Which stove to put in the bath: choose the best option. Which stove to choose for a bath, which one is better Which stove is better for a bath
Choosing a sauna stove is the most responsible process. The main criterion is power. The calculation must be correct, it is important not to make a mistake. If the power is insufficient, the bath will warm up for a long time and cool down quickly. If you put too powerful a boiler, then it will be impossible to go there. There are other selection criteria as well. How to choose the right sauna stove?
Stove power
Power is selected on the basis of the calculation, the content of which is given below. To carry out the calculation, we measure the main dimensions: length, width and height. To obtain the net volume of the bath, it would be sufficient to simply multiply these figures.
However, it's so easy to make a mistake. How to make a difficult choice - to choose a stove for a bath? When calculating the volume, you need to make the following adjustments:
- Usually in the steam room they make the most effective thermal insulation. The walls are first insulated, only then sheathed with finishing material. It is customary to use thermal insulation with a layer of foil that reflects heat back into the bath. The problem is that when a finished log house is ordered, thermal insulation is often neglected. This is acceptable, but it is worth considering that wood is a very heat-intensive material, its thickness is from 20 cm. Part of the heat will be spent on heating the logs themselves.
- If the furnace part of the stove is placed in the dressing room, this is a “gap” in the thermal insulation. This must be taken into account in the calculations.
- Doors and windows should be carefully insulated and tightly fitted. Otherwise, this is also necessary fate.
- If ceramic tiles, bricks, natural stone are present in the decoration of the bath, part of the heat will go to warm them up.
Only taking into account all of the above, it is possible to correctly calculate the volume that the device will have to heat and choose which oven in the bath is better. To take into account all these parameters, a correction factor is used - 1.2 m 3 per 1 m 2 of a poorly insulated or heat-absorbing surface.
Example: the steam room has a size of 2x3x2.2 m. There is an uninsulated window 0.8x1.2 m and a door 1.8x1 m. Calculate the volume: 2x3x2.2 + (0.8x1.2 + 1.8x1)x1.2 \u003d 13.2 + (0.96 + 1.8) x1.2 \u003d 16.5 m 3. We accept power: 16.5 m 3 x 1 kW ≈ 17 kW. note that 13.2 kW(“pure” volume) would not be enough for us.
Additional selection criteria
Power is the main criterion, but far from the only one. What are sauna stoves? In order for the result to fully meet our expectations, the following must be taken into account:
- product material;
- firebox design options;
- steam type;
- various designs;
- type of heater;
- operating time from one refueling;
- features of heating the bath;
- what fuel is used.
Only considering all this, it is possible to determine which stove in the bath is better.
Production material
The sauna stove can be made from:
- cast iron;
- become;
- bricks.
Which stove in the bath is better, if we take into account the material of manufacture? Comparing them to each other is not entirely correct. Each material better solves a particular problem and, according to connoisseurs, creates a special atmosphere.
With a modern range of furnace equipment, experts give the palm to special heat-resistant alloy steel with the addition of chromium. It is steel, today, is the most reliable and durable. The atmosphere in the bath does not suffer either. Such furnaces do not burn oxygen, because during combustion there is no oxidation process in them.
When choosing reliable sauna stoves, the site recommends paying attention to Finnish companies. They deservedly occupy a leading position in this market. Their products have one drawback - a high price. Although, the same "Harvia" also produces quite budget models.
Sauna stove from Harvia
The production of cast iron stoves is not very popular today. The disadvantage of a cast-iron stove is a lot of weight and a shorter service life compared to the previous version. Heating is slower. This is worth considering when deciding which stove to choose for a bath.
Cast iron stoves are not very popular today
The choice of a brick oven is a tribute to tradition. Installing this is very difficult. There were not many good masters before. Now you can't find it at all. You can try to build a stove yourself, but is it necessary? This work is not easy - you need to properly build a foundation and a chimney, and the result will clearly be inferior to modern industrial designs. Brick requires more energy to warm up, so fuel consumption will increase.
At the same time, although such a stove will heat up longer, it will give off heat much longer. It all depends on your financial capabilities and personal preferences - sometimes, such a stove is a good choice.
The brick version is long, expensive, difficult.
Features of the location of the firebox
The firebox can be located in a closed steam room, but it is much more convenient when it is remote. This complicates the selection of a cast-iron, steel or brick oven. You can add fuel at any time without disturbing those who are in the steam room. This somewhat reduces the thermal insulation of the bath, but not critical. New thermal insulation of all joints and seams will solve this problem. But, the door to the steam room will open less frequently.
The new firebox door, made of heat-resistant glass, will allow you to monitor fuel consumption. The remote firebox itself must be made of thick heat-resistant steel with the addition of chromium. This design is an indicator of quality, it will not burn out for years and will withstand the highest temperature.
Steam source
First, let's figure out what kind of steam happens. Distinguish:
- Dry steam is the most beneficial for the body. The stones heat up to +500 0 C. It is worth splashing warm water on them - it instantly turns into steam. Such steam evenly heats the entire bath and does not increase humidity.
- Wet steam - occurs as a result of boiling water directly in the bath. Hot water is also heated by the heater, which is equipped with a water tank. This method does not require hot water supply. For washing use water directly from the boiler. It is also a heat exchanger.
How to correctly and quickly choose a stove for a bath in this case? Fans of wet steam can organize a similar process in the sauna. For this, there is no need to put a boiler with water. It is enough to buy a special device that will produce steam. The principle is the same, only the steam generator is powered by electrical energy.
Design requirements
When choosing a stove for a bath, you need to take into account the requirements for the design of the stove. She must:
- ensure gradual and uniform heating of the bath;
- heat the room up to +80 0 C (under the ceiling) in 3 hours;
- ensure proper fire safety;
- exclude the possibility of smoke and soot in the bath;
- heat stones up to +500 0 С;
- provide ease of use;
- have an aesthetic appearance.
Heater type
What should be the stove-heater in the bath? There are two types of stones:
- open;
- closed.
What are these types of sauna stoves?
