Interesting facts from the history of January 20. Interesting facts from military history. Peter I and guards
In the article we will talk about the great discoveries of the 20th century. It is not surprising that since ancient times, people have tried to make their wildest dreams come true. At the turn of the last century, incredible things were invented that turned the life of the whole world upside down.
X-rays
Let's start the list of great discoveries of the 20th century by looking at electromagnetic radiation, which was actually discovered at the end of the 19th century. The author of the invention was the German physicist Wilhelm Roentgen. The scientist noticed that when the current is turned on in the cathode tube, covered with barium crystals, a slight glow begins to appear. There is another version, according to which the wife brought her husband dinner, and he noticed that he saw her bones showing through the skin. These are all versions, but there are also facts. For example, Wilhelm Roentgen refused to get a patent for his invention, because he believed that this activity could not bring real income. Thus, we rank X-rays among the great discoveries of the 20th century, which influenced the development of scientific and technological potential.
A television
More recently, the TV was a thing that testifies to the viability of its owner, but in the modern world, television has faded into the background. At the same time, the very idea of \u200b\u200bthe invention originated back in the 19th century simultaneously with the Russian inventor Porfiry Gusev and the Portuguese professor Adriano de Paiva. They were the first to say that a device would soon be invented that would allow the transmission of an image using a wire. The first receiver, whose screen size was only 3 by 3 cm, was demonstrated to the world by Max Dieckmann. At the same time, Boris Rosing proved that it is possible to use a cathode ray tube in order to be able to convert an electrical signal into an image. In 1908, the physicist Hovhannes Adamyan from Armenia patented an apparatus for transmitting signals, consisting of two colors. It is believed that the first television was developed in the early 20th century in America. It was collected by Russian emigrant Vladimir Zworykin. It was he who broke the light beam into green, red and blue, thus obtaining a color image. He called this invention the iconoscope. In the West, John Beard is considered the inventor of television, who was the first to patent a device that creates a picture of 8 lines.
Mobile phones
The first mobile phone appeared in the 70s of the last century. Once an employee of the well-known company Motorola, which developed portable devices, Martin Cooper, showed his friends a huge tube. Then they did not believe that something like this could be invented. Later, while walking around Manhattan, Martin called the boss from a competitor's company. Thus, for the first time in practice, he showed the effectiveness of his huge telephone receiver. Soviet scientist Leonid Kupriyanovich conducted similar experiments 15 years earlier. That is why it is quite difficult to definitely talk about who really is the discoverer of portable devices. In any case, mobile phones are a worthy discovery of the 20th century, without which it is simply impossible to imagine modern life.
A computer
One of the greatest scientific discoveries of the 20th century is the invention of the computer. Agree that today without this device it is impossible to work or rest. A few years ago, computers were used only in special laboratories and organizations, but today it is a common thing in every family. How was this supercar invented?
The German Konrad Zuse in 1941 created a computer that, in fact, could perform the same operations as a modern computer. The difference was that the machine worked with the help of telephone relays. A year later, American physicist John Atanasoff and his graduate student Clifford Berry jointly developed an electronic computer. However, this project was not completed, so it cannot be said that they are the real creators of such a device. In 1946, John Mauchly demonstrated what he claimed to be the first electronic computer, ENIAC. It took a long time, and huge boxes replaced small and thin devices. By the way, personal computers appeared only at the end of the last century.
Internet
The great technological discovery of the 20th century is the Internet. Agree that without it, even the most powerful computer is not so useful, especially in the modern world. Many people do not like to watch TV, but they forget that the power over human consciousness has long been captured by the Internet. Who came up with the idea of such a global international network? She appeared in a group of scientists in the 50s of the last century. They wanted to create a quality network that would be difficult to hack or eavesdrop. The reason for this thought was the Cold War.
The US authorities during the Cold War used a certain device that allowed data to be transmitted over a distance without resorting to mail or telephone. This device was called APRA. Later, scientists from research centers in different states took up the creation of the APRANET network. Already in 1969, thanks to this invention, it was possible to link all the computers of the universities represented by this group of scientists. After 4 years, other research centers joined this network. After the advent of e-mail, the number of people who wanted to penetrate the World Wide Web began to grow exponentially. As for the current state, at the moment more than 3 billion people use the Internet every day.
