Map of Western Siberia with settlements. Detailed map of Siberia with cities and regions. Description of the region

The fact that Siberia is part of the territory Russian Federation(and most of it), everyone knows. And they heard about her untold riches, and about the beauties, and about the significance for the country - most likely, too. But where Siberia is exactly, many find it difficult to answer. Even Russians will not always be able to show it on the map, not to mention foreigners. And the more difficult will be the question of where is Western Siberia, and where is its eastern part.

Geographic location of Siberia

Siberia is a region that combines many administrative-territorial units of Russia - regions, republics, autonomous regions and territories. Its total area is about 13 million square kilometers, which is 77 percent of the entire territory of the country. A small part of Siberia belongs to Kazakhstan.

To understand where Siberia is located, you need to take a map, find it on it and “walk” from them east to the very Pacific Ocean(the path will be approximately 7 thousand km). And then find the Arctic Ocean and descend "from its shores" to the north of Kazakhstan and to the borders with Mongolia and China (3.5 thousand km).

It is within these limits that Siberia is located, which occupies the northeastern part of the Eurasian continent. In the west it ends at the foot of the Ural Mountains, in the east it is limited to the Oceanic Ranges. The north of Mother Siberia "flows" into the Arctic Ocean, and the south rests on the rivers: Lena, Yenisei and Ob.

And all this space, rich in natural resources and untraveled paths, is usually divided into Western Siberia and Eastern Siberia.

Where is Geographical location

The western part of Siberia extends from the Ural Mountains to the Yenisei River for 1500-1900 kilometers. Its length is slightly more - 2500 km. And the total area is almost 2.5 million square kilometers (15% of the territory of the Russian Federation).

Most of it lies on West Siberian Plain. It covers such regions of the Russian Federation as Kurgan, Tyumen, Omsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk (partially). It also includes the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Altai Territory, the Republic of Altai, Khakassia and the western part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Where is Eastern Siberia located? Features of the territorial location

Most of Siberia is called Eastern. Its territory covers about seven million square kilometers. It stretches east from the Yenisei River to rock formations separating the Arctic and Pacific oceans.

The northernmost point of Eastern Siberia is considered and the southern limit is the border with China and Mongolia.

This part is located mainly on and covers the Taimyr Territory, Yakutia, Tungus, Irkutsk Region, Buryatia, and also Transbaikalia.

Thus, the answer to the question of where Siberia is located has been received, and finding it on the map will not be a problem. It remains to supplement theoretical knowledge with practical ones and find out what Siberia is on personal experience traveler.

Russian Cossacks began to penetrate beyond the Urals in the 15th century. And already in the 16th century, the Tatar Khanate, located at the confluence of the Irtysh and Tobol rivers, paid tribute to Ivan the Terrible. And the tsar in 1570, in a letter to the English queen, called himself “Sovereign of Pskov, and Grand Duke Smolensk, Tver, Chernigov ... and all the Siberian lands”, that is, Siberia was already known not only in Russia, but also abroad.

Siberia in the Middle Ages

In the XV century, according to the drawings of Siberian Tatarstan by the Italian Cardinal Stefan Borgia, Siberia was located on the eastern bank of the Volga. On the map of the Venetian monk Fra Mauro in 1459, the "Province of Siberia" occupied a place in the upper reaches of the Kama and Vyatka. Of course, the Italian maps looked like fantastic illustrations, they did not contain any details, but they can be used to judge the idea of ​​​​Europeans about a large, distant and wild country.

On Russian maps of the 15th century, Siberia is depicted on the lands of the Tatar Khanate, which includes northern Kazakhstan and the lands of modern Sverdlovsk, Kurgan, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen and Omsk regions.

Russian "drawings"

The first Russian map "Drawing of the Siberian land" was made in 1667 by the governor of Tobolsk, Pyotr Godunov. The north on the "Drawing" was at the bottom, the south was at the top, the rivers were depicted schematically, and the distances were measured by "horse riding days." The Ob basin was shown in detail, and the Lena flowed into the "sea" in the east. Five years later, an improved version appeared - "Drawing of all Siberia to the Chinese kingdom", that is, the territory of Siberia now ran to China.

More detailed map compiled by the cartographer Semyon Remizov in 1697; on it, Siberia began beyond the Volga and ended in Kamchatka in the east, in the north it was washed by the Mangazeya and Arctic seas, and in the south it bordered on by the Aral Sea, "Kalmyk nomads" and the Chinese kingdom. The east coast and the north were drawn in detail on the map - the mouths of the Lena and Kolyma rivers, the lands of the Tungus, the possessions of the "shamans", the Amur and Korea were indicated. So in late XVII Siberia stretched from the Volga to the Pacific Ocean and from the Arctic Ocean to the Aral Sea.