Open - heat the air of the room directly with the heat that the stones give off. The best option for frequent visits. This option is often used for individual use. Heats up quickly but also cools down quickly. She is needed in the countryside.
Closed - when deciding which stove to install in the bath, pay attention to the stove that has a damper that closes the top layer of stones. The room will warm up more evenly, due to convection. Fuel - spend more economically. There is also the flip side of the coin - you will have to start heating the bath in 3-4 hours.
Which stove is better to put in a bath, given the type of heater? Here everyone chooses for himself. Their pros and cons are discussed above. But from experience, we say that it is better to use stoves with a closed heater.
Duration of work on one tab of fuel
Another important characteristic is how much it will work on one fuel tab. The longer the better. For example, the efficiency of a conventional brick kiln is about 85%, and a kiln that implements long-term combustion technology due to the pyrolysis process is 91-95%. Accordingly, the second option will work more efficiently. Efficiency assessment is needed in order to make the most efficient use of fuel, the amount of which can be different.
The stove can work not only on solid fuel (wood), but also on gas, liquid fuel, electricity. In each case, you need to calculate the best option. The initial data is individual for everyone. Accordingly, the result will be different for everyone. When choosing a stove for a bath, consider the characteristics that the manufacturer indicated in the passport. If you decide to make a furnace yourself, calculate and evaluate the possible efficiency in advance.
A standard wood-fired brick oven with an external firebox will burn for about 4 hours. Long burning technology will increase this time to 30 hours.
Features of heating the room
There are two options: hot and cold. Hot - the walls of the furnace, heating up more than 100 0 C, warms up the entire room. Cold - the walls of the oven are insulated and do not heat up above +40 0 C. The room is heated through special channels in which air circulates. Each method has its pros and cons.
Hot - heats the room faster, but there is a chance of getting burned. It is necessary to arrange a protective screen made of bricks.
Cold - safer, the bath warms up more evenly and cools down longer, but the process takes longer.
Type of fuel used
The sauna stove can run on almost any type of fuel:
- natural gas;
- solid fuel (wood);
- wood processing products (pellets from pressed sawdust);
- liquid fuel;
- electricity.
The classic option is a wood-fired sauna. Experts say that no other type of fuel is able to create such an atmosphere. In modern conditions, this statement is rather controversial. Modern manufacturers with a high rating offer analogues that run on both gas and electricity. According to technical indications, they are not inferior to wood-burning stoves. Gas is the cheapest type of fuel, and the cost of firewood is steadily increasing. The main thing is not to make a mistake with the choice.
Choosing a wood stove
When choosing a good wood burning stove, you should pay special attention to the following factors:
- design features;
- principle of operation;
- manufacturer (more precisely, its rating).
Design features
The combustion temperature is high so that the furnace does not burn out, it must be made of high-quality metal. It will take at least 3-4 hours to heat the stove. It is worth remembering that the design of such an oven includes the following elements:
- Ash pan - used to remove combustion products (ash).
- Firebox - there are different designs. It is most preferable to install an elongated one, which will allow you to install the stove in the wall so that the firebox is in an adjacent room. The thickness of the metal must also be sufficient.
- Gas duct and afterburner - used in long-burning pyrolysis boilers. Allows the stove to burn up to 30 hours on one tab of fuel.
- Kamenka - directly heats the air in the bath.
- Chimney - serves to remove the gaseous products of combustion.
The need for an additional foundation and the complex design of the chimney led to a decrease in the popularity of traditional brick wood stoves.
Principle of operation
According to the principle of operation of the wood-burning stove, they are divided into
- long burning;
- intermittent burning.
The advantages of a long burning furnace are obvious: it is fuel savings as a result of the pyrolysis process. A design feature is the presence of an afterburning chamber for gases obtained as a result of pyrolysis. The disadvantage is the formation of soot. It is not recommended to pour water on stones, which, by the way, require much less. Otherwise, soot may be released into the bath. The heating temperature of stones is not higher than +350 0 C. But, fuel savings can be up to 500%.
In a batch furnace, stones are heated by an open fire to a temperature of about +500 0 C. The soot simply burns out. You can safely pour water on the stones.
Manufacturer
The rating of manufacturers of sauna stoves is confidently led by Finns and Swedes. Manufacturers such as Kastor, Harvia and Helo (Finland) and Tylo (Sweden) are especially popular. The Russians are not yet able to somehow confidently compete with these manufacturers.
Choosing an electric oven
The main feature of the electric furnace is the constant need for electricity. If up to 7kW a standard 220V network can be used, then more than 7kW will require an additional 380V line. Not always and not everywhere it can be convenient, and, in general, it is possible. A new sauna stove can be too expensive.
Advantages of electric heaters
The benefits are obvious:
- do not require the construction of complex structures (chimney, foundation);
- can be installed in almost any bath where there is electricity;
- security;
- possible closed system with heat exchanger;
- durable, stainless steel;
- ease of use.
Main selection criteria
What kind of electric stove is needed in the bath? The selection criteria for specialists are standard:
- the presence or possibility of supplying the necessary voltage;
- heat exchanger power;
- the price of electricity in a particular region.
Selection of a gas oven
The gas oven completely excludes any independence. This is a source of increased danger, therefore, installation and connection work can be carried out by specialists with appropriate permits and licenses.
Advantages and design features
Natural gas is the cheapest fuel. This is its main advantage. Efficiency is the highest when using low-temperature equipment, up to 109%. This explains the high popularity of this equipment.
However, natural gas is not available everywhere. This is the main drawback.
Choosing a stove for a gas bath - check the following:
- Modulating type burner. Such a burner automatically selects the optimal operating mode, depending on the specific conditions. This allows you to minimize the negative effect of fuel underburning.
- The heat carrier (hot water) must be heated up to +70 0 The gas temperature must not exceed +110 0 С.
- Use a coaxial chimney.
- Have a gas recirculation system.
Under such conditions, the efficiency will be maximum.
About gas and wood stoves
There are modifications that can work on both gas and wood stoves. This allows you to simultaneously solve several problems at once:
- improves ease of management;
- in the absence of gas, you can use firewood.