Parachute
Despite the fact that the idea of a parachute came to the mind of Leonardo da Vinci, nevertheless this invention in its modern form is attributed to the great discoveries of the 20th century. With the advent of aeronautics, regular jumps began from large balloons, to which half-open parachutes were attached. Already in 1912, an American decided to jump out of an airplane with such a device. He successfully landed on the ground and became the most courageous inhabitant of America. Later, engineer Gleb Kotelnikov invented a parachute made entirely of silk. He also managed to pack it into a small satchel. The invention was tested on a moving car. Thus, they came up with a brake parachute that would allow the emergency braking system to be used. So, before the start of the First World War, the scientist received a patent for his invention in France, and thus became the discoverer of the parachute in the 20th century.
Physicists
Now let's talk about the great physicists of the 20th century and their discoveries. Everyone knows that physics is the basis, without which it is impossible in principle to imagine the complex development of any other science.
Note Planck's quantum theory. In 1900, the German professor Max Planck became the discoverer of a formula that described the distribution of energy in the spectrum of a black body. Note that before that it was believed that energy is always distributed evenly, but the inventor proved that the distribution occurs proportionally due to quanta. The scientist compiled a report that at that time no one believed. However, after 5 years, thanks to Planck's findings, the great scientist Einstein was able to create a quantum theory of the photoelectric effect. Thanks to quantum theory, Niels Bohr was able to build a model of the atom. Thus, Planck created a powerful base for further discoveries.
We must not forget about the greatest discovery of the 20th century - the discovery of the theory of relativity by Albert Einstein. The scientist managed to prove that gravity is a consequence of the curvature of four-dimensional space, namely time. He also explained the effect of time dilation. Einstein's discoveries made it possible to calculate many astrophysical quantities and distances.
The invention of the transistor can be attributed to the greatest discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries. The first working device was created in 1947 by researchers from America. Scientists experimentally confirmed the correctness of their ideas. In 1956, they already received the Nobel Prize for discoveries. Thanks to them, a new era began in electronics.
The medicine
Considering the great discoveries in medicine of the 20-21st century, let's start with the invention of penicillin by Alexander Fleming. It is known that this valuable substance was discovered as a result of negligence. Thanks to the discovery of Fleming, people have ceased to be afraid of the most dangerous diseases. In the same century, the structure of DNA was discovered. Its discoverers are considered to be Francis Crick and James Watson, who created the first model of the DNA molecule using cardboard and metal. Incredible hype was raised by the information that all living organisms have the same principle of DNA structure. For this revolutionary discovery, scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize.
The great discoveries of the 20th and 21st century continue with finding the possibility of transplanting organs. Such actions were perceived as something unrealistic for a long time, but already in the last century, scientists realized that it was possible to achieve a safe, high-quality transplant. The official discovery of this fact took place in 1954. Then a doctor from America, Joseph Murray, transplanted a kidney to one of his patients from his twin brother. Thus, he showed that it is possible to transplant a foreign organ into a person, and he will live for a long time.
In 1990, the doctor was awarded the Nobel Prize. However, for a long time, experts transplanted everything except the heart. Finally, in 1967, a young woman's heart was transplanted into an elderly man. Then the patient managed to live only 18 days, but today people with donor organs and hearts live for many years.
ultrasound
Also important inventions of the last century in the field of medicine include ultrasound, without which it is very difficult to imagine treatment. In the modern world, it is difficult to find a person who would not undergo an ultrasound scan. The invention dates back to 1955. The most incredible discovery of the last century is in vitro fertilization. British scientists managed to fertilize an egg in the laboratory, and then place it in a woman's uterus. As a result, the world-famous "test tube girl" Louise Brown was born.
Great geographical discoveries of the 20th century
In the last century, Antarctica was explored in detail. Thanks to this, scientists received the most accurate data on the climatic conditions and fauna of the Antarctic. Russian academician Konstantin Markov created the world's first atlas of Antarctica. We will continue the great discoveries of the early 20th century in the field of geography with an expedition that went to the Pacific Ocean. Soviet researchers measured the deepest oceanic trench, which was called the Mariana Trench.
Nautical atlas
Later, a marine atlas was created, which made it possible to study the direction of the current, wind, determine the depth and distribution of temperature. One of the most high-profile discoveries of the last century was the discovery of Lake Vostok under a huge layer of ice in Antarctica.
As we already know, the last century was very rich in various kinds of discoveries. We can say that there has been a real breakthrough in almost all areas. The potential capabilities of scientists from all over the world have reached their maximum, thanks to which the world is currently developing by leaps and bounds. Many discoveries have become a turning point in the history of all mankind, especially in medical research.
