The moral responsibility of people around the world. Moral choice in the activities of law enforcement officers

2.4 Moral and ethical aspects of responsibility

Countless speeches and articles have been made and published on business and entrepreneurial ethics. However, most of these publications have nothing to do with business and almost nothing to do with morality and ethics.

One of critical issues remains the usual honesty. We are constantly told that businessmen should not lie, steal, cheat, give or take bribes. But the same can be said for anyone else. It is impossible to violate the generally accepted rules of behavior in society only because of the specifics of the work. The vice president, the mayor of the city or the rector of the university does not cease to be ordinary people after receiving a high position. At the same time, there are always people who are ready at any moment to cheat, steal, lie, receive or give a bribe. Thus, we are talking about moral values and education of an individual, about behavior patterns that are laid down in the family and school. Therefore, there is no need to establish any particular business ethics.

We just need to develop a system of harsh punishments for all officials(in commercial firms or other institutions) that succumb to the temptation to violate the generally accepted ethical standards.

Another common topic of discussion about business ethics, in fact, has nothing to do with ethics at all. Of course, it would be just wonderful if all our leaders became crystal-clear and decent people. Alas, the so-called "top of society" - kings and aristocracy, clergymen and military leaders, even "intellectuals", prominent representatives which were famous artists and humanists of the Renaissance - never distinguished themselves by special righteousness. A decent person usually avoids actions that offend his sense of taste and infringe on his dignity.

Recently (especially in the United States of America), one more thing has been added to the good old "skates" of moralists - the question of the "moral responsibility" of managers for their active and constructive role in society. This role is to serve the cause of society, to devote all your time to work for the good of society, etc. etc.

It should be noted, however, that such a role cannot be imposed on managers by force, nor can they be encouraged in any special way to participate in activities for the benefit of society. Forcing managers to do this kind of work is an abuse of organizational power, illegal in its essence.

Really voluntary participation of managers in socially useful activities has nothing to do with ethics and almost nothing to do with responsibility. This is nothing more than a feasible contribution of an individual - a conscious citizen and an exemplary member of society - to the development of his society. Moreover, it has nothing to do with his main job and his responsibility as the head of the institution.

A moral and ethical problem specific to the manager arises as a result of the fact that the heads of institutions become - collectively - the leading group of the community of organizations. But on an individual level, the manager remains an ordinary worker - just like other workers.

Therefore, it is not entirely correct to speak of managers as leaders. They are only "members of the leading group". However, this group occupies a prominent, prominent place in our society. In addition, she has certain powers. And so it bears a certain responsibility.

But what is this responsibility? What is the ethics of the individual manager as a representative of the leading group?

In essence, a person belonging to one or another leading group is traditionally designated by the word "professional". Belonging to such a group gives a person a certain status, position in society, fame and authority. However, this status imposes certain obligations on a person. To expect that every manager will be an effective leader is at least not serious. In any developed society, there are thousands, if not millions of managers, while an "effective leader" is a rather rare phenomenon. But as a representative of the leading group, the manager must meet the requirements professional ethics- the requirements of ethics of high responsibility.

2.5 Problem social responsibility in modern domestic organizations

In the early 2000s, after the Russian economy emerged from the crisis, the question of the social responsibility of Russian business was on the agenda.

At that time, on the one hand, large Russian business initiated a number of social programs. On the other hand, the Russian government presented its own account to business, demanding from it a more active participation in solving social problems.

At the regional level, the social responsibility of organizations acquires a slightly different meaning. The federal government has taken the path of distribution different groups population social benefits mitigating the burden of an acute transformational crisis. At the same time, the obligation to finance these benefits was transferred to the regional and local budgets. Government, solving the problem of balancing state budget, pulled more sustainable taxes to the center and reduced the share of regional and local budgets in the consolidated budget.

In the 1990s federal government gave governors and mayors of cities the freedom to set taxes. As a result, exotic targeted fees began to be introduced: for the maintenance of schools and hospitals, the police and firefighters, the city football team, taxes on the construction of bridges and the arrangement of city parks.

Currently, the social responsibility of business is being revived in Russia in different forms among which there are two main ones.

Formal social responsibility is based on the fact that the purpose of a business is to make a profit within the framework of the current legislation. The obligations of business to society are to comply with legislation (labor, environmental, fiscal, etc.) in the process of doing business aimed at producing competitive goods and services. In this aspect, the attempt of Russian business to switch to "white" schemes of doing business, the rejection of the widespread use of even legal ways reduction in taxes paid to the state.