Installation Requirements
Only specialists with all the necessary licenses and permits are allowed to install gas furnaces. All fire safety regulations must be observed.
Conclusion
Which stove for a bath is better to choose for a Russian bath? It is impossible to give an unambiguous answer, but it is worth stopping the choice between wood-burning and electric stoves, because. gas is not carried everywhere. Further, the main criterion for selection is the power of the furnace. We have given the calculation formula above. The rest of the parameters depend on your desire and wallet.
Having correctly determined the initial data, it is not difficult to select a stove for a bath according to the parameters. All characteristics are indicated in the product passport. Among the manufacturers, the Finns confidently hold the first place, offering, among other things, fairly budget systems. The presence of a Russian-language site and the design of the case also affect the choice, which is not at all as small as we would like.
←Previous article Next article →Probably, if any owner of individual suburban housing does not yet have his own bathhouse on the site, then most likely he is hatching plans for its construction and equipment. The bathing tradition in Russia is very ancient and enduring, and no modern devices and fixtures in the form of bathtubs, jacuzzi, "fancy" showers, electric heaters or steam generators can replace the real heat from a heated stove and a birch broom.
The stove is one of the most important attributes of a Russian bath or a real sauna. The required atmosphere and the required temperature both in the steam room and in the washing room directly depend on its effective operation. Currently, there are many models on sale that are specially designed for such conditions. However, many home craftsmen prefer to make a sauna stove with their own hands. This matter, although quite complicated and requiring good skills in construction or welding, is still quite feasible.
Types of sauna stoves
First of all, it is necessary to deal with the main existing varieties of bath stoves so that you can opt for one of them.
1. By material manufacturing
- For a long time, burnt bricks have been the main material for sauna stoves. This tradition has not become a thing of the past even today - many people prefer the brick oven to all others, although, of course, its construction is much more difficult than installing a ready-made one. But on the other hand, the heat in it remains much longer, and it creates a very special atmosphere in the bath.
With its construction, certain difficulties may arise. So, for a brick structure, a foundation is required that is not connected with the foundation of the bath itself. In addition, the dimensions of the building itself do not always allow placing such a furnace in it, although, of course, there are projects of very small masonry.
Another difficulty is that the construction of such a furnace requires a certain amount of experience so that it does not become a source of a potential threat to human life and health. Often the desire to have a stone stove makes the owners of the bath turn to the masters. However, you can try to fold it yourself.
- Metal bath stoves are very popular. Although they are some departure from tradition, they have a number of advantages:
- Its installation does not take a long time and does not require a lot of space.
- There are a lot of ready-made models on sale, so it is possible to choose the most optimal option for a specific bath.
- It is easier to make such a furnace on your own if you have experience with electric welding.
- For the manufacture of a metal furnace, even seemingly recycled materials are often used - pipe cuttings, old disks from trucks, obsolete gas cylinders, old barrels, etc.
In the bath, as a rule, only steel stoves are installed - cast iron is unacceptable in these conditions. Yes, it has a higher heat capacity and holds the desired temperature longer, but its fragility and instability to sudden thermal changes make it impossible, for example, to splash cold water on a hot stove - cracks may appear.
Additional information about stoves from the site:
The main disadvantage of steel stoves is their rather quick cooling after the end of the furnace, especially if an insufficiently thick metal sheet was used for manufacturing. However, a massive heater can hold heat for quite a long time.
- To reconcile supporters of brick and steel sauna stoves can be the technology of lining a metal case with a brick.
In this case, a massive foundation is not required, the tightness of the masonry joints is also, that is, the process of building walls is quite simple.
Combined option - a metal stove lined with bricks In addition to good heat accumulation, brick cladding will protect against direct exposure to hard infrared radiation from hot metal surfaces. And yet - it can be a good interior addition to the bath, hiding the often not very pretty look of a steel stove.
2. According to the energy carrier used
The vast majority of sauna stoves are designed to fire them. There are, of course, models with the use of gas and electricity. Some craftsmen adapt liquid fuel units (for example, diesel fuel) for this purpose, taking the furnace part with the diesel fuel supply system outside.
However, we can emphasize this again, no other energy sources, except for natural, well-dried firewood, will create in the steam room that health-improving microclimate, for which, in principle, the bath is most often built.
3. According to the location of the firebox
Both brick and metal bath stoves can have different layouts:
In one version, the whole furnace is located in the steam room, that is, it has to be fired directly from here. This design is certainly cheaper, much easier to manufacture and install, but there are a number of serious drawbacks. So, for example, you can’t create a supply of firewood in a steam room - they simply become saturated with moisture. Thus, if necessary, to maintain the fire, you will have to run out after them to another room or to the street. In addition, a steam room is usually not such a voluminous room, and therefore there is a high risk of getting an accidental burn from touching a red-hot furnace door.
From the point of view of convenience and safety of use, stoves win, in which the door of the combustion chamber is placed in the dressing room, and in the steam room itself there is a heater and, possibly, a tank for heating water. In such a stove, you can keep the fire going without disturbing anyone, and the overall level of safety increases in the steam room.
4. According to the method of heating the heater
Finally, sauna stoves differ in the way the stones are heated.
- Currently, constant heating stoves are most often used. In their design, the stones do not have direct contact with the outgoing combustion products - they are placed either in a metal container welded to the stove body, or in special lattice bodies located on the walls or even on the chimney. This arrangement of the furnace is more characteristic of the Finnish sauna. The heating temperature of the stones reaches 300 - 400 degrees. Usually, stones of a fairly small fraction are used, like coarse gravel. They are not covered with soot, as they are isolated from combustion products.
The convenience of such a stove is that the process of heating and, directly, taking bath procedures are not separated in time - you can maintain the fire and, accordingly, the temperature in the steam room for as long as necessary.
- Bath furnaces of periodic heating are arranged somewhat differently. Their design implies the removal of hot gases directly through the heater, with their subsequent exit into the chimney. At the same time, stones are heated to extremely high temperatures - up to 1000 degrees. However, after heating the stove, they must wait for the fuel to completely burn out and carbon monoxide to escape - only after that you can proceed to washing. In order not to cool quickly and not give off heavy wet steam, it is usually covered with either a lid or a hinged door.