Interesting historical facts beckon with their diversity. Thanks to them, humanity has a unique opportunity to understand what happened in a particular period of development of a nation, society and states. Facts from history are not only what we were told in school. There are many secrets from this area of knowledge.
1. Peter the Great had his own method to fight alcoholism in the country. Drunkards were awarded medals, which weighed about 7 kilograms, and they could not be removed from oneself.
2. In the days of Ancient Russia, grasshoppers were called dragonflies.
3.The national anthem of Thailand was written by a Russian composer.
5. Those who urinated in the pond were executed during the time of Genghis Khan.
7. Braids were a sign of feudalism in China.
8. The virginity of English women in Tudor times was symbolized by bracelets on their hands and a tightly tightened corset.
9. Nero, who was an emperor in ancient Rome, married his male slave.
10. In ancient times in India, mutilation of the ears was used as a punishment.
11. Arabic numerals were not invented by Arabs, but by mathematicians from India.
13. Foot binding was considered an ancient tradition of the Chinese people. The essence of this was to make the foot smaller, and therefore more feminine and beautiful.
14. Morphine was once used to reduce coughs.
15. The ancient Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun's parents were a sister and a brother.
16. Gaius Julius Caesar had the nickname "boots".
17. Elizabeth the First covered her own face with white lead and vinegar. So she hid traces of smallpox.
18. The hat of Monomakh was the symbol of the Russian tsars.
19. Pre-revolutionary Russia was considered the most non-drinking country.
20. Until the 18th century, Russia did not have a flag.
21.Since November 1941, there was a tax on childlessness in the Soviet Union. It was 6% of the total salary.
22. Help in clearing objects during the Second World War was provided by trained dogs.
23. Virtually no earthquake was recorded during large-scale nuclear tests in 1960-1990.
24. For Hitler, the main enemy was not Stalin, but Yuri Levitan. He even announced a reward of 250,000 marks for his head.
25. In the Icelandic "Saga of Hakon Hakonarson" it was said about Alexander Nevsky.
26. Fist fights have long been famous in Russia.
27. Catherine II abolished flogging for the military for same-sex contacts.
28. Only Joan of Dark managed to expel the invaders from France, who called herself the messenger of God.
29. The length of the Cossack gull, which we remember from the history of the Zaporizhzhya Sich, reached about 18 meters.
30. Genghis Khan defeated the Keraites, Merkits and Naimans.
31. By order of Emperor Augustus, in ancient Rome they did not build houses that were higher than 21 meters. This minimized the risk of being buried alive.
32. The Colosseum is considered the bloodiest place in history.
33. Alexander Nevsky had the military rank of "Khan".
34. In the days of the Russian Empire, it was allowed to carry edged weapons.
35. Soldiers in Napoleon's army addressed the generals as "you".
36. During the Roman war, soldiers lived in tents of 10 people.
37. Any touching of the emperor in Japan before World War II was blasphemy.
38. Boris and Gleb are the first Russian saints who were canonized in 1072.
39. A Red Army machine gunner with the name Semyon Konstantinovich Hitler, who was Jewish by nationality, participated in the Great Patriotic War.
40. In the old days in Russia, to clean pearls, they gave it to peck at a chicken. After that, the chicken was slaughtered, and the pearls were pulled out of her stomach.
41. From the very beginning, people who do not know how to speak Greek were called barbarians.
42. In pre-revolutionary Russia, name days for Orthodox people were a more important holiday than birthdays.
43. When England and Scotland came to an alliance, Great Britain was created.
44. After Alexander the Great brought cane sugar from one of his Indian campaigns to Greece, he immediately began to be called “Indian salt”.
45. In the 17th century, thermometers were filled not with mercury, but with cognac.
46. The Aztecs invented the first condom in the world. It was made from a fish bladder.
47. In 1983, not a single human birth was registered in the Vatican.
48. From the 9th to the 16th century in England there was a law that every man should practice archery every day.
49. When the Winter Palace was stormed, only 6 people died.
50. About 13,500 houses were destroyed in the great and famous fire of London in 1666.
In 1945, the United States created nuclear weapons. The scientists who worked on it believed that they were creating a means of protection against Nazi Germany. However, the American imperialists saw in it, first of all, a means of intimidation and the conquest of world domination. The United States not only immediately used the newly created atomic bombs to bombard Japanese cities, but also began to build up ...