Informal social responsibility is based on the civic and ethical position of the entrepreneur and the voluntary diversion of business resources to social programs in the form of charity, patronage, sponsorship. In addition, voluntary-compulsory informal social responsibility is widely practiced, based on the diversion of business resources to infrastructure and social programs initiated by the authorities. Such costs are, in essence, firms' investments in stabilization. external environment business: in improving infrastructure, relations with the local community and with the authorities.

Entrepreneurs have not yet formed a unified approach to the problem of social responsibility to society and the state. Thus, Vice-President of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs I. Yurgens sees the social responsibility of Russian business in the fulfillment of formal obligations to consumers (in terms of the quality of goods and services, in fair pricing); before society - for the state of the environment and attitude to human rights (non-admission of discrimination, forced labor, observance of human rights in the activities of the organization). Informal obligations of business - "participation of business in the socio-economic development of territories in areas that affect the main activities of companies or not related to the main activities (including charity, social and cultural development programs); in supporting public initiatives, civil society institutions" 3 . However, the emphasis is on the implementation of programs for the socio-economic development of territories that affect the interests of the business itself, on the development of civil society structures.

President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation E. M. Primakov believes that the fulfillment by business of formal social obligations consists in solving problems labor relations, counterfeit and counterfeit products, taking responsibility for the overall environmental situation. Informal social obligations: participation in the fight against poverty and targeted support for the poor, including through the use of the mechanism of targeted social funds; active

Models of Effective Cooperation”, published in October 2003 on the website of the Association of Managers of Russia www.amr.ru). , but is also an integral component of the corporate development strategy. This is JSC "SJSC "TONAR" (the abbreviation stands for "goods - to the people"), in its practical activities focused on the production of consumer goods and advanced technologies, on the solution of social problems of the Moscow region. In fact, all projects developed and implemented by the corporation are socially, including environmentally, oriented (one of them is the creation of a complex for the processing and disposal of solid domestic and industrial waste in the Timokhovo settlement).

Specific elements of the strategy of social responsibility pursued by "TOVAR" and the effects obtained (planned) from it deserve, I think, a special analysis and a special publication. However, it should be noted that the manifestations of the social responsibility of the said corporation to its personnel are the provision of social services packages to the latter and the creation of its own (corporate) pension system have already led to a significant increase in labor productivity.

Deciding to take care of environment, management large corporation ordered the closure of one of its factories. However, the local population strongly opposed it, since in such a situation many people lost their jobs. Social responsibility turned out to be a double-edged sword...

Every company strives to maximum efficiency that allows you to produce and sell quality products, pay dividends to shareholders, etc. However, the activities of commercial organizations also have a pronounced social component. The social responsibility of business in the economy is the proper quality of goods and services, high level production safety, normal working conditions for personnel, etc.

So far, there is no classical definition of the social responsibility of business in foreign management theory. The meaning of this concept in many cases is perceived very subjectively, but its main characteristics can be identified. Unlike legal, social responsibility does not imply rigid norms. It is the voluntary duty of businessmen to pursue such policies, make such decisions, and follow such lines of action as are desirable from the point of view of the purposes and values ​​of society. In other words, this is a kind of social contract between entrepreneurs, the population and the state, the purpose of which is to promote the good of the whole society.

The administration of the Kemerovo region has concluded agreements on social and economic cooperation with all large organizations, which fix their obligations to employees (to preserve and create jobs, wages, social guarantees, etc.), to the local community (to finance housing and communal services, social facilities), before the authorities ( investment programs).

The agreement on social and economic partnership between the administration of the Kemerovo Region and OJSC Coal Company Kuzbassrazrezugol is indicative. The company took over the maintenance of housing and communal services in the villages of Bachaty, Kedrovka, Krasny Brod. The agreement provides for investments in the development of the company and secures the participation of Kuzbassrazrezugol in social programs, including housing construction, completion of the construction of a school in Krasny Brod, providing coal at preferential prices, improving the health of employees, organizing children's recreation etc. For the maintenance of objects social sphere in 2004 the company must allocate 105 million rubles. The average salary of workers should be 10 thousand rubles.

In addition, the regional administration periodically refers to large companies with requests for help in solving certain problems. Sudden additional expenses may be associated with the elimination of consequences natural Disasters, with problems of supplying housing and communal services with fuel and other things.

Large business injections make the main contribution to solving the problems of additional financing of territories. For example, the 2004 agreement on cooperation and social partnership between the regional administration and SUEK not only establishes the company's obligations to finance social programs (in the amount of at least 30 million rubles), but also provides for the signing of an additional agreement for the city of Kiselevsk.

Agreements with the administration essentially fix the unilateral responsibility of large organizations.

