Famous Russian Jews. The most famous Jewish artists in Russia

In the history of the Russian Empire, Soviet Union and modern Russia known a large number of prominent personalities who are Jews. Among them there are both those who, with their achievements, moved science, culture and social thought forward, as well as people who received contradictory, and often negative, assessments of contemporaries and historians.

Scientists in the field of natural sciences

Vladimir (Valdemar) Aronovich Khavkin (1860 - 1930). Russian bacteriologist, immunologist and epidemiologist. From 1888 he lived in exile due to the fact that, as a Jew, he could not engage in scientific research in Russia. Creator of the first vaccines against plague and cholera.

Zhores Ivanovich Alferov (b. 1930). Soviet and Russian physicist. Vice President of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Laureate Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000 for the development of semiconductor heterostructures and the creation of fast opto- and microelectronic components.

Lev Davidovich Landau (1908 - 1968). Soviet theoretical physicist, founder of a scientific school, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1962 "for his pioneering theories of condensed matter, especially liquid helium."

Grigory Samuilovich Landsberg (1890 - 1957). Soviet physicist, creator of the Soviet school of atomic and molecular spectral analysis. Editor of the three-volume Elementary Textbook of Physics, popular in the USSR.

Julius Borisovich Khariton (1904 - 1996). Soviet and Russian physicist - nuclear scientist and physical chemist. One of the project leaders of the Soviet atomic bomb. Laureate of the Lenin and three Stalin Prizes.

Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg (1916 - 2009). Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor. In 2003, together with Abrikosov and Leggett, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for the development of the theory of superconductivity and superfluidity.

Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich (1914 - 1987). Soviet physicist and physical chemist. Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Three times Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Lenin Prize and four Stalin Prizes. Is one of the founders modern theory combustion, detonation and shock waves, the author of a number of works on the theory of elementary particles.

Ilya Mikhailovich Frank (1908 - 1990). Soviet physicist. In 1958, together with Tamm and Cherenkov, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery and interpretation of the Vavilov-Cherenkov effect." Laureate of two Stalin Prizes and the State Prize of the USSR.

Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (1845 - 1916). Russian biologist, pathologist and embryologist. Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1908 "for his work on immunity."

Mikhail Leontyevich Mil (1909 - 1970). Soviet aircraft designer, doctor of technical sciences. The creator of the first Soviet serial three-seater Mi-1 helicopter. Supervised the creation of a series of helicopters Mi, V-12 and others. Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Lenin Prize and the State Prize of the USSR.

Yakov Isidorovich Perelman (1882 - 1942). Russian and Soviet popularizer of physics, mathematics and astronomy. One of the founders of the genre of popular science literature.

Abram Fedorovich (Avraham Faivish-Izrailevich) Ioffe (1880 - 1960). Russian and Soviet physicist. Laureate of the Stalin and Lenin Prizes, Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Founder of the scientific school of Soviet physicists.

Yakov Ilyich Frenkel (1894 - 1952). Soviet physicist - theorist. Engaged in a wide range of applied scientific developments. Author of several dozen books, including the first complete university course in theoretical physics in Russia and the USSR.

Writers and literary critics

Arkady Natanovich (1925 - 1991) and Boris Natanovich (1933 - 2011) Strugatsky. Soviet and Russian writers, co-authors, screenwriters, classics of modern science and social fiction.

Yuri Nikolaevich (Nasonovich) Tynyanov (1894 - 1943). Russian Soviet writer, poet, playwright, screenwriter, translator, literary critic and critic, representative of Russian formalism.

Boris Leonidovich (Isaakovich) Pasternak (1890 - 1960). Russian poet, translator. In 1958 he won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel Doctor Zhivago. After that, Pasternak was harassed by the Soviet government. He was expelled from the Union of Writers of the USSR, forced to refuse the award, threatened with expulsion from the country.

Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak (1887 - 1964). Russian poet, playwright, translator, literary critic, screenwriter. Founder of Soviet children's literature. Laureate of the Stalin and Lenin Prizes.

Osip (Joseph) Emilievich Mandelstam (1891 - 1938). Russian poet, prose writer, essayist, translator and literary critic. The author of the famous anti-Stalinist epigram "Kremlin Highlander". During the years of repression, he was arrested twice. Sentenced to five years in labor camps for "counter-revolutionary activities", died in the Vladivostok transit point of Dalstroy.

Vladislav Felitsianovich Khodasevich (1886 - 1939). Russian poet of the Silver Age. Prose writer, translator, critic, memoirist, literary historian, Pushkinist.

Mikhail (Moses) Efimovich Koltsov (Fridland, 1898 - 1940). Soviet publicist, journalist and writer. During the Civil War, he was sent to Spain as a correspondent for Pravda and at the same time an unspoken political representative of the leadership of the Soviet Union under the republican government. Upon his return, he was arrested on charges of "anti-Soviet and Trotskyist activities." He was shot by the verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR.

Naum Moiseevich Korzhavin (Mandel, b. 1925). Russian poet, translator, playwright and publicist. He spoke in defense of Daniel and Sinyavsky. Due to a conflict with the Soviet authorities, he was forced to emigrate.

Aleksand Arkadyevich Galich (Ginzburg, 1919 - 1977). Soviet poet, screenwriter, playwright, prose writer, author and performer of his own songs. Due to a conflict with the Soviet leadership, Galich was expelled from the Union of Writers and the Union of Cinematographers. Then he was forced to leave the country. Died in Paris in a hit-and-run accident electric shock. There are also versions about the murder of Galich by agents of the KGB or the CIA.

Lev Abramovich Kassil (1905 - 1970). Russian Soviet writer, screenwriter. Author of many children's stories and novels, including "Konduit and Shvambrania", "Cheremysh, brother of the hero", "Street of the youngest son".

Sasha Cherny (Alexander Mikhailovich Glikberg, 1880 - 1932). Russian poet of the Silver Age, prose writer, widely known as the author of popular lyrical and satirical poetic feuilletons.

Yunna Petrovna (Pinkhusovna) Moritz (b. 1937). Russian poetess. Author of collections of poems "Vine", "Severe Thread", "In the Light of Life", "Third Eye", "Favorites", "Blue Fire", "In the Lair of Life" and others. Moritz's poems have been translated into European languages, as well as Chinese and Japanese.

Yuri Mikhailovich Lotman (1922 - 1993). Russian literary critic, culturologist and semiotician. Author of fundamental structural-semiotic studies in the field of literature and art. Creator of the television cycle "Conversations about Russian Culture".

Ilya Arnoldovich Ilf (Iekhiel-Leib Arevich Fainzilberg, 1897 - 1937). Soviet writer - satirist, journalist and screenwriter. In collaboration with Yevgeny Petrov, he created the novels The Golden Calf and The Twelve Chairs, as well as the story One-Story America.

Veniamin Aleksandrovich (Abelevich) Kaverin (Zilber, 1902 - 1989). Russian Soviet writer and screenwriter, member of the Serapion Brothers literary group. His most famous work is the adventure novel "Two Captains".

Bruno Yasensky (Viktor Yakovlevich Zisman, 1901 - 1938). Soviet and Polish writer, poet, playwright. Author of the novels I'm Burning Paris, A Man Changes His Skin, A Conspiracy of the Indifferent. During the period of Stalinist repressions, he was arrested and shot on charges of counter-revolutionary activities. According to another version, he died during the stage to Kolyma.

Mark Aldanov (Mark Alexandrovich Landau, 1889 - 1957). Russian prose writer and publicist. After the October Revolution he lived in exile in France. Author of historical novels, including the tetralogy "The Thinker" about the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era. In 2007, Novy Zhurnal, a literary and publicistic edition of the Russian abroad, established the Mark Aldanov Prize, awarded for the best story of the year written by a Russian-speaking writer living outside the Russian Federation.

Ilya Grigorievich Ehrenburg (1891 - 1967). Soviet writer and publicist, war correspondent for the Izvestia and Krasnaya Zvezda newspapers. Member of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee. He was engaged in collecting materials about the Holocaust on the territory of the USSR and Poland, which were later included in the Black Book. One of the authors of the Soviet propaganda slogan "Kill the German!".

Eduard Georgievich Bagritsky (Eduard Godelevich Dzyuban, 1895 - 1934). Russian poet, translator and playwright. His poem "Death of a Pioneer", written in 1932, was included in the mandatory school curriculum on Russian literature in the USSR.

Emmanuil Genrikhovich (Genekhovich) Kazakevich (1913 - 1962). Russian and Jewish Soviet prose writer, poet, translator. He is the author of the military novels Star, Two in the Steppe, Heart of a Friend, and the novel Spring on the Oder.

Isaak Emmanuilovich (Manievich) Babel (Bobel, 1894 - 1940). Russian Soviet writer, journalist, playwright. Member of the Civil War. Author of the cycle of stories "Cavalry". He was arrested on charges of "anti-Soviet conspiratorial terrorist activities" and shot by the verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR.

Vasily Semyonovich (Joseph Solomonovich) Grossman (1905 - 1964). Soviet writer and journalist, war correspondent. The author of the novel - the epic "Life and Fate" about the events of the Great Patriotic War. Together with Ilya Ehrenburg, he was involved in compiling the "Black Book" - a collection of testimonies and documents about the Holocaust.

Mikhail Arkadyevich Svetlov (Sheinkman, 1903 - 1964). Russian Soviet poet and playwright. Author of poems for the well-known songs "Grenada" and "Song of Kakhovka". During the Great Patriotic War, he was a correspondent for the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, then worked in the front-line press. Laureate of the Lenin Prize.

David Samoilov (David Samuilovich Kaufman, 1920 - 1990). Russian Soviet poet, translator. Author of poetry collections "Near Countries", "Second Pass", "Days", "Wave and Stone", "News", "Gulf", "Voices Beyond the Hills".

Joseph Alexandrovich Brodsky (1940 - 1996). Russian and American poet, essayist, playwright, translator. Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1987 "for a comprehensive work, imbued with clarity of thought and the passion of poetry."

Julius Markovich Daniel (1925 - 1988). Russian poet, prose writer, translator. Member of the Great Patriotic War. A dissident, a defendant in the “Sinyavsky-Daniel trial” held in 1965-1966 on charges of spreading “knowingly false fabrications discrediting the Soviet state and social system.”

Dmitry Lvovich Bykov (Zilbertrud, b. 1967). Russian poet and prose writer, publicist, journalist, critic, teacher of literature, radio and TV presenter.

Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov (Aronov, 1911 - 1998). Russian writer, author of novels and short stories "Dagger", "Bronze Bird", "Drivers", "Heavy Sand", "Children of the Arbat". Laureate of the Stalin Prize.

Psychologists

Lev Semyonovich (Simkhovich) Vygotsky (Vygodsky, 1896 - 1934). Soviet psychologist, founder of cultural-historical theory. Author of literary publications, works on pedology and cognitive development of the child. His research had a great influence on the development of semiotics, linguistics and psycholinguistics, structural literary criticism, and contributed to the development of applied branches of psychology and experimental pedagogy.

chess players

Mikhail Nekhemievich Tal (1936 - 1992). Soviet and Latvian chess player, grandmaster, eighth world chess champion. Honored Master of Sports of the USSR, six-time champion of the USSR, champion of the Latvian SSR.

Garry Kimovich Kasparov (Weinstein, b. 1963). Soviet and Russian chess player, thirteenth world chess champion. Member of the Russian political opposition. He was a member of the Coordinating Council of the Russian opposition. Head of the International Council of the Fund for the Protection of Human Rights.

Mikhail Moiseevich Botvinnik (1911 - 1995). Soviet chess player, sixth world champion. Six-time champion of the USSR, absolute champion of the USSR, champion of Moscow. Doctor of technical sciences, professor. Specialist in the field of electrical engineering and programming.

Historians

Isaak Moiseevich Filshtinsky (1918 - 2013). Russian and Soviet historian, orientalist-Arabist, member of the human rights movement in the Soviet Union. Author of studies on the history of the Arab Caliphate. Compiler, author of the introductory article and notes to the four-volume edition "Selected Tales, Stories and Tales from the Thousand and One Nights" published in 1986.

Aron Yakovlevich Gurevich (1924 - 2006). Soviet and Russian historian - medievalist, culturologist, literary critic. Doctor historical sciences, Professor. Laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation. Author a large number scientific papers on the history of the European Middle Ages.

Solomon Yakovlevich Lurie (Lurya, 1891 - 1964). Soviet historian - Hellenist, antiquarian. Author of a number of studies on the history of Ancient Greece.

Mikhail Abramovich Barg (1915 - 1991). Soviet historian, specialist in the field of British history. Doctor of historical sciences, professor. Member of the Royal Historical Society of Great Britain.

Albert Zakharovich Manfred (1906 - 1976). Soviet historian, specialist in the history of France and Russian-French relations. Author of studies on the history of the French Revolution and the fundamental biography of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Evgeny Viktorovich (Grigory Vigdorovich) Tarle (1874 - 1955). Russian and Soviet historian, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Author of a number of significant studies on the history of Europe in modern times and the history of international relations.

Natan Yakovlevich Eidelman (1930 - 1989). Soviet historian, writer, literary critic. Author of more than 20 books about the history of Russia in the XVIII-XIX centuries, including works dedicated to the Decembrists.

Painters

Isaac Ilyich Levitan (1860 - 1900). Russian artist - landscape painter. The author of such well-known paintings as " gold autumn”, “Spring is big water”, “Above eternal rest”, “Autumn day. Sokolniki.

Mark Zakharovich (Moses Khatskilevich) Chagall (1887 - 1985). Russian, Belarusian and French artist and stage designer One of the most well-known representatives artistic avant-garde of the 20th century.

Valentin Alexandrovich Serov (1865 - 1911). Russian artist, graphic artist, portrait master. The author of the well-known paintings "Girl with Peaches", "Girl Illuminated by the Sun", "Overgrown Pond" and others.

sculptors

Mark Matveevich (Mordukh Matysovich) Antokolsky (1843 - 1902). Russian sculptor - realist. Among his most outstanding works: "Ermak" (bronze) and "Nestor the Chronicler" (marble). He is also the author of the monument to Peter I in Taganrog, the Arkhangelsk copy of which is depicted on 500-ruble banknotes of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Many of Antokolsky's works are exhibited in Tretyakov Gallery and the Russian Museum.

Ilya (Eliash) Yakovlevich Gintsburg (Ginzburg, 1859 - 1939). Russian sculptor, student of Antokolsky. Author of monuments to Pushkin, Gogol and Aivazovsky. Participated in the implementation Soviet plan monumental propaganda by creating monuments to Plekhanov and Mendeleev in Leningrad.

Ernst Iosifovich Unknown (b. 1925). Russian and American sculptor. The creator of Khrushchev's tombstone at the Novodevichy Cemetery, the Prometheus monument in Artek, and the Mask of Sorrow memorial in Magadan, dedicated to the victims of political repression in the USSR.

Musicians and composers

David Fedorovich (Fishelevich) Oistrakh (1908 - 1974). Soviet violinist, violist, conductor and teacher. People's Artist of the USSR. Winner of the Lenin and Stalin Prizes.

Isaac Osipovich (Isaac Ber Joseph Betsalev) Dunaevsky (1900 - 1955). Soviet composer and conductor, music teacher. People's Artist of the RSFSR, laureate of two Stalin Prizes. Author of music for several dozen films and more than a hundred Soviet songs.

Veniamin Efimovich Basner (1925 - 1996). Soviet and Russian composer. People's Artist of the RSFSR. Author of operas and operettas, as well as military songs and music for films. The songs created by him "At the Nameless Height", "Where the Motherland Begins" and others are widely known.

Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein (1829 - 1894). Russian composer, pianist, conductor, music teacher. The founder of professional music education in Russia.

Yuri Abramovich Bashmet (b. 1953). Soviet and Russian violist, conductor, teacher, public figure. People's Artist of the USSR. Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR and four State Prizes of the Russian Federation.

Emil (Samuil) Grigoryevich Gilels (1916 - 1985). Soviet pianist and teacher. People's Artist of the USSR, laureate of the Stalin and Lenin Prizes, honorary member of the London Royal Academy of Music, the Franz Liszt Academy of Music and the Santa Cecilia National Academy.

Matvey Isaakovich Blanter (1903 - 1990). Soviet composer. Among his most famous works- music for the songs "Katyusha", "In the forest near the front", "Enemies burned their native hut", "Migratory birds are flying", as well as "Football march". Laureate of the Stalin Prize, People's Artist of the USSR.

State, party and public figures

Maxim Maksimovich Litvinov (Meer-Genoch Wallach, 1876 - 1951). Russian revolutionary, Soviet diplomat and statesman. Member of the Genoa Conference of 1922. While holding the post of People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, at the invitation of Franklin Roosevelt, he negotiated the establishment of diplomatic relations with the United States. He contributed to the admission of the USSR to the League of Nations, in which he represented the Soviet Union.

Anton Manuilovich Devier (1682 - 1745). A native of Portuguese Jews. Companion of Peter I, his adjutant general, husband of sister A.D. Menshikov. First Chief of Police General of St. Petersburg, General-in-Chief.

Karl (Karol) Bernhardovich Radek (Sobelson, 1885 - 1939). Figure of the European social democratic and communist movements, Soviet party publicist. During the years of Stalinist repressions, he was arrested and in January 1937 at the Second Moscow Trial in the case of the "Parallel Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center" was sentenced to 10 years in prison. Beaten to death by criminals in the Verkhneuralsk political isolator on the instructions of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs Beria and his deputy Kobulov.

Boris Efimovich Nemtsov (1959 - 2015). Russian political and statesman. The first governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region. He held various positions in the government during the second presidential term of Boris Yeltsin. Deputy State Duma III convocation. Co-chairman of the "Republican Party of Russia - People's Freedom Party", one of the founders and leaders of the UDM "Solidarity", a member of the Coordinating Council of the Russian opposition. He was killed late in the evening on February 27, 2015 on the Bolshoi Moskvoretsky Bridge near Vasilyevsky Spusk with four pistol shots in the back.

Julius Osipovich Martov (Zederbaum, 1873 - 1923). Russian revolutionary. In 1895, together with Lenin, he founded the Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class in St. Petersburg. He was one of the leaders of the Mensheviks. He opposed the conclusion of the Brest peace. In 1920 he emigrated to Germany, where he died of tuberculosis.

Pyotr Pavlovich Shafirov (1669 - 1739). A native of baptized Polish Jews. Baron, Russian statesman, diplomat. He served as Vice Chancellor. Shafirovsky Prospekt in St. Petersburg is named after him.

Grigory Evseevich Zinoviev (Radomyslsky, 1883 - 1936). Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician and statesman. Member of the anti-Stalinist "new opposition" at the XIV Congress of the CPSU (b). He translated into Russian the book of Adolf Hitler "My Struggle", which was published in 1933 in a limited edition for study by party workers. During the years of Stalinist repressions, he was arrested. Convicted and shot in the case of the Anti-Soviet United Trotskyist-Zinoviev Center.

Lev Borisovich Kamenev (Rosenfeld, 1883 - 1936). Russian revolutionary, Bolshevik, ally of Lenin. Chairman of the Moscow City Council, member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, member of the anti-Stalinist opposition. Convicted and shot in the case of the Trotskyist-Zinoviev Center.

Leonid Akimovich (Ioakimovich) Kannegisser (1896 - 1918). Russian poet, member of the People's Socialist Party. On August 30, 1918, on the instructions of Boris Savinkov, he shot the chairman of the Petrograd Cheka, Uritsky. He was arrested and shot.

Fanny Efimovna Kaplan (Feiga Khaimovna Roitblat, 1890 - 1918). Member of the revolutionary Russian movement. On August 30, 1918, during a meeting of workers at the Moscow plant, Michelson tried to kill Lenin. She was arrested on the spot and a few days later she was shot without trial on the oral instructions of Sverdlov.

Yakov Mikhailovich (Yeshua-Solomon Movshevich, according to other sources - Yankel Miraimovich) Sverdlov (1885 - 1919). Russian revolutionary, Bolshevik. Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, one of the organizers of the dispersal Constituent Assembly, decossackization and the Red Terror.

Moses Solomonovich Uritsky (1873 - 1918). Russian revolutionary. Member of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) and the Committee of Revolutionary Defense of Petrograd. Chairman of the PetroChK. Killed by Leonid Kannegisser. Buried in the Field of Mars.

Evno Fishelevich Azef (1869 - 1918). Head of the militant organization of the Socialist Revolutionary Party. The organizer of a number of terrorist acts, including the assassination of the Governor General of Moscow, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich in February 1905. At the same time, as a secret officer of the Police Department, he uncovered and handed over to the authorities many revolutionaries. In early 1909, he was exposed by the leadership of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party and sentenced to death. However, he managed to escape. Moved to Berlin, where he died of kidney failure.

Emelyan Mikhailovich Yaroslavsky (Minei Izrailevich Gubelman, 1878 - 1943). Russian revolutionary, Soviet party leader. Ideologist and leader of anti-religious policy in the USSR. Chairman of the "Union of militant atheists" created in 1925.

Genrikh Grigorievich Yagoda (Genokh Gershovich Yehuda, 1891 - 1938). Soviet statesman and party leader, the first head of the NKVD of the USSR. One of the organizers of the Stalinist repressions, the creator of the Gulag. He was removed from all posts, expelled from the CPSU (b) and arrested in the case of the anti-Soviet “Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites”. Shot by verdict of the Third Moscow Trial.

Elena Georgievna Bonner (Lusik Alikhanova, 1923 - 2011). Soviet and Russian public figure, human rights activist, dissident, publicist. She served as chairman of the Andrei Sakharov Foundation. Actively participated in the "Memorial" and "April" societies. Author of memoirs “Postscript. The Book of Gorky's Exile" and "Mothers and Daughters".

Peter (Pinkhus) Lazarevich Voikov (Weiner, 1888 - 1927). Russian revolutionary, participant in the execution of Emperor Nicholas II and his family. Diplomat, Plenipotentiary of the USSR in Poland. Killed in Warsaw by a white émigré Boris Koverda. The Voykovskaya station of the Zamoskvoretskaya line of the Moscow Metro bears his name.

Lazar Moiseevich Kaganovich (1893 - 1991). Russian revolutionary, Soviet statesman and party leader, a close associate of Stalin. In 1935, he directly supervised the work on compiling master plan reconstruction of Moscow.

Rosalia Samoilovna Zemlyachka (Zalkind, 1876 - 1947). Russian revolutionary. Participant of the December Uprising of 1905 in Moscow and February Revolution. The first woman in Soviet Russia to be awarded the Order (of the Red Banner of War). She was one of the organizers of the Red Terror in the Crimea in 1920-1921.

Mikhail (Moishe) Rafailovich Gots (1866 - 1906). Russian revolutionary, Narodnaya Volya, one of the organizers of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, a member of the foreign Central Committee, the creator of the charter of the "Combat Organization of the Socialist-Revolutionaries".

Grigory Yakovlevich Sokolnikov (Girsh Yankelevich Brilliant, 1888 - 1939). Soviet statesman, Bolshevik. He served as People's Commissar of Finance. The head of the financial reform, which contributed to the strengthening of the ruble, during which the golden gold piece was put into circulation. Member of the anti-Stalinist opposition. During the years of repression, he was arrested in January 1937 by the verdict of the Second Moscow Trial and sentenced to 10 years in prison. At the direction of the leadership of the NKVD, he was killed in prison by criminals.

Yakov Grigorievich (Yankev Gershevich) Blyumkin (1900 - 1929). Russian revolutionary, member of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party. On July 6, 1918, he participated in the assassination of the German ambassador in Moscow, Count Wilhelm von Mirbach, which served as a signal for the Left SR uprising. AT civil war fought on the side of the Reds. Then he held various posts in the OGPU. In April 1929, he met in Istanbul with Leon Trotsky, who had been expelled from the USSR, and established secret contacts with him. For this, upon returning to Moscow, he was arrested, convicted and shot for betraying the "cause of the proletarian revolution and Soviet power."

Lev (Leib) Davidovich Trotsky (Bronstein, 1879 - 1940). Russian revolutionary, ideologue of Trotskyism. One of the organizers of the October Revolution and the creators of the Red Army. He held various positions in the Soviet leadership. After the defeat in the intra-party struggle, he was expelled from the USSR. In exile he founded the Fourth International. He was killed in Mexico City by NKVD agent Ramon Mercader.

Grigory Andreevich (Hersh Yitzhak) Gershuni (1870 - 1908). Russian revolutionary and terrorist. One of the founders of the Fighting Organization of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party.

Dmitry Grigorievich (Mordko Gershkovich) Bogrov (1887 - 1911). Russian terrorist - anarchist, secret informer of the Security Department. On September 1, 1911, he personally carried out an attempt on the life of Prime Minister P.A. Stolypin at the Kiev City Theatre. Was captured on the spot. By the verdict of the military district court, he was sentenced to death and hanged in the Lysogorsk fort.

Warlords

Iona Emmanuilovich Yakir (1896 - 1937). Soviet military leader, participant in the Civil War, holder of three orders of the Red Banner. Commander of the 1st rank, member of the Military Council under the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. Commander of the Ukrainian (later Kyiv) military district. He was arrested and shot in connection with the Tukhachevsky case.

Yakov Borisovich (Tsudikovich) Gamarnik (1894 - 1937). Soviet military leader. Member of the Civil War. Army commissar 1st rank. He shot himself on the eve of a possible arrest in the Tukhachevsky case.

Lev Zakharovich Mekhlis (1889 - 1953). Soviet party and statesman, colonel general. During the Great Patriotic War, he was the head of the Main Political Directorate and Deputy People's Commissar of Defense, a representative of the headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief on the Crimean Front, a member of the military councils of a number of armies and fronts. He served as Minister of State Control. He was one of the participants in the repressions in the party, state and military leadership.

Theatre, cinema and pop artists

Maya Mikhailovna Plisetskaya (1925 - 2015). Soviet ballet dancer, People's Artist of the USSR. Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Lenin Prize. Prima ballerina of the Bolshoi Theater of the USSR in 1948-1990.

Savely Viktorovich Kramarov (1934 - 1995). Soviet and American theater and film actor. Honored Artist of the RSFSR. Performer of comedic roles in popular Soviet films"Gentlemen of Fortune", "Ivan Vasilyevich is changing his profession", "Big Break" and others.

Ida Lvovna Rubinstein (1883 - 1960). Russian dancer and dramatic actress. Participant of the first Russian seasons in Paris. In 1904, under the pseudonym Lvovskaya, she played the main role in the play Antigone by Yuri Ozarovsky. She starred in the film "The Ship" based on the tragedy of Gabriele d "Annunzio.

Solomon (Shloyme) Mikhailovich Mikhoels (Vovsi, 1890 - 1948). Soviet theater actor and director, teacher, public and political figure. People's Artist of the USSR, laureate of the Stalin Prize. First Chairman of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee. Killed by employees of the MGB on the personal instructions of Stalin. His death was disguised as an accident - death in a car accident.

Jan Mayorovich (Maerovich, Meerovich) Arlazorov (Schulrufer, 1947 - 2009). Russian theater actor and pop artist, humorist. Honored Artist of Russia, laureate of the All-Russian Competition of Variety Artists.

Vladimir Abramovich Etush (b. 1922). Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, teacher. People's Artist of the USSR. Veteran of the Great Patriotic War.

Alexander Alexandrovich Kalyagin (b. 1942). Soviet and Russian actor and director of theater and cinema. People's Artist of the RSFSR. Laureate of two State Prizes of the USSR. Founder and artistic director of the Moscow theater "Et Cetera". Chairman of the Union of Theater Workers of the Russian Federation, member of the Public Chamber of Russia.

Zinovy ​​Efimovich Gerdt (Zalman Afroimovich Khrapinovich, 1916 - 1996). Soviet and Russian theater and film actor. People's Artist of the USSR. Member of the Great Patriotic War.

Grigory Naumovich Chukhrai (1921 - 2001). Soviet film director, screenwriter, teacher. People's Artist of the USSR. Creator of the films "Forty-First", "The Ballad of a Soldier", "Clear Sky".

Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein (1898 - 1948). Soviet theater and film director, artist, screenwriter, art theorist, teacher. Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR, laureate of two Stalin Prizes.

Roman Lazarevich Karmen (Kornman, 1906 - 1978). Soviet cameraman, documentary filmmaker, front-line cameraman, teacher, professor. People's Artist of the USSR. Director of the documentary series The Unknown War.

Mikhail Ilyich Romm (1901 - 1971). Soviet film director, screenwriter, teacher, theater director. Author documentary film"Ordinary fascism". Laureate of five Stalin Prizes, People's Artist of the USSR.

Emmanuil Gedeonovich Vitorgan (b. 1939). Soviet and Russian theater and film actor. Honored Artist of the RSFSR, People's Artist of Russia. He acted in more than a hundred films.

Arkady Isaakovich Raikin (1911 - 1987). Soviet theater, stage and film actor, theater director and humorist. People's Artist of the USSR, laureate of the Lenin Prize, Hero of Socialist Labor.

Faina Grigorievna Ranevskaya (Fanny Girshevna Feldman 1896 - 1984). Soviet theater and film actress. Laureate of the Stalin Prize, People's Artist of the USSR.

Mikhail Mikhailovich (Manievich) Zhvanetsky (b. 1934). Russian writer-satirist and performer of his own literary works. People's Artist of Ukraine. People's Artist of the Russian Federation. Founder and artistic director of the Moscow Theater of Miniatures.

Semyon Lvovich Farada (Ferdman, 1933 - 2009). Soviet and Russian theater and film actor. Honored Artist of the RSFSR, People's Artist of the Russian Federation.

Leonid Osipovich Utyosov (Lazar Iosifovich Vaisbein, 1895 - 1982). Soviet pop singer, reader, film actor, leader of the jazz orchestra "Tea Jazz" (later the State Jazz Orchestra of the RSFSR). People's Artist of the USSR.

Andrey Alexandrovich Mironov (Menaker, 1941 - 1987). Soviet theater and film actor, theater director, screenwriter, entertainer. People's Artist of the RSFSR.

Gennady Viktorovich Khazanov (b. 1945). Soviet and Russian humorist and parodist, theater and film actor, TV presenter, public figure, head of the Moscow Variety Theater. People's Artist of the RSFSR.

Roman Andreevich (Anshelevich) Kartsev (Katz, b. 1939). Soviet and Russian pop, theater and film artist. Honored Artist of the RSFSR, People's Artist of the Russian Federation. Actor of the Moscow Theater of Miniatures under the direction of Mikhail Zhvanetsky.