After the attack on the USSR, the Nazis, brainwashed by Hitler's propaganda, were confident in their superiority over the soldiers of the Red Army. And the first successes of the Wehrmacht, it would seem, confirmed this confidence. However, they soon had to be convinced of the fallacy of their ideas. The heroic deeds of Soviet tankers helped to bring down the arrogance of the Nazi invaders. About the most outstanding episodes ...
We continue to talk about the most successful and outstanding conquerors in world history (the first part about the famous conquerors of antiquity is here). In this post - about the greatest conquerors of the Middle Ages.
Many aspired to power over the world, or at least a significant part of it, but few achieved it. In this post, we will talk about the greatest conquerors of all time, who rightfully deserve to be called such.
In any serious military conflict, the army is faced with cases of "friendly fire", when the army suffers losses from its own fire. Artillery or aviation often opens fire on their own, having incorrectly determined the coordinates of targets, or in the confusion of battle, their soldiers are mistaken for enemy soldiers. It happens that the losses from "friendly fire" are very large, for example, similar losses of the British army during ...
Since ancient times, the proverb "one in the field is not a warrior" has been known. Of course, this proverb makes sense, showing that it is possible to defeat the enemy, and indeed to achieve some great goal, only by joint efforts. But in reality - can one person fight an entire enemy army? Maybe this was proved by the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. "And one in...
With the beginning of the First World War, the warring countries quickly appreciated the usefulness of aviation. Aircraft were very useful for reconnaissance, in addition, they could bomb the enemy. But what if there are no own airfields nearby? To solve this problem, aircraft appeared that could take off from ships. Already in 1915, the British built the first full-fledged aircraft carrier, and to this day ...
The most famous attempts to create a miracle weapon are, of course, connected with Nazi Germany. In the middle of the 20th century, Germany really had a high scientific and technical potential and could conduct advanced military developments. And some new models of weapons that were effectively used during the war, the Germans managed to create. In the Third Reich, the first guided bomb appeared, the first anti-tank grenade launcher, they began to install it on tanks there ...
At all times, people have tried to create a superweapon that would give them an overwhelming superiority over the enemy and to which he could not oppose anything. In Nazi Germany, when the course of the war obviously turned against Germany, a lot of talk began about the "wunderwaffe", that is, a miracle weapon that, with its amazing effectiveness, could change the course of the war. But how…
The aggressive NATO bloc, created in 1949, was initially directed against our country. After the betrayal of the Soviet leadership and the collapse of the USSR and the socialist bloc, NATO began expansion to the east, getting closer and closer to the borders of Russia. The American imperialists were already looking forward to the collapse of the Russian army, and the NATO occupiers set foot on our soil. However, Russia did not collapse, ...
Part 1. 20s - 40s
What was called subbotnik before the advent of Soviet power?
Before the advent of Soviet power, the word "subbotnik" had a different meaning. So the high school students called the collective flogging, which was arranged for them by the authorities for misconduct committed during the school week. Corporal punishment itself was used in Russian schools until the second half of the 19th century.
Which Russian city in the 1920s lived in two time zones at once?
In the early 1920s, Novosibirsk consisted of two parts on different banks of the Ob, between which there was no automobile bridge. And since the hour meridian passed right along the river, there were two times in the city. On the left bank, the difference with Moscow was 3 hours, and on the right - 4. Although this situation did not cause much inconvenience to Novosibirsk residents, because each half lived apart, and even marriages between residents of different banks of the city were rare.
When were attempts made to translate Russian into Latin?
In the 1920s, a large-scale campaign began to translate the written language of the peoples of the USSR into Latin. By the end of the 1930s, 66 languages had been romanized, including even those that were already written in Cyrillic - Yakut and Komi. Several schemes for the Latin notation for the Russian language were also developed, but the plan did not come to fruition. And then they reversed the solution for other Soviet languages, and by 1940 almost all of them received writing based on the Cyrillic alphabet.
Where were experiments on crossing chimpanzees and humans carried out?
In the late 1920s, Professor Ilya Ivanov conducted experiments on crossing chimpanzees and humans, but did not achieve results "for" or "against" this hypothesis. The experiments were to be continued at the Sukhum Zoo, and there were even female volunteers for insemination with monkey sperm. However, due to Ivanov's arrest in 1930 and his subsequent death in 1932, the experiments were interrupted.
When and where did the Red Army and White Guards fight on the same side in the same uniform?
