Monstrous historical facts about concentration camps. Nazi medicine: inhuman experiments on humans
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blood clotting experiments
Dr. Sigmund Rascher performed blood clotting experiments on prisoners in the Dachau concentration camp. He created a drug, Polygal, which included beets and apple pectin. He believed that these pills could help stop bleeding from battle wounds or during surgical operations.
Each subject was given a tablet of the drug and shot in the neck or chest to test its effectiveness. The limbs were then amputated without anesthesia. Dr. Rascher created a company to produce these pills, which also employed prisoners.
Experiments with sulfa drugs
In the Ravensbrück concentration camp, the effectiveness of sulfonamides (or sulfanilamide preparations) was tested on prisoners. Subjects were given incisions on the outside of their calves. The doctors then rubbed the mixture of bacteria into the open wounds and stitched them up. To simulate combat situations, glass fragments were also brought into the wounds.
However, this method turned out to be too mild compared to the conditions at the fronts. For modeling wounds from firearms the blood vessels were ligated on both sides to stop blood circulation. Then the prisoners were given sulfa drugs. Despite the advances made in the scientific and pharmaceutical fields through these experiments, the prisoners experienced terrible pain that led to severe injury or even death.
Freezing and Hypothermia Experiments
The German armies were ill-prepared for the cold that they faced on the Eastern Front and from which thousands of soldiers died. As a result, Dr. Sigmund Rascher conducted experiments in Birkenau, Auschwitz and Dachau to find out two things: the time required for the body temperature to drop and death, and methods for reviving frozen people.
Naked prisoners were either placed in a barrel of ice water, or driven out into the street when sub-zero temperatures. Most of the victims died. Those who only fainted were subjected to painful resuscitation procedures. Subjects were placed under lamps to revive them. sunlight, which burned their skin, forced them to copulate with women, injected boiling water inside or placed in baths with warm water(which turned out to be the most effective method).
Experiments with firebombs
For three months in 1943 and 1944, Buchenwald prisoners were tested for the effectiveness of pharmaceutical preparations against phosphorus burns caused by incendiary bombs. The test subjects were specially burned with a phosphorus composition from these bombs, which was a very painful procedure. Prisoners were seriously injured during these experiments.
sea water experiments
Experiments were conducted on Dachau prisoners to find ways to turn sea water into drinking water. The test subjects were divided into four groups, whose members did without water, drank sea water, drank Burke-treated seawater, and drank seawater without salt.
Subjects were given food and drink assigned to their group. Prisoners who received some form of seawater eventually suffered from severe diarrhea, convulsions, hallucinations, went insane, and eventually died.
In addition, the subjects were subjected to needle biopsy of the liver or lumbar punctures to collect data. These procedures were painful and in most cases ended in death.
Experiments with poisons
In Buchenwald, experiments were carried out on the effects of poisons on people. In 1943, poisons were secretly administered to prisoners.
Some died themselves from poisoned food. Others were killed for the sake of an autopsy. A year later, poisoned bullets were fired at the prisoners to speed up data collection. These test subjects experienced terrible torment.
Experiments with sterilization
As part of the extermination of all non-Aryans, Nazi doctors conducted experiments on mass sterilization on prisoners from various concentration camps in search of the least laborious and most cheap method sterilization.
In one series of experiments, a chemical irritant was injected into the reproductive organs of women to block the fallopian tubes. Some women have died after this procedure. Other women were killed for autopsies.
In a number of other experiments, prisoners were subjected to intense X-ray radiation, which led to severe burns on the abdomen, groin and buttocks. They were also left with incurable ulcers. Some test subjects died.
Bone, muscle and nerve regeneration and bone grafting experiments
For about a year, experiments were carried out on the prisoners of Ravensbrück to regenerate bones, muscles and nerves. Nerve surgery included the removal of segments of nerves from lower parts limbs.
Bone experiments included breaking and repositioning bones in several places on the lower extremities. Fractures were not allowed to heal properly as doctors needed to study the healing process as well as test various methods healing.