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The top rating of beautiful Jews includes charismatic, stately actors, musicians, singers: from the USA, Great Britain, Europe, Israel, Russia... The artists paint the Jewish face as oval in shape, with a wide forehead. Thick eyebrows. The hair is dark, often jet black and curly. The eyes are round, large, deep-set and even look a little protruding, this adds to the expressiveness of the look. Sephardic Jews have a more eastern cut of the eyes. Almond-shaped, really reminiscent of a walnut in shape - elongated with a characteristic completion in the form of a curved arrow. The expression of dark eyes is difficult to describe. In general, they are strikingly lustrous and radiant, in some they appear sleepy or dreamy, languid or weary, in others they are piercing, shimmering or secretive, while in those portraits where the upper eyelid is especially large and the eye seems half-closed, such an expression of the eyes is called "repressed cunning." Sometimes it is a soft beauty, sometimes predatory, sometimes intellectual, but Jewish men have always been appreciated by women of all nationalities. It is no secret that many brides would like to have a Jewish husband. Here is a top ranking of the most interesting Jewish men, some of them maternal and paternal, some half. Some of them grew up in religious traditions, while others did not come to this.

1. Josh Radnor

His mother is from a family of Jewish immigrants from Hungary and Russia. Josh grew up in the Columbus suburb of Bexley, where he attended a Jewish day school and went to camp for the summer. Josh Radnor's most important role was as architect Ted Mosby in the sitcom How I Met Your Mother, which launched its first season in 2005. The series became one of the most popular comedy shows on television in the 2000s and to some extent took over from the conceptually similar Friends.

2 Zac Efron

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David - Alexander Zachary. Efron's ancestors were Jewish, as were his parents. A talented actor and singer, a young handsome man, at the sight of which many ladies are lost, was born on October 18, 1987 in the town of San Luis (California) in the family of engineer David Efron and Starla Baskett.

3. Eric Dane

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Born November 9, 1972 in San Francisco, California, in a Jewish family. Eric William Dane is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Dr. Mark Sloan on Grey's Anatomy. His father is an architect and interior designer in San Francisco and his mother, Leia, is a housewife. Eric has two younger brothers.

4. Brian Greenberg

Born: May 24, 1978, Nebraska, USA Bryan Greenberg is an American actor. His first film was made in 1990. Bryan Greenberg was especially popular with the series featuring Bryan Greenberg: How to Succeed in America, The Sopranos, One Tree Hill, Law & Order. Greenberg was born into a family of psychologists Denny and Carl Greenberg. Jewish by nationality, brought up in the spirit of conservative Judaism and attended the synagogue.

5. Joshua Bowman

British actor who gained fame after his role in the TV series "Revenge".
Born in the English city of Berkshire. His father is from a family of Russian Jews, his mother's ancestry is mixed English, Irish and Italian. Joshua himself considers himself a Jew.

6. Adam Brody

Born December 15, 1979 in San Diego, California, in the family of Mark Brody, a lawyer of Jewish origin, and his wife Valeria, a graphic artist. Adam is the eldest of three children, he has younger twin brothers. In 2001, Adam got into the ensemble cast of the famous comedy American Pie 2, in the same year he had a chance to play in many more films.

7. Dave Franco

Hollywood actor. David John was born on June 12, 1985 in California to a Jewish mother, Betsy, and Douglas Franco, a descendant of the Portuguese and Swedes. The boy grew up in a creative environment. His mother writes prose and poetry, and his grandmother works at the Vernet art gallery. His parents met while studying at Stanford University. Dave has Swedish and Portuguese roots on his father's side, while he is a descendant of Russian Jews on his mother's side.
Recently, Dave has been trying himself as a director and screenwriter.

8 Harrison Ford

Born July 13, 1942 in Chicago, Illinois. His grandmother, Anna Lifshuts, came from a Jewish family living in Belarus. In 1907, the Lifshuts family left Minsk for the USA and settled in Brooklyn (New York). In 1906, Harry Nidelman arrived in America from Minsk and got a job as a tram driver. After the wedding in 1917, in New Jersey, Harry and Anna have a daughter, Dora, who later became Dorothy. Dora Nidelman married Irishman Christopher Ford, and the future actor Harrison Ford was born in their family. The actor got his name in honor of Harry's grandfather. As a result of mixing Irish and Jewish blood, an explosive mixture was obtained, which received the nickname Ferrari in Hollywood for the steep fees that he receives for his films. True, the beginning of Harrison's career did not bode well.

9. Sacha Baron Cohen

British comedian of Jewish origin
Sacha Noem Baron Cohen was born October 13, 1971 in Hammersmith, London, the youngest of three brothers in a Jewish family. Father, Gerald Baron Cohen, was a shopkeeper menswear and a native of London; mother, Daniella Naomi Baron Cohen (née Weiser), English language instructor physiotherapy exercises, born in Israel, Jewish on the paternal side, the family was of Russian origin (his great-great-grandfather, the jeweler Chaim Cohen, left the territory of modern Belarus in the 1880s.

10. Daniel Radcliffe

Born July 23, 1989 in Fulham, West London. The only child in the family. Mother - Marcia Gresham, casting agent, of Jewish origin, father - Alan Radcliffe, literary agent, was born in a family of immigrants from Northern Ireland, considers himself a Jew. He became famous after he played the main role in the film "Harry Potter".

11. Leonidov Maxim Leonidovich

Russian singer, songwriter. Born February 13, 1962, St. Petersburg.
The real name is Shapiro's father. After leaving the Secret group in 1990, Maxim Leonidov began his solo career. At the end of 1990, together with his first wife, Irina Selezneva, he immigrated to Israel. Until 1996 he lived and worked in Tel Aviv, after which he returned to St. Petersburg. Knows Hebrew.

12. Robert Downey Jr.

American actor, producer and musician. Golden Globe Award winner, Emmy (2001) and Oscar nominee (1993, 2009) was born in Manhattan, New York, April 4, 1965 in the family of actress Elsie Downey and the famous writer, director and screenwriter Robert Downey. The grandfather of the future actor on the paternal side was a Lithuanian Jew, and Irish, Hungarian, Scottish, English, German and Swiss blood also flows in his veins.

13. Sylvester Stallone

Born in 1964 in New York. Hollywood's most famous film boxer has a complex pedigree. According to his father, he is a Sicilian, and according to his mother, he is a positive Jew, originally from Odessa.

14. Jacob Benjamin Gyllenhaal

American actor, Oscar nominee in 2006, winner of the BAFTA award.
He was born on December 19, 1980 in Los Angeles (California) in the most creative family: his father was a famous director - Stephen Gyllenhaal, and his mother - a screenwriter, Naomi Foner.
Interestingly, on the father's side, Jake is the heir to a noble family from Sweden, while from his mother he inherited Russian-Jewish roots.

15. Michael Douglas

Actor, legend of Hollywood cinema. Kirk Douglas's mother (Michael Douglas's grandmother) Hannah and Hirsch's father lived near the Belarusian railway station Chausy, from where they emigrated to the States. Here their son Isidore was born, aka Issur, who later took the pseudonym Kirk Douglas, he was the fourth child in a poor Jewish family. His parents Gershl Danielovich and Brayna Danielovich emigrated to the United States from Gomel after their marriage in 1908. Iser was the only boy, in addition to him, six girls grew up in the family. The parents subsequently changed the family surname and Americanized the names, becoming Harry and Bertha Demsky. Subsequently, Kirk had a boy, Michael, who even outdid his father in his career and took a huge number of film awards in Hollywood.

16. Steve Robert Guttenberg

Steve was born on August 24, 1958 in Brooklyn, the son of an electrical engineer and a medical assistant. His mother is Anna Guttenberg (nee Newman). Father - Jer Stanley Guttenberg - electrical engineer. In addition to him, this prosperous Jewish family had two more children - Steve has two sisters. A breakthrough in his career happened in 1984, when Steve began acting in the "Police Academy"

17. Andrey Mironov

Born on March 7, 1941, in the family of famous pop artists Alexander Semyonovich Menaker and Maria Vladimirovna Mironova. An outstanding Soviet theater and film actor, theater director, screenwriter, pop singer. People's Artist of the RSFSR.
He did not immediately receive his mother's surname, and before entering school he was recorded in the metrics as Menaker. However, the campaign against cosmopolitanism that unfolded in the late 1940s was not conducive to drawing attention to Jewish origin, and the parents considered it best not to spoil the life of the child with the notorious “fifth column”. Andryusha became Mironov.

18. Alexander Alov

Born in 1923, in Kharkov. Film director, People's Artist of the USSR (1983). Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1985, posthumously). One of the best works of Alov was the film "Running", based on the play by Mikhail Bulgakov, it is dedicated to the Civil War. The adventure film "Tehran-43", filmed in 1981, became a rental favorite, and Alain Delon was among the foreign actors who played in it. Alexandra's real surname is Lapsker. A native of a Jewish family.

19. Chris Noth

Was born on November 13, 1954, in the USA, Madison. actor, screenwriter, producer. Chris became a universal favorite of women after he brilliantly played one of the main roles in the popular television series Sex and the City. Chris has Jewish parents. Regularly, accompanied by four bodyguards assigned to him by the Ministry of Tourism, he ascends to Jerusalem to offer prayer at the Wailing Wall. His wedding was organized according to Jewish traditions.

20. Sasha Roiz

Born October 21, 1973 in Tel Aviv, Israel. Israeli-Canadian actor who plays the role of Captain Sean Renard in the TV series "Grimm", as well as in such series as "Doctor House", "Largo Winch", "Lie to Me", etc. His parents are Jews from Russia. In 1980, the family moved to Canada, where Sasha began attending drama school in Montreal.

21. David Copperfield

Born September 16, 1956 in Metuchen, New Jersey, in a Jewish family of an insurance agent Rebecca and the owner of a ready-made dress store, Hyman Kotkin.
The famous American illusionist took a pseudonym for himself, in honor of the famous hero of one of Dickens' novels. The real name of the magician is David Seth Kotkin. Well, let's recall that David Copperfield was hailed by viewers and critics as the greatest illusionist in the world. He became the first magician to be honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. David Copperfield was initiated into He, along with Steven Spielberg, Martin Scorsese and Colin Powell received the Living Legend from the Library of Congress award. He has been named Wizard of the Century and Wizard of the Millennium. His face is adorned with six postage stamps. various countries, which makes David the only mage of its kind. He has won over 21 Emmy awards for his groundbreaking television show. He also holds 11 Guinness World Records and has sold more tickets than any other artist in history, selling billions of tickets more than Frank Sinatra, more than Michael Jackson and Elvis.

22. Paul Leonard Newman

Born January 26, 1925 in the prestigious Cleveland suburb of Shaker Heights. One of the famous actors American cinema. During his career, he starred in almost sixty films and received two Oscars, including an honorary one for his contribution to the film industry. His father, a successful sporting goods dealer Arthur Newman, was Jewish, and his mother, Teresa Fetzer, was a Catholic with Slovak roots. Later, Paul always emphasized his Jewishness - the very word "Jew" sounds like a challenge, he argued and was proud that Jewish blood flows in him.

23. David Beckham

English footballer, born May 2, 1975 in London in the family of kitchen fitter David Edward Alan and hairdresser Sandra Georgina West. Beckham was twice runner-up in the FIFA Player of the Year voting, and in 2004 he was the highest paid player in the world. Beckham became the first British footballer to play 100 UEFA Champions League matches. He captained England from 15 November 2000 until the conclusion of the 2006 World Cup, making 58 captaincy appearances. After that, he continued to play for the national team, playing his 100th cap for England against France on 26 March 2008. Beckham's name was the top sports search on Google in 2003 and 2004 and has become a popular advertising brand, including in the fashion world.
As a child, Beckham played football regularly at Ridgway Park in Chingford. His maternal grandfather was Jewish and David himself considers himself "half Jewish".

24. Richard Tiffany Gere

The Hollywood actor who starred in the classic Pretty Woman in leading role with Julia Roberts. Born in Philadelphia to an Anglo-Irish Jewish family. His father was an insurance agent and his mother was a housewife. After receiving an athletic scholarship, he entered the University of Massachusetts, where he studied philosophy and dramatic art. Later he studied Eastern philosophy, Buddhism. But after Caballah drew Gir to his roots, he could no longer do without Judaism, and without Israel itself.

25. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

Great Russian poet. The great-grandfather of A.S. Pushkin, Avram Petrovich Hannibal, is from Ethiopia. His Jewish - African roots are obvious. Abram was the son of one of the powerful and wealthy influential princes there. In the capital of this country, Addis Ababa, there is even a monument to the famous Russian poet, whom the Ethiopians consider their own.
Pushkin himself liked to write about his "African roots". "I often dream of leopards, and palm trees, and people in whose eyes there is night. Black natives, Arabs, brothers of my great-grandfather Avram." : "Simcha, the son of the venerable Rabbi Yosef the Wise, may his memory be blessed."

26. Vladimir Vysotsky

Soviet poet, actor, songwriter. Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (posthumously).
Researchers believe that the Vysotsky family comes from Belarus. The great-grandfather of the famous Russian poet on the paternal side was Shliom (Shlema) Vysotsky, a teacher of the Russian language. His wife's name was Feiga Leibovna Bulkovshtein. They had four children: Maria, Isaac, Lyon and Wolf. The latter was the grandfather of Vladimir Vysotsky. Vysotsky's grandmother was Wolf's first wife, nee Dora Bronstein.

27. ROBERT HOSSEIN

One of the famous actors and directors of French cinema (Geoffrey de Peyrac from the epic about Angelique), was born in France and likes to repeat that he is French. In fact, Robert is the son of composer Aminula Gusseinov, a native of Samarkand, and a Jewess, Anna Mnevskaya, from Kiev. They left Russia immediately after the revolution. The first wife of Robert Hossein was the well-known Slav Marina Vlady.

28. Jeff Goldblum

Born in Pennsylvania. In the family of Shirley, radio announcer and Harold GP. Jurassic". Oscar and Emmy Award nominee and Saturn Award winner.
His ancestors were Orthodox Jews. Goldblum's paternal grandfather, Iosif Zelikovich Povarchik, who later took the surname Goldblum, emigrated from the town of Timkovichi in the Minsk province in 1911. Grandmother - Lillian Goldblum (née Leventon) - also came from a family of Jewish immigrants from Russia. Geoffrey received a religious education, attended the synagogue and at the age of 13 passed the bar mitzvah.

29. Marcello Mastroianni

Do you remember Vittorio de Sica's films "Italian Marriage" with Sophia Loren?!
Mom never told Marcello about her origin, although her son often asked about it. “And now I want to stun everyone with news,” she finally said: his mother was Jewish, she was born in 1898 not somewhere in Western Europe, but in Minsk, and her name was Ida. By the way, grandfather Moses and grandmother Malka were Idelson by name and lived in Minsk with their daughter Ida until 1906, and then left for Germany. From there, Ida Idelson moved to Italy and married Papa Mastroianni. In September 1923, their son was born, who was named by the Italian name Marcello.

30. Leonid Utyosov

Lazar Weissbein, whom every Russian knows as Leonid Utyosov, was lucky enough to become more than a pop singer - he became a part of the life of four generations, and his creative life lasted nearly seventy years. His real name was Lazar Iosifovich Vaisbein, he was born in Odessa on March 9 (21), 1895. Utyosov's father came from a wealthy Jewish family, but married against the will of his parents and was disinherited. By the age of 15, Lenya had an excellent command of many musical instruments, often played at Jewish weddings, and sang in the synagogue.

