The tourism industry is currently one of the most promising in Russia. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the number of people traveling around the world and within the country has been growing at an unprecedented pace. And even the economic crisis in the country only affected travel to other countries, and domestic tourism is only gaining momentum. Therefore, investing in the hotel business today is a thought that excites the minds of entrepreneurs and people who want to join their number. In this article, we will talk about how to open a hotel from scratch what you need to do and how to avoid common mistakes.

How to open a hotel from scratch - budget

Before you start thinking about how to open a hotel business from scratch, you need to evaluate the amount of feasible investment. It doesn’t matter if you are focusing on your own funds, or are going to take a loan from a bank, you need to know the size of the budget as accurately as possible. As noted by the "experienced", with a competent approach, the hotel can begin to pay for itself in a couple of years - and this is a very attractive indicator.

Of course, the amount of investment depends on many factors, ranging from the city in which it is planned to open a hotel from scratch, and ending with the price list for rooms. But there are also some average figures, which one way or another can be relied upon when drawing up a business plan. A hotel with 20-30 rooms will require, according to rough estimates, from 5 million rubles.

How to open a hotel business from scratch - where to start

• Foundation of a legal entity. First you need to decide on the choice of organizational and legal form. If you are planning to open a hotel with up to 50 rooms, it will be enough to issue an IP. To open a large hotel business, LLC is preferred.
• Taxes. At the initial stage, hotel business owners choose a simplified taxation system, or a single tax form (it is calculated based on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises). In any case, an accountant's consultation is required, with whom it is necessary to evaluate an individually prepared business plan. Based on the planned profit, the form of tax calculation is also selected.
• Permissive documentation. The hotel business in the Russian Federation is not subject to mandatory certification. However, there are a number of related services that require licensing. For example, if you plan to sell alcoholic products, you need a special license. The same goes for dry cleaning, providing hairdressing services, etc. Getting them is not an extremely difficult task, but be sure to study the requirements for businesses before making a financial plan.

What documents are needed to open a hotel business?

You can develop your own concept of a hotel that will provide exclusive services, or open a mini-hotel with a standard service. In this case, the composition of the title documents will be approximately the same:

• Documents for the premises, land plot, indicating the right to dispose of them (lease agreement or certificate of ownership).
• Legal registration certificate person and registration with the tax office.
• Licenses for a number of services (sale of alcoholic products, dry cleaning, etc.)
• Permits confirming compliance with the prescribed standards, agreed with the fire inspectorate, SES, etc.
• Star rating. This document is not mandatory, but if you want to open a mini-hotel or a large hotel, on the facade of which stars (from 1 to 5) will flaunt, you can go through this procedure. Today, most tourists are guided by the number of stars, so it is advisable to receive a certificate of conformity.
• Permission to advertise. Even to place banners on your own fence, by law you need to obtain permission. On average, for 1 banner, in addition to a package of documents, a state duty of 5 thousand rubles is required. (The figure is current for 2016).
• A number of internal documents, such as a cleaning schedule, registration of cash registers, etc.
• Documentation confirming the conclusion of contracts with third-party organizations organizing garbage collection, security measures, disinfection, etc.

Summarizing the above: in order to open your hotel from scratch, you need an impressive package of documents, the receipt of which for an unprepared person can take many months. According to the experience of hoteliers, the presence of a competent lawyer in the state, who must begin work long before opening a business, is necessary.

How to open a hotel - detailed instructions for beginner entrepreneurs. Choosing a hotel format + regulatory framework + business registration procedure. Production, marketing and financial plans of the project. How to open a mini hotel on the sea - features of the tourist niche of the hotel business.

The hotel business is one of the oldest areas that has stable popularity within our country. Business trips, tourist trips - Russia is a huge country, and therefore, there is always a demand for hotel rooms. Today we will talk about how to open a hotel from scratch, and where it is a priority to do this in general - the sea, mountains, large cities, or places where the memos of the Russian Federation are concentrated. After reading the article, you will be able to independently establish a procedure that will lead your business to success.

Is it worth opening your own hotel in 2019-2020 - analysis of the service market

Opening a hotel in Russia is not a problem, the difficulty is keeping it afloat. The target audience that will rent rooms in your establishment will be mainly tourists and workers who are sent to other settlements on duty of their work.

Statistics says that most hotels in our country are large-scale establishments with a large number of rooms. Although it is easier to open a mini-hotel from scratch, not many people want to do such a thing now, but in vain. Unlike large hotels, where the payback period exceeds 6-7 years, mini-hotels are able to return the invested funds 2-3 times faster. When it comes to mini-hotels of apartment type, then here the profitability is even higher, and the payback is at the level of 1-1.5 years.

Trends in the hotel service market in 2019:

• growth in the level of business activity in large cities of Russia, which leads to a steady increase in demand for hotel services;
• more than 50% of large cities experience a shortage of hotels;
• in the economy segment, the lack of mini-hotels for 2 or 3 stars is felt even more strongly;
• in 2019, the cities of our state are actively developing the tourism sector + infrastructure, and this requires the business to open even more hotels, both mini-format and full-fledged complexes.

Two areas should be separated in which the main competition for individual entrepreneurs will be concentrated - mini hotels and apartments that are rented by the day. Since the price category of the latter is an order of magnitude more profitable for customers, it is necessary to carefully consider the concept of the institution - to introduce periodic bonuses, spend money on a marketing campaign, and the like.

Why open a hotel:

• high and constant demand;
• prestige and respectability of the direction in business;
• a large number of opportunities to reduce start-up costs through partnerships with other infrastructure points in the distribution city;
• due to the high level of liquidity, in the event of a change in the field of activity, the current business can be easily sold under the hammer or privately;
• an entrepreneur who decides to open a mini-hotel from scratch can count on help in implementing the idea from the city authorities.

The disadvantages that may affect an individual entrepreneur who decided to open a hotel from scratch include a high start-up capital and a lack of qualified personnel. In addition, the business location area should be taken into account, since about 20% of settlements have an overabundance of offers in this direction. The uneven distribution of demand across the country forces a businessman to conduct an even deeper analysis of the state of the market, since opening a hotel in a place where it will not have customers will put an end to it even before it is launched.

What is included in a deep analysis of the service market:

infrastructure.

Everything is simple here. If there are bars, restaurants and entertainment-type establishments near the potential rental place, it will be more rational to enter into partnerships with them, rather than organize all this from scratch in your own establishment.