According to this scheme usually formed classical Russian bath stoves - a heated bath was enough for all family members. When water hits such strongly heated stones, it instantly turns into steam. The main condition is that they must be massive, carefully selected, rounded, of a pronounced dark gray color, and their total mass must be at least 50 kilograms. From time to time, the heater is taken apart to clean the stones from the accumulated soot and replace the collapsed ones.
Schemes of such simple periodic ovens will be discussed below.
- It should be noted that there are models of stoves that combine the advantages of both devices. In them, the heater is divided into two areas - unventilated, placed in a special channel through which combustion products pass, and open.
In such a furnace, there are two heaters - an external ventilated and an internal one, which receives heat from combustion products. Such stoves are quite complex in design, but they perfectly accumulate heat and give dry steam, and, if necessary, firewood can be thrown right in the process of washing.
The stove is the heart of the bath. In the absence of the proper skills, it is not easy to make it yourself. Think about what is more important: savings, most often imaginary, or the feeling of comfort that accompanies you during the arrangement of the bath and its use.
Those who prefer effective solutions should pay attention to the options for ready-made sauna stoves. Among them you will find devices that meet all the listed quality criteria, and at the same time have an affordable price.
So, among the leaders of the furnace market, heating installations from the Dobrostal Plant company, the winner of the competition “100 Best Goods of Russia”, can be singled out. In the assortment offered by her, such concise models of furnaces as:
- "Heat-Extra 400";
- "Heat-Lux 20".
The body material of the devices is carbon steel, one of the strongest and most heat-resistant materials. The ergonomic design of these wood-burning stoves allows them to be used not only as a heating unit, but also as a good interior solution.
The Zhara-Extra 400 model is designed for heating a steam room from 4 to 12 m 3 in size. The thickness of the roof and the weight of the furnace can also vary, based on your requirements.
Furnaces of the Zhara Lux series offer a wider range of models, with the ability to choose a device for heating a steam room area from 4 to 30 m 3.
The structures under consideration are equipped with a chimney-coil, which allows:
- make traction more uniform;
- save fuel.
By the way, the chimney can be disassembled for cleaning at any time.
The device package includes:
- grate;
- decorative elements;
- cast iron door
- closed heater with funnel for water supply;
- scoop;
- detailed installation guide.
Furnaces of the "Heat" series are able to satisfy the needs of an avid lover of a steam room, however, if the bath is not a hobby for you, but a real passion, we advise you to pay attention to the August Profi model, equipped with a panoramic glass door. The incomparable comfort of using this device will turn all parts of the bathing procedure into a pleasure.
The model in question is equipped with:
- closed-type heater;
- steam generation system.
Using the built-in system, you will be able to choose the “mode” for your steam room yourself:
- traditional Russian bathhouse;
- Finnish sauna for real Vikings;
- hammam for lovers of oriental pleasures.
The establishment of convection in the "Augusta Profi" is carried out by adjusting special dampers.
The desired model can also be purchased in simplified model variations "Standard", "Stone", however, it is the "Profi" version that is the most refined, powerful and multifunctional.
The listed designs represent only a small fraction of the Dobrostal Plant model range. We advise you to study it, and find the perfect heart for your steam room.
Prices for fireplaces and stoves
Fireplaces and stoves
How to make a metal stove for a bath yourself
There are countless options for metal bath stoves, and, by and large, anyone can come up with their own, relying on some basic models. As an example, we can cite several very simple stoves, the manufacture of which does not require any special knowledge and skills.
Periodic heating stove for a small family steam room
This is probably one h the simplest options. To make such a furnace, you need a metal sheet with a thickness of about 5 mm (steel St 3). In this case, it makes no sense to make a stove from a thinner sheet - it will burn out very quickly, and it will not retain heat efficiently.
- The dimensions of the stove are small - only 900 mm long, 800 - height with legs, and width along the front - 600 mm. It can be placed even in a very small steam room.
- For the chimney pipe, you will need a piece of pipe with a diameter of 115 mm. Its length can be different - some prefer a short pipe with a flange for connecting the chimney, others weld a long enough length on which you can put a hot water tank.
- In order for all seams to be durable, it is better to make them on a metal corner with a shelf of 30 × 30 × 3 mm. The same profile will also be needed for shelves and brackets for internal lattice partitions.
- In height, the space of the stove is divided into three unequal compartments. The lower, narrowest one is an ash pan (1) with a blower door. The size of this door is usually small, 2-2.5 times smaller than the furnace opening.
- Between the ash pan and the firebox (3), cast-iron grates are installed on brackets from the corner.
- If they could not be found, then you will have to weld a lattice of parallel bars with a diameter of at least 10 — 12 mm. The distance between the bars is kept the same - about 10 mm.
- The upper compartment is a heater through which combustion products are removed during heating of the stove (5). Gases pass freely through the grate (4), heat the stones and are discharged into the chimney (6).
- The doors of the combustion chamber and the blower-ashpit are broadcast on welded hinges and are necessarily equipped with latch valves.
- The rear part of the heater is welded by one third with a metal sheet (300 × 600 mm), in the center of which a hole is cut, where the chimney pipe is welded, which goes down by 100 - 120 mm.
- The diagram does not show the lid that is used to cover the heater during the heating of the sauna stove. It is easy to make it from thin metal (0.8 - 1.0 mm) in such a way that it completely covers the heater and slightly lies down on the body walls. This cover will not allow the stones to cool quickly, and in process the pre-heater of the bath will prevent the direct exit of combustion products into the room, directing them into the chimney pipe. Of course, good traction must be provided for this.
Immediately before the start of bath procedures, this cover is removed and the heater remains in the open position. However, sometimes they also provide a hinged hatch, which is opened when it is necessary to give steam, and the lid is constantly in place, keeping the heat of the stones longer.
- When the stove is fully welded, a thorough cleaning and check of the seams, removal of burrs and metal irregularities is carried out. It is recommended to cover the outside of the structure with a heat-resistant varnish specially designed for fireplaces and stoves.