Doctors also removed numerous fragments of the tibia from the test subjects to study bone regeneration. Bone grafts included transplanting fragments of the left tibia to the right and vice versa. These experiments caused unbearable pain and severe injuries to the prisoners.
Experiments with typhus
From the end of 1941 to the beginning of 1945, doctors conducted experiments on the prisoners of Buchenwald and Natzweiler in the interests of the German armed forces. They were testing vaccines for typhus and other diseases.
Approximately 75% of test subjects were injected with trial typhoid or other vaccines. chemical substances. They were injected with a virus. As a result, more than 90% of them died.
The remaining 25% of the test subjects were injected with the virus without any prior protection. Most of them did not survive. Physicians also conducted experiments related to yellow fever, smallpox, typhoid, and other diseases. Hundreds of prisoners died, and more prisoners suffered unbearable pain as a result.
Twin experiments and genetic experiments
The purpose of the Holocaust was the elimination of all people of non-Aryan origin. Jews, blacks, Hispanics, homosexuals and other people who did not meet certain requirements were to be exterminated so that only the "superior" Aryan race remained. Genetic experiments were carried out to provide the Nazi Party scientific evidence the superiority of the Aryans.
Dr. Josef Mengele (also known as the "Angel of Death") had a strong interest in the twins. He separated them from the rest of the prisoners when they entered Auschwitz. The twins had to donate blood every day. The real purpose of this procedure is unknown.
The experiments with twins were extensive. They were to be carefully examined and every centimeter of their body measured. After that, comparisons were made to determine hereditary traits. Sometimes doctors performed mass blood transfusions from one twin to the other.
Since people of Aryan origin mostly had blue eyes, experiments were carried out to create them with chemical drops or injections into the iris of the eye. These procedures were very painful and led to infections and even blindness.
Injections and lumbar punctures were done without anesthesia. One twin deliberately contracted the disease, and the other did not. If one twin died, the other twin was killed and studied for comparison.
Amputations and removals of organs were also performed without anesthesia. Most of the twins who ended up in the concentration camp died in one way or another, and their autopsies were the last experiments.
Experiments with high altitudes
From March to August 1942, the prisoners of the Dachau concentration camp were used as experimental subjects in experiments to test human endurance at high altitudes. The results of these experiments were to help the German air force.
Subjects were placed in a low-pressure chamber in which atmospheric conditions at altitudes up to 21,000 meters. Most of the test subjects died, and the survivors suffered from various injuries from being at high altitudes.
Experiments with malaria
Over the course of more than three years, more than 1,000 Dachau prisoners were used in a series of experiments related to the search for a cure for malaria. Healthy prisoners were infected by mosquitoes or extracts from these mosquitoes.
Prisoners who contracted malaria were then treated with various drugs to test their effectiveness. Many prisoners died. The surviving prisoners suffered greatly and were mostly disabled for the rest of their lives.
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We can all agree that the Nazis did terrible things during World War II. The Holocaust was perhaps their most famous crime. But in the concentration camps, terrible and inhuman things happened that most people did not know about. The camp inmates were used as test subjects in many experiments that were very painful and usually resulted in death.
blood clotting experiments
Dr. Sigmund Rascher performed blood clotting experiments on prisoners in the Dachau concentration camp. He created a drug, Polygal, which included beets and apple pectin. He believed that these pills could help stop bleeding from battle wounds or during surgical operations.Each subject was given a tablet of the drug and shot in the neck or chest to test its effectiveness. The limbs were then amputated without anesthesia. Dr. Rascher created a company to produce these pills, which also employed prisoners.
Experiments with sulfa drugs
In the Ravensbrück concentration camp, the effectiveness of sulfonamides (or sulfanilamide preparations) was tested on prisoners. Subjects were given incisions on the outside of their calves. The doctors then rubbed the mixture of bacteria into the open wounds and stitched them up. To simulate combat situations, glass fragments were also brought into the wounds.