The cost of opening will decrease + you will get connections that can be useful in the further expansion of the business;

competitors.

No one forbids a businessman to borrow some useful chips from competitive establishments. Naturally, making a carbon copy of a hotel from scratch does not make sense, because the flow of customers will instantly be divided into two.

If there is a mini hotel or a guest house nearby, then it would be more rational to open a more respectable 4-5 star hotel nearby, and vice versa;

seasonality.

Having decided to open a hotel in a metropolis from scratch, this factor of influence is almost imperceptible, because there is a flow of customers there at any time of the year. All because of the target audience for which hotels are designed - employees, students, and so on.

When the hotel is located on the seashore or near a ski resort, seasonality comes first - the difference between the flow of customers in winter and summer can vary up to 90%.

Even if we take into account the unstable economic situation in our country at the moment, the question of how to open your own hotel from scratch will not lose relevance for many more years, because this service market is growing very slowly, in contrast to the level of demand itself. The right one will help reduce the likelihood of a negative outcome and risks that relate to the hotel business as such. And how exactly it is necessary to develop this document for the hotel, we will analyze further.

How to open a hotel from scratch - a typical business plan for a project

In order to open a hotel from scratch, it is enough to use one of the standard business plans with its own settlement part, which can be found on the Internet. The problem is that for a high-quality and detailed document, you may be required to pay a tidy sum, and you may remain dissatisfied with the end result of the purchase. If you want to get involved in the work from the very beginning, we advise you to develop a plan on your own.

The procedure for an entrepreneur who decides to open a hotel from scratch:

1. The organizational part, which will include determining the format of the hotel, registering the case with the tax authorities, obtaining all kinds of licensing permits.
2. Production plan, which will list the staff, requirements for the building, a possible design project (when building a building for a hotel from scratch), and equipment for equipping rooms / bathrooms and the like;
3. Directly launching the hotel itself or a mini hotel.
4. The marketing part of the work, through which as many potential customers as possible should learn about the hotel. It is important to create a positive reputation of the institution from the very beginning, because the competitiveness of the hotel in the service market will directly depend on this.
5. Development and expansion.

It can take up to 3 months from the moment the plan is created to the opening of the hotel, however, the entrepreneur is able to combine some of the activities, thereby reducing the time for project implementation to 1-1.5 months. When a person does not have knowledge in the field in question, the risk of burning out at a hotel increases significantly. You can protect yourself - either hire a specialist in planning and supervision of all stages of the opening, or engage in self-development and attend 3-5 courses / trainings, fortunately, now this training option is not a problem at all, and it costs mere pennies.

1. Format, registration and permissions

The first thing an entrepreneur must decide on when deciding to open a hotel from scratch is what format of the establishment is right for him. It should be understood that the speed of organizing the business and the amount of start-up capital will directly depend on the outcome of this decision.

Starting a hotel from scratch does not mean that a person should build a complex of 100+ rooms. This alignment is unprofitable due to many factors - the duration of the launch, the high cost of the project, and the likelihood of losing the relevance of the business by the time of opening. The best way is to rent premises with the possibility of redevelopment.

What hotel formats should be considered:

The most economical and fastest option on how to open your own mini hotel from scratch. It is based on a network of rooms, each of which can accommodate from 5 to 15 people. Payment at the hotel is carried out by beds. Bathroom, kitchen and recreation area - common;

mini hotel.

In second place in terms of ease of organization. To open a mini hotel, it is enough to rent a couple of floors of a residential building and, after a small renovation, open 30 - 50 rooms. The only thing is that 1-2 apartments will have to be allocated to the reception and a mini canteen / buffet;

The format is similar to mini hotels, however, it is a priority to open such an establishment near the roadside, where tourists, truckers and just people who do not want to spend the night in a car will be the main customers. The set of amenities and furniture for such a mini hotel is also minimal. For a high payback, you need to choose transport interchanges with high traffic permeability;

guesthouse, or as it is also called - a guest house.

It is difficult to call such a format even a mini-hotel. This establishment is more of a family business. It is based on living in rooms that are located in 1-2 houses. A full range of amenities are included, and meals are most often organized through a home-style kitchen;

resort hotel.

One of the most expensive options, which is designed for wealthy clients. In addition to the rooms themselves, the hotel is obliged to provide the visitor with high-quality restaurant meals, a gym, a sauna and other whims that can be found very rarely in ordinary mini-hotels;

business hotel.

From the name it is clear that the rooms should have a prestigious and not cheap look. Since the main clients here will be employees of companies, agencies and other large organizations + their purpose of travel is work, it will not be superfluous to have 2-3 conference rooms in the hotel and a complete set of all necessary office equipment.

As you can see, you can open a hotel from scratch both in economy and premium formats. It all depends on the starting capital and the area in which the future institution will be located. So, for recreation areas, a business hotel will not be the best solution, and vice versa, opening a resort hotel in a metropolis is a waste of money. Most the best options for a novice entrepreneur are considered to be a mini hotel and a hostel. If the cat cried money for the opening, it would not be superfluous to think about opening a guest house, since in terms of the size of the starting capital, it holds a leading position in the “economy” section.

The second step on the way to your own hotel is the registration of a private legal entity. Which form of ownership to choose depends on the size of your business. The best option for a novice businessman who plans to open a mini-hotel is individual entrepreneurship. The list of documentation that is required for both individual entrepreneurs and LLC, we have submitted in the table below.

Enterprise type	Description	Documentation
IP (individual entrepreneur)	This form is used to create a small mini-hotel, with a staff of 5-10 people.	Receipt of payment of the state duty (800 rubles)
		Certified application by a notary in the form No. Р21001
		Application for the transition to the simplified tax system (otherwise it will be the default OSNO) Notification in the form 26.2-1
		Copy of all pages of the passport
LLC (limited liability company)	This form is used to create a large hotel, hire employees, scale the network and attract external financing (loans).	Application Form No. Р11001
		LLC Charter
		Decision to open an LLC or protocol if there are several founders (partners)
		Receipt of payment of the state duty (4000 rubles)
		Notarized copies of the founders' passports
		Application for transfer to USN. Notice Form 26.2-1

If you are going to open a hotel under an LLC, you must take into account that the amount of the authorized capital, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, cannot exceed 10,000 rubles.