Stones are laid in the compartment intended for them later, after the stove is installed in place in the bath and connected to the chimney. This will be discussed a little later.
The heat from such a stove after heating it should be enough for a full-fledged bath procedure for 2 - 3 people.
Periodically heated metal stove with additional brick walls
Another version of the open type stove, which, however, is somewhat more difficult to manufacture, but its ability to accumulate heat is much higher.
“Double” technology is already being used here - a metal case and internal brickwork. In this case, steel is not needed too thick - sheets of 1.5 - 2.0 mm are enough. Heat-resistant fireclay bricks are used for masonry, and as a mortar, it is best to purchase a ready-made dry mortar specially designed for stoves and fireplaces, and knead it in accordance with the preparation instructions.
- To begin with, a base is being prepared with legs welded to it with heel pads so that the design of the furnace is stable.
- Then, on this basis, the first continuous row of bricks is laid out. All other rows are made in a "half-brick" in the area of \u200b\u200bthe firebox, and in a "quarter" - in the area of chimney channels.
- After the camera is laid out ash pan-blower(1), a cast-iron grate is installed between it and the firebox (2). To leave openings for the blower and the loading window during laying, it is fashionable to use jumpers from a metal corner 20 × 20, but only so as not to disturb the evenness of the inter-row seams.
- Above the combustion chamber, a grate of metal rods (Ø 12 mm) is installed, on which stones will subsequently be laid.
- On the left or right side of the masonry, at the level of the heater, a window (5) is left, which will serve to load the stones, for their regular inspection and cleaning, and in the process of bathing procedures - for steam generation - water from the ladle will splash into it.
- The sinuous chimney channel contributes to the most complete heating of the entire furnace structure and complete afterburning of all combustion products. In the back of this channel, at the level of turning it up, an inspection window is left, where a valve will then be mounted to maximize heat retention after the furnace has been fired.
- The upper two rows of bricks are made solid, only with a window for the exit of combustion products - in this place the chimney pipe will then be welded.
- When the brickwork is finished, and the mortar has set well enough, it is possible to sequentially weld the walls of the metal case to the base, which in this case plays the role of a kind of “case”. To facilitate this task, and at the same time to achieve tightness of the welds, a corner of 20 × 20 mm can be put on top of the joints.
- When marking the workpiece for the front wall, openings for the ash pan and the loading window of the combustion chamber are immediately outlined and cut out. After the front wall is in place, hinges are welded on which the doors of both chambers with locking devices are hung. The door leafs themselves should be 10–15 mm wider in each direction than the recessed windows in order to ensure tight closing. It would be useful to install an asbestos seal around the perimeter or even over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe inner surface of the firebox door.
- During the installation of the side wall, from the side of the steam window left in the masonry, a opening and a metal door with a seal is installed. It is better to make it fold down and equip it with a “cold” handle so that you can open it during washing to give steam.
- The stove cover is welded last with a pre-cut hole for the chimney pipe. Then a piece of pipe with a diameter of 100 mm is welded.
- The stove will be loaded with stones after it is installed in the bathhouse at the prepared place.
Constant heating stoves with an open heater
It is even easier to build such stoves from a metal sheet or other available materials.
The figure shows an easy-to-manufacture stove made from trimming a metal thick-walled pipe with a diameter of 325 mm.
The pipe cavity itself is divided into two compartments by a grate. The upper, main one, serves as a firebox, the lower one serves as an ashpit-blower. Both compartments have their own doors, respectively, for laying firewood and providing air supply and cleaning.
Closer to the far, completely muffled end of the pipe, a chimney pipe with a diameter of 100 mm is welded.
A metal box is welded on top of the cylindrical body, which will be filled with stones. In order to ensure maximum heating of the stones, it is possible to make the chimney in this area not straight, but with a curved elbow - the contact area of the hot pipe with the heater will increase significantly.
It will not be difficult to make a similar stove in the form of a parallelepiped, using metal sheets as blanks.
Very often, these stoves are equipped with hot water tanks. In the photo of the stove from the pipe, it is placed on the back plug, which is also the wall of the water tank.
In the manufacture of rectangular structures, there are much more options - tanks are placed on either side, on top, or even make a semblance of a “water jacket” from several sides, with a tie-in of cold and hot water supply pipes.
Another convenient option for solving the issue of heating water can be the installation of a special heat exchange tank on the chimney pipe.
Such water heaters can be made independently, but it is also possible to purchase a finished factory product that has a ton of a certain standard diameter. All that remains is to embed this tank into the vertical part of the chimney above the stove and connect the water supply and withdrawal pipes.
Such tanks can themselves have sufficient volume, or serve only as a heat exchanger and be connected to the main water tank.
Video: an interesting simple design of a metal stove for a bath
Preparing the site for installing the stove
Making your own stove for a bath is only half the battle. It is necessary to carefully prepare a place for its installation directly in the room.
Even just a metal stove is a fairly massive structure, especially if you add to its own weight the weight of the stone laying and the weight of the filled hot water tank. Thus, it is necessary to prepare the base - a kind of podium on which it will be installed. It is best to provide your own foundation for it.
- To do this, a small pit (up to 500 mm deep) comes off in a selected place.
- A sand layer up to 100 mm is laid on the bottom, then, after tamping, another 200 mm gravel and crushed stone backfill.
- A layer of cut-off waterproofing is laid - usually roofing material is used for this.
- Then a concrete solution is poured to the ground level with a filling of sand and fine gravel.
- After this site has completely solidified (at least 3 weeks), a layer of roofing material is laid on top of it, and then a continuous laying of baked bricks is performed
- The masonry is carried out either to the level of the "clean" floor of the bath, or even a little, 100 - 150 mm higher, thus constructing a raised podium for installing the stove.
It is impossible to put the oven on a concrete base - for all the seeming solidity and strength, it will certainly begin to crack and crumble in conditions of high humidity and high temperatures.
From walls, especially wooden ones, the stove should be located at a distance of at least 200 mm. The walls must be sheathed with heat-resistant material - stainless steel sheet or "Isover" - foil thermal insulator based on harmless basalt mineral wool.