However, this method turned out to be too mild compared to the conditions at the fronts. To simulate gunshot wounds, blood vessels were tied off on both sides to cut off blood circulation. Then the prisoners were given sulfa drugs. Despite the advances made in the scientific and pharmaceutical fields through these experiments, the prisoners experienced terrible pain that led to severe injury or even death.
Freezing and Hypothermia Experiments
The German armies were ill-prepared for the cold that they faced on the Eastern Front and from which thousands of soldiers died. As a result, Dr. Sigmund Rascher conducted experiments in Birkenau, Auschwitz and Dachau to find out two things: the time required for the body temperature to drop and death, and methods for reviving frozen people.
Naked prisoners were either placed in a barrel of ice water, or driven out into the street in sub-zero temperatures. Most of the victims died. Those who only fainted were subjected to painful resuscitation procedures. To revive the subjects, they were placed under lamps of sunlight, which burned their skin, forced to copulate with women, injected with boiling water or placed in baths of warm water (which turned out to be the most effective method).
Experiments with firebombs
For three months in 1943 and 1944, Buchenwald prisoners were tested for the effectiveness of pharmaceutical preparations against phosphorus burns caused by incendiary bombs. The test subjects were specially burned with a phosphorus composition from these bombs, which was a very painful procedure. Prisoners were seriously injured during these experiments.sea water experiments
Experiments were conducted on Dachau prisoners to find ways to turn sea water into drinking water. The subjects were divided into four groups, whose members went without water, drank sea water, drank sea water treated according to the Burke method, and drank sea water without salt.
Subjects were given food and drink assigned to their group. Prisoners who received some form of seawater eventually suffered from severe diarrhea, convulsions, hallucinations, went insane, and eventually died.
In addition, the subjects were subjected to needle biopsy of the liver or lumbar punctures to collect data. These procedures were painful and in most cases ended in death.
Experiments with poisons
In Buchenwald, experiments were carried out on the effects of poisons on people. In 1943, poisons were secretly administered to prisoners.
Some died themselves from poisoned food. Others were killed for the sake of an autopsy. A year later, poisoned bullets were fired at the prisoners to speed up data collection. These test subjects experienced terrible torment.
Experiments with sterilization
As part of the extermination of all non-Aryans, Nazi doctors conducted mass sterilization experiments on prisoners from various concentration camps in search of the least laborious and cheapest method of sterilization.
In one series of experiments, a chemical irritant was injected into the reproductive organs of women to block the fallopian tubes. Some women have died after this procedure. Other women were killed for autopsies.
In a number of other experiments, prisoners were subjected to intense X-ray radiation, which led to severe burns on the abdomen, groin and buttocks. They were also left with incurable ulcers. Some test subjects died.
Bone, muscle and nerve regeneration and bone grafting experiments
For about a year, experiments were carried out on the prisoners of Ravensbrück to regenerate bones, muscles and nerves. Nerve surgeries included the removal of segments of nerves from the lower limbs.
Bone experiments included breaking and repositioning bones in several places on the lower extremities. Fractures were not allowed to heal properly as doctors needed to study the healing process and also test different healing methods.
Doctors also removed numerous fragments of the tibia from the test subjects to study bone regeneration. Bone grafts included transplanting fragments of the left tibia to the right and vice versa. These experiments caused unbearable pain and severe injuries to the prisoners.
Experiments with typhus
From the end of 1941 until the beginning of 1945, doctors conducted experiments on the prisoners of Buchenwald and Natzweiler in the interests of the German armed forces. They were testing vaccines for typhus and other diseases.
Approximately 75% of test subjects were injected with trial typhoid vaccines or other chemicals. They were injected with a virus. As a result, more than 90% of them died.
The remaining 25% of the test subjects were injected with the virus without any prior protection. Most of them did not survive. Physicians also conducted experiments related to yellow fever, smallpox, typhoid, and other diseases. Hundreds of prisoners died, and more prisoners suffered unbearable pain as a result.