Which OKVED will need to be indicated:

• 55.10 - the code is responsible for the operation of hotels and the hotel business;
• 55.11 - for those who will combine a hotel and a catering establishment together;
• 55.12 - hotel operation without using the services of a built-in restaurant;
• 55.2 - operation of places for temporary residence of other types;
• 55.23.3 - provision of services for the rental of hotel rooms with furniture;
• 70.20.1 - long-term rental of premises (if you suddenly have a guest house of a similar format).

And the last nuance in the paperwork is the choice of the taxation system under which your hotel will operate. By default, this is the BASIC, however, this option is rather unprofitable, therefore, it is advised to switch to one of the varieties of the simplified taxation system. There are 2 options here - STS for gross, for businesses with a profitability of 40%, and STS for income, for hotels whose profitability does not exceed 25%. There is also UTII, however, as in the case of OSNO, it is better not to use it because of the low benefit in comparison with both types of simplified tax system.

Another option that should be considered by private entrepreneurs is franchise work. Since new hotels do not have a sufficient level of popularity, it is incredibly problematic for them to get customers at the start.

What is required for a franchise:

• open a hotel with a certain number of rooms;
• the set of services we provide is taken from the franchisor's price list;
• payments for used property;
• royalty.

The starting fee for the franchise is floating, and depends on the company under whose brand the person is going to open his own hotel. On average, this is from $ 4,000 and above. In addition, if the franchise is in demand, the distributor may also require monthly fees, which are set as a percentage of the hotel's income.

So many expenses. What does a businessman get in return - you ask. First of all, completely off-the-shelf business model s, which practically does not need to be changed. A private manager who will not only follow all the stages of opening a hotel, but also help in the implementation of each of them. And of course, a high-profile brand, thanks to which, your establishment will be known even before it opens.

2. Production part of the hotel business

This section includes the choice of a place for a hotel, its equipment and repairs. It is possible to carry out the selection of premises for the future complex in parallel with the registration of the business itself - this will reduce the time to start a business from scratch.

a) How to choose a room for a hotel?

The building in which it is planned to open a hotel is very unprofitable to rent or build from scratch. In the first case, the main obstacle will be the impossibility of redevelopment due to the lack of appropriate permits, and in the second case, the amount of start-up capital, which will increase significantly. Most often, either a private building or a purchased building with a full package of documents is used for a hotel from scratch. In this case, there will be practically no problems with changing the layout of the future hotel and obtaining the necessary permits.

The optimal premises to open a hotel from scratch are considered to be:

• the lower part of high-rise buildings-new buildings. It is possible to use real estate from the secondary housing market, however, there may be problems with residents who do not want to change their place of residence;
• burning buildings that came out of communal property and are put up for sale to private owners. When considering such a variant of a building for a hotel, it is necessary to carefully study the layout - it should correspond as closely as possible to your design project of the future establishment;
• houses of private owners with a large area. It is possible to buy several houses at once, located next to each other. The size of the future hotel will depend directly on the purchasing potential of the businessman and its format. Most often, this option is considered by entrepreneurs who plan to open from scratch either a mini hotel or a guest house.

If you find an ideal option for a hotel, without the need for redevelopment, then you can think about a long-term lease of the building for a period of 10 years or more. To increase the profitability of the business, it would not be superfluous to agree with the owner of the building on the possibility of a subsequent purchase, since renting such huge areas on a permanent basis is not financially feasible.

Requirements for hotels from public services:

• in hostels, the footage per guest must be at least 4 squares. For mini-hotels and hotels of other types, the minimum allowable area for accommodation of a person is from 6 square meters;
• the hotel must have connected electricity, water supply and sewerage;
• equipment with a ventilation system + garbage collectors is required;
• the administrative part of the mini hotel must be located regardless of the area under the rooms.

In accordance with the requirements of public services, the entrepreneur has the right to open a mini hotel only in non-residential fund. If the chosen premises is listed as a residential property, it will take a couple of weeks, or even months, to re-register the building into the required type of property.

Hotel accommodation requirements:

• proximity to train stations or airports, if there are any in your city;
• nearby parking spaces or partner/hotel private parking;
• if you expect to open a mini-hotel from scratch, worry about the proximity to the rented building of public catering facilities, since there is no question of your own canteen in this business format. When opening a full-fledged institution, compliance with this condition is not necessary;
• if a person buys out part of the building, then he can open a hotel without problems with neighbors only on the first floor;
• the building has no historical value, as you will not be allowed to reconstruct or change the layout in this case.

Taking into account all the described conditions for the location of the hotel, the best options should be considered the city center / business district, places near attractions or transportation points, as well as buildings on the seashore or along a highway with active traffic. When choosing a place for a hotel, you should not ignore the compliance of the place with the chosen format of the hotel, as the wrong combination can put an end to the business in the very first months after its launch.

The interior design of the future institution directly depends on the format chosen by the entrepreneur. For a fashionable hotel, this is luxury and wealth, and for a mini hotel, it is a practical non-staining design project. It is better not to resort to bright colors, but to do everything in soothing colors, which will allow the guest to relax and feel at home. If you approach the issue responsibly, then more than 30% of the positive reputation of your establishment will be formed precisely due to design.

b) The issue of personnel and equipment

We think you have heard one of the catchphrases - "cadres decide everything." So, if we take into account the hotel business, then this expression will come here as well as possible. Depending on how exactly the employees of the institution work, the client forms an opinion about the hotel as a whole. Minor flaws in other quality indicators can be carefully smoothed out by the hotel staff, therefore, the search for worthy candidates should be approached with all responsibility.

The list of hotel employees should include:

managing person.

The person who will actually manage the mini-hotel, solving all the pressing organizational issues;

administrator.

A person whose duties include direct communication with clients and assistance in their resettlement. One of the most important duties of an employee is booking, check-in and settlement;

maids.

The number of vacancies is adjusted to the size of the institution being opened. For mini hotels, only 2-3 people will be enough. Most often, the maid performs related duties, doing laundry, cleaning and other trifles in the room. In order for a person to have time to do everything qualitatively, hire at the rate of 4-5 rooms per 1 employee;

technical worker.

Engaged in electricity, ventilation and other life support systems. In addition, if the manager has accepted a generalist, he can also perform work related to the repair / debugging of furniture and other equipment, which is located in the hotel rooms;

guards.

A couple of people working in shifts to ensure the safety of your establishment at night, and maybe during the day;

porter (optional).