At first Siberia grew

Over time, the idea changed: in the west, the border of Siberia moved to the Urals, and in late XVIII century, when the Perm province was created, geographers limited Siberia to the eastern borders of the Perm and Tobolsk provinces.

In 1822, at the initiative of the governor Mikhail Speransky, Siberia was divided into two governorates - West Siberian and East Siberian, and this forever divided Siberia into two parts. Western Siberia of the 19th century included Tobolsk and Tomsk provinces, Omsk region and part of Kazakhstan, while Eastern Siberia extended to the ocean and consisted of the territories of the Yenisei basin, Angara, Transbaikalia, Buryatia, Chukotka, Kamchatka and Yakutia.

And then it decreased

After the Amur and Ussuri regions were annexed, a new region appeared in the minds of people - the Far East, and Siberia began to decrease: by turn of XIX and XX centuries, the Siberian lands began to be attributed to the Far East. According to the works of the ethnographer Nikolai Yadrintsev, in the 19th century Siberia included the lands of modern Kurgan and Tyumen regions with the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the west and the lands of Transbaikalia, the Amur region and Yakutia in the east. Its area occupied more than 12,000,000 square meters. km or 73% of the country's territory.

In the 20th century, in the era Soviet Union, Siberia included administrative units from Omsk to Baikal, and in the south it was limited in 1936 by the Kazakh ASSR.

The geographers of the late USSR considered the Sverdlovsk and Kurgan regions to be the Urals, and the rest of the territories up to Baikal itself were considered Siberia, which was still divided into Western and Eastern, while Yakutia was singled out as a separate entity. Buryatia, the Chita region (Transbaikalia) and the republics also became separate subjects.

Modern geography

Ten years after the collapse of the USSR, the government divided the country into administrative districts, which again influenced the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bRussians about Siberia: now the Tyumen region is also referred to the Urals - it is called the Ural region, and Siberia is limited to the Siberian Federal District, which includes 12 regions of Russia: from Omsk region to Transbaikalia. Now the area of ​​Siberia is 5,144,953 sq. km. 19,326,196 people or 13.16% of the country's population live there. However, despite the fact that there are 132 large cities in Siberia, and three of them are millionaires (Omsk, Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk), the population density is four people per square kilometer. km.

Russian science has not yet decided on single designation Siberia. AT school curriculum, for example, it is something between traditional representations and modern administrative divisions.

A detailed map of the largest region - Siberia with its cities and regions, includes regional centers, urban settlements and autonomous entities, which are also subjects of the Russian Federation.

It is considered the richest territory, which has huge reserves of minerals, among which natural gas, coal, manganese, potash, uranium, iron ores, gold, oil.

A map of Siberia with cities and regions, its total geographical area is at least 12 million 578 thousand square meters. km. If we include the lands of the Far East, then this figure is doubled. In relation to the rest of the Russian Federation, Siberia makes up at least 74% of the entire area of ​​the state.

For better orientation and symbols- this region is divided into its natural areas, namely:

Most of the largest rivers in Russia, Europe and Asia in terms of area, length and full flow flow in the Siberian region:

• Amur;
• Irtysh;
• Yenisei;
• Lena;
• Angara.

Among the lake reservoirs, one can single out Baikal, which is the natural heritage of the country, which has no analogues in world geography. The highest mountain peak in the region is Mount Belukha (4.5 thousand m), which is located in the high mountainous part of Altai.

Regions of the Siberian Federal District

Map of Siberia with cities and regions, its administrative structure, includes the standard division into regional centers with the definition of their territorial boundaries, as well as subjects of the Russian Federation that have the status of a republic.

Below are all the regions of this district:

• Omsk region- a territorial entity, where about 1.9 million people live, and its area is 14 thousand square meters. km.
• Kemerovo region- a region of Siberia where active coal mining is carried out, iron ore, most of the objects of the metallurgical industry are concentrated.
• Tomsk region- the population is just over 1 million people, and the territory of the region is covered with dense taiga forests.
• Novosibirsk region - the industrial part of the Russian Federation with a numerical population of 2.7 million people, which continues to grow steadily.
• Altai region- the capital of the territorial formation - Barnaul, and total population - 2.35 million people.
• Irkutsk region- the southeastern part of Siberia, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich is 774 square meters. km.
• Krasnoyarsk region - is one of largest regions of its type, located in the eastern part of Siberia.
• The Republic of Khakassia- the capital of Abakan, the total area of ​​the subject is 61.5 km2. sq., population - 537 thousand people.
• Tyva Republic- occupies 0.98% of the entire area of ​​the Russian state.