31. Dmitry Medvedev

Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation since May 2012, chairman of the United Russia party. Third President of the Russian Federation (From May 2008 to May 2012).
David Aaronovich MENDEL. The father of "Medvedev" is AARON ABRAMOVICH MENDEL (according to his passport, he was recorded as Russian, Anatoly Afanasyevich Medvedev - JEW), professor at the Leningrad Technological Institute. Mother, TSILYA VENIAMINOVNA (according to her passport goes under the name of Yulia Veniaminovna - JEW), philologist, taught at the Herzen Pedagogical Institute, later worked as a guide in the museum. David Mendel (Medvedev) is the only child in the family. Married; with his wife Svetlana, nee LINNIK.

The longer humanity lives, the more intricate the roots of each member of society become. The origin is no longer limited to two or three nationalities, because the number of ancestors is growing, and they can be representatives of completely different cultures. But most often, for some reason, a person has Jewish roots. History knows thousands of examples when people who seemed to be bright representatives of one nation had Jewish ancestors.

And many Russian celebrities are no exception. It turns out that the honored artists of the Russian Federation have enough Jewish relatives, and some stars are actually from Israel. Let's find out more about the origin of celebrities!

Leonid Agutin (Leonty Nikolaevich Chizhov)

Soviet and Russian singer, songwriter, composer, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation. Born in Moscow, in a Jewish family of musician and tour manager Nikolai Petrovich and primary school teacher Lyudmila Leonidovna (nee Shkolnikova).

Angelica Varum (real name Maria Yurievna Varum)

A well-worn artist of the Russian Federation was born in Lvov in the family of composer Yuri Ignatievich Varum and theater director Galina Mikhailovna Shapovalova.

Varum recalls: “The surname of my grandfather is Robak, he comes from Warsaw, where my father was also born. When did the second World War, his brothers and sisters, forced to flee Poland, decided to take a rare surname "Varum" for themselves, so that after the war it would be easier to find each other. Stuck in Warsaw, my grandfather Yudka died in the ghetto along with his entire family. A deeply religious man, he enjoyed great authority, they came to him, like a rebbe, for advice, resolving controversial issues.

Larisa Alexandrovna Dolina (Larisa Alexandrovna Kudelman)

Soviet and Russian pop and jazz singer, actress. People's Artist of the Russian Federation. She was born in Baku in a Jewish family of builder Alexander Markovich Kudelman and typist Galina Izrailevna Kudelman (née Dolina). At the age of three she moved with her parents to Odessa, hometown parents.

Oleg Mikhailovich Gazmanov

Soviet and Russian pop singer, composer and poet, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, candidate of technical sciences. Father, Major Mikhail Semyonovich Gazmanov, was a professional military man, a Tatar by nationality; mother, Zinaida Abramovna (1920-2006) - a cardiologist in a military hospital, Jewish by nationality.

Tamara (Tamriko) Mikhailovna Gverdtsiteli

Singer, composer, Honored Artist of the Georgian SSR (1989), People's Artist of Georgia (1991), People's Artist of Ingushetia, People's Artist of the Russian Federation.

“I am a man of the world. She grew up in an international family. Dad is Georgian. I'm just as emotional as he is. And my mother is Jewish. Here's my mind in it. For Georgians, I am Tamara Gverdtsiteli, and for Jews - Tamara Kofman - Gverdtsiteli. I was born and raised by a Jewish mother, and over the years I feel more and more of my Jewish genes. Do I feel that I belong to Jewish people? Naturally. First of all, by blood. My mother is a purebred Jew from Odessa. I can feel it. This can only be explained by the feelings that I have in relation to my mother and to the closest people ... My grandfather Vladimir Abramovich, whom I remember very well, belonged to the Kaufman family. After the revolution, part of the family emigrated from Russia.”

Jasmine

Russian pop singer, actress, model, TV presenter. Honored Artist of the Republic of Dagestan. She was born into a family of Mountain Jews. My great-grandmother lives in Israel.

Leonidov Maxim Leonidovich

Born in the family of actors of the Leningrad Academic Comedy Theater, Honored Artists of the RSFSR Lyudmila Alexandrovna Lyulko and one of the founders of the famous skits Leonid Efimovich Leonidov ( real name Shapiro). The famous Russian singer lived in Israel for six years, recorded two music albums (in Hebrew and Russian), played in a musical, starred in a movie. And then he returned to his native St. Petersburg.

Lolita Markovna Milyavskaya (Lolita Markovna Gorelik)

Russian pop singer, actress, TV presenter and director. Her father worked with her mother as an entertainer, conducted the orchestra. During the tour of her parents, little Lolita was brought up by her grandmother. In 1972, the parents divorced, in 1974, the father emigrated abroad to Israel.

Boris Mikhailovich Moiseev

Soviet and Russian dancer, choreographer, pop singer. He was born in prison, as his mother, dissatisfied with the authorities, was a political prisoner in those years. He spent his childhood in a small Jewish ghetto in the provincial Mogilev.

Marina Arnoldovna Khlebnikova

Soviet and Russian pop singer and TV presenter.

Once Khlebnikov was asked why she was invited to play in the Jewish theater "Sholom"? To which she replied:

- I do not know. The reason was, probably, the fact that I was a student of Joseph Davydovich Kobzon. Second, I now have a name. And for the theatre, this series of performances would be a bright spot. Perhaps the recommendations of Clara Novikova also played a role. And most importantly, of course, the roots.

Mikhail Borisovich Turetsky

Russian singer and conductor. Founder, artistic director and art director of the art group Turetsky Choir and Soprano 10. People's Artist of the Russian Federation. Born into a Jewish family of immigrants from Belarus. Father - Boris Borisovich Epshtein.

Mikhail Zakharovich Shufutinsky

Russian pop singer, pianist and composer. Honored Artist of the Russian Federation. Born into a Jewish family of a war veteran and doctor Zakhar Davidovich.

Alexander Nikolaevich Uman and Igor Mikhailovich Bortnik - both lived in Israel for a long time.

Elena Vorobey (real name Elena Yakovlevna Lebenbaum)

Russian pop actress, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation. Born in a Jewish family of Yankel Movshevich Lebenbaum and his wife Nina Lvovna.

Clara Novikova

Born in Kyiv in the family of a front-line soldier, director of a shoe store in Podil, Boris Zinovievich Herzer. The Russian surname Novikova came from her first musician husband.

Maxim Alexandrovich Galkin

A popular Russian parodist, humorist, TV presenter, film actor and singer. Once he admitted that on his father's side he had Larins in his family, and on his mother's side there were Odessa Jews.

Alexander Viktorovich Kutikov

Famous Soviet and Russian musician, composer, vocalist, music producer. Honored Artist of the Russian Federation. Born into a Jewish family.

Valery Miladovich Syutkin

“My mother was born in Moscow, on Samotek. Her maiden name is Brzhezidskaya, she is of Polish and Odessa blood. To put it bluntly (laughs). So I'm a normal Polish Odessa citizen. I have Jewish roots. From my mother… I am familiar with Jewish traditions.”

Ukupnik Arkady Semyonovich

Composer, pop singer, producer of the CAR-MAN group, director of the Galla and Alla studios.

“I was born in Ukraine. There, from the age of 5, I learned what it means to be a Jew, to be "a stranger among my own." As an adult, having arrived in Moscow, I immediately noted that there is no such harsh attitude towards Jews as in Ukraine. Since then, I have achieved a lot in my life. And a lot has changed in the country.”

Vladimir Natanovich Vinokur

Soviet and Russian humorist, singer and TV presenter. Honored Artist of the RSFSR, People's Artist of the RSFSR. Born into a Jewish family of builder Natan Lvovich Vinokur.

Alfred Grieber
Theater and film actor, theater director and teacher Alexander Sanin (Alexander Akimovich Schoenberg) (1869-1956).

Theater and film actor, theater director and theater teacher Leonid Leonidov (Leonid Mironovich Wolfenzon) (1873-1941). People's Artist of the USSR (1936).

Actor Boris Borisov (Boris Samoilovich Gurovich) (1873-1939). Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1927).

Actor and theater director Yevsey Lyubimov-Lanskoy (Yevsey Iosifovich Gelibter) (1883-1943). People's Artist of the RSFSR (1933).

Actor and director Alexander Tairov (Alexander Yakovlevich Kornblit) (1885-1950). People's Artist of the RSFSR (1935).

Theater actor and director, teacher, public and political figure Solomon Mikhoels (Solomon Mikhailovich Vovsi) (1890-1948). People's Artist of the RSFSR (1935). People's Artist of the USSR (1939). Laureate of the Stalin Prize (1946).

Theater and film actor Vladimir Vladislavsky (Vladimir Vladislavovich Elnik) (1891-1970). Laureate of the Stalin Prize of the first degree (1948). People's Artist of the USSR (1967).

Theater and film actor and director Iosif Tolchanov (Iosif Moiseevich Tolchan) (1891-1981). Laureate of the Stalin Prize (1950). People's Artist of the USSR (1962).

Theater and film actor Georgy Tusuzov (Gevorg Luisparonovich Tusuzyan) (1891-1986). Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1961).

Actor, playwright and screenwriter Leonid Lyubashevsky, D. Del and Daniil Del (Leonid Solomonovich Lyubashevsky) (1892-1975). Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1939). Laureate of the Stalin Prize (1941).

Actor, variety artist, singer, musician and orchestra leader Leonid Osipovich Utyosov (Leizer Iosifovich Weissbein) (1895-1982). Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1942). People's Artist of the USSR (1965).

Theater and film actress Faina Grigoryevna Ranevskaya (Faina Girshevna Feldman) (1896-1984). Three times winner of the Stalin Prize (1949, 1951, 1951). Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1937). People's Artist of the RSFSR (1947). People's Artist of the USSR (1961).

Theater and film actress and theater teacher Cecilia Mansurova (Cecilia Lvovna Vollerstein) (1896/1897-1976). People's Artist of the RSFSR (1943). People's Artist of the USSR (1971).

Actor, director and artistic director of the theater Azariy Azarin (Azariy Mikhailovich Messerer) (1897-1937).

Theater and film actor Emmanuil Geller (Emmanuil Savelyevich Khavkin) (1898-1990). Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1974).

Theater and film actor Anatoly Goryunov (Anatoly Iosifovich Bendel) (1902-1951). People's Artist of the RSFSR (1946). Laureate of the Stalin Prize (1950).

Theater and film actor, director and screenwriter Erast Garin (Erast Pavlovich Gerasimov) (1902 - 1980). Laureate of the Stalin Prize (1941). People's Artist of the USSR (1977).

Theater and film actor Boris Olenin (Boris Yulievich Girshman - Gersht) (1903-1961). People's Artist of the RSFSR (1949). Laureate of the Stalin Prize (1950).

Ballet dancer, choreographer and choreographer Nadezhda Nadezhdina (Nadezhda Sergeevna Brushtein) (1908-1979). Laureate of the Stalin Prize (1950). People's Artist of the RSFSR (1959). People's Artist of the USSR (1966). Hero of Socialist Labor (1978).

Actor and singer Mark Bernes (Mark Naumovich Neiman) (1911-1969). Laureate of the Stalin Prize (1951). People's Artist of the RSFSR (1965).

Director, screenwriter and playwright Zakhar Agranenko (Zakhar Markovich Erukhimovich) (1912-1960).

Theater and film actor Vsevolod Yakut (Vsevolod Semyonovich Abramovich) (1912-1991). Laureate of the Stalin Prize (1946). People's Artist of the RSFSR (1959). People's Artist of the USSR (1980).

Theater and film actor Zinovy ​​Efimovich Gerdt (Zalman Efroimovich Khrapinovich (1916-1996). Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1959). People's Artist of the USSR (1990).

Playwright, writer, screenwriter and poet Alexander Volodin (Alexander Moiseevich Lifshitz) (1919-2001).

Director Alexander Shatrin (Abram Borisovich Shapiro) 1919-1978).

Actor and theater director Mikhail Vodyanoy (Mikhail Grigorievich Wasserman) (1924-1987). Honored Artist of the Ukrainian SSR (1957). People's Artist of the Ukrainian SSR (1964). People's Artist of the USSR (1976).

Writer, playwright and screenwriter Leonid Zorin (Leonid Genrikhovich Zaltsman) (1924).

Theater and film director Anatoly Vasilyevich Efros (Natan Isaevich Efros) (1925-1987). Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR (1976).

Playwright and screenwriter Mikhail Shatrov (Mikhail Filippovich Marshak) (1932-2010).

Theater and film actor Semyon Farada (Semyon Lvovich Ferdman) (1933-2009). Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1991). People's Artist of the Russian Federation (1999).

Theater and film actress Ariadna Shengelaya (Ariadna Vsevolodovna Shprink) (1937). People's Artist of the Georgian SSR (1979). People's Artist of the Russian Federation (2000).

Writer, screenwriter, producer and director Eduard Topol (Eduard Vladimirovich Topelberg) (1938).

Ballet dancer, choreographer, choreographer and writer Valery Panov (Valery Matveyevich Shulman) (1938). Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1969). Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1970).

Ballet dancer, film actress, choreographer and choreographer Mira Koltsova (Miryam Mikhailovna Raviger). Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1971). People's Artist of the RSFSR (1978). People's Artist of the USSR (1989). People's Artist of Ukraine (2004).

Ballet dancer, choreographer, choreographer and teacher Alexander Isaakovich Mints (Alexander Ivanovich Afanasiev) (1940-1992).

Composer Alexander Zhurbin (Alexander Borisovich Gandelsman) (1945). Honored Art Worker of the Russian Federation.

Theater and film actress Tatyana Vasilyeva (Tatiana Grigoryevna Itsykovich) (1947). People's Artist of the Russian Federation (1992).

Zhabotinsky Vladimir Evgenievich - Wolf Evnovich Zhabotinsky

leader of right-wing Zionism. 1880–1940 Vladimir (Zeev-Wolf, Wolf Yevnovich) Zhabotinsky was born in Odessa on October 18, 1880 into an assimilated Jewish family. Father, Evno (Evgeny Grigorievich) Zhabotinsky, office worker Russian Society navigation and trade, engaged in the purchase and sale of wheat, was a native of Nikopol; mother, Khava (Evva, Eva Markovna) Zak, was from Berdichev. When Vladimir...

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich

founder of the first socialist state in world history. 1870–1924 Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin is a world-famous pseudonym) was born in 1870 in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk), in the family of Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov, an inspector of public schools in the Simbirsk province. I.N. Ulyanov rose to the rank of real state councilor, which in the Table of Ranks corresponded to the military rank of major general ...

Sverdlov Yakov Mikhailovich

chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (head of the first Soviet state). 1885–1919 Born June 3, 1885 in Nizhny Novgorod into a Jewish family. Father - Mikhail Izrailevich Sverdlov - was an engraver; mother - Elizaveta Solomonovna - a housewife. The Sverdlovs lived on Bolshaya Pokrovskaya in the living rooms at the printing and engraving workshop. A frequent guest of the Sverdlov family was a...

Trotsky Lev Davidovich - Leiba Davidovich Bronstein

one of the organizers of the October Revolution of 1917. 1879–1940 Leon Trotsky (Leiba Davidovich Bronstein) was born on November 7, 1879 in the village of Yanovka, Elisavetgrad district, Kherson province. He was the fifth child in the family of David Leontyevich Bronstein and his wife Anna (Annetta) Lvovna, wealthy landowners from among the Jewish colonists of the agricultural farm. Leo's parents...

Radek Karl Bernhardovich - Karol Sobelson Radek

Soviet politician. 1885–1939 Karl Radek (real name Karol Sobelzon) was born on October 31, 1885 in Lemberg (in Austrian Galicia, now Lvov) into a Jewish family of a teacher. Lost his father early. He spent his childhood and youth in Tarnow, where in 1902 he graduated from the gymnasium as an external student. He was twice expelled from the gymnasium for agitation among the workers. ...