Twin experiments and genetic experiments
The purpose of the Holocaust was the elimination of all people of non-Aryan origin. Jews, blacks, Hispanics, homosexuals and other people who did not meet certain requirements were to be exterminated so that only the "superior" Aryan race remained. Genetic experiments were carried out to provide the Nazi Party with scientific proof of the superiority of the Aryans.
Dr. Josef Mengele (also known as the "Angel of Death") had a strong interest in the twins. He separated them from the rest of the prisoners when they entered Auschwitz. The twins had to donate blood every day. The real purpose of this procedure is unknown.
The experiments with twins were extensive. They were to be carefully examined and every centimeter of their body measured. After that, comparisons were made to determine hereditary traits. Sometimes doctors performed mass blood transfusions from one twin to the other.
Since people of Aryan origin mostly had blue eyes, experiments were carried out to create them with chemical drops or injections into the iris of the eye. These procedures were very painful and led to infections and even blindness.
Injections and lumbar punctures were done without anesthesia. One twin deliberately contracted the disease, and the other did not. If one twin died, the other twin was killed and studied for comparison.
Amputations and removals of organs were also performed without anesthesia. Most of the twins who ended up in the concentration camp died in one way or another, and their autopsies were the last experiments.
Experiments with high altitudes
From March to August 1942, the prisoners of the Dachau concentration camp were used as experimental subjects in experiments to test human endurance at high altitudes. The results of these experiments were to help the German air force.
The test subjects were placed in a low pressure chamber, which created atmospheric conditions at altitudes up to 21,000 meters. Most of the test subjects died, and the survivors suffered from various injuries from being at high altitudes.
Experiments with malaria
Over the course of more than three years, more than 1,000 Dachau prisoners were used in a series of experiments related to the search for a cure for malaria. Healthy prisoners were infected by mosquitoes or extracts from these mosquitoes.
Prisoners who contracted malaria were then treated with various drugs to test their effectiveness. Many prisoners died. The surviving prisoners suffered greatly and were mostly disabled for the rest of their lives.
Many people love horror stories and the shorter they are, the more effective and more terrifying. After all, even two sentences are enough to be scared to death. I suggest reading 32 short scary stories. Now your imagination will scare the hell out of you!
1. I put the child to bed, and he says to me: "Daddy, check the monsters under the bed." I look under the bed to calm him down, and I see my child there, who looks at me with horror and a trembling voice says: "Dad, there is someone else in my bed."
2. Doctors told the patient that phantom pains are possible after amputation. But no one warned of how the cold fingers of the amputated hand would scratch the other.
3. I can't move, breathe, speak or hear - it's dark all the time. If I knew, it would be better to ask to be cremated.
4. I woke up because I heard a knock on the glass. At first I thought that someone was knocking on my window, but then I heard another knock... from the mirror.
5. They celebrated their first success cryogenic freezing. But the patient had no way of showing them that he was still conscious.
6. She could not understand why she casts two shadows. After all, there was only one lamp in the room.
7. A smiling face stared at me from the darkness outside my bedroom window. I live on the 14th floor.
8. In the morning I found a photograph of myself sleeping on my phone. I live alone.
9. I just saw my reflection in the mirror winking at me.
10. I am working on the night shift and suddenly I see a face that looks directly into the surveillance camera under the ceiling.
11. The dummies were delivered wrapped in bubble wrap. I hear from another room how someone began to burst them.
12. You woke up. And she is not.
13. She asked me why I sighed so heavily. But I didn't sigh.
14. You came home after a long day at work and already dream of relaxing alone. You are looking for a switch with your hand, but you feel someone's hand.
15. My daughter always cries and screams in the middle of the night. I visited her grave and asked her to stop, but it didn't help.
16. Day 312. The Internet is still not working.
17. You have already begun to fall asleep strong restful sleep when suddenly you hear: someone whispered your name. Do you live alone.