Izover is an excellent material for thermal insulation of bath walls at the installation site of the stove. Very often, metal stoves are “dressed” in brickwork. This gives a number of advantages - there is less risk of getting burned on hot walls, plus brickwork will be another fairly capacious heat accumulator.
You can learn more about this process from. Here are just a few important notes:
- The distance from metal walls to brickwork is recommended to be kept at 100 mm. This is necessary for normal air circulation - a powerful convection flow will be created, contributing to uniform and rapid heating of the steam room. For the same purpose, special windows must be provided below the masonry. The metal walls of the stove, lined with bricks on the outside without a gap, close, due to a violation of normal heat transfer, will burn out very quickly.
- For masonry, only natural clay oven mortar or special building mixtures intended specifically for such purposes, with pronounced moisture and moisture properties, can be used. thermal stability.
- The brick lining of the stove must be thought out in advance - this is taken into account when pouring the foundation and laying out the brick podium.
Refractory brick prices
Refractory brick
Stone laying
The efficiency of a home-made bath stove will also largely depend on the stones - the correctness of their selection and laying out in the heater.
Even a small stove requires no less than a 50-kilogram stack, but it’s still better to focus on 80 for a family bath. — 100 kg.
It is better to choose cobblestones with a rounded shape, even gray color, without surface flaws (cracks or breaks). It is desirable that the stones be of various sizes - from 50 to 150 mm.
Granite for sauna stove absolutely useless. Firstly, its structure is unstable to frequent processes of strong heating with simultaneous exposure to steam - destruction will begin very quickly. Secondly, granite always contains mica inclusions, and when heated, they are capable of emitting quite toxic fumes.
Jadeite is one of the best options for a heater. In addition to its natural beauty, it is also credited with medicinal properties. The best materials, in addition to the usual natural cobblestone, are talc chloride, basalt or jadeite. Such stones of various sizes can be purchased at specialized stores.
It is very important to lay the stones correctly. The layout begins in such a way that the largest, most massive of them are at the bottom. They will not prevent the passage of heat to those located above and will create a powerful supply of heat. Then stones of medium size are laid out, and only at the very top - small in size.
This order will provide the upper layer of stones with heating to a temperature of 300 - 400 º - exactly what is needed for dry steam. When water hits well-heated stones, evaporation occurs literally instantly and is accompanied by a characteristic crack.
If the stones are flattened, then when laying them, their spatial orientation must also be taken into account. With their long side, they should be located along the main heat flow, otherwise a kind of “locking” will occur when the lower stones overheat and the upper ones do not reach the required temperature regime.
Neglecting the rules for laying stones will drastically reduce the overall healing effect of the bath. The steam will begin to “get heavier” very quickly, and although, perhaps, the overall temperature in the steam room will not decrease significantly, staying in it will do more harm than good - there is simply nothing to breathe in a waterlogged room.
Video: how to properly lay stones in a sauna stove
Prices for various types of stones for furnaces
Stones for stoves
So, a do-it-yourself sauna stove is a completely feasible task, if all technological nuances are taken into account during manufacture, and the established safety requirements are observed during installation. But a self-made stove will not only help save a fairly significant amount, but will also become the pride of the owner when it becomes possible to invite his friends to the bath.
Advantages of wood burning stoves:
- savings on the supply of gas pipes or;
- firewood can be easily purchased or prepared independently;
- wood fills the room with a pleasant aroma;
- wide range of models.
Cons of wood stoves:
- erection and periodic cleaning;
- the steam room will warm up for a long time compared to stoves operating on another;
- systematic cleaning of the ash pan;
- firewood will have to be constantly thrown up so that the warming process does not freeze.
Gas sauna stoves
This type of oven is characterized by the presence of a thermostat and a gas fuse. Well, and, of course, the source of gas is either a main gas pipeline, or.In favor of gas stoves they say the following pluses:
- compactness (no ash pan and firebox) - accordingly, such a stove can be installed even in a small steam room;
- no need to constantly monitor the availability of fuel (for example, you do not have to throw firewood regularly);
- you can independently regulate the temperature (set it to a comfortable one, and it will be maintained in the steam room);
- fast heating with low gas consumption.
- the need to connect to a gas pipeline or purchase a cylinder;
- in the case of the operation of the furnace from bottled gas, you will have to take care of the fire safety not only of the bath itself, but also of the place where the cylinders are stored.
Important:
- When buying a gas oven, be sure check all documents for it(technical certificate). The device must comply with generally accepted quality standards for gas equipment. If there are no documents, alas, you have come across an unscrupulous seller. And no one is responsible for reliability.
- buy gas ovens well-known manufacturers in branded stores. By no means "private".
- Devices that are past their useful life or simply "junk" can be sold on used item websites. You should not tempt fate with such a furnace, even if you are seduced by a small price.
Electric sauna stoves
Finally, the most popular type of sauna stoves today are electric stoves. They differ in shape, size and power. They work, of course, on electricity.
Electric oven for a bath. Photo from the site
Advantages of electric ovens:
- compactness;
- reliability and durability;
- quick heating of the steam room in a short time;
- uniform heating;
- affordable cost;
- no need to build and clean a chimney, supply gas pipes, etc.
- high level of fire safety.
Combined models operate on two types of fuel. For example, there are gas-wood stoves. They use firewood and liquefied gas. Their design provides for the presence of a firebox for firewood and gas burner equipment.
2. Firebox location
On this basis, furnaces are divided into ordinary and with extended firebox. Elongated allows you to heat the steam room from an adjacent room. This improves the level of fire safety and makes the microclimate of the bath more comfortable.3. Steam source
This additional parameter divides the range of ovens into, again, ordinary and with separate steam generator. Traditional bath steam should be dry and not heavy. Not every oven is capable of producing a sufficient amount of such steam. Then the steam generator is used.
4. Features of heating the room
Sauna stoves can be cold and hot. At the first, the walls will not heat up above +45 ° C. The second can warm up to +100 ° C. Heat is given off through the walls.5. Shape
There are 3 main types of sauna stoves:- rectangular,
- curly,
- cylindrical.