Sokolnikov Grigory Yakovlevich - Girsh Yankelevich Brilliant

Soviet statesman. 1888–1939 Sokolnikov (Girsh Yankelevich Brilliant) was born on August 15, 1888 in the city of Romny, Poltava province, into a Jewish family of a doctor, owner of a pharmacy, Yankel Brilliant. Mother - Fanya Rosenthal, daughter of a merchant of the first guild. Graduated from the 5th Moscow Classical Gymnasium. He studied at the Faculty of Law of Moscow University, which he did not finish due to his revolutionary activities. ...

Zinoviev Grigory Evseevich - Ovsey-Gersh Aronovich Apfelbaum

Soviet politician and statesman. 1883–1936 Grigory Evseevich Zinoviev (real name Ovsey-Gersh Aronovich Radomyslsky, mother Apfelbaum) was born in Yelisavetgrad on September 23, 1883 in a Jewish family of the owner of the dairy farm Aaron Radomyslsky. He was educated at home under the guidance of his father. In the family, all members were supposed to take care of prosperity, so Gersh gave paid lessons ...

Kamenev Lev Borisovich - Lev Borisovich Kamenev Rosenfeld

Soviet party and statesman. 1883–1936 Lev Borisovich Kamenev (real name Rosenfeld) was born on July 18, 1883 in Moscow into an educated Russian-Jewish family. His father was a machinist on the Moscow-Kursk railway, later - after graduating from the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology - he became an engineer; mother graduated from Bestuzhev higher courses. Leo graduated from high school in Tiflis...

Litvinov Maxim Maksimovich - Max Moiseevich Wallach Filkinstein

Soviet diplomat and statesman. 1876–1951 Maxim Maksimovich Litvinov (real name Max (Meer-Genoch) Moiseevich Wallach Filkinstein) was born on July 17, 1876, in the city of Bialystok, Grodno province (then the Russian Empire, now Poland) in the family of a Jewish merchant. He studied in a cheder, and then in a real school. After graduating from a real school in 1893, ...

Yagoda Genrikh Grigorievich - Genakh Girshevich Yegoda

Soviet statesman and politician. 1891-1938 Genrikh Grigoryevich Yagoda (Enoch Gershenovich - Genakh Girshevich - Yegoda) was born on November 20, 1891 in Rybinsk into a Jewish artisan family. His father, Gershon Fishelevich Yagoda, was a printer and engraver. In addition to Enoch, the family had two sons and five daughters. Yagoda's father was a cousin of Mikhail Izrailevich...

Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich

Soviet state and party leader. 1893-1991 Born on November 22, 1893 in the Jewish family of Prasol Moisei Gershkovich Kaganovich in the village of Kabany, Radomysl district, Kyiv province. His father, Prasol Moses Kaganovich, bought up cattle and sent them in droves to the slaughterhouses in Kyiv, so the Kaganovich family was not poor. From the age of fourteen, Lazar began ...

Alferov Zhores Ivanovich

Russian physicist, Nobel Prize winner in 2000. R. 1930 Zhores Ivanovich Alferov was born into a Belarusian-Jewish family of Ivan Karpovich Alferov and Anna Vladimirovna Rosenblum in the Belarusian city of Vitebsk. He received the name in honor of Jean Jaurès, an international fighter against the war, the founder of the newspaper "Humanite". After 1935, the family moved to the Urals, where the father...

Vygotsky Lev Semyonovich - Lev Simkhovich Vygodsky

Soviet psychologist. 1896–1934 Lev Simkhovich Vygodsky (in 1917 and 1924 he changed his patronymic and surname) was born on November 17, 1896 in the city of Orsha in the family of the deputy manager of the Gomel branch of the United Bank, the merchant Simkha (Semyon) Yakovlevich Vygodsky and his wife Tsilya (Cecilia) Moiseevna Vygodskaya . He was the second of eight children in the family. Education...

Ginzburg Vitaly Lazarevich

Russian theoretical physicist, Nobel Prize winner in 2003. 1916–2009 Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg was born in 1916 in Moscow into the family of Lazar Efimovich Ginzburg, an engineer, water treatment specialist, graduate of the Riga Polytechnic, and physician Augusta Veniaminovna Ginzburg. Early left without a mother who died of typhoid fever in 1920, when the boy was 4 years old. ...

Zeldovich Yakov Borisovich

Soviet physicist and physical chemist. 1914-1987 Born March 8, 1914 in Minsk in the family of lawyer Boris Naumovich Zeldovich and Anna Pavlovna Kiveliovich. When the baby was four months old, the family moved to St. Petersburg. Upon graduation in 1924 high school, Yakov gets a job as a laboratory assistant at the Institute of Mechanical Processing of Minerals. The future academician never...

Ioffe Abram Fedorovich

Russian and Soviet physicist. 1880-1960 Born in the city of Romny, Poltava province in 1880 in the family of a merchant of the second guild Fayvish (Fyodor Vasilyevich) Ioffe and housewife Rasheli Abramovna Weinstein. He graduated from the Romensky real school in 1897 and entered the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology. Abram received a diploma in process engineering and decided to continue his studies. In 1902...

Kagan Veniamin Fedorovich

Russian and Soviet mathematician. 1869–1953 Born in 1869 in Siauliai, Lithuania. He graduated from Kyiv University in 1892, since 1923 he has been a professor at Moscow University. Kagan drew attention to himself with his work on pangeometry. Starting from the 90s of the XIX century, Kagan popularized the legacy of N.I. Lobachevsky. In "The Foundations of Geometry" (1905-1907) he gave the axiomatics...

Kikoin Isaak Konstantinovich

Soviet experimental physicist. 1908-1984 Born in 1908 in Malyye Zhagory, Shavelsk district, Kovno province, in the family of school mathematics teacher Kushel Isaakovich Kikoin and Buni Izrailevna Maiofis. Since 1915 he lived with his family in the Pskov province. In 1923, at the age of 15, Isaac graduated from school in Pskov and entered the 3rd ...

Lavochkin Semyon Alekseevich - Shlyoma Aizikovich Magaziner

Soviet aviation designer. 1900–1960 Semyon Alekseevich Lavochkin (Shlema Aizikovich Shoper) was born on September 11, 1900 in Smolensk into a Jewish family. His father was a melamed (teacher). In 1917 he became a gold medalist, then went into the army. Until 1920 he served in the border division as a private. In 1920, from the ranks of the Red Army, he was sent to ...

Landau Lev Davidovich

theoretical physicist, Nobel laureate in 1962. 1908–1968 Born into a Jewish family of oil engineer David Lvovich Landau and his wife Lyubov Veniaminovna in Baku on January 22, 1908. From 1916 he studied at the Baku Jewish Gymnasium, where his mother was a natural science teacher. At the age of fourteen, he entered the Baku University, where he studied simultaneously at two...

Lifshits Evgeny Mikhailovich

Soviet physicist. 1915-1985 Born in Kharkov in the family of a famous Kharkov oncologist, Professor Mikhail Ilyich Lifshits, whose doctoral dissertation was opposed by Academician I.P. Pavlov. Graduated from Kharkov Polytechnical Institute in 1933. In 1933–1938 he worked at the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, since 1939 at the Institute of Physical Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Pupil L.D. Landau. Passed Landau's theoretical minimum...

Mandelstam Leonid Isaakovich

Soviet physicist. 1879-1944 Born on May 4, 1879 in Mogilev in the family of a doctor Isaac Grigoryevich Mandelstam and Mina Lvovna Kan. Childhood and youth were spent in Odessa. Until the age of 12 he studied at home, in 1891 he entered the gymnasium, which he graduated in 1897 with a medal. Studied at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at the Novorossiysk University (Odessa), ...

Mil Mikhail Leontievich

Soviet helicopter designer and scientist. 1909–1970 Mikhail Mil was born in Irkutsk on November 22, 1909 into a Jewish family. His father, Leonty Samoilovich Mil, was a railway employee, his mother, Maria Efimovna, was a dentist. His grandfather, Samuil Mil, was a cantonist, after 25 years of service in the navy he settled in Siberia. At the age of twelve he made...

Perelman Yakov Isidorovich

Russian and Soviet scientist, popularizer of science. 1882-1942 Yakov Isidorovich Perelman was born on December 4, 1882 in the city of Bialystok, Grodno province of the Russian Empire (now Bialystok is part of Poland) into a Jewish family. His father worked as an accountant, his mother taught in elementary grades. The father died in 1883, and the mother had to raise the children alone. She is...

Samoilovich Rudolf Lazarevich - Reuben Lazarevich Samoilovich

Soviet polar explorer. 1881–1939 Rudolf (Reuben) Samoylovich was born in Azov on September 13, 1881, into a prosperous family of a Jewish merchant. After graduating from the Mariupol gymnasium, he entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Novorossiysk University. There he joined a revolutionary circle and came under police surveillance. Worried about the fate of her son, his mother sent him to continue his education in Germany, during...

Tarle Evgeny Viktorovich

Soviet historian. 1874-1955 Born November 8, 1874 in Kyiv in a Jewish family, was named Gregory. My father belonged to the merchant class, but he was mainly engaged in raising children, served as the manager of a shop owned by a Kyiv company, and his wife managed there. He spoke German and even translated Dostoevsky. Mother came from a family, in history...

Frank Ilya Mikhailovich

Soviet physicist, Nobel Prize winner in 1958. 1908–1990 Born on October 23, 1908 in the family of the mathematician Mikhail Ludwigovich Frank and Elizaveta Mikhailovna Frank (born Gratsianova), who had recently moved to St. Petersburg from Nizhny Novgorod. The future physicist came from a well-known Moscow Jewish family - his great-grandfather, Moses Mironovich Rossiyansky, in the 60s of the XIX ...

Frenkel Yakov Ilyich

Soviet theoretical physicist. 1894–1952 Frenkel was born into a Jewish family in Rostov-on-Don in 1894. His parents are Narodnaya Volya Ilya Abramovich Frenkel and Rosalia Abramovna Batkina. Uncle - Yakov Abramovich Frenkel (1877-1948) - Soviet musicologist. In 1912, while still at the gymnasium, Yakov wrote his first work on the Earth's magnetic field and atmospheric electricity. This...

Khariton Julius Borisovich

Russian theoretical physicist and physicist-chemist. 1904–1996 Julius Borisovich Khariton was born in St. Petersburg on February 27, 1904 into a Jewish family. Grandfather, Iosif Davidovich Khariton, was a merchant of the first guild in Feodosia. Father, Boris Osipovich Khariton, was a well-known journalist, expelled from the USSR in 1922, after the annexation of Latvia to the USSR in 1940, he was convicted ...

Khvolson Daniil Avraamovich

Russian orientalist, historian, linguist. 1819–1911 Born November 21, 1819 in Vilna. The son of a poor Jew from Lithuania received a religious Jewish education in a cheder and a yeshiva, studied the Tanakh, the Talmud, and commentators on the Talmud. Later, he taught himself German, French and Russian. He attended a course at the University of Breslau, received a PhD from the University of Leipzig...

Stern Lina Solomonovna

Soviet biochemist and physiologist. 1878–1968 Born in Libau (now Latvia) into a wealthy Jewish family on August 26, 1878. The father is a prominent businessman with European connections, the mother raised children, of whom there were seven in the family. She dreamed of becoming a zemstvo doctor. The Jewess Stern failed to enter the medical faculty of Moscow University. She was educated at Geneva...

Rubinstein Anton Grigorievich

composer, pianist, conductor, music teacher. 1829–1894 Anton Rubinstein was born on November 28, 1829 in the Transnistrian village of Vykhvatints, Podolsk province. He was the third son in a wealthy Jewish family. Rubinstein's father - Grigory Romanovich Rubinstein - came from Berdichev, by the time the children were born he was a merchant of the second guild. Mother - Kaleria Khristoforovna Rubinstein - ...

Rubinstein Nikolai Grigorievich

virtuoso pianist and conductor. 1835–1881 Born June 14, 1835 in Moscow. The Rubinstein family moved to Moscow from the Transnistrian village of Vykhvatinets three years before the birth of Nikolai. By the time he was born, she was quite wealthy. Nikolay studied music from the age of four under the guidance of his mother, and from the age of seven he gave concerts with his brother Anton. Studied...

Engel Julius Dmitrievich

music critic, composer. 1868–1927 Julius Dmitrievich (Joel) Engel was born on April 28, 1868 in Berdyansk. There he graduated from the Russian gymnasium, in 1886-1890 he studied at the Faculty of Law Kharkiv University and received a law degree. Ioel inherited from his father, an amateur guitarist, an interest in music, including Jewish, took a course at the Kharkov Musical College in...

Maykapar Samuil Moiseevich

pianist and composer. 1867–1938 Samuel Maykapar was born on December 18, 1867 in Kherson. Soon Samuil Maykapar's family moved from Kherson to Taganrog. Here he entered the Taganrog gymnasium. He started playing music at the age of six. In 1885 he moved to St. Petersburg and entered the conservatory, where he studied as a pianist with Beniamino Cesi, Vladimir...

Glier Reinhold Moritzevich

Soviet composer, musical and public figure. 1875_1956 Reinhold Moritsevich Glier (Reingold Ernest Glier) was born on January 11, 1875 in Kyiv. The Gliere family comes from Jews who converted to Lutheranism. Father - Moritz Gliere moved to Kyiv from the German city of Klingenthal. He was a master for the production of brass wind instruments, and in Kyiv he was the owner of a music workshop. ...

Gnessins

Evgenia Fabianovna, married Savina (1870–1940), Maria Fabianovna (1871–1918), Elena Fabianovna (1874–1967), Elizaveta Fabianovna, married Vitachek (1879–1953), Olga Fabianovna, married Aleksandrova (1885 –1963), Mikhail Fabianovich (1883–1957) .. Russian musicians, founders of the music school Sisters and brother were born in Rostov-on-Don in the family of Fabian Osipovich Gnesin, a rabbi. Mother Bella Isaevna Fletzinger-Gnesina, singer, student of the Polish composer S. Moniuszko. Baptized daughters of the Rostov rabbi...

Dunayevsky Isaac Osipovich - Isaac Beru Betsalev Dunayevsky

Soviet composer. 1900-1955 Dunaevsky (Isaac Beru Iosif Betsalev Tsalievich Dunaevsky) was born on January 30, 1900 in the Ukrainian town of Lokhvitsa into a Jewish family of a small bank clerk Tsale-Yosef Simonovich and Rozalia Isaakovna Dunaevsky. The family was musical. Grandfather was a cantor, mother played the piano and sang. From childhood, he showed outstanding musical abilities, from the age of 8 ...

Schnittke Alfred Garrievich

Soviet and Russian composer. 1934-1998 Alfred Schnittke was born on November 24, 1934 in the city of Engels in the Volga German Republic in a mixed Jewish and German family, the son of a Jew and a German. His father, Harry Viktorovich Schnittke, was born in Frankfurt am Main. Mother, Maria Iosifovna Vogel, came from German colonists. The first language of the composer was German, however...

Gusman Israel Borisovich

Russian conductor. 1917–2003 Gusman Izrail Borisovich was born on August 18, 1917 in Nizhny Novgorod in the family of the famous music critic Boris Evseevich Gusman. Soon the Guzman family moved to Moscow. In 1931, Israel Borisovich graduated from the music school named after. Gnesins and entered the military conducting faculty of the Moscow Conservatory. During his studies, he started working...