18. As usual, I kissed my wife and daughter before going to bed. I woke up in a room with soft walls and the doctors said that I dreamed it all.
19. Falling asleep, you pulled one leg out from under the blanket. Someone immediately grabbed you.
20. The relatives of the deceased were never able to leave the crypt. Someone locked the door from the outside.
21. My wife woke me up last night to tell me that a burglar had broken into the house. But she was killed 2 years ago.
22. I saw beautiful dream until I was woken up by the sound of someone banging with a hammer. After that, I only heard clods of earth falling on the lid of the coffin, drowning out my screams.
23. Last Man on Earth sat in a room. There was a knock on the door.
24. After a hard day at work, I hurried home to see my wife and our child as soon as possible. I don't know what was scarier to see my wife and baby dead or realize that someone is still in the apartment.
25. Mom called me to the kitchen, but on the way there I heard my mother whisper from another room: "Don't go there, I heard it too."
26. I never go to bed, but I wake up every time.
27. Doctor's conclusion: The newborn weighs 3600 g, height 45 cm, 32 molars. Silent, smiling.
28. She went into the nursery to look at her sleeping baby. The window was open and the bed was empty.
29. "I can't sleep," she whispered, climbing into bed with me. I woke up in a cold sweat clutching at the dress in which she was buried.
30. You hear a terrible scream in the hallway, but you cannot open your eyes and move.
Fascist Germany, apart from starting the Second world war, is also infamous for its concentration camps, as well as the horrors that took place there. The horror of the Nazi camp system consisted not only in terror and arbitrariness, but also in those colossal experiments on people that were carried out there. Scientific research was organized on a grand scale, and their goals were so diverse that it would take a long time to even name them.
In German concentration camps, a test was carried out on living "human material" scientific hypotheses and development of various biomedical technologies. Wartime dictated its priorities, so doctors were primarily interested in practical use scientific theories. So, for example, the possibility of maintaining the working capacity of people under conditions of excessive stress, blood transfusion with different Rh factors, and new drugs were tested.
Among these monstrous experiments are pressure tests, hypothermia experiments, the development of a typhoid vaccine, experiments with malaria, gas, sea water, poisons, sulfanilamide, sterilization experiments, and many others.
In 1941 experiments with hypothermia were carried out. They were led by Dr. Rascher under the direct supervision of Himmler. The experiments were carried out in two stages. At the first stage, they found out what temperature and how long a person can withstand, and the second stage was to determine how to restore the human body after frostbite. To carry out such experiments, prisoners were taken out in the winter without clothes for the whole night or placed in ice water. Hypothermia experiments were carried out exclusively on men to simulate the conditions in which they were German soldiers on the Eastern Front, since the Nazis were ill-prepared for winter period time. So, for example, in one of the first experiments, prisoners were lowered into a container of water, the temperature of which ranged from 2 to 12 degrees, in pilots' suits. At the same time, they were wearing life jackets that kept them afloat. As a result of the experiment, Rascher found that attempts to revive a person who fell into ice water are practically zero if the cerebellum was supercooled. This was the reason for the development of a special vest with a headrest, which covered the back of the head and did not allow the back of the head to sink into the water.
The same Dr. Ruscher in 1942 began to experiment on prisoners using pressure changes. Thus, doctors tried to establish how much air pressure a person can withstand, and for how long. For the experiment, a special pressure chamber was used, in which the pressure was regulated. At the same time there were 25 people in it. The purpose of these experiments was to help pilots and skydivers at high altitude. According to one of the doctor's reports, the experiment was carried out on a 37-year-old Jew who was in good health. physical form. Half an hour after the start of the experiment, he died.
200 prisoners took part in the experiment, 80 of them died, the rest were simply killed.
The fascists also conducted large-scale preparations for the use of bacteriological. The emphasis was mainly on short-lived diseases, plague, anthrax, typhoid, that is, diseases that short time could cause mass infection and death of the enemy.