All administrative units of Siberia are represented by local authorities in the form of city administrations.

Republican entities have a president, head of government and chairman of the local council, with separation of the judicial, legislative, and executive branches of government. All of them are integrated into the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Cities of the Siberian Federal District

The map of Siberia with cities and regions of the Russian Federation is represented by the following large, medium and small settlements of this type:

• Omsk;
• Miner;
• Spring;
• Krasnoyarsk;
• Novoaltaisk;
• Ulan-Ude;
• Barnaul;
• Babushkin;
• Severobaikalsk;
• Irkutsk;
• Slavgorod;
• Kyakhta;
• Novokuznetsk;
• Gusinoozersk;
• Krasnokamensk;
• Novosibirsk;
• Greyhound;
• Shilka;
• Tomsk;
• Nerchinsk;
• Khilok;
• Kemerovo;
• Biryusinsk;
• Winter;
• Bratsk;
• Sayansk;
• Tulun;
• Angarsk;
• Alzamay;
• Svirsk;
• Prokopyevsk;
• Kirensk;
• Cheremkhovo;
• Biysk;
• Usolye-Siberian;
• Nizhneudensk;
• Abakan;
• Slyudyanka;
• Yurga;
• Berezovsky;
• Rubtsovsk;
• Belovo;
• Shelekhov;
• Norilsk;
• Kaltan;
• Mogocha;
• Achinsk;
• Taishet;
• Kiselevsk;
• Seversk;
• toes;
• Taiga;
• Kyzyl;
• Kaltan;
• Ust-Ilimsk;
• Chita.

In large cities and settlements of regional subordination, there is annual growth population. The birth rate per 1000 people prevails over the death rate. Smaller cities, where the population is less than 100 thousand inhabitants, show a negative trend in the birth rate. It affects the socio-economic situation, as well as natural migration of the population.

Western Siberia

A map of Siberia allows you to explore in more detail this part RF with its cities and regions, learn about the physical and geographical characteristics, viz.

Tyumen region

The capital of the region is Tyumen, which in the ranking of the standard of living takes 3rd place relative to all other large urban settlements in Russia.

On the territory of the Siberian region is the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, which produces the main part of oil and gas for export. The largest and richest region of the Russian Federation, which is part of the Urals district.

Omsk region

A region with a developed economy, next to which are the Tyumen and Tomsk regions.

In the southern part of the subject formation there is a border with the Republic of Kazakhstan. The climate is continental. Flora is mainly represented by taiga forests, there are zones of steppe plains, swampy areas. The most full-flowing river is the Irtysh.

Kurgan region

Included in the Ural federal district. There are at least 3 thousand lakes and other water bodies in the region. 16% of all uranium ore reserves are concentrated, which are mined by open pit and mine methods.

Climatic conditions belong to the continental type with long frosty winters and short but hot summers. Most of the territory of the region is located on the banks of the Tobol River.

Kemerovo region

The map of Siberia, with cities and regions, contains a mining region, which has the second name Kuzbass. The numerical population of the region is constantly growing, which is associated with a favorable socio-economic situation, the presence a large number industrial enterprises providing high employment.

To date, there are about 2.7 million inhabitants of the region, of which 1.6% are infected with HIV. According to these medical indicators, the region is in 3rd place in relation to other subjects of the Russian Federation.

Tomsk region

The region is a flat area of ​​the territory, which is mostly covered with dense forests. conifers.

Interesting fact that by total area the region is larger than the Republic of Poland, and in terms of population it is 35 times less (1 million people). About 63% of the area is taiga, and 29% are impenetrable swamps, among which the largest in the world - Vasyugan.

Novosibirsk region

The region is located simultaneously in 3 physical-geographical zones - forest, steppe and taiga. There are more than 3 thousand salt, fresh and mineral lakes in the region, where the salt concentration is so high that the water acquires a bitter taste.

The climate is continental with a severe winter that lasts 1.5 months longer than the calendar season. One fifth of the region is covered with impenetrable forests.

Altai region

The capital of the territorial subject is Barnaul. The region was founded in September 1937. In the south it borders on the Republic of Kazakhstan. The climatic conditions of the region are diverse and depend on the relief, as well as the direction of the winds.

The lowland part of the region is characterized by a temperate continental climate, while the mountainous regions are classified as sharply continental climatic conditions.

