. (article by journalist V. Belyaev, memoirs of G. Gordasevich). That is, young Poppel was a cat-hound. Cat crushing is evidence of a heavy spiritual confirmation, primary "instinctive" Satanism.

The status of a passive pederast accompanied the Ukrainian leader almost all his life. In 1936, Bandera was sentenced to death for attempted terrorism, later commuted to life imprisonment. According to the testimony of his cellmates - Kachmanrsky and Karpinets - Bandera was an extremely disrespectful person in prison, in other words, he replaced a woman with a prisoner.

On September 13, 1939, Bandera was released from prison by the German authorities and sent to a German saboteur training center. In the center, Bandera was subjected to passive homosexual intercourse, filming the process on a movie camera. This was done in order to eliminate the possibility of betrayal. However, the fact that Bandera was a pederast was no secret to his associates. Not for nothing was his party nickname "Baba".

At the end of his life, Bandera provided a "theoretical base" for his pederasty and even proclaimed it obligatory for Svidomo Ukrainians: "... but the Ukrainian revolution will differ from all other revolutions in close male ties. And I'm not talking about friendship here! In order to overthrow the occupation of Muscovites, Ukrainian men must get to know each other. This is the path to freedom, this is the path to independence. And I I believe that one day such a day will come"

(Stepan Bandera "Ukrainian people and revolution" 1950).

So the abundance of pederasts in the ranks of modern poppelists (or europoppels) should not be surprising. They simply follow the precepts of their teacher and, like Lyashko, are actively engaged in sodomy for Ukraine.

Throughout his life, Baba carried a tendency not only to sodomy, but also to sadism.

Miron Matvieyko, head of the Security Service of the ZCH OUN, testified: "And what is this second secret of Banderi, that for her sake Bandera wanted to drive Banyas out of the world? This story is short. Banyas and the guys from Banderi's guards witnessed Banderi's cohabitation with his wife Slava. They told me more than once with indignation how the conductor of the entire OUN beat his wife, and even kicked her in the stomach when she was pregnant. One of the guys, leaving his post as Banderi's guard, told me directly that he prefers to be shot, but he cannot look at Banderi's mockery of a woman When Bandera's wife went to the maternity hospital to give birth to a third child, Banyas gave his own wife as a nanny to Bandera's small children.On the same day, when Bandera's faithful servant took his wife to the maternity hospital, Bandera tried to rape Banyas' wife, who told everything to her husband. Banyas, in turn, with tears in his eyes, told this secret to me."

(M.V. Matviyko. Black Sprav 3Ch OUN. K, 1962, page 62)

As it turned out, Poppel-Bandera was a complete type of degenerate, sadist and traitor, devoid of any moral framework. Moreover, it is obvious that he acquired a number of these qualities by inheritance.