The Third Reich had large stocks of typhus bacteria. In the case of their mass use, it was necessary to develop a vaccine for the disinfection of the Germans. On behalf of the government, Dr. Paul took up the development of a typhoid vaccine. The first to experience the effect of vaccines were the prisoners of Buchenwald. In 1942, 26 gypsies were infected with typhus there, who had previously been vaccinated. As a result, 6 people died from the progression of the disease. This result did not satisfy the management, since the mortality rate was high. Therefore, research was continued in 1943. And the next year, the improved vaccine was again tested on humans. But this time, the victims of vaccination were the prisoners of the Natzweiler camp. Conducted experiments Dr. Chretien. 80 gypsies were selected for the experiment. They were infected with typhus in two ways: with the help of injections and by airborne droplets. Of the total number of test subjects, only 6 people became infected, but even such a small number did not have any medical care. In 1944, all 80 people who were involved in the experiment either died of illness or were shot by concentration camp overseers.
In addition, in the same Buchenwald, other cruel experiments were carried out on prisoners. So, in 1943-1944, experiments with incendiary mixtures were carried out there. Their purpose was to solve the problems associated with bomb explosions, when soldiers received phosphorus burns. Basically, Russian prisoners were used for these experiments.
Here, experiments were carried out with the genitals, in order to identify the causes of homosexuality. They involved not only homosexuals, but also men of traditional orientation. One of the experiments was a genital transplant.
Also in Buchenwald, experiments were carried out on infecting prisoners with yellow fever, diphtheria, smallpox, and poisonous substances were also used. So, for example, to study the effect of poisons on human body, they were added to the food of prisoners. As a result, some of the victims died, and some were immediately shot for an autopsy. In 1944, all participants in this experiment were shot using poison bullets.
A series of experiments were also carried out in the Dachau concentration camp. So, back in 1942, some of the prisoners aged 20 to 45 were infected with malaria. A total of 1200 people were infected. Permission to conduct the experiment was obtained by the head Dr. Pletner directly from Himmler. The victims were bitten by malarial mosquitoes, and, in addition, they were also injected with sporozoans, which were taken from mosquitoes. For treatment, quinine, antipyrine, pyramidon, as well as a special drug, which was called "2516-Bering", were used. As a result, about 40 people died from malaria, about 400 died from complications after the disease, and another part died from excessive doses of medicines.
Here, in Dachau, in 1944, experiments were carried out to turn sea water into drinking water. For the experiments, 90 gypsies were used, who were completely deprived of food and forced to drink only sea water.
No less terrible experiments were carried out in the Auschwitz concentration camp. So, in particular, throughout the entire period of the war, sterilization experiments were carried out there, the purpose of which was to identify a quick and effective way sterilization of a large number of people without large time and physical costs. During the experiment, thousands of people were sterilized. The procedure was carried out with the help of surgery, X-ray and various medicines. Initially, injections with iodine or silver nitrate were used, but this method had a large number of side effects. Therefore, irradiation was more preferable. Scientists have found that a certain amount of X-rays can deprive the human body of producing eggs and sperm. During the experiments, a large number of prisoners received radiation burns.
The experiments with twins conducted by Dr. Mengele in the Auschwitz concentration camp were especially cruel. Before the war, he dealt with genetics, so the twins were especially "interesting" to him.
Mengele personally sorted the "human material": the most interesting, in his opinion, were sent for experiments, the less hardy - for labor work, and the rest in gas chamber.
The experiment involved 1,500 pairs of twins, of which only 200 survived. Mengele conducted experiments on changing the color of the eyes, injecting chemicals, resulting in complete or temporary blindness. In addition, he attempted to "create Siamese twins" by stitching the twins together. In addition, he experimented with infecting one of the twins with an infection, after which he performed autopsies on both to compare the affected organs.
When Soviet troops approached Auschwitz, the doctor managed to escape to Latin America.
Not without experiments and in another German concentration camp - Ravensbrück. In the experiments, women were used who were injected with tetanus, staphylococcus, gas gangrene bacteria. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the effectiveness of sulfanilamide preparations.