A person who personifies the spirit of the establishment, whose duties include meeting the guests of the establishment and helping with their luggage.

A specialist can be engaged in accounting on the basis of an employment contract with hourly pay or remotely. The same goes for the clerk. If an entrepreneur is going to open a resort hotel by the sea or a business hotel, he will have to spend money on his own kitchen, and in this case, you simply cannot do without good chefs - + 3-4 more vacancies per institution.

The minimum list of equipment for opening a hotel:

• beds in one or two tiers, depending on the format of the establishment;
• on the nightstand in place;
• cabinets, chairs and tables;
• administrative desk;
• plumbing for each room - washbasins, showers and toilets;
• household appliances for each room - mini fridge, hair dryer, TV, boilers and so on. A complete list of amenities is formed depending on the price list of the hotel;
• building protection equipment - CCTV cameras, alarms, safes, etc.;
• linen sets and dishes;
• consumables for cleaning and cleaning hotel rooms, as well as laundry;
• office-type equipment - a couple of PCs / laptops, a telephone and an Internet connection.

Depending on the list of services in the business plan, according to which a person is going to open a hotel, the final list of equipment can be adjusted upwards. The final amount of investment required for the considered item of expenditure is also floating, and depends on the number of rooms of the future institution.

3. Hotel advertising campaign

Opening a hotel from scratch is only 50% of the work. The remaining half is the promotion of services and the formation of a positive reputation of the institution. That is why the marketing plan is one of the most costly items of expenditure for a businessman, especially with a high level of competition within the distribution city.

One of the methods of forming a positive opinion of customers is a wide range of services that will be offered by the administration. There is no need to create a price list from scratch, since you can find the most popular offers on the Internet.

What services can be distributed on behalf of the institution:

• rent a number;
• food in the room or restaurant / buffet. If you have a mini hotel, then building a catering facility from scratch does not make sense. It is better to contact nearby outlets and enter into a long-term partnership with them;
• putting things in order in the room;
• dry cleaning of the guest's belongings;
• “alarm clock” is a service for guests who find it difficult to wake up on their own in the morning. To wake up the client, either a call from the reception or a knock on the maid's door is used;
• assistance in looking after the younger generation;
• search and provision of data on transport and institutions that are in the city;
• call an ambulance;
• delivery of postal correspondence;
• booking tickets with hotel partners - circuses, theaters, cinemas and so on;
• parking;
• access to the Internet.

Some of the services can be free, and some - for a minimal fee. In addition to the basic price list, premium hotels also have more expensive offers - a sauna, a jacuzzi, a restaurant, and so on.

How to promote a hotel from scratch:

• mass media, in particular, thematic publications or guidebooks;
• advertising within the city - billboards, streamers, billboards and so on;
• promotional offers with the participation of the media;
• leaflets, booklets and other printed materials;
• Personal site.

The last tool of the marketing campaign is especially important, since they will find out about your mini hotel or premium hotel from the Internet when searching and booking rooms in advance. The more colorful and thoughtful the resource is presented, the higher the chance to get regular customers.

4. Financial plan for opening a hotel from scratch

The expense part of the business idea under consideration is its sore spot. Opening even a mini-hotel is not cheap. In most cases, people who already have a building in idle time, which needs to be attached somewhere, are engaged in this area. Otherwise, the key item of expenditure is the purchase / rental of real estate.

How much will it cost to open a hotel from scratch:

• 8,000,000 rubles or more - the cost of real estate for a future hotel;
• 120,000 rubles - expenses for registering a business and processing other documents;
• 2,000,000 - 3,000,000 rubles - implementation of the design project of the future hotel;
• 1,200,000+ rubles - the cost of purchasing equipment;
• 200,000 rubles - monthly wage fund;
• 80,000 rubles - operating costs;
• 50,000 rubles - spending on an advertising campaign.

Total starting capital should be about 12,000,000 rubles. The last 3 items refer to monthly expenses. The calculations describe an optimistic course of events. P In a pessimistic scenario, the expenditure side may increase by 50-70%, at least.

The income part, as well as the expenditure part, will be formed on the basis of an average mini-hotel opened from scratch. Let a night in a room for 1 person be about 3,200 rubles. The total profit will be formed based on seasonal factors, occupancy and number of rooms. Statistically, income will be about 700,000 rubles for 1 month, and the net annual profit will be a little more than 5,000,000 rubles. A successful marketing campaign can increase this figure by another 25-35%. Thus, the payback of the project is 2-3 years, which is quite acceptable for the hotel business.

Unit economy: how to open a mini-hotel and make money?

Interview with the owner of the mini-hotel:

How to open a mini hotel on the sea - features of the direction

A universal plan for organizing a hotel business was described above, and now let's take a look at the features of a mini-hotel that an entrepreneur can open on the seashore or in a resort area. This is where the seasonality factor comes into play, because in winter there is no large influx of people on the seas, more precisely, there are almost no customers. An exception is if a businessman decides to open a mini-hotel from scratch in a town on the seashore, where income from tourism is secondary, and in addition to it, the settlement has other developed infrastructure points - factories, offices, and the like.

Classification of mini hotels according to the parameters of the premises:

• mini hotel in a private building - up to 10 beds;
• mini hotel in residential real estate - from 7 to 20 beds;
• mini hotel in non-residential real estate - from 20 to 30 rooms.

In addition to the dimension, there is also a classification of mini-hotels according to the class of services provided to their customers - home hotels, economy hotels, business hotels and apart-hotels. The requirements and regulatory framework for a mini hotel by the sea are no different from those indicated when registering a hotel business in large cities.

How to open a mini hotel on the sea - a checklist for IP / LLC:

1. Choice of a place on the beach or close to the resort.
2. and issuance of permits.
3. Remodeling of the building (if necessary).
4. Cosmetic repair of the exterior.
5. Implementation of an interior design project.
6. Search for employees for a mini hotel.
7. Purchase of equipment for a mini hotel.
8. Drawing up a price list for the range of services provided.
9. Promotion of a mini hotel before the start of the season.
10. Business expansion and reputation enhancement.

As a rule, there is always an influx of visitors to the sea - if we are talking about a good resort. About 3-4 months, the occupancy of the mini hotel will be 1000%. Further, it depends on the adjacent format of the institution and the potential of the place where it is located.