The most important stage in the arrangement of a modern bath is the choice of a stove.
The type, shape and functional features of the firebox affect the safety of staying in the steam room, the rate of heat generated and the saturation of the steam produced.
We will figure out what equipment should be chosen for a Russian bath or sauna, so that bath procedures bring maximum benefit to the human body.
Characteristics
The choice of a stove for a bath begins with determining the key characteristics of such equipment.
The main purpose of the stove is to maintain heat in the bath during wellness procedures.
Important characteristics that you need to pay attention to when choosing heating equipment are:
- Convection;
- Steam volume;
- Firebox shape (elongated or standard);
- fuel power.
vaporization
The main indicator of any steam room is the quantity and quality of steam. The best option is light and saturated steam, which is obtained by heating the air to 86 degrees.
It is possible to achieve a similar result in practice using modern wood-burning fireboxes with a built-in steam generator, which contributes to the rapid heating of stones. Such models of furnaces ensure the maintenance of optimal air temperature and the formation of saturated steam.
Convection
The next important characteristic is air convection, which provides for the formation of air flows between the heater and the protective casing. In the process of heating the stove, the cold air mass slowly moves down, and as it heats up, it moves up. Convection ensures equalization of air heating temperatures and contributes to the rapid heating of the steam room.
Models of stoves without a convection component also allow you to create the necessary microclimate in the room, but much longer.
Extended firebox
For convenient use of the stove in the bath, it is recommended to install models equipped with an elongated firebox. A similar design is mounted in a wall or a special opening between the dressing room and the steam room, allowing you to add fuel at any time, as well as heat several working rooms in the bath at the same time.
Fuel power
Fuel power determines the speed of heating the steam room. When choosing a stove, first you need to calculate the volume of the steam room and the required fuel power.
To do this, 1 cubic meter is added to the internal volume of the room. for every 1 sq.m. door and window openings. The heat output of the heating equipment is calculated based on the internal volume of the stove.
Furnace power = 0.5×V,
where V - (internal volume of the furnace in liters).
For example, a furnace with a furnace volume of 25 liters has a heat output of 12 kW.
Kinds
How to choose a stove for a bath to ensure quick space heating and comfortable rest at any time of the year? High-quality equipment should be compact, durable, convenient and safe to use.
Meanwhile, it is better to choose models of stoves for the Russian bath, which have sufficient heat output and the ability to form thick and saturated steam.
There are three types of sauna stoves on the market today:
- Wood;
- Electrical;
- Gas.
wood burning
Wood-burning stoves can create a special atmosphere of coziness and comfort in baths and saunas. Such fire chambers differ in a practicality, convenience and durability.
Wellness procedures can be started 40 minutes after the start of the heating process. Among other things, a wood-fired sauna stove contributes to efficient heat accumulation over a long period of operation.
To choose a wood-burning stove, it is important to know some of its distinctive characteristics:
- The firebox in such a heater can be of a remote or built-in type of different volume;
- In some models, the doors are made of refractory glass, additionally equipped with an expansion and a grate.
- For the manufacture of the case, brick or metal is used.
brick
metal
Electrical
The easiest and most affordable option for heating any bath is, which are distinguished by high power, compact size and high speed of air heating. Electric heating equipment is installed without a chimney, so it completely eliminates the possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning.
The electric heater is convenient and practical in operation, equipped with an automatic control system. Lightweight metal housing eliminates injury and burns.
The main disadvantage of such equipment is high power consumption.
Gas
According to the heating temperature of the outer walls, the furnaces are cold and hot.
- In hot heaters, the air temperature reaches 100 degrees, for this reason, such equipment is recommended to be installed in any steam room, as well as in rooms where there are no other heating options.
- The heating temperature of the walls in cold fireboxes does not exceed 50 degrees, and the air in the room is heated through special channels through which cold air enters the heater and returns hot. Channels allow you to correctly adjust the temperature.
According to the design features, fireboxes are of constant and direct heating.
- Direct heating units (intermittent) are designed in such a way that heated stones can accumulate heat for a long time. The heating process takes up to 10 hours, and the bath procedures begin after it is completed.
- Constant heating devices (continuous) require fewer stones to fire and heat the air to medium temperatures.
There are also combined options - brick fireboxes using liquid fuel. It is good to heat such a stove before and during the main health procedures.
Which stones to choose
Properly selected firebox contributes to the accumulation and transfer of heat indoors. And for this it is necessary to prepare one of the key attributes of the furnace -.
Experts recommend choosing stones of volcanic origin that are resistant to high temperatures, cracking and damage. For heaters, it is better to use round stones of different sizes with a smooth polished surface.
The basis of the masonry is large cobblestones, the middle is medium stones, and the top is small pebbles.
For modern heaters, granite, andesite, basalt, quartz, pebbles will be the best option. They can be purchased at specialized stores, or you can assemble them yourself.
To enhance the convection of heated air and better heat accumulation, you can additionally use special products made of refractory ceramics or porcelain, which are laid out with the topmost layer.
To understand which stove to choose for a bath, first of all, you should focus on personal preferences and financial capabilities, as well as take into account the technical features of the steam room and the performance characteristics of the heater.
If the site is connected to a gas main, a gas-fired brick heater can be provided. In the absence of gasification, it is better to opt for a finished stove using solid fuel. If wellness procedures are rarely carried out, then you can purchase a compact electric heater - the safest and fastest heating of the premises.
Sauna wood stove attracts attention with its compact, aesthetic appearance and inexpensive price.
Heating speed on the positive side characterizes the technological component of the design, and ease of maintenance allows you to keep the heater in good condition.
Which one to choose? Requirements for wood-fired sauna stoves
The construction of wood-burning bath products provides for:
- installation of the furnace and screens made of metal;
- presence around the structure chimney, isolated from heating;
- arrangement in the adjacent room furnaces consuming oxygen;
- access and air circulation;
- air circulation at lining the casing with bricks;
- furnace firewood predominantly hardwood;
- timely removal of combustion products;
- regular chimney cleaning from soot.