Prisoners were made incisions, where fragments of glass or metal were placed, and then bacteria were planted. Subjects were carefully monitored after infection, recording changes in temperature and other signs of infection. In addition, experiments on transplantology and traumatology were carried out here. Women were deliberately mutilated, and to make it easier to follow the healing process, they cut out parts of the body down to the bone. Moreover, their limbs were often amputated, which were then taken to a neighboring camp and sewn on to other prisoners.
Not only did the Nazis mock the prisoners of the concentration camps, they also carried out experiments on the "true Aryans". So, recently a large burial was discovered, which at first was mistaken for the Scythian remains. However, later it was possible to establish that there were German soldiers in the grave. The find horrified archaeologists: some of the bodies were decapitated, others had sawn tibia bones, and still others had holes along the spine. It was also found that during life people were exposed to chemicals, as well as in many skulls, cuts were clearly visible. As it turned out later, these were the victims of the experiments of the Ahnenerbe, a secret organization of the Third Reich, which was engaged in the creation of a superman.
Since it was immediately obvious that the similar experiments will be associated with large quantity casualties, Himmler claimed responsibility for all deaths. He did not consider all these horrors to be murder, because, according to him, the prisoners of concentration camps are not people.
Ethics scientific research was updated after the end of World War II. In 1947, the Nuremberg Code was developed and adopted, protecting the well-being of research participants to this day. However, before scientists did not disdain to experiment on prisoners, slaves and even members of their own families, violating all human rights. This list contains the most shocking and unethical cases.
10 Stanford Prison Experiment
In 1971, a team of scientists at Stanford University, led by psychologist Philip Zimbardo, conducted a study of human reactions to the restriction of freedom in conditions imprisonment. As part of the experiment, volunteers had to play the roles of guards and prisoners in basement the building of the Faculty of Psychology, equipped as a prison. Volunteers quickly got used to their duties, however, contrary to the predictions of scientists, terrible and dangerous incidents began to occur during the experiment. A third of the "guards" showed pronounced sadistic tendencies, while many "prisoners" were psychologically traumatized. Two of them had to be excluded from the experiment ahead of time. Zimbardo, concerned about the antisocial behavior of the subjects, was forced to stop the study ahead of schedule.
9 Monstrous Experiment
In 1939, a graduate student at the University of Iowa, Mary Tudor, under the guidance of psychologist Wendell Johnson, set up an equally shocking experiment on the orphans of the Davenport orphanage. The experiment was devoted to the study of the influence of value judgments on the fluency of children's speech. The subjects were divided into two groups. During the training of one of them, Tudor gave positive marks and praised in every possible way. She subjected the speech of the children from the second group to severe criticism and ridicule. The experiment ended in failure, which is why it later got its name. Many healthy children never recovered from their trauma and suffered from speech problems throughout their lives. A public apology for the Monstrous Experiment was not issued until 2001 by the University of Iowa.
8. Project 4.1
The medical study, known as Project 4.1, was conducted by US scientists on Marshall Islanders who became victims of radioactive contamination after the explosion of the US Castle Bravo thermonuclear device in the spring of 1954. In the first 5 years after the disaster on the Rongelap Atoll, the number of miscarriages and stillbirths doubled, and surviving children developed developmental disorders. In the following decade, many of them developed thyroid cancer. By 1974, a third had neoplasms. As experts later concluded, the purpose of the medical program to help local residents of the Marshall Islands was to use them as guinea pigs in a "radioactive experiment."
7. Project MK-ULTRA
The CIA's secret MK-ULTRA mind-manipulation research program was launched in the 1950s. The essence of the project was to study the influence of various psychotropic substances on human consciousness. The participants in the experiment were doctors, military, prisoners and other representatives of the US population. The subjects, as a rule, did not know that they were being injected with drugs. One of the secret operations of the CIA was called "Midnight Climax". Men were selected from several brothels in San Francisco, injected with LSD into their bloodstream, and then filmed for study. The project lasted at least until the 1960s. In 1973, the CIA leadership destroyed most of the documents of the MK-ULTRA program, causing significant difficulties in the subsequent investigation of the case by the US Congress.