Gilels Emil Grigorievich

outstanding Soviet pianist. 1916–1985 Emil Gilels was born on October 19, 1916 in Odessa, into a Jewish family. Father, Grigory Gilels, worked at a sugar factory, mother - Esther - was a housewife. Emil began playing the piano at the age of five and a half. Having quickly achieved significant success, Gilels makes his first public appearance in May...

Petrov Nikolay Arnoldovich

Soviet and Russian pianist. 1943–2011 Nikolai Petrov was born on April 14, 1943 in Moscow, into a family of musicians. His father, cellist Arnold Yakovlevich Ferkelman, performed with the piano accompaniment of Dmitry Shostakovich and was friends with the composer; grandfather - opera bass Vasily Rodionovich Petrov, sang in Bolshoi Theater; uncle - composer Moses ...

Zeitlin Lev Moiseevich

Soviet violinist. 1881–1952 Born March 15, 1881 in Tbilisi. In 1901 he graduated from the St. Petersburg Conservatory in violin class with L.S. Auer, a Russian violinist of Hungarian origin. Auer is the founder of the so-called Russian violin school. Trained over 300 students. In 1918 he emigrated to the USA. Lev Zeitlin gave concerts in Russia after graduating from the conservatory...

Oistrakh David Fedorovich - David Fishelevich Oistrakh

Soviet violinist, violist, conductor. 1908-1974 David Fedorovich (Fishelevich) Oistrakh was born on September 30, 1908 in Odessa in the family of a merchant of the second guild Fishel Davidovich Oistrakh and his wife Beila. From the age of five he studied violin and viola with Pyotr Stolyarsky, first privately, and since 1923 at the Odessa Music and Drama Institute...

Kogan Leonid Borisovich

Soviet violinist. 1924–1982 Leonid Borisovich Kogan was born on November 14, 1924 in Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine), in the family of photographer Boris Semyonovich and Sofia Lvovna Kogan. He studied from 1933 in Moscow, from 1936 - at the Central Music School in the class of A.I. Yampolsky, he also graduated from Moscow in 1948 ...

Elman Mikhail Saulovich

Russian and American violinist. 1891–1967 Misha Elman was born into a musical Jewish family. His grandfather, Yosele Elman, was a famous klezmer violinist (the origins of klezmer are found both in ancient Jewish folklore and in the music of neighboring peoples, especially Moldavian). Grandfather gave his four-year-old grandson the first violin. Father - Saul Iosifovich Elman - was a melamed ...

Milstein Natan Mironovich

Soviet and American violinist. 1904–1992 Nathan Milstein was born on January 13, 1904 in Odessa, far from music. large family. His father, Myron Milstein, worked for a woolen textile company; mother, Maria Blueshtein, was a housewife; the family had seven children. He studied violin at the school of Peter Stolyarsky until 1914, then studied...

Kheifets Yasha - Iosif Ruvimovich Kheifets

one of the greatest violinists of the 20th century. 1901-1987 Yasha (Iosif Ruvimovich) Kheifets was born on February 2, 1901 in the city of Vilnius (Russian Empire) in the family of music teacher Ruvim Elievich Kheifets and Khaya Izrailevna Sharfshtein. Yasha started learning the violin at the age of three from his father and soon became known as a child prodigy. Started at the age of four...

Galich Alexander Arkadievich - Alexander Arkadievich Ginzburg

author and performer of his own songs. 1918–1977 Alexander Arkadyevich Galich (Ginzburg) was born on October 19, 1918 in Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk) into an intelligent Jewish family. Father - Aron Samoilovich Ginzburg, economist; mother - Feiga (Fanny, Faina) Borisovna Veksler, worked at the conservatory. Grandfather, Samuil Ginzburg, was a well-known pediatrician in the city. In 1920, the Galich family...

Kristalinskaya Maya Vladimirovna

Soviet pop singer. 1932-1985 Maya Vladimirovna was born on February 24, 1932 in an intelligent Moscow family. Russian by mother, Jewish by father. While studying at school, she studied in the children's choir of the Folk Song and Dance Ensemble central house children of railway workers, led by Semyon Osipovich Dunaevsky, brother of Isaac Dunaevsky. Graduation night in June...

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich

one of the greatest poets of the 20th century, winner of the Nobel Prize in 1958. 1890–1960 The future poet was born in Moscow into a creative Jewish family. Father - artist, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts Leonid Osipovich (Isaac Iosifovich) Pasternak, mother - pianist Rosalia Isidorovna Pasternak (nee Kaufman). The family moved to Moscow from Odessa in 1889, within a year...

Antokolsky Pavel Grigorievich

Soviet poet. 1896–1978 Pavel Antokolsky was born on July 1, 1896 in St. Petersburg. His father Grigory Moiseevich worked as an assistant to a barrister, until 1933 he served in Soviet institutions. Mother Olga Pavlovna, who graduated from the Frebel courses, devoted herself entirely to the family. Antokolsky's grandfather was the famous sculptor Mark Antokolsky, the creator of the famous statue of Ivan the Terrible. From childhood, Pavel was fond of ...

Shvarts Evgeny Lvovich

Soviet writer. 1896–1958 Evgeny Lvovich Schwartz was born on October 21, 1896 in Kazan. His father was Lev Borisovich (Vasilyevich) Schwartz, who converted to Orthodoxy, a Jew, his mother was Maria Fedorovna Shelkova from an Orthodox Russian family. Moreover, not only the father of Yevgeny Schwartz was Orthodox, but also his grandfather, who received the name Boris at baptism (according to the successor ...

Babel Isaak Emmanuilovich

Soviet writer. 1894–1940 Isaac Babel was born on July 12, 1984 in Odessa on Moldavanka into a Jewish family of a poor merchant Manya Itskovich Bobel, originally from Bila Tserkva, and Feiga (Fani) Aronovna Bobel. Babel's biography has some gaps. This is mainly due to the fact that the autobiographical notes of the writer himself are largely altered, invented ...

Mandelstam Osip Emilievich

one of the greatest Russian poets of the 20th century. 1891–1938 Osip Mandelstam was born on January 15, 1891 in Warsaw into a Jewish family. Father, Emil Veniaminovich (Emil, Huskl, Khatskel Beniaminovich) Mandelstam, was a glove master, was a merchant of the first guild, which gave him the right to live outside the Pale of Settlement, despite his Jewish origin. Mother Flora...

Tynyanov Yury Nikolaevich - Yury Nasonovich Tynyanov

Soviet writer, literary critic. 1894–1943 Yuri Nikolaevich (Nasonovich) Tynyanov was born on October 18, 1894 in Rezhitsa, Vitebsk province, into a wealthy Jewish family of a doctor Nason Arkadyevich Tynyanov and co-owner of the tannery Sofya Borisovna Tynyanov (nee Sora-Khasi Epshtein). In 1904-1912 he studied at the Pskov Gymnasium, from which he graduated with a silver medal. Then he studied in 1912-1918...

Kassil Lev Abramovich

Soviet writer. 1905–1970 Lev Kassil was born on July 10, 1905 in Pokrovskaya Sloboda (now the city of Engels, Saratov Region) in the family of a doctor Abram Grigoryevich Kassil and a music teacher, then a dentist Anna Iosifovna Perelman. He studied at the gymnasium, which after the revolution was transformed into the Unified Labor School, from which he graduated in 1923. The school published a handwritten ...

Kaverin Veniamin Aleksandrovich - Veniamin Aleksandrovich Zilber

Soviet writer. 1902–1989 Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin (Zilber) was born on April 19, 1902 in the family of Abel Abramovich Zilber, bandmaster of the 96th Omsk Infantry Regiment, and his wife, Khana Girshevna Desson, owner of music stores. On August 14, 1912, according to the results of admission tests, Veniamin Zilber was enrolled in the preparatory class of the Pskov provincial gymnasium, where he studied ...

Ilf Ilya Arnoldovich - Yehiel-Leib Arevich Fainzilberg

Soviet writer and journalist. 1897–1937 Ilya Arnoldovich Ilf (Iekhiel-Leib Aryevich Fainzilberg) was born on October 15, 1897, the third of four sons in the family of a bank clerk Arye Benyaminovich Fainzilberg and his wife Mindl Aronovna in Odessa, where they moved between 1893 and 1895. In 1913 he graduated from a technical school, after which he worked in a drawing...

Kazakevich Emmanuil Genrikhovich

Russian and Jewish Soviet writer. 1913-1962 Kazakevich (among relatives known as Emma Kazakevich) was born on February 24, 1913 in Kremenchug, Poltava province, in the family of a Jewish publicist and literary critic Genekh Kazakevich. In 1930, Emmanuel graduated from the Kharkov Engineering College and the following year he moved with his parents to Birobidzhan, where the Jewish...

Grossman Vasily Semyonovich - Iosif Solomonovich Grossman

Soviet writer and journalist. 1905–1964 Vasily Grossman (Iosif Solomonovich Grossman) was born on December 12, 1905 in Berdichev into an intelligent Jewish family. His father, Solomon Iosifovich Grossman, a chemical engineer by profession, was a graduate of the University of Bern and came from a Bessarabian merchant family. Mother - Ekaterina (Malka) Savelievna Vitis, teacher French – ...

Aliger Margarita Iosifovna - Margarita Iosifovna Zeiliger

Soviet poetess. 1915–1992 Margarita Iosifovna Aliger (Zeiliger) was born on October 7, 1915 in Odessa into a Jewish family. Her parents were employees. Her father dreamed of composing music all his life, but for many years a terrible need forced him to translate technical literature. Therefore, he really wanted at least his daughter to be able to ...

Barto Agniya Lvovna - Gitel Leibovna Volova

Soviet children's poet. 1906–1981 Agnia Lvovna (Gitel Leibovna Volova) was born on February 17, 1906 in Moscow into an educated Jewish family of a veterinarian. According to the testimony of her daughter, Tatyana Andreevna Shcheglyaeva, Agnia was born in 1907. The fact is that when Agnia was 17 years old, in order to receive rations for employees (herring heads), she ...

Dragunsky Viktor Yuzefovich

Soviet writer. 1913–1972 Viktor Dragunsky was born on November 30, 1913 in New York to a family of emigrants from Russia. Soon after that, the parents returned to their homeland and settled in Gomel. Victor started working early to provide for himself, because during the war his father died of typhus. His stepfather I. Voitsekhovich, Red Commissar, ...

Marshak Samuil Yakovlevich

Soviet poet. 1887–1964 Samuil Marshak was born on November 3, 1887 in Voronezh into a Jewish family. His father, Yakov Mironovich, worked as a foreman at a soap factory. Mother, Evgenia Borisovna Gitelson, was a housewife. The surname "Marshak" is an abbreviation meaning "Our teacher Rabbi Aaron Shmuel Kaidanover" and belongs to the descendants of this famous rabbi and Talmudist (1624-1676). Early...

Rybakov Anatoly Naumovich

Soviet, Russian writer. 1911–1998 Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov was born on January 14, 1911 in Chernigov into a Jewish family of engineer Naum Borisovich Aronov and his wife Dina Abramovna Rybakova. From 1919 he lived in Moscow. He studied at the former Khvostovskaya gymnasium. All childhood impressions and memories of Rybakov are connected with life. big city 1920s. Here, ...

Samoilov David - David Samuilovich Kaufman

Soviet poet, translator. 1920–1990 David Samoilov (David Samuilovich Kaufman) was born on June 1, 1920 in Moscow into a Jewish family. Father - a famous doctor, chief venereologist of the Moscow region Samuil Abramovich Kaufman; mother - Cecilia Izrailevna Kaufman. In 1938, David Samoilov graduated from high school and entered the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, History and Literature (MIFLI) - ...

Levitansky Yuri Davidovich

poet and translator. 1922-1996 Yuri Davidovich Levitansky was born on January 22, 1922 in the city of Kozelets (Chernihiv region, Ukrainian SSR) into an assimilated Jewish family. They lived in poverty, sometimes in need of the most necessary, especially after one day they were completely robbed, taking out almost everything that was there from the house. Shortly after the birth of Yuri, the family moved ...

Dolmatovsky Evgeny Aronovich

Soviet poet. 1915–1994 Evgeny Dolmatovsky was born on May 5, 1915 in Moscow into the family of a lawyer, member of the Bar Association, Associate Professor of the Moscow Law Institute Aron Moiseevich Dolmatovsky. During the years of study at the Pedagogical College, he began to publish in the pioneer press. In 1932-1934 he worked on the construction of the Moscow metro. In 1937 he graduated from the Literary Institute. March 28, 1938 was...

Brodsky Joseph Alexandrovich

Russian and American poet, Nobel Prize winner in 1987. 1940–1996 Joseph Brodsky was born on May 24, 1940 in Leningrad into a Jewish family. Father, Alexander Ivanovich Brodsky, was a military photojournalist, returned from the war in 1948 and went to work in the photographic laboratory of the Naval Museum. After that, he worked as a photographer and journalist in several...

Eisenstein Sergei Mikhailovich

Soviet theater and film director. 1898–1948 Sergei Eisenstein was born in Riga (Russian Empire) on January 22, 1898 into a wealthy family of city architect Mikhail Osipovich Eisenstein. His father, Mikhail Osipovich Eisenstein, was a Riga city architect and rose to the rank of titular councillor. Mikhail Eisenstein died in Berlin, but was buried in a Russian cemetery. ...

Room Abram Matveevich

Soviet filmmaker. 1894–1976 Born June 28, 1894 in Vilna (Russian Empire). In 1914-1917 he studied at the Petrograd Psycho-Neurological Institute, in 1917-1922 - at the Medical Faculty of Saratov University. In parallel with his studies, he worked as a teacher in the Saratov Department of Arts, was the rector of the Saratov Higher State Workshops, and a director at the Demonstration and Children's Theaters. Leading the theater...

Romm Mikhail Ilyich

Soviet filmmaker. 1901-1971 Romm was born on January 24, 1901 into a family of Jewish Social Democrats in Irkutsk, where his father, a doctor by profession, was exiled for participating in revolutionary activities. Mother came from a family of intellectuals. She passionately loved the theater and passed on her love of art to her children. From the age of nine he grew up in Moscow. Graduated from high school...

Mikhoels Solomon Mikhailovich - Solomon Mikhoels Vovsi

Soviet Jewish theater actor and director. 1890–1948 Solomon Mikhoels (Vovsi) was born on March 16, 1890 in Dinaburg (now Daugavpils, Latvia), into a patriarchal Jewish family. Got a traditional Jewish elementary education in the header. According to the actor himself, he “only at the age of thirteen began to study systematically the secular sciences and the Russian language.” Then in...

Chukhrai Grigory Naumovich

Soviet filmmaker. 1921–2001 Born on May 23, 1921 in Melitopol. Father, Rubanov Naum Zinovievich, was a military man. In 1924, Grigory's parents separated and he stayed with his mother. He was raised by his stepfather, Pavel Antonovich Litvinenko, who worked as the chairman of the collective farm. In 1935, my stepfather was sent to study at the All-Union Academy of Socialist Agriculture in Moscow, ...

Motyl Vladimir Yakovlevich

Soviet and Russian theater and film director. 1927–2010 Born on June 26, 1927 in the Belarusian town of Lepel into a Jewish family. His father, Yakov Davydovich (Danilovich) Motyl, a Polish immigrant, worked as a mechanic at the Kommunar plant in Minsk. Vladimir was three years old when his father was arrested on charges of espionage and sent to a camp on...