Features of opening a mini hotel from scratch on the sea:

• the seasonality of the business. Peak workload occurs in May-September - this is 95-100% of places. The rest of the time, either the activity is curtailed altogether, or the mini-hotel's space is rented out for banquet halls;
• the target audience consists of 60% of families. This fact requires family rooms, not single rooms, from a mini hotel by the sea. In addition, it is necessary to take care of additional entertainment services for children while they are on the territory of the institution;
• establishment format. Many entrepreneurs prefer to move away from classic mini-hotels, and prefer guest houses - a minimum of redevelopment + the opportunity to establish home cooking.

When developing a financial plan for a mini hotel from scratch on the seashore, it is necessary, first of all, to resolve the issue of winter business downtime. If the town lives only at the expense of tourists at sea, then the profitability of a mini-hotel will decrease significantly, and the payback will be at the level of 4-5 years.

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Each of us in our life at least once faced both with renting a house for a long time, and with finding a place to stay for a couple of days in a city, or finding a hotel to stay. The sphere of tourism and hospitality is growing and developing, offering its guests more and more new services. This business has many directions: someone opens a huge hotel, and someone creates a mini-hotel in several apartments. According to some reports, most of the client flow falls on small-format hotels, since it is here that they find comfort and simplicity for a moderate fee instead of the impersonal approach of network giants. How to find your niche in such a flow of demand and organize an effective rental of real estate, Anna Kataeva told the BIBOSS portal, who by her example proved that this business is profitable and stable, and also allows you to constantly communicate with interesting, traveling people. In her management in a residential building there is a mini-hotel, which includes rooms - studio apartments.

The hospitality business is just for women, it satisfies the inner desire to create coziness, comfort and beauty for guests.

Where to start?

It used to be that mini-hotels were in demand in million-plus cities or resort areas, now the possibility of economical living is appreciated in any city. One of the reasons for the rapid development of this business is a good demand among customers, especially in the middle price category. However, in a wide range, you need to find your niche correctly. For the official registration of a large hotel, you need to purchase or build a building, which is not so simple. And for mini-hotels, this problem has been removed: they can be located in residential premises, that is, apartments, both purchased as property and rented.

But you still need to decide what format you are going to open a mini-hotel: buy or rent an entire residential building or organize it in residential premises (apartments, communal apartments, dorm rooms). The first option is expensive, with investments and execution of a large number of documents, the second is more economical and pays off faster (besides, if you are just starting this business, then it is better to start with it). After that, it is necessary to conduct a market audit and an audit of competitors. The capacity of the market should be looked at in a wide range: what hotels are, what rooms they offer and at what cost. Analysis of competitors for mini-hotels, apartments for a day is carried out by cost and duration of delivery. According to the price range, mini-hotels are divided into hostels with very affordable prices, home economy class hotels and mid-range and business-level apartments.

Anna Kataeva

I myself “got on” the phone and called the advertisements for renting apartments, rooms in mini-hotels, so that I personally had a picture of the market. You can go to nearby hotels and apartments and honestly say that you are going to open a mini-hotel. If the first owner does not tell anything and considers this information confidential, then the second or third one will tell, he will also give advice, and at the same time you will see how everything is arranged with them. Another analysis of competitors will help determine the set of services. I will say just in case that Wi-Fi should be free! Let me give you a personal example: I own real estate, and I have places in a secure parking lot near the house. If the property was rented, most likely, I would provide this service for a fee, but I allow it to be used for free, this is my additional bonus for guests. I also offer them tea and coffee.

Investment size

It is impossible to name the exact amount. It depends on various factors: whether it is a rental space or your property, what level you will make repairs and buy furniture. If housing is rented, then the owners often provide furniture. And for the purchase of simple furniture for a one-room studio, the amount will not go far beyond 50 thousand. Plus or minus 15 thousand will be spent on bed linen, slippers, towels, dishes, hygiene products. Then multiply by the number of numbers. Saving on furniture and plumbing is not worth it, it will be more expensive to change them often.

Anna Kataeva

owner of a mini-hotel in Voronezh

I will give advice to order bed linen from China, I later optimized this expense item: at the same cost as in local stores, it is of better quality and lasts longer. A profitable optimization is to put a washing machine in the room so as not to wash the laundry in the laundry. And immediately after drying, the maid can stroke it. Hygiene and detergents can be purchased in bulk in supermarkets.

Step-by-step instruction

Anna Kataeva

owner of a mini-hotel in Voronezh

On daily rental sites, I buy paid ad placement so that they are in the top - this ensures a greater client flow. It costs about 1000 rubles. Sites like Booking, Airbnb take a commission from referred customers.

On the same sites, people are very active in leaving their reviews, so you should carefully select staff, since shortcomings in their work immediately resonate with customers. And it is advisable not to use one-time services of cleaning companies, but to employ employees who will be constantly responsible for the quality of cleaning the premises. The administrator, who checks in and explains to the guests how everything is arranged in the room, must be a person not only punctual, but also cordial, ready to answer questions of interest to guests who are in this place for the first time. You also need to constantly work with the staff: hold meetings with them, teach hospitality and the ability to always be positive at work, since the mood is an important part of the guests' impressions not only from the hotel, but also from the city as a whole.

Anna Kataeva

owner of a mini-hotel in Voronezh

Often I check in myself, because I like to greet guests kindly, communicate with them and immediately receive feedback. On the same Booking site, my rating is 8.4 out of 10. This is a very good rating!

Anna Kataeva

owner of a mini-hotel in Voronezh

A few years ago, just at the time of my opening in Voronezh, the development of domestic tourism began, so I read a lot about the Russian hospitality industry. In addition, Voronezh is a transit city, people travel through it to Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sochi, Crimea and back, and often stop to rest here, so a room in a mini-hotel for a couple of days is a very convenient and economically profitable option for tourists . As a rule, this is a family: husband, wife, children. Therefore, I successfully “hit” my target audience. I also decided that my rooms will have 4 beds, and not 2, as is usually the case. Thus, they can all fit together.

The choice of location depends on what audience you are counting on. The center and the historical part of the city are convenient: tourists will often stop here, as sights are close, and the center has good infrastructure. But in the central regions there is high competition, so it is worthwhile to study the situation well. Perhaps in a residential area of ​​​​your city there is an enterprise or organization where they often come on a business trip. By doing so, you will also occupy a good niche.