In 1931, an uprising of the Turkic-Muslim population broke out in the Chinese province of Xinjiang. Russian emigrants were mobilized into government troops - both the White Guards, who had lived in Xinjiang since the time of the Civil War in Russia, and those who fled from hunger and collectivization in the USSR. Two years later, the governor-general of the province, Sheng Shicai, managed to negotiate with the Soviet Union for help in suppressing the uprising. The 13th Alma-Ata regiment of the OGPU was transferred to China, the soldiers of which were dressed in White Guard uniforms. In addition, the USSR directly financed units that were already fighting, made up of Russian emigrants. Thus, the "reds" and "whites" participated in this conflict on the same side.
Which Soviet city was the capital of two republics at the same time?
The city of Vladikavkaz from 1924 to 1934 was the capital of two autonomous republics within the USSR - North Ossetian and Ingush. At the same time, the city itself was an independent administrative unit outside the composition of these republics.
Where did the word "zek" come from?
Labor armies were created in the young Soviet state. The military who committed crimes were called "prisoners of the Red Army", and in the documents this phrase was abbreviated "z / k". Later, during the construction of the White Sea Canal, this abbreviation began to be deciphered as “prisoned canal soldier”. From "z / k" the word convict came from.
What is the blue ball spinning overhead in the popular song?
In a popular song that sounded in the 1934 film Maxim's Youth, there are lines: "The blue ball is spinning, spinning, spinning overhead." The obvious illogicality of the text (what kind of ball can spin overhead?) is easily explained. In the original version of this song, which arose back in the middle of the 19th century, it was not “ball”, but “scarf” that was sung. But since the letter "f" at the junction of words at a fast pace was very difficult to sing, it was subsequently reduced.
Who was originally going to be treated with doctor's sausage?
In 1936, a new variety of sausage was developed - doctor's. The name of the sausage was explained by a special honorary "mission" - it was intended "to improve the health of persons affected by the arbitrariness of the royal court.
Why was Stakhanov forced to change his name after setting a record for coal production?
The famous Soviet miner-record holder Alexei Stakhanov was not actually called Alexei. Just right after his record for coal production, an article in the Pravda newspaper mistakenly called him that, and he had to urgently change his name and passport. What was the real name of Stakhanov, it is not known exactly - some researchers believe that Andrei, others - that Alexander.
What happened to the parents of the girl who was photographed in Stalin's arms?
The parents of Geli Markizova, who was sitting in Stalin's arms in the famous poster "Thank you Comrade Stalin for our happy childhood!", were repressed.
Why did the T-28 tank, according to the terms of reference, have to overcome lunar landscapes?
In the terms of reference for the T-28 tank, which was created in the 1930s, there is a clause according to which the tank must overcome lunar landscapes. There is no mysticism and fantasy here: the fact is that at that time the lunar landscape was called the area affected by bombing and artillery strikes. (from me - you need to think about the drawing)
Where and when was the flying tank designed and tested?
During the Second World War in the USSR, work was underway to create an aircraft based on the A-40 tank. During flight tests, the tank glider was towed by a TB-3 aircraft and was able to climb to a height of 40 meters. It was assumed that after unhooking the towing cable, the tank should independently plan to the desired point, drop the wings and immediately engage in battle. The project was closed due to the lack of more powerful tugs, which were needed to solve more important tasks.
How did the Molotov cocktail come about?
During the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939, Foreign Minister Molotov said that Soviet troops were not dropping bombs, but food supplies for the starving Finns. In Finland, such bombs were dubbed "Molotov bread baskets", and then they began to call devices with incendiary mixture against Soviet tanks "Molotov Cocktail". We have shortened the name of such a weapon to simply “Molotov Cocktail”.
How were Soviet tractors used in World War II as combat units?
At the beginning of the Second World War, the USSR experienced a large shortage of tanks, and therefore it was decided in emergency cases to convert ordinary tractors into tanks. So, during the defense of Odessa from the Romanian units besieging the city, 20 similar “tanks” sheathed with armor sheets were thrown into battle. The main stake was placed on the psychological effect: the attack was carried out at night with the headlights and sirens turned on, and the Romanians fled. For such cases, as well as the fact that dummies of heavy guns were often installed on these machines, the soldiers nicknamed them NI-1, which stands for "Fright".
When was the childlessness tax introduced?
In the USSR, since November 1941, there was a tax on childlessness, which amounted to 6% of the salary. It was paid by childless men from 20 to 50 years old and childless married women from 20 to 45 years old.
Why is the story of the feat of 28 Panfilov heroes just a legend?