Efros Anatoly Vasilievich - Natan Isaevich Efros

Soviet theater director 1925–1987 Anatoly Efros (Natan Isaevich Efros) was born on July 3, 1925 in Kharkov in a family of employees of an aviation plant. During the Great Patriotic War, in evacuation to Perm, until 1945, Anatoly worked as a mechanic at the same plant. From childhood he was fascinated by the theater. In 1943 he entered the studio of...

Schweitzer Mikhail Abramovich - Moses Abramovich Schweitzer

Soviet filmmaker. 1920–2000 Mikhail (Moses) Abramovich Schweitzer was born on February 16, 1920 in Perm. In the spring of 1925 the family moved to Moscow. He graduated from the directing department of VGIK in 1943. He studied in the workshop of Eisenstein. “I am a student of Eisenstein,” Schweitzer liked to say. – I really remember many of his precepts…” His appearance in the cinema fell on the period…

Sats Natalia Ilyinichna

founder and director of six children's theaters. 1903–1993 Natalia Sats was born on August 27, 1903 in Irkutsk in the family of composer Ilya Aleksandrovich Sats and opera singer Anna Mikhailovna Shchastnaya. Ilya Sats, Natalia's father, was born in the town of Chernobyl into a Jewish family. His father, Alexander Mironovich Sats, was a barrister. Ilya grew up in Chernihiv, ...

Raikin Arkady Isaakovich

Soviet pop and theater actor, director. 1911–1987 Arkady Raikin was born on October 24, 1911 in Riga into a Jewish family of Itzik (Isaac) Davidovich Raikin, a port scavenger of construction timber, and his wife, a housewife, Elizaveta Borisovna Raikina (ur. Gurevich). As a child I visited cheder. While studying at school in Rybinsk, he was engaged in a drama circle and was fond of ...

Kio Igor Emilievich

circus performer, illusionist. 1944–2006 Igor Kio was born on March 13, 1944 in Moscow. Father - Emil Teodorovich Renard-Kio (Girshfeld), mother - Evgenia Vasilievna Girshfeld. In 1917, Emil worked in the theater of miniatures, then moved to the Cinizelli Circus (Poland). The circus was his life and remained it to the end. At the circus, Emil worked part-time ...

Utyosov Leonid Osipovich - Lazar Leizer Iosifovich Vaisbein

Soviet pop artist. 1895–1982 Leonid Osipovich Utesov (Lazar (Leizer) Iosifovich Vaisbein) was born on March 21, 1895 in Odessa into a large Jewish family of a small businessman Osip (Joseph) Kalmanovich Vaisbein and Malka Moiseevna. Leonid studied in Odessa at a commercial school, from where he was expelled in 1909 for poor academic performance and low discipline. After a short...

Urbansky Evgeny Yakovlevich

Soviet theater and film actor. 1932–1965 Evgeny Urbansky was born on February 27, 1932 in Moscow. Father, Yakov Samoilovich, a senior Komsomol and party worker, at that time held the post of second secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan. In 1938 he was repressed and served time in a camp near Vorkuta. Mother, Polina Filippovna, with two sons ...

Prudkin Mark Isaakovich

Soviet and Russian theater and film actor. 1898-1994 Mark Isaakovich Prudkin was born on September 13, 1898 in the city of Klin in the family of the tailor Isaak Lvovich Prudkin and Rakhil Lazarevna Prudkina. Mark graduated from the Klin real school. There he participated in amateur performances. From 1918 to 1924 he studied at the 2nd Studio of the Moscow Art Theater (in parallel...

Ranevskaya Faina Georgievna

Soviet theater and film actress. 1896–1984 Faina Georgievna (Grigorievna) Ranevskaya (Faina Girshevna Feldman) was born on August 27, 1896 in Taganrog into a wealthy Jewish family. Father, Feldman Girshi Khaimovich, was the owner of a dry paint factory, several houses, a shop and the St. Nicholas steamer. Mom - Feldman Milka Rafailovna Zagovailova. In addition to her, the family already ...

Plyatt Rostislav Yanovich

Soviet theater and film actor. 1908–1989 Rostislav Plyatt was born in Rostov-on-Don on December 13, 1908. Father - a well-known Rostov lawyer Ivan Iosifovich Plyat, a Jew by nationality. The pseudonym Rostislav came up with himself, adding one letter to the surname and slightly changing the patronymic. Mother - Zinaida Pavlovna Zakamennaya - Ukrainian, originally from Poltava. In 1916...

Gerdt Zinoviy Efimovich - Zalman Afroimovich Efraimovich Khrapinovich

Soviet and Russian theater and film actor. 1916–1996 Zinovy ​​Gerdt (Zalman Afroimovich (Efraimovich) Khrapinovich) was born on September 21, 1916 into a poor Jewish family in the Pskov region. At the age of 15 he graduated from the Kuibyshev Moscow Electric Plant and worked as an electrician on the construction of the Moscow metro. There was a theater at the factory working youth(TRAM), in which the actor...

Kozakov Mikhail Mikhailovich

Soviet, Russian and Israeli director, theater and film actor. 1934–2011 Mikhail Mikhailovich Kozakov was born on October 14, 1934 in Leningrad into a Jewish family of writer Mikhail Emmanuilovich Kozakov and editor of the Writers' Publishing House in Leningrad Zoya Alexandrovna Nikitina (née Gatskevich). She was arrested twice - in 1937 and in 1948. In the Kozakovs' apartment...

Shklovsky Viktor Borisovich

Soviet film critic and screenwriter. 1893-1984 Viktor Shklovsky was born on January 24, 1893 in St. Petersburg in the family of a mathematics teacher of Jewish origin, later professor of the Higher Artillery Courses Boris Vladimirovich Shklovsky and his wife Varvara Karlovna, nee Bundel, of Russian-German origin. The elder brother of Viktor Shklovsky, Vladimir Shklovsky, was a member of the Council of Orthodox Brotherhoods in 1919-1922...

Vulf Vitaly Yakovlevich

Russian art critic. 1930–2011 Vitaly Vulf was born on May 23, 1930 in Baku. Wulf's father, Yakov Sergeevich, was a well-known lawyer in Baku. Wulf's mother, Elena Lvovna Belenkaya, studied at Baku University with Vyacheslav Ivanov before his departure to Italy, was his favorite student and kept an old ...

Russian Jewish Congress in person

Website: http://help.rjc.ru/ Wiki: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Jewish_Congress Yakubovich Leonid Arkadyevich Google | ...

Catechism of the Jew in the USSR

Jews! Love each other, help each other. Help each other, even if you hate each other! Our strength is in unity, it is the guarantee of our success, our salvation and prosperity. Many nations perished in dispersion because they did not have a clear program of action and a sense of comradeship. We, thanks to the feeling ...

Emelyan Yaroslavsky - Miney Gubelman

Emelyan Mikhailovich Yaroslavsky (real name and surname Miney Izrailevich Gubelman) - Russian Jewish revolutionary, Soviet party leader, ideologist and leader of anti-religious policy in the USSR. Chairman of the Union of Militant Atheists. In July 1917, Emelyan Yaroslavsky returned to Moscow, created the military organization of the party, was one of the leaders of the Bolshevik ...

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Material created: 07/14/2015

Zhabotinsky Vladimir Evgenievich - Wolf Evnovich Zhabotinsky

leader of right-wing Zionism. 1880–1940 Vladimir (Zeev-Wolf, Wolf Yevnovich) Zhabotinsky was born in Odessa on October 18, 1880 into an assimilated Jewish family. Father, Evno (Evgeny Grigorievich) Zhabotinsky, an employee of the Russian Society of Navigation and Trade, who was engaged in the purchase and sale of wheat, was a native of Nikopol; mother, Khava (Evva, Eva Markovna) Zak, was from Berdichev. When Vladimir...

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich

founder of the first socialist state in world history. 1870–1924 Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin is a world-famous pseudonym) was born in 1870 in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk), in the family of Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov, an inspector of public schools in the Simbirsk province. I.N. Ulyanov rose to the rank of real state councilor, which in the Table of Ranks corresponded to the military rank of major general ...

Sverdlov Yakov Mikhailovich

chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (head of the first Soviet state). 1885–1919 Born June 3, 1885 in Nizhny Novgorod into a Jewish family. Father - Mikhail Izrailevich Sverdlov - was an engraver; mother - Elizaveta Solomonovna - a housewife. The Sverdlovs lived on Bolshaya Pokrovskaya in the living rooms at the printing and engraving workshop. A frequent guest of the Sverdlov family was a...

Trotsky Lev Davidovich - Leiba Davidovich Bronstein

one of the organizers of the October Revolution of 1917. 1879–1940 Leon Trotsky (Leiba Davidovich Bronstein) was born on November 7, 1879 in the village of Yanovka, Elisavetgrad district, Kherson province. He was the fifth child in the family of David Leontyevich Bronstein and his wife Anna (Annetta) Lvovna, wealthy landowners from among the Jewish colonists of the agricultural farm. Leo's parents...

Radek Karl Bernhardovich - Karol Sobelson Radek

Soviet politician. 1885–1939 Karl Radek (real name Karol Sobelzon) was born on October 31, 1885 in Lemberg (in Austrian Galicia, now Lvov) into a Jewish family of a teacher. Lost his father early. He spent his childhood and youth in Tarnow, where in 1902 he graduated from the gymnasium as an external student. He was twice expelled from the gymnasium for agitation among the workers. ...

Sokolnikov Grigory Yakovlevich - Girsh Yankelevich Brilliant

Soviet statesman. 1888–1939 Sokolnikov (Girsh Yankelevich Brilliant) was born on August 15, 1888 in the city of Romny, Poltava province, into a Jewish family of a doctor, owner of a pharmacy, Yankel Brilliant. Mother - Fanya Rosenthal, daughter of a merchant of the first guild. Graduated from the 5th Moscow Classical Gymnasium. He studied at the Faculty of Law of Moscow University, which he did not finish due to his revolutionary activities. ...

Zinoviev Grigory Evseevich - Ovsey-Gersh Aronovich Apfelbaum

Soviet political and statesman. 1883–1936 Grigory Evseevich Zinoviev (real name Ovsey-Gersh Aronovich Radomyslsky, mother Apfelbaum) was born in Yelisavetgrad on September 23, 1883 in a Jewish family of the owner of the dairy farm Aaron Radomyslsky. He was educated at home under the guidance of his father. In the family, all members were supposed to take care of prosperity, so Gersh gave paid lessons ...

Kamenev Lev Borisovich - Lev Borisovich Kamenev Rosenfeld

Soviet party and statesman. 1883–1936 Lev Borisovich Kamenev (real name Rosenfeld) was born on July 18, 1883 in Moscow into an educated Russian-Jewish family. His father was a machinist on the Moscow-Kursk railway, later - after graduating from the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology - he became an engineer; mother graduated from Bestuzhev higher courses. Leo graduated from high school in Tiflis...

Litvinov Maxim Maksimovich - Max Moiseevich Wallach Filkinstein

Soviet diplomat and statesman. 1876–1951 Maxim Maksimovich Litvinov (real name Max (Meer-Genoch) Moiseevich Wallach Filkinstein) was born on July 17, 1876, in the city of Bialystok, Grodno province (then the Russian Empire, now Poland) in the family of a Jewish merchant. He studied in a cheder, and then in a real school. After graduating from a real school in 1893, ...

Yagoda Genrikh Grigorievich - Genakh Girshevich Yegoda

Soviet statesman and politician. 1891-1938 Genrikh Grigoryevich Yagoda (Enoch Gershenovich - Genakh Girshevich - Yegoda) was born on November 20, 1891 in Rybinsk into a Jewish artisan family. His father, Gershon Fishelevich Yagoda, was a printer and engraver. In addition to Enoch, the family had two sons and five daughters. Yagoda's father was a cousin of Mikhail Izrailevich...

Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich

Soviet state and party leader. 1893-1991 Born on November 22, 1893 in the Jewish family of Prasol Moisei Gershkovich Kaganovich in the village of Kabany, Radomysl district, Kyiv province. His father, Prasol Moses Kaganovich, bought up cattle and sent them in droves to the slaughterhouses in Kyiv, so the Kaganovich family was not poor. From the age of fourteen, Lazar began ...

Alferov Zhores Ivanovich

Russian physicist, Nobel Prize winner in 2000. R. 1930 Zhores Ivanovich Alferov was born into a Belarusian-Jewish family of Ivan Karpovich Alferov and Anna Vladimirovna Rosenblum in the Belarusian city of Vitebsk. He received the name in honor of Jean Jaurès, an international fighter against the war, the founder of the newspaper "Humanite". After 1935, the family moved to the Urals, where the father...

Vygotsky Lev Semyonovich - Lev Simkhovich Vygodsky

Soviet psychologist. 1896–1934 Lev Simkhovich Vygodsky (in 1917 and 1924 he changed his patronymic and surname) was born on November 17, 1896 in the city of Orsha in the family of the deputy manager of the Gomel branch of the United Bank, the merchant Simkha (Semyon) Yakovlevich Vygodsky and his wife Tsilya (Cecilia) Moiseevna Vygodskaya . He was the second of eight children in the family. Education...

Ginzburg Vitaly Lazarevich

Russian theoretical physicist, Nobel Prize winner in 2003. 1916–2009 Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg was born in 1916 in Moscow into the family of Lazar Efimovich Ginzburg, an engineer, water treatment specialist, graduate of the Riga Polytechnic, and physician Augusta Veniaminovna Ginzburg. Early left without a mother who died of typhoid fever in 1920, when the boy was 4 years old. ...

Zeldovich Yakov Borisovich

Soviet physicist and physical chemist. 1914-1987 Born March 8, 1914 in Minsk in the family of lawyer Boris Naumovich Zeldovich and Anna Pavlovna Kiveliovich. When the baby was four months old, the family moved to St. Petersburg. After graduating from high school in 1924, Yakov got a job as a laboratory assistant at the Institute for the Mechanical Processing of Minerals. The future academician never...

Ioffe Abram Fedorovich

Russian and Soviet physicist. 1880-1960 Born in the city of Romny, Poltava province in 1880 in the family of a merchant of the second guild Fayvish (Fyodor Vasilyevich) Ioffe and housewife Rasheli Abramovna Weinstein. He graduated from the Romensky real school in 1897 and entered the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology. Abram received a diploma in process engineering and decided to continue his studies. In 1902...

Kagan Veniamin Fedorovich

Russian and Soviet mathematician. 1869–1953 Born in 1869 in Siauliai, Lithuania. He graduated from Kyiv University in 1892, since 1923 he has been a professor at Moscow University. Kagan drew attention to himself with his work on pangeometry. Starting from the 90s of the XIX century, Kagan popularized the legacy of N.I. Lobachevsky. In "The Foundations of Geometry" (1905-1907) he gave the axiomatics...

Kikoin Isaak Konstantinovich

Soviet experimental physicist. 1908-1984 Born in 1908 in Malyye Zhagory, Shavelsk district, Kovno province, in the family of school mathematics teacher Kushel Isaakovich Kikoin and Buni Izrailevna Maiofis. Since 1915 he lived with his family in the Pskov province. In 1923, at the age of 15, Isaac graduated from school in Pskov and entered the 3rd ...

Lavochkin Semyon Alekseevich - Shlyoma Aizikovich Magaziner

Soviet aviation designer. 1900–1960 Semyon Alekseevich Lavochkin (Shlema Aizikovich Shoper) was born on September 11, 1900 in Smolensk into a Jewish family. His father was a melamed (teacher). In 1917 he became a gold medalist, then went into the army. Until 1920 he served in the border division as a private. In 1920, from the ranks of the Red Army, he was sent to ...