Anna Kataeva

owner of a mini-hotel in Voronezh

My mini-hotel is located in the city center and next to the exhibition center. With this decision, I killed two birds with one stone: people who come to the exhibition often settle in me, thus I provided an additional flow of customers in addition to tourists.

As for the redevelopment of the premises, it is better to decide: is it really necessary? Coordination with officials and obtaining permission for redevelopment is troublesome, long and expensive. After all, the advantage of a mini-hotel is that here a person feels at home. This creates more comfort and inspires more confidence. Therefore, try to create a homely spiritual atmosphere in the rooms, you can also come up with “chips” in the design of the room: it catches the eye and is remembered. The main thing is that even the hostel should not look like a hostel, but be clean and stylish.

Documentation

There is no official classification regarding mini-hotels, the Federal Tourism Agency classifies those with less than 50 rooms as small hotels. numbers). According to statistics, almost 80% of mini-hotels are owned by individuals who rent premises by the day by signing an agreement with guests.

Registration of a business begins with the registration of an individual entrepreneur or the opening of an LLC; obtaining a license for this type of activity is not required.

Anna Kataeva

owner of a mini-hotel in Voronezh

* Calculations use average data for Russia

Owning your own hotel business is the dream of many entrepreneurs. Moreover, this direction is considered promising and profitable. The gradual development of the tourism business in our country leads to the development of the hotel industry. Moreover, not only large global concerns, but also small companies and even individual private entrepreneurs open their own hotels in Russia.

Experts believe that the most popular these days are not large hotel complexes, but the so-called mini-hotels. The cost of accommodation there is much lower, and the level of service is often not much inferior to the level of service in hotels that are part of a large chain. Moreover, economy class seats are of the greatest interest when it comes to large cities. Mini-hotels include establishments with up to fifty rooms. In addition to the actual rooms, guests can be offered a cafe-bar, a sauna or a bathhouse, billiards and even a swimming pool.

Russian hotel business operators offer two main options for their customers: accommodation in a first-class hotel, where the cost of a room in large cities can be over 10 thousand rubles per day, or two-, three-star hotels, where you can rent a room for 1,000 rubles per day. For this reason, it is this intermediate segment of economy class hotels that attracts the greatest attention of entrepreneurs who own private houses or cottages.

If you still decide to try your hand at the hotel business, you should decide in advance on the format of your future hotel and its location. The most common option is a small hotel in a large city (first of all, its guests are visitors and business travelers).

Renting an apartment or house as a hotel from a third party is not the best option. You will spend a lot of money on repairing premises that, in fact, will not belong to you.

Another problem is the high cost of rent, which will force you to increase the prices for your guests. And, finally, this option is associated with many risks - from increasing rental rates to changing the owners of an apartment or house.

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A slightly better option is to build your own building for a small hotel. Firstly, if you live in a large city, then there is a high probability that you will not be able to find a favorable place for building (ideally in the city center or at least close to it and a transport interchange).

For all these reasons, in most cases, a small part of an existing or former hostel, basements, several apartments located on the same landing or on two floors at once are used as a small hotel, and a part of a residential building or a detached building is purchased for these purposes.

Communal apartments are very popular for organizing mini-hotels, which are settled and then repaired. In this way, six to eight separate numbers can be created. At the same time, ordinary apartments are less convenient in terms of planning for restructuring. Accordingly, the costs of redevelopment and additional engineering approvals from the BTI will be much higher. On the other hand, having a separate entrance and an entrance with 24-hour security or a concierge will be your advantage.

Consider the total costs of such a hotel project. They are made up of the market value of the property itself, the cost of repairs and redevelopment (if necessary). Add to this the cost of buying furniture, conducting electrical wiring, installing plumbing and other equipment. According to approximate estimates, they will amount to about 10-13 thousand rubles per square meter.

Note that this is the cheapest option for organizing a mini-hotel, which does not fully comply with the requirements of the law. After all, if you do everything right, your hotel should be located in non-residential premises and meet a number of requirements of the SES, fire supervision and safety standards. A license to open and run a hotel business is not required, but many owners of mini-hotels undergo voluntary certification at the Rospromtest certification center. To issue voluntary certificates or not is a difficult question. On the one hand, certificates are necessary if you are aiming to develop your business, because they guarantee a high quality of service and safety for your guests, and on the other hand, obtaining them is associated with considerable financial and time costs.

Ready-made ideas for your business

If the design of your hotel and its development plan assumes the presence of catering facilities, then you will also need to obtain a license for the retail sale of alcoholic beverages.

It will also take a lot of effort and time to transfer premises from the housing stock to non-residential, obtaining all the necessary permits and approvals. There is nothing surprising in the fact that many owners of such hotel establishments do not register and do not issue any permits, acting illegally. First of all, this concerns hotels, the number of rooms in which does not exceed four and which are located in small apartments. Thus, their owners reduce their costs through tax evasion and can set the cost of living in their "hotels" below the average market.

Ready-made ideas for your business

But this scheme of work has its obvious drawbacks. Let's start with the fact that this activity is illegal and any complaint from a dissatisfied client to the relevant authorities will lead to its termination, and the owner of the "gray" business will have to pay considerable fines. Add to this a sharp limitation in the number of your customers and partners. For example, you will not be able to accept corporate clients (travelers), as your company will not be able to provide them with documents for financial reporting.

For the same reason, you will be extremely limited when promoting your hotel services through the media, you will not be able to add information about it to various directories. True, many entrepreneurs are not afraid of all this, and they quite successfully get by with word of mouth. The capacity of such mini-hotels is extremely small, and the costs of organizing them are minimal, so the payback period for semi-legal establishments is much shorter than for those who conduct their business according to the law, and, according to various sources, are a little more than two years.

Demand for mini-hotel services depends on the season. However, the season may vary, depending on their location. For example, when located in a recreational area, consider the flow of tourists and vacationers. If the hotel is located in a large city, then the season falls on those months when applicants from the region and other cities come to enter the universities of your city. Partly among the competitors of mini-hotels can be called private apartments and apartments, which are rented by their owners by the day. However, hotels are still intended for longer stays and in this case are more profitable than apartments rented for a day.

As the experience of other entrepreneurs shows, the main factor that guides people when choosing a mini-hotel is still the price, and not at all a beautiful renovation or a very convenient location (although these two conditions are of some importance, especially if you are focusing on more paying audience). But if you count on a constant influx of customers and rely on mass character, it is worth minimizing costs and, consequently, the cost of services. Savings are achieved, as a rule, by optimizing costs.