In Tatarstan, there is an off-budget housing fund under President M. Sh. Shaimiev, where everyone legal entities monthly must transfer at least 1% of revenue. In Petrozavodsk, private carriers are required to transfer 150 rubles a month from each "minibus". for the repair of roads and the installation of road signs.

In general, the study shows that entrepreneurs have a modern understanding of the areas of social responsibility. There is also a need for stable "rules of the game", which the state must satisfy. First of all, it should ensure a clear delineation of functions and responsibilities between government and business, between the levels of government - federal, regional and local. As long as there is a problem of insufficient financing of territories, voluntary-compulsory diversion of funds for these purposes by organizations will be reproduced, relegating more mature forms of social responsibility of Russian business to the background.

Conclusion

Summing up in my work, I want to draw a few conclusions.

1. Social responsibility - the obligation of the organization to benefit society through the use of profits from private business.

2. In addition, the main economic problems solved in the production of the social aspects of these problems, depending on the motives and intentions of the person responsible for making decisions. For example, some managers argue that by maximizing profits and creating large quantity jobs, their firms participate in the process of social transformation, reducing unemployment. Thus, these firms are involved in the sphere of social responsibility, since there are different, and sometimes mutually unacceptable, approaches to the essence of the concept of social responsibility.

3. Managers must be clear about what approach is appropriate for their firm. And when will it be determined main idea, which the company will adhere to in its activities, then the manager will be able to calculate his own actions according to this idea.

4. The problem of developing the social responsibility of business in Russia is especially relevant today. This is due to the fact that we have a very peculiar process of primitive accumulation of capital.

5. Privatization was carried out simultaneously with the formation of the state, when the laws of a market economy were not yet in force. All this was accompanied by the growth of corruption and the criminalization of society. The consequence of this was that domestic business acquired a negative image both in the West and in Russia. As a result, due to the extremely low rating intangible assets Russian companies were undercapitalized.

6. Unfortunately, there are very few studies on the subject of corporate social responsibility in Russian. The idea of ​​it is still vague and requires serious clarification, and the history of the development of social responsibility of business in Russia has not been sufficiently studied. The accumulated Russian experience has not yet been summarized, which, although not advertised, already exists in sufficient quantity for analysis.

7. Obviously, it would be very useful to study foreign experience in this area. However, at the same time, it must be correlated with Russian realities. Western economic institutions need to fit into completely different historical and cultural conditions. It can be assumed that the most complex implementation process can facilitate a comprehensive study of the social responsibility of business.

List of used literature

1. Fundamentals of management: Textbook for universities \ D.D. Vachugov, T.E. Berezkina, N.A. Kislyakova and others; Ed. D.D. Vachugova. -M.: graduate School, 2002.-364 p.

2. Cohen S. The art of negotiation for managers / Steven Cohen - Per. from English. A. Uspensky, - M .: FAIR-PRESS, 2003.-288s.

3. Bolshakov A.S., Mikhailov V.I. Perfect management theory and practice - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.- 416 p.

4. G.B. Polyak, I.A. Akodis, T.A. Kraeva and others, Financial management: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. G.B.Polyak. - M.: Finance, UNITI, 1997.-518 p.

5. Drucker, Peter, F Encyclopedia of Management.: Per. from English - M.: Williams Publishing House, 2004. - 432 p.

6. Introduction to the specialty "Organization Management" Tutorial for universities / S.D. Reznik, I.A. Igoshina, V.S. Reznik Under the general editorship. EM. Korotkov and S.D. Reznik. "Logos", 2004.- 320s.

7. N.V. Kolchina, Finance of enterprises: Textbook for universities: -2nd. ed.; revised and expanded. - M.: UNITI DIANA, 2001. - 448 p.

8. Finance of the enterprise: Textbook for universities / Ed. .V.Kolchina. - M .: UNITI Finance, 2000.- 414 p.

9. Kreykina MN: Financial management / Tutorial. - M.: Publishing house "Business and service", 1998. 304 p.

10. Utkin E.A.: Financial management. Textbook for high schools.-M.: Publishing house "Zertsalo". 1998 - 272 p.

11. Balabanov I.T. Fundamentals of financial management.: Textbook - M.: Finance and statistics, 1997. - 480 p.

12. Financial management: Textbook for students. avg. prof. textbook manager / N.I. Benzon, V.I. Gorely, V.D. Gazman and others; Pld ed. N.i. Benzon. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2003.-336s

13. Zaitseva O.A., Radugin A.A., Radugin K.A., Rogacheva N.I. Fundamentals of Management: Textbook for Universities \ Scientific editor A.A. Radugin. - M.: Center, 1998. - 432 p.