Winters are always harsh and cold, while summers are humid and hot. large quantity precipitation. August 29 is considered the last summer day, after which the first frosts may appear.

Eastern Siberia

Below are General characteristics subjects of the Russian Federation located in the eastern part of the physical and geographical region:

Irkutsk region

It is also referred to as the Baikal region. Since the beginning of the 90s, the enterprises of the region have been modernized.

The region has become important industrial center, which provides RF electrical energy produced at hydroelectric power stations, oil products, aluminum, coal, high-tech products obtained by organic synthesis. By level economic development the region is ahead of most other regions of Siberia.

The Republic of Buryatia

The capital of this subject of the Russian Federation is Ulan-Ude. The area of ​​the republic is 351 thousand square meters. km. This is 2% of the whole of Russia. The total population size is just under 1 million people. The density of settlement is extremely low, since per 1 sq. km. 2.8 people live.

This is due to the harsh climate, a large number of taiga forests and swamps. The indigenous peoples of the republic are the Buryats, who belong to the Mongolian ethnic group.

Zabaykalsky Krai

A young region, which was formed on March 1, 2008 as a result of a referendum on the merger of the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Region and the Chita Regional Center. The region itself is located on Far East.

The region is dominated Mountain peaks, which form protracted ridges. There are plains and forest-steppe zones. The region is considered to be very full-flowing, as more than 40,000 large, medium and shallow rivers are concentrated in it.

Krasnoyarsk region

Date of formation - December 7, 1934. It has large reserves of non-ferrous metal ores, hydropower potential. Most of the enterprises of the metallurgical industry, which were built during the Soviet Union, are concentrated on the territory of the region.

In terms of the production of this type of products, the Krasnoyarsk Territory is the leader among other regions of Russia (3.2% per 1 inhabitant). The main direction of production is the production of copper, aluminum, ferroalloys, nickel, cobalt, platinum group metals.

The Republic of Khakassia

The capital of this subject of the Russian state is the city of Abakan. The number of inhabitants is 537 thousand people and is constantly decreasing. The death rate prevails over the birth rate. During the Soviet era, starting from the 40s, Khakassia was actively populated by repressed Ukrainians and Germans. The republic consists of steppe, high-mountain and taiga parts.

The height of the Sayan Mountains reaches 2000 m. These geological heights occupy 2/3 of the republic. The climate is characterized by severe winters and cold summers, the temperature of which is in the range of 17-18 degrees Celsius. There are over 500 deep water lakes in the republic. The total length of the rivers is 8000 m.

Tyva Republic

The capital of the region is Kyzyl. The total number of inhabitants is 321 thousand people, and continues to grow at a rapid pace. The state border with Mongolia passes in the south of the republic. Tuva is a mountainous region, where hills and gorges occupy 80% of the total area. The rest of the land is a steppe with poor vegetation.

The main water artery is the Yenisei. The climate of the republic is sharply continental. In winter, the temperature drops to -40, and in summer it reaches +35 degrees Celsius.

Geographic map Siberia, on which its regions with cities are indicated, makes it possible to study in detail the physical and geographical characteristics of the region, to obtain useful information about the structure of this part of the Russian Federation, because it is a strategically important socio-economic region of the country, providing filling state budget.

Article formatting: Lozinsky Oleg

Video about the map of Siberia

The beauty and grandeur of Siberia in the Russian Federation:

Siberia is a gigantic territory of Russia located beyond the Urals. The Ural Range itself is the dividing line that cuts off Russian Europe from Siberia.

Siberia. Borders

During the time of the Mongols, all this territory was captured by the great Mongolia. But, in essence, the territory was always very uncrowded. This is not surprising - nomadic life in the steppes was harsh and dangerous. And in the forests it was not possible to feed on a small plot, since the hunters directly depended on animals and fish.

Other interesting maps of Russia can be found in our articles:

When the Mongol empire crumbled into feudal territories, they were gradually taken over by the Russian tsars. First, the Cossack Ermak Timofeevich conquered for the king the capital of the Siberian Khanate, which was called Siberia. The tsar took Siberia under his hand and appointed tribute in furs. However, the distribution in breadth went later. Russian weapons in Siberia were guaranteed protection against nomads, because the local rulers willingly went under the arm of the Russian tsar.

For protection, strongholds were created - prisons, in which a military contingent with weapons and supplies was placed. They conducted patrol service in remote areas. Subsequently, many of them developed into big cities. Today, Siberia is the richest and vast territory, however, for the most part, wealth is seasoned with a harsh climate and bad lands. But, in reality, there are not many regions in Russia that are lucky because Krasnodar Territory, or Tatarstan.