Ready-made ideas for your business

There are a lot of different tricks in the hotel business. Even saving on small things as a result allows you to save a lot of money. Unfortunately, all these things are not taught anywhere, they are comprehended only in practice. But it is important to remember that saving should not turn into greed and in no case be at the expense of the convenience of your guests. For example, you can buy liquid soaps and shampoos and put them in dispensers, which will help you save a lot. However, you should not completely remove the standard set of detergents from the room.

Experienced entrepreneurs who have been working in the hotel business for a long time know that their income directly depends on whether their guests like the living conditions or not. Therefore, they offer guests the opportunity to make free phone calls within the city (except for calls to mobile phones), Internet access, copying services (these services can be provided for a fee, at the request of customers).

The other two conditions for the success of your business are maximum cleanliness and a high level of service. This can be achieved without great expense. If you position your hotel as a budget establishment with affordable prices, you should not invest in the development of design projects for each room, in expensive repairs, furniture and utensils. But it’s definitely not worth saving on the services of a cleaning lady.

Another important issue is the careful selection of service personnel. Even if the entire staff of your hotel includes one administrator, two maids, a cook, a dishwasher and a cleaner, this does not mean that you can afford to serve your guests badly. The usual signs of attention, courtesy and helpfulness will create the most favorable impression about your hotel. As professionals say, the success and popularity of a hotel establishment directly depends on the atmosphere that develops in it.

Also make sure that your guests do not worry about their safety. Many, even the smallest hotels, install alarm buttons, safes for storing valuables of guests, offer them life, health and property insurance services. In addition, if the client is going to settle in a hotel for a rather long period, its owners often offer to resolve issues with temporary registration.

Nutrition deserves special attention. Some hotels offer only partial meals (for example, only breakfast and hot drinks), some do not have their own kitchen, ordering all meals in a nearby cafe or restaurant, or even purchasing ready-made meals in grocery stores. As experienced hotel owners say, the cost of organizing a kitchen and preparing lunches and dinners rarely pays off.

Mini-hotels that exist in large cities can be divided into three main types - an ordinary apartment without much renovation in a residential area, a large apartment (3-6 rooms) in good condition and apartments in a private house. Accordingly, the cost of staying in such hotels also changes, which can range from 500 to 3000 rubles per day.

It is widely believed that the payback period for a small hotel for long-term leases is from 15 years. However, in practice they turn out to be somewhat less - from 5-6 to 9-12 years.

The cost of opening a short-term rental mini-hotel can be returned even faster - within the first three years of operation (subject to renting rooms by the day and renting for at least six months a year). When doing your calculations, factor in the monthly costs of maintaining your hotel, which will be about a third of its income. This amount includes payroll, utility bills, equipment repair and maintenance costs.

The hotel business is developing rapidly and rapidly today, and one of the main reasons for this is its high demand. High economic activity, the development of tourism lead to the fact that in most cities - both large and small - there is a growing demand for places to accommodate guests. This is especially true of inexpensive hotel rooms and rooms of the middle category. If you are thinking about how to open a hotel, most likely, we are talking about a private mini-hotel: it is this that can be organized at the lowest cost, and it will pay off relatively quickly. Travelers usually prefer just such establishments: of course, there are no huge conference rooms or a dozen restaurants for every taste, but these places usually differ in low prices and almost home comfort.

Which hotel to open

The mini-hotel format is optimal if you are just entering the hotel business. However, you should know that even a small hotel will definitely require considerable investments, and you need to be prepared that it will not pay off right away. And one of the first tasks that a future entrepreneur will have to solve is attracting investors. But before you think about financing the enterprise, you need to decide what kind of hotel you want to open.

Small hotels are those with no more than 50 rooms. These include:

• apartment-type hotels (about 10 rooms not removed from the housing stock);
• mini-hotels for 10–20 rooms
• small hotels located in separate buildings, their number of rooms can be up to 50 rooms.

Depending on the level of services provided by the hotel, its price category is also selected. It could be:

• low budget student hostel,
• small economy class hotel,
• comfortable business hotel,
• apart-hotel (it can be either mid-level or luxury).

Another option for organizing a hotel is the so-called "apartment". This type of activity has recently been very popular among entrepreneurs, and therefore it is worth dwelling on it in more detail. Such a business is among the "gray" - not formalized properly. This is done as follows: several neighboring apartments are bought in the same building, minimal repairs are made (rarely - redevelopment), apartments are furnished, and all that remains is to find customers for daily rent (usually using ads on the Internet or in local newspapers). It would seem that opening a private hotel in this case is very easy.

But even here there are difficulties of their own, for example, neighbors may be indignant at the fact that there is a “passage courtyard” in the adjacent territory, and, having escaped to another city, tourists and business travelers often do not want to behave decorously and nobly, but on the contrary, they prefer noisily and with relax on a grand scale, which again causes dissatisfaction with the neighbors, and even complaints to the appropriate authorities, which can turn into trouble for the "underground" businessman.

Doing any business without proper registration is always a risk, illegal business entails not only administrative and tax, but in some cases criminal liability.

In addition, the work of the entrepreneur in this case is not easy: you have to look for guests on your own, enterprises, institutions and organizations are immediately excluded from the number of potential customers (they need supporting documents for reporting), there will be difficulties with placing full-fledged advertising, because the hotel officially is not considered, and each client who came to the ad may turn out to be a tax representative.

And although without the cost of official registration, compliance with sanitary standards and paying taxes, such a business may seem profitable, whether these incomes justify the high risks that are inevitable in this case is an open question, and everyone decides on their own.

And yet, speaking of how to open your own hotel, we will consider a business that is conducted legally. And you need to start it with or, and then move on to solving other important tasks.

Finding a suitable room

One of the most difficult and at the same time the most important questions is where to open a hotel. It is best to find a room in a business or historical part of the city. Infrastructure should be developed here: transport stops, cafes, restaurants, shops. It would be nice if the sights were located nearby. A beautiful view from the window is a plus for the hotel, although, of course, they don’t charge extra for it.

Even if the institution will not occupy the entire building, it is desirable that your hotel has a separate entrance.