14. L.M. Andronov. On the concept and strategies of corporate business responsibility. \\ Russian Economic Journal. - 2004, No. 11-12. – 119 p.

15. Yakovlev R. How to aim policy wages to overcome poverty? // Russian Economic Journal. - 2001. - No. 8. - S. 50.

While Procter & Gamble received legal advice regarding the possibility of prosecution, its actions nonetheless demonstrate social responsibility. Ethics and modern management At the core of the problem of social responsibility are personal values, shared beliefs about good and evil. People who believe that "organizations should maximize...

Indicators. The key aspect of working on a social report is its assessment and verification by an independent auditor, as well as the use of the results obtained during the creation of the report in the further development of the organization's social responsibility. The implementation of this procedure gives the company a third-party guarantee that the information published in the report is reliable and does not constitute advertising. ...

It's like an internal code of laws that determines how you can behave and how you can't, what decisions can be made and which can't, where the line between good and evil lies. Management ethics is associated with internal values, and they, in turn, are part of corporate culture and influence the decisions made, determine their social acceptability within the framework of the external environment. Ethics...

MORAL RESPONSIBILITY - the responsibility of the individual for his behavior from the point of view of morality, as well as responsibility social communities(family, clan, clan, party, institution, state, etc.) for the customs and moral relations existing in them. Along with the institutional administrative and legal responsibility of N.d. is the main non-institutional regulator of relationships between people, groups, between the individual and society, between various social structures.

The carrier of N. about. is any individual and collective subject of social activity. Object N.o. there can be any act and its motivation, economic, political action. But. directly depends on some characteristics of the subject and object of the action. For example, a child or an insane mentally ill person cannot carry N.o. incapable of consciously motivated actions. Measure N.o. depends on the nature or nature of the object of action. Thus, cruel treatment of a child, an old man, a defenseless woman seems morally more irresponsible and morally more condemnable than the same treatment, for example, with a mature man who can stand up for himself and his dignity. But. directly related to the category of freedom. The nature and extent of responsibility for the committed action depend on the degree and conditions of freedom of moral choice. The factors that determine this character are at least the following conditions for the freedom to choose a form of behavior: a) an objective, for example, physical possibility of choice. Thus, the train driver does not bear moral responsibility for the death of a pedestrian who suddenly appeared on the rails, because in this case the law of inertia ruled out any alternative. The same can be said about the act, for example, of a serviceman who is obliged to unquestioningly carry out the order of the commander; b) the mental ability of a person to consciously choose an act and its motives (sanity); c) knowledge by the subject of activity accepted in this society moral standards, sufficient awareness of what is allowed, prohibited, recommended, encouraged or condemned in behavior (moral sanity). The degree of internalization (assimilation) by the personality of the prevailing ideas about good and evil, proper and improper, moral norms that exist in a given society is also important.

AT specific cases when determining responsibility, it is important to distinguish between two concepts: the measure of responsibility and the amount of responsibility, i.e. the number of sub-responsible acts for a given subject of activity. Between these concepts there is Feedback: the higher the degree of responsibility, the less number responsible acts. So, every person as a private person bears N.o. for all, without exception, their actions and their motives. The same person as an official is responsible only for those actions that are within the limits of his official competence. But on the other hand, the measure of this responsibility is much higher, because, speaking on behalf of an institution, state, etc., relying on the strength and authority of the authorities, he is able to cause consequences that are more or less negative for many people.

But. individuals and collectives is supported by moral sanctions, positive or negative. These sanctions can be objective, external, for example, approval or condemnation public opinion, fame or infamy, drop in prestige, rating, etc.; for a person, they can also be internal, subjective, positive or negative experiences: a sense of satisfaction, self-satisfaction, inner peace of mind or, on the contrary, remorse, a sense of shame, mental discomfort, anxiety, dissatisfaction with oneself, and also fear of possible punishment. The strength of the impact of moral sanctions, especially internal ones, as a rule, depends on intellectual maturity, the ability to self-reflection, and the spiritual wealth of the individual.

Dictionary of philosophical terms. Scientific edition of Professor V.G. Kuznetsova. M., INFRA-M, 2007, p. 366-367.