6. Project "Aversion"
From the 70s to the 80s of the 20th century, an experiment was conducted in the South African army aimed at changing the sex of soldiers with non-traditional sexual orientation. During the top-secret operation "Aversia" about 900 people were injured. Alleged homosexuals were calculated by army doctors with the assistance of priests. In the military psychiatric ward, test subjects were subjected to hormonal therapy and electric shock. If the soldiers could not be "cured" in this way, they were waiting for forced chemical castration or sex reassignment surgery. "Aversion" was directed by psychiatrist Aubrey Levine. In the 90s, he immigrated to Canada, not wanting to stand trial for the atrocities he committed.
5 Human Experimentation In North Korea
North Korea has been repeatedly accused of researching prisoners that violate human rights, however, the government of the country denies all accusations, saying that they are treated humanely in the state. However, one of the former prisoners told a shocking truth. A terrible, if not terrifying experience appeared before the eyes of the prisoner: 50 women, under the threat of reprisals against their families, were forced to eat poisoned cabbage leaves and died, suffering from bloody vomiting and rectal bleeding, accompanied by the screams of other victims of the experiment. There are eyewitness accounts of special laboratories equipped for experiments. Entire families became their targets. After a standard medical examination, the wards were sealed and filled with asphyxiating gas, and the "explorers" watched through the glass from above as parents tried to save their children by giving them artificial respiration for as long as they had strength left.
4. Toxicological laboratory of the special services of the USSR
The top-secret scientific unit, also known as the "Chamber", under the leadership of Colonel Mairanovsky, was engaged in experiments in the field of toxic substances and poisons, such as ricin, digitoxin and mustard gas. Experiments were carried out, as a rule, on prisoners sentenced to capital punishment. Poisons were given to the subjects under the guise of drugs along with food. The main goal of scientists was to find an odorless and tasteless toxin that would not leave traces after the death of the victim. In the end, scientists managed to find the poison they were looking for. According to eyewitness accounts, after ingestion of C-2, the subject would become weak, quiet, as if cowering, and dying within 15 minutes.
3. Tuskegee Syphilis Study
The infamous experiment began in 1932 in Tuskegee, Alabama. For 40 years, scientists literally denied patients treatment for syphilis in order to study all stages of the disease. The victims of the experience were 600 poor African-American sharecroppers. Patients were not informed about their illness. Instead of a diagnosis, doctors told people they had "bad blood" and offered free food and treatment in exchange for participating in the program. During the experiment, 28 men died from syphilis, 100 from subsequent complications, 40 infected their wives, and 19 children received a congenital disease.
2. "Squad 731"
Employees special detachment The Japanese armed forces under the leadership of Shiro Ishii were engaged in experiments in the field of chemical and biological weapons. In addition, they are responsible for the most horrific experiments on people that history knows. The detachment's military doctors dissected living subjects, amputated the limbs of captives and sewed them to other parts of the body, deliberately infected men and women with venereal diseases through rape in order to study the consequences later. The list of atrocities committed by Unit 731 is long, but many of its members have never been punished for their deeds.
1. Nazi experiments on people
Medical experiments carried out by the Nazis during World War II claimed a huge number of lives. In concentration camps, scientists performed the most sophisticated and inhuman experiments. In Auschwitz, Dr. Josef Mengele examined more than 1,500 pairs of twins. A variety of chemicals were injected into the eyes of the test subjects to see if their color would change, and in an attempt to create Siamese twins, the test subjects were stitched together. Meanwhile, members of the Luftwaffe tried to find a way to treat hypothermia by forcing prisoners to lie in ice water for several hours, and in the Ravensbrück camp, researchers deliberately inflicted wounds on prisoners and infected them with infections in order to test sulfonamides and other drugs.