One of the reasons for the high cost of this enterprise is that it is desirable to buy the premises. It is hardly worth renting a building for a hotel: too much investment will have to be made in its interior and equipment, and an unexpected proposal from the landlord to terminate the relationship can result in big losses and, of course, loss of business. An acceptable option is a long-term lease with an option to purchase.

If it is possible to raise significant funds for the project, it is possible to start construction of a separate hotel building, but at the same time, one must be aware that the search and purchase of a suitable site, the preparation of permits, design and construction work may take more than one year.

The best option is to purchase a room for a hotel. It can either be non-residential or consist of several apartments (a large communal apartment is also suitable for these purposes). The area must be 300 sq. meters and above. If you buy apartments, they will need to be removed from the housing stock. Be prepared for the fact that this procedure will require costs - both financial and time.

Hotel interior: important details

After choosing and acquiring the premises, it's time to start creating a hotel project, redevelopment and repair. Moreover, the coordination of the project and obtaining permits for redevelopment can take much more time than the actual repair. Reconstruction of the premises and its documentation can be up to half the cost of the property itself.

When the redevelopment is completed and you begin the interior decoration of the hotel, you can already apply for approval to the interested services (sanitary and epidemiological station, fire supervision), as well as conclude contracts with public utilities.

Creating the interior of a hotel is of great importance, although there are no unified rules here and cannot be. The approach to arranging the premises will depend on the concept of the hotel, as well as on its price category. Somewhere business and practical minimalism will be appropriate, somewhere - eternal classics, and someone wants to make rooms with rich decoration - it all depends on the tastes of the owner and on the preferences of the target audience. But the main thing is a comfortable layout and high-quality repairs, the rooms should look clean and tidy, even if they are not luxurious.

Another important point - furniture and plumbing must be of high quality. It’s not worth saving on them too much, such savings can turn into additional costs: flimsy furniture will quickly break down, because it’s no secret that “public” property is rarely treated with care.

Make sure that the hotel has its own corporate identity, which is noticeable even in small things. Needless to say, interior design is best entrusted to professional designers.

Mini-hotel staff: how many and what kind?

It is better to be puzzled by the selection of personnel a few months before the planned opening. By the time the work begins, the employees must have all the necessary documents, and they themselves must be trained and ready to start work.

You need to recruit staff based on what services you plan to provide in the hotel. If, for example, the guests will be provided with food, cooks will be needed. As for the attendants, there is a rule: their total number (administrators, maids, porters) is approximately equal to the number of rooms.

If the hotel is small, employees can combine different positions (administrator - to make reservations, maid - to be responsible for the laundry). This is beneficial both for the owner, who does not have to keep extra staff at work, and for the employees themselves, who can earn more.

An important requirement for hotel staff is knowledge of foreign languages ​​(at least English). It is necessary to organize systematic training and refresher courses.

Services in the hotel: important and secondary

First and foremost, the rooms must be clean. Daily cleaning, timely replacement of linen and towels is a prerequisite for the operation of each hotel. If it is not possible to organize a laundry in the hotel itself, you should conclude an agreement with a third-party company providing this type of service.

The hotel can provide a breakfast of coffee, tea and baked cookies, even if there is no restaurant or cafe. If your own cafe is planned, you need to be prepared for additional costs. To open it you will need:

• equipped room that meets all fire and sanitary requirements;
• all necessary permits and approvals;
• staff: cooks and waiters;
• liquor licenses.

However, your own cafe or restaurant is already a separate business, you will need to attract customers to such an institution from outside, only on the guests of a mini-hotel it will not pay for itself. It is much easier to negotiate with one of the neighboring cafes about the delivery of food to guests in the room or, for example, about discounted breakfasts.

The hotel should be able to provide its visitors with car parking, safe, internet, telephone, and, if necessary, temporary registration.

Another unconditional obligation of the hotel is to ensure the safety of customers. To do this, he must have an agreement with a security company, installed an alarm button. We must not forget about fire safety measures: emergency exit, fire detectors. There will also be a guarded parking lot.

Separately, it is worth taking care of guests with children (baby cots and high chairs will not interfere in the hotel) and disabled visitors (you will need a spacious elevator and ramps).

Hotel advertisement

You need to inform everyone about the opening of the hotel in advance, preferably 2-3 months in advance. Place a banner on the building about the imminent opening, give information to travel agencies, create a hotel website and advertise on the Internet, on specialized resources.

Quality service and reasonable prices will do their job over time - your own client base will appear, and yesterday's guests will recommend the hotel to their friends.

We consider the profitability of the hotel

The fact that a hotel is a costly enterprise has already been said more than once. It's time to calculate how much it costs to open a small hotel. Of course, the calculations will be approximate, in order to get an accurate idea of ​​\u200b\u200bfuture expenses and incomes, you will need to obtain additional information:

• find out how much the service is in demand in your city (its population, the level of infrastructure development, the state of the tourist destination, business and production, what sports or cultural events are held here);
• analyze the market: how many hotels are in your city, what is their advertising and pricing policy, how busy are they and how does seasonality affect this);
• make a preliminary cost estimate: the cost of real estate in the village, as well as prices for construction and other work;
• decide what the concept of your hotel will be: the composition of the number of rooms, the services provided, the level of service and, as a result, the target audience.

As you can see, it is almost impossible to answer the question exactly how much it costs to open a mini-hotel, too many factors will influence this. Investments in a capital hotel can be ten times greater than in a regional one, so the figures below are very approximate.

You can open a mini-hotel with 10-15 rooms in a small regional town by spending about 8-15 million rubles. At the same time, a small hotel in St. Petersburg or Moscow will require about 50 million rubles. And if you decide to build a separate building and purchase a land plot, the cost will increase to 150–200 million rubles.

All expenses for organizing a hotel are divided as follows:

• 50% - for the purchase or construction of premises;
• 25% - for redevelopment, (including project and administrative costs);
• 15% - for interior repairs, interior decoration, purchase of equipment and furniture,
• 10% - other expenses (costs for salaries and staff training, advertising, purchase of consumables).

In a metropolitan city, a hotel will pay off in about 5–7 years, in a large city with more than a million inhabitants - in 6–8 years. In a small regional town, this can take 9 to 12 years.

The hotel business is not in vain considered profitable, which is why there are more and more new hotels. However, you cannot call it a quick payback, so this is an entrepreneurship for those who stand firmly on their feet, and therefore are not afraid of large investments and large-scale projects. Drawing up a detailed business plan for such a complex and expensive project is best left to specialists.