Important! Fire safety during the construction and operation of bath stoves, it requires strict adherence to established rules.
Criteria for choosing the most suitable stove for a bath
Depending on the features of the installed design will depend heating efficiency and quality premises. Wood-burning bath structures are built mainly brick, they rarely require cladding and have a well-balanced thermal output.
metal wood products can be purchased at specialized retail outlets. Industrial enterprises have mastered the production of these products and offer the consumer different models with technical specifications.
When buying an oven be guided by certain criteria, among which:
- power ratio designs to volume bath room ( for 1 cu. m - 1 kW power);
- thermal output steel or cast iron structure (air temperature at the bottom of the steam room should be 40-50 degrees);
- duration of burning of one bookmark firewood (determined by the consumer individually);
- Availability furnace tunnel providing unhindered air flow;
- presence in the furnace door heat resistant glass, through which the flame of fire can be seen.
Reference. The choice of heating design is significantly influenced by square steam room, and material properties and characteristics from which the stove is made.
Room area
The power of the heating structure must correspond to the area and volume of the steam room. During construction ovens takes into account:
- type, power and volume future heating device;
- location;
- volume designs together with lining;
- ceiling height in the premises.
Important! Often, consumers mistakenly believe that the power of the structure should be greater than necessary. Exceeding power ratings leads to temperature imbalance and reduce the effect from staying in the steam room.
High-quality and uniform heating is achieved only when it is found correct ratio power to the steam room area.
Furnace size
The power of any heating device directly depends on furnace dimensions. When building a wood-burning stove yourself, you should correctly calculate all the necessary parameters that will correspond to the size of the room.
Based on the total volume of the steam room, the power is calculated according to the scheme: 1 cu. m = 1 kW power. If power divide by a factor of 0.5, learn furnace volume in liters, a extracting from the amount received cube root — linear quantities wood firebox.
From the established dimensions, the parameters of the structure constructed from bricks will be determined. Standard size of one brick(long 250 , width 120 and height 65 mm) will allow you to calculate the dimensions of the heating installation. Wherein 5 mm is added to each seam.
Produced metal structures have fixed dimensions and specifications. Thus, the device is selected taking into account the volume of the steam room.
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materials
The manufacture of sauna stoves involves the construction of structures from the appropriate brands refractory heat-resistant brick or its production metal.
The brick structure is characterized by a long warm-up period, but retains and evenly distributes heat for a long time. The brick sauna stove is safe by accidental contact.
Metal structures heat up quickly and also cool down quickly. If handled carelessly, high the likelihood of getting burned.
To solve the problem of heat loss and safety, the owners of most bath rooms are trying impose metal constructions natural stones, artificial stone or brick.
Efficiency from cladding with these materials significantly increases, the design begins to save thermal energy and rationally spend it.
Description of the best stoves: how to make a personal rating
The choice of design largely depends from the goals, purpose and characteristics of the premises. A bathhouse and a sauna are completely different areas with opposite temperature conditions, dry or humid air, and the absence or presence of steam.
Interior decoration of such premises is different and provides for a special approach in the choice of heating devices.
For a wooden bath
Wooden baths are different increased fire hazard. Walls, ceiling - almost all elements of the steam room are made of wood. In wooden rooms, stoves are built mostly brick. Purchased in a distribution network, metal structures are lined with natural stones, bricks or artificial stone.
When choosing a heating device, the main attention is paid to structures with remote firebox, which, for security reasons, is taken to a room adjacent to the steam room.
Photo 1. A brick oven for a wooden bath with a remote firebox, you can lay firewood from the dressing room.
The choice of furnace depends on its manufacturing technology and is characterized by a volumetric firebox, as well as the presence of space for a certain number of stones above the heating structure.
Special attention when buying a design, pay on the chimney, which is made of metal and for safety purposes must be insulated from the ceiling with non-combustible materials.
Reference. The choice of furnace largely depends on criteria that take into account features and characteristics of the structure, as well as the existing finishing of the steam room.
For a traditional Russian bath
The Russian bath is distinguished by a heavy stove high power, which retains heat for a long time and gives wet steam. The requirements for choosing a design for a Russian bath are much higher and it can be difficult to choose a heating device to constantly maintain high air humidity.
To reach in the steam room 100% humidity air and temperature 50-70 degrees, the oven should be checked for compliance with the instructions.
Photo 2. A brick oven with a closed heater and a boiler for heating water is great for a Russian bath.
The design for the Russian bath is made in such a way that stones are located behind a permanently closed door inside the heater. Access to the stones is opened only when there is a need to throw water. This feature allows you to increase the heating of stones several times more than with their surface placement.
The choice of a stove for a Russian bath is also carried out according to a criterion that provides for the possibility heat water in a boiler.
Important! Unlike a sauna, a person staying in a steam room of a Russian bath is constantly on the move throwing water on the rocks. Rest comes after leaving the steam room. This fact also influences the choice of a suitable heating device.
For sauna
Saunas are characterized by dry hot air, temperature which reaches 120 degrees, a humidity does not exceed 25%.
In saunas, as well as in wooden baths, periodic overturning of water on stones is also provided. But the process of obtaining steam in the sauna is not the main one and the steam effect quickly disappears due to good ventilation of the room.
Photo 3. A compact metal stove with an open heater will provide the sauna with heat and dry steam.
The choice of heaters for a sauna is stopped at structures that, according to the features and characteristics of the room, can provide dry hot air.
Important! When choosing a stove for a sauna, attention is paid to little human activity resting in the steam room. Thanks to dry steam, perspiration is achieved naturally, after which the person calmly leaves the steam room.
The choice can fall on any wood-burning stove with an open stone arrangement. The design power is selected according to room size.
Useful video
A video that talks about some of the intricacies of choosing a stove for a bath: when to start planning the installation, how to heat it and what heating modes are distinguished.
Safety measures: it is necessary to heat the stove with wood correctly!
Any oven where fuel is used to heat the room, considered a fire hazard. Fundamental rules safe use of wood-burning sauna stoves:
- forbidden leave burning stove unattended; Odnoklassniki