In Soviet literature and textbooks, the story of 28 Panfilov heroes was widely presented, who, during the German offensive on Moscow in 1941, accomplished a feat, destroying 18 enemy tanks at the cost of their own lives. Later, the military prosecutor's office of the USSR recognized this version as a literary fiction, since not a single documentary evidence of such a battle was found, although the fact of heavy battles of the 316th rifle division against two enemy tank divisions in this sector of the front is beyond doubt. The legendary phrase of political instructor Klochkov, who was one of the 28 Panfilovites - “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - behind Moscow” - also turned out to be a fiction composed by a journalist from the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper.
Who and when tried to swim on a submarine with a sail?
In 1942, the Soviet submarine Shch-421 was blown up by a German anti-submarine mine, losing its course and the ability to dive. So that the ship would not be blown to the shore of the enemy, it was decided to sew a sail and raise it on the periscope. However, it was no longer possible to sail to the base on a sail, just as it was not even possible to tow the submarine with the help of other ships. After the appearance of German torpedo boats, the crew was evacuated, and the submarine was flooded.
Why did Stalin give Roosevelt a copy of the film "Volga, Volga"?
In 1942, Stalin invited the US ambassador to watch the film "Volga, Volga" with him. Tom liked the film, and Stalin gave President Roosevelt a copy of the film through him. Roosevelt watched the film and did not understand why Stalin sent him. Then he asked to translate the lyrics. When a song dedicated to the Sevryuga steamship sounded: “America gave Russia a steamboat: / Steam from the bow, wheels behind, / Both terrible and terrible, / And terribly quiet running,” he exclaimed: “Now it’s clear! Stalin reproaches us for a quiet move, for the fact that we still have not opened a second front.
Who did Hitler consider his main enemy in the USSR?
Hitler considered his main enemy in the USSR not Stalin, but the announcer Yuri Levitan. For his head, he announced a reward of 250 thousand marks. The Soviet authorities closely guarded Levitan, and misinformation about his appearance was launched through the press.
On which side in World War II, besides the Third Reich, did Hitler fight?
The Red Army machine gunner Semyon Konstantinovich Hitler, a Jew by nationality, took part in the Great Patriotic War. The award sheet has been preserved, according to which Hitler was presented to the medal "For Military Merit" for the accomplishment of a feat. True, the database "Feat of the People" reports that the medal "For Courage" was awarded to Semyon Konstantinovich Gitlev - the surname was accidentally or intentionally changed, it is not known.
Why did St. Isaac's Cathedral almost not suffer in the war?
During the years of the Great Patriotic War, St. Isaac's Cathedral was never subjected to direct shelling - only once a shell hit the western corner of the cathedral. According to the assumptions of the military, the reason is that the Germans used the highest dome of the city as a reference point for shooting. It is not known whether the city leadership was guided by this assumption when they decided to hide valuables from other museums in the basement of the cathedral, which they did not manage to take out before the blockade began. But as a result, both the building and the values were safely preserved.
Why at the Victory Parade on June 24, 1945, one dog was carried in the arms on a Stalinist overcoat?
During the Second World War, trained dogs actively helped sappers clear mines. One of them, nicknamed Dzhulbars, discovered 7468 mines and more than 150 shells while clearing mines in European countries in the last year of the war. Shortly before the Victory Parade in Moscow on June 24, Dzhulbars was wounded and could not pass as part of the military dog school. Then Stalin ordered to carry the dog across Red Square on his overcoat.
How did the gift of Soviet schoolchildren to the American ambassador in 1945 help our special services?
In 1945, Soviet schoolchildren presented the American ambassador with a wooden panel made of precious woods depicting the US coat of arms. Neither the schoolchildren nor the ambassador knew that a listening device was installed in the panel, the design of which was developed by Lev Theremin. The "bug" was so well hidden that the American intelligence services did not notice anything, and the Soviets listened in on conversations in the ambassador's office for another 8 years. After the discovery, the device was presented to the UN as evidence of the intelligence activities of the USSR, but the principle of its
actions remained unsolved for several years.
Which village is the birthplace of two marshals and twelve generals?
The Armenian village of Chardakhly, located in Azerbaijan, is the birthplace of two marshals, twelve generals and seven Heroes of the Soviet Union.
What military leader was the marshal of two different states?
Konstantin Rokossovsky, a Pole by nationality, had the ranks of Marshal of the USSR and Marshal of Poland.
Original- http://polemika.com.ua/news-105141.html