- ♦ (ENG moral responsibility) having the ability to make a choice between right and wrong actions (see Morality) and, thus, to be responsible for the choice made ... Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms

Adverb, number of synonyms: 1 blood falls on (1) ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

Increased moral responsibility- placing high hopes and non-childish responsibility on the child, frequent shaming, comparisons with more successful children are not in favor of the child. The most dangerous in terms of the formation of psychasthenic accentuation of character ... Human psychology: glossary of terms

RESPONSIBILITY, responsibility, pl. no, female 1. A situation in which a person performing some kind of work is obliged to give a full account of his actions and accept the blame for all the consequences that may arise in the outcome of the assigned case, in ... Dictionary Ushakov

RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STATE- - occurs in cases of violation by the state of the norms of international law and its obligations. It is necessary to distinguish between the responsibility arising from the commission by the state, represented by its bodies and officials misconduct(torts), ... ... Soviet legal dictionary

responsibility- Big, great, high, main, deep, huge, significant, hefty, colossal, considerable, undivided, serious (colloquial), huge, basic, special, full, honorable, real, serious, terrible (colloquial), strict , harsh, ... ... Dictionary of epithets

RESPONSIBILITY- the moral, moral quality of the individual and the category of ethics, reflecting, on the one hand, the ability of a person to be responsible for his actions, on the other hand, the opportunity for society to subject these actions to moral evaluation. Moral theorists have solved a number of ... ...

RESPONSIBILITY moral- the moral quality of the individual and the category of ethics, reflecting, on the one hand, the ability of a person to be responsible for his actions, on the other hand, the ability for society to subject these actions to a moral assessment. Moral theorists solved a number of questions on ... ... Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia

AND; well. 1. to Responsible (3 4 digits). O. worker. Show responsibility for completing tasks. With full consciousness of his responsibility for the execution of the order. 2. The need to give an account of one's actions, deeds, etc.; duty… … encyclopedic Dictionary

responsibility- and; well. 1) to the responsible 3), 4) Responsibility of the employee. Show responsibility for completing tasks. With full consciousness of his responsibility for the execution of the order. 2) The need to give an account of one's actions, deeds, etc.; ... ... Dictionary of many expressions

Books

• , Strada, Vittorio. The first commandment of terrorism is "kill". Unlike war, where the clash with the enemy is on an equal footing, a terrorist attack on an individual or group of individuals is asymmetrical in nature ...
• The ethics of terror. From Fyodor Dostoyevsky to Thomas Mann, Vittorio Strada. The first commandment of terrorism is "kill". Unlike war, where the clash with the enemy is on an equal footing, a terrorist attack on an individual or a group of individuals is asymmetrical in ...

What is "moral responsibility"? given by the author goof off the best answer is The moral responsibility of a person depends on:
- his legal capacity;
- ability to understand and correctly interpret requirements;
- the influence of external circumstances on the result of actions.
In addition, a moral response means responsible behavior towards other people: respect for the personality of another person, helping people, etc.
The sense of responsibility exists in two forms - positive (a sense of significance, influence on what is happening) and negative (uncertainty in the ability to achieve positive results).
Irresponsible behavior is actions performed without considering their consequences. Such behavior is associated with inadequate self-esteem, indifference, selfishness, etc.
Moral response. suggests the following. conditions:
- freedom of the performed action (an act committed by a person not of his own free will does not imply responsibility for it);
- intentionality of an act (unintentionality of an act mitigates responsibility, but does not completely exclude it);
- the ability of a person to be aware of what is happening, the ability to voluntarily stop the action leading to negative consequences. (Psychically ill people are recognized as insane. From a legal point of view, artificially induced insanity (alcohol, drugs) aggravates guilt.)
During historical development people community, the level of personal freedom increases, as well as the level of moral responsibility of a person for himself and for his family. In this regard, the philosopher E. Fromm argued that many people are weighed down by this responsibility and try to evade it (sometimes unconsciously). He identified mechanisms that allow a person to lay down freedom and responsibility at the social level:
- totalitarian regime (the leader takes responsibility for the life of society and its members);
- "automating conformism" (uncritically accepting other people's opinions, turning society's opinion into one's own).
Moral assessment. It is possible to allocate m. a separate act and m. o. activities in general, but since they are closely interrelated, it is advisable to dwell on the common, most important parameters.
First of all, m.o. should be max complex, i.e., take into account all the components of the act and the uniqueness of their relationship. Regardless of whose behavior is evaluated - one's own or someone else's, one needs to understand not only the intentions and motives, but also the results. M. o. should be specific, that is, based on an analysis of the conditions in which the act was committed. In addition, each act should be evaluated not as a separate act, but in the context of all previous moral activity. M. o. implies emotional involvement in the situation, which should not interfere with objective analysis.
In addition, often in their moral and evaluative activities of people. relies on its life experience as per unit reliable reality. Despite the importance of individual experience, it is still not a panacea for delusions, especially if it is limited in content and quantity. relation. The ability to correctly evaluate someone else's act, which has no analogues in his own. experience or not. own value orientation, is an indicator of the spiritual maturity of the individual.