Landau Lev Davidovich

theoretical physicist, Nobel laureate in 1962. 1908–1968 Born into a Jewish family of oil engineer David Lvovich Landau and his wife Lyubov Veniaminovna in Baku on January 22, 1908. From 1916 he studied at the Baku Jewish Gymnasium, where his mother was a natural science teacher. At the age of fourteen, he entered the Baku University, where he studied simultaneously at two...

Lifshits Evgeny Mikhailovich

Soviet physicist. 1915-1985 Born in Kharkov in the family of a famous Kharkov oncologist, Professor Mikhail Ilyich Lifshits, whose doctoral dissertation was opposed by Academician I.P. Pavlov. Graduated from Kharkov Polytechnic Institute in 1933. In 1933–1938 he worked at the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, since 1939 at the Institute of Physical Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Pupil L.D. Landau. Passed Landau's theoretical minimum...

Mandelstam Leonid Isaakovich

Soviet physicist. 1879-1944 Born on May 4, 1879 in Mogilev in the family of a doctor Isaac Grigoryevich Mandelstam and Mina Lvovna Kan. Childhood and youth were spent in Odessa. Until the age of 12 he studied at home, in 1891 he entered the gymnasium, which he graduated in 1897 with a medal. Studied at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at the Novorossiysk University (Odessa), ...

Mil Mikhail Leontievich

Soviet helicopter designer and scientist. 1909–1970 Mikhail Mil was born in Irkutsk on November 22, 1909 into a Jewish family. His father, Leonty Samoilovich Mil, was a railway employee, his mother, Maria Efimovna, was a dentist. His grandfather, Samuil Mil, was a cantonist, after 25 years of service in the navy he settled in Siberia. At the age of twelve he made...

Perelman Yakov Isidorovich

Russian and Soviet scientist, popularizer of science. 1882-1942 Yakov Isidorovich Perelman was born on December 4, 1882 in the city of Bialystok, Grodno province of the Russian Empire (now Bialystok is part of Poland) into a Jewish family. His father worked as an accountant, his mother taught in elementary grades. The father died in 1883, and the mother had to raise the children alone. She is...

Samoilovich Rudolf Lazarevich - Reuben Lazarevich Samoilovich

Soviet polar explorer. 1881–1939 Rudolf (Reuben) Samoylovich was born in Azov on September 13, 1881, into a prosperous family of a Jewish merchant. After graduating from the Mariupol gymnasium, he entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Novorossiysk University. There he joined a revolutionary circle and came under police surveillance. Worried about the fate of her son, his mother sent him to continue his education in Germany, during...

Tarle Evgeny Viktorovich

Soviet historian. 1874-1955 Born November 8, 1874 in Kyiv in a Jewish family, was named Gregory. My father belonged to the merchant class, but he was mainly engaged in raising children, served as the manager of a shop owned by a Kyiv company, and his wife managed there. He spoke German and even translated Dostoevsky. Mother came from a family, in history...

Frank Ilya Mikhailovich

Soviet physicist, Nobel Prize winner in 1958. 1908–1990 Born on October 23, 1908 in the family of the mathematician Mikhail Ludwigovich Frank and Elizaveta Mikhailovna Frank (born Gratsianova), who had recently moved to St. Petersburg from Nizhny Novgorod. The future physicist came from a well-known Moscow Jewish family - his great-grandfather, Moses Mironovich Rossiyansky, in the 60s of the XIX ...

Frenkel Yakov Ilyich

Soviet theoretical physicist. 1894–1952 Frenkel was born into a Jewish family in Rostov-on-Don in 1894. His parents are Narodnaya Volya Ilya Abramovich Frenkel and Rosalia Abramovna Batkina. Uncle - Yakov Abramovich Frenkel (1877-1948) - Soviet musicologist. In 1912, while still at the gymnasium, Yakov wrote his first work on the Earth's magnetic field and atmospheric electricity. This...

Khariton Julius Borisovich

Russian theoretical physicist and physicist-chemist. 1904–1996 Julius Borisovich Khariton was born in St. Petersburg on February 27, 1904 into a Jewish family. Grandfather, Iosif Davidovich Khariton, was a merchant of the first guild in Feodosia. Father, Boris Osipovich Khariton, was a well-known journalist, expelled from the USSR in 1922, after the annexation of Latvia to the USSR in 1940, he was convicted ...

Khvolson Daniil Avraamovich

Russian orientalist, historian, linguist. 1819–1911 Born November 21, 1819 in Vilna. The son of a poor Jew from Lithuania received a religious Jewish education in a cheder and a yeshiva, studied the Tanakh, the Talmud, and commentators on the Talmud. Later, he taught himself German, French and Russian. He attended a course at the University of Breslau, received a PhD from the University of Leipzig...

Stern Lina Solomonovna

Soviet biochemist and physiologist. 1878–1968 Born in Libau (now Latvia) into a wealthy Jewish family on August 26, 1878. The father is a prominent businessman with European connections, the mother raised children, of whom there were seven in the family. She dreamed of becoming a zemstvo doctor. The Jewess Stern failed to enter the medical faculty of Moscow University. She was educated at Geneva...

Rubinstein Anton Grigorievich

composer, pianist, conductor, music teacher. 1829–1894 Anton Rubinstein was born on November 28, 1829 in the Transnistrian village of Vykhvatints, Podolsk province. He was the third son in a wealthy Jewish family. Rubinstein's father - Grigory Romanovich Rubinstein - came from Berdichev, by the time the children were born he was a merchant of the second guild. Mother - Kaleria Khristoforovna Rubinstein - ...

Rubinstein Nikolai Grigorievich

virtuoso pianist and conductor. 1835–1881 Born June 14, 1835 in Moscow. The Rubinstein family moved to Moscow from the Transnistrian village of Vykhvatinets three years before the birth of Nikolai. By the time he was born, she was quite wealthy. Nikolay studied music from the age of four under the guidance of his mother, and from the age of seven he gave concerts with his brother Anton. Studied...

Engel Julius Dmitrievich

music critic, composer. 1868–1927 Julius Dmitrievich (Joel) Engel was born on April 28, 1868 in Berdyansk. There he graduated from the Russian gymnasium, in 1886-1890 he studied at the Faculty of Law of Kharkov University and received a law degree. Ioel inherited from his father, an amateur guitarist, an interest in music, including Jewish, took a course at the Kharkov Musical College in...

Maykapar Samuil Moiseevich

pianist and composer. 1867–1938 Samuel Maykapar was born on December 18, 1867 in Kherson. Soon Samuil Maykapar's family moved from Kherson to Taganrog. Here he entered the Taganrog gymnasium. He started playing music at the age of six. In 1885 he moved to St. Petersburg and entered the conservatory, where he studied as a pianist with Beniamino Cesi, Vladimir...

Glier Reinhold Moritzevich

Soviet composer, musical and public figure. 1875_1956 Reinhold Moritsevich Glier (Reingold Ernest Glier) was born on January 11, 1875 in Kyiv. The Gliere family comes from Jews who converted to Lutheranism. Father - Moritz Gliere moved to Kyiv from the German city of Klingenthal. He was a master for the production of brass wind instruments, and in Kyiv he was the owner of a music workshop. ...

Gnessins

Evgenia Fabianovna, married Savina (1870–1940), Maria Fabianovna (1871–1918), Elena Fabianovna (1874–1967), Elizaveta Fabianovna, married Vitachek (1879–1953), Olga Fabianovna, married Aleksandrova (1885 –1963), Mikhail Fabianovich (1883–1957) .. Russian musicians, founders of the music school Sisters and brother were born in Rostov-on-Don in the family of Fabian Osipovich Gnesin, a rabbi. Mother Bella Isaevna Fletzinger-Gnesina, singer, student of the Polish composer S. Moniuszko. Baptized daughters of the Rostov rabbi...

Dunayevsky Isaac Osipovich - Isaac Beru Betsalev Dunayevsky

Soviet composer. 1900-1955 Dunaevsky (Isaac Beru Iosif Betsalev Tsalievich Dunaevsky) was born on January 30, 1900 in the Ukrainian town of Lokhvitsa into a Jewish family of a small bank clerk Tsale-Yosef Simonovich and Rozalia Isaakovna Dunaevsky. The family was musical. Grandfather was a cantor, mother played the piano and sang. From childhood, he showed outstanding musical abilities, from the age of 8 ...

Schnittke Alfred Garrievich

Soviet and Russian composer. 1934-1998 Alfred Schnittke was born on November 24, 1934 in the city of Engels in the Volga German Republic in a mixed Jewish and German family, the son of a Jew and a German. His father, Harry Viktorovich Schnittke, was born in Frankfurt am Main. Mother, Maria Iosifovna Vogel, came from German colonists. The first language of the composer was German, however...

Gusman Israel Borisovich

Russian conductor. 1917–2003 Gusman Izrail Borisovich was born on August 18, 1917 in Nizhny Novgorod in the family of the famous music critic Boris Evseevich Gusman. Soon the Guzman family moved to Moscow. In 1931, Israel Borisovich graduated from the music school named after. Gnesins and entered the military conducting faculty of the Moscow Conservatory. During his studies, he started working...

Gilels Emil Grigorievich

outstanding Soviet pianist. 1916–1985 Emil Gilels was born on October 19, 1916 in Odessa, into a Jewish family. Father, Grigory Gilels, worked at a sugar factory, mother - Esther - was a housewife. Emil began playing the piano at the age of five and a half. Having quickly achieved significant success, Gilels makes his first public appearance in May...

Petrov Nikolay Arnoldovich

Soviet and Russian pianist. 1943–2011 Nikolai Petrov was born on April 14, 1943 in Moscow, into a family of musicians. His father, cellist Arnold Yakovlevich Ferkelman, performed with the piano accompaniment of Dmitry Shostakovich and was friends with the composer; grandfather - opera bass Vasily Rodionovich Petrov, sang at the Bolshoi Theater; uncle - composer Moses ...

Zeitlin Lev Moiseevich

Soviet violinist. 1881–1952 Born March 15, 1881 in Tbilisi. In 1901 he graduated from the St. Petersburg Conservatory in violin class with L.S. Auer, a Russian violinist of Hungarian origin. Auer is the founder of the so-called Russian violin school. Trained over 300 students. In 1918 he emigrated to the USA. Lev Zeitlin gave concerts in Russia after graduating from the conservatory...

Oistrakh David Fedorovich - David Fishelevich Oistrakh

Soviet violinist, violist, conductor. 1908-1974 David Fedorovich (Fishelevich) Oistrakh was born on September 30, 1908 in Odessa in the family of a merchant of the second guild Fishel Davidovich Oistrakh and his wife Beila. From the age of five he studied violin and viola with Pyotr Stolyarsky, first privately, and since 1923 at the Odessa Music and Drama Institute...

Kogan Leonid Borisovich

Soviet violinist. 1924–1982 Leonid Borisovich Kogan was born on November 14, 1924 in Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine), in the family of photographer Boris Semyonovich and Sofia Lvovna Kogan. He studied from 1933 in Moscow, from 1936 - at the Central Music School in the class of A.I. Yampolsky, he also graduated from Moscow in 1948 ...

Elman Mikhail Saulovich

Russian and American violinist. 1891–1967 Misha Elman was born into a musical Jewish family. His grandfather, Yosele Elman, was a famous klezmer violinist (the origins of klezmer are found both in ancient Jewish folklore and in the music of neighboring peoples, especially Moldavian). Grandfather gave his four-year-old grandson the first violin. Father - Saul Iosifovich Elman - was a melamed ...

Milstein Natan Mironovich

Soviet and American violinist. 1904–1992 Nathan Milstein was born on January 13, 1904 in Odessa in a large family far from music. His father, Myron Milstein, worked for a woolen textile company; mother, Maria Blueshtein, was a housewife; the family had seven children. He studied violin at the school of Peter Stolyarsky until 1914, then studied...

Kheifets Yasha - Iosif Ruvimovich Kheifets

one of the greatest violinists of the 20th century. 1901-1987 Yasha (Iosif Ruvimovich) Kheifets was born on February 2, 1901 in the city of Vilnius (Russian Empire) in the family of music teacher Ruvim Elievich Kheifets and Khaya Izrailevna Sharfshtein. Yasha started learning the violin at the age of three from his father and soon became known as a child prodigy. Started at the age of four...

Galich Alexander Arkadievich - Alexander Arkadievich Ginzburg

author and performer of his own songs. 1918–1977 Alexander Arkadyevich Galich (Ginzburg) was born on October 19, 1918 in Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk) into an intelligent Jewish family. Father - Aron Samoilovich Ginzburg, economist; mother - Feiga (Fanny, Faina) Borisovna Veksler, worked at the conservatory. Grandfather, Samuil Ginzburg, was a well-known pediatrician in the city. In 1920, the Galich family...

Kristalinskaya Maya Vladimirovna

Soviet pop singer. 1932-1985 Maya Vladimirovna was born on February 24, 1932 in an intelligent Moscow family. Russian by mother, Jewish by father. While studying at school, she studied in the children's choir of the Folk Song and Dance Ensemble of the Central House of Children of Railway Workers, led by Semyon Osipovich Dunayevsky, brother of Isaac Dunayevsky. Graduation night in June...

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich

one of the greatest poets of the 20th century, winner of the Nobel Prize in 1958. 1890–1960 The future poet was born in Moscow into a creative Jewish family. Father - artist, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts Leonid Osipovich (Isaac Iosifovich) Pasternak, mother - pianist Rosalia Isidorovna Pasternak (nee Kaufman). The family moved to Moscow from Odessa in 1889, within a year...

Antokolsky Pavel Grigorievich

Soviet poet. 1896–1978 Pavel Antokolsky was born on July 1, 1896 in St. Petersburg. His father Grigory Moiseevich worked as an assistant to a barrister, until 1933 he served in Soviet institutions. Mother Olga Pavlovna, who graduated from the Frebel courses, devoted herself entirely to the family. Antokolsky's grandfather was the famous sculptor Mark Antokolsky, the creator of the famous statue of Ivan the Terrible. From childhood, Pavel was fond of ...

Shvarts Evgeny Lvovich

Soviet writer. 1896–1958 Evgeny Lvovich Schwartz was born on October 21, 1896 in Kazan. His father was Lev Borisovich (Vasilyevich) Schwartz, who converted to Orthodoxy, a Jew, his mother was Maria Fedorovna Shelkova from an Orthodox Russian family. Moreover, not only the father of Yevgeny Schwartz was Orthodox, but also his grandfather, who received the name Boris at baptism (according to the successor ...

Babel Isaak Emmanuilovich

Soviet writer. 1894–1940 Isaac Babel was born on July 12, 1984 in Odessa on Moldavanka into a Jewish family of a poor merchant Manya Itskovich Bobel, originally from Bila Tserkva, and Feiga (Fani) Aronovna Bobel. Babel's biography has some gaps. This is mainly due to the fact that the autobiographical notes of the writer himself are largely altered, invented ...

Mandelstam Osip Emilievich

one of the greatest Russian poets of the 20th century. 1891–1938 Osip Mandelstam was born on January 15, 1891 in Warsaw into a Jewish family. Father, Emil Veniaminovich (Emil, Huskl, Khatskel Beniaminovich) Mandelstam, was a glove master, was a merchant of the first guild, which gave him the right to live outside the Pale of Settlement, despite his Jewish origin. Mother Flora...

Tynyanov Yury Nikolaevich - Yury Nasonovich Tynyanov

Soviet writer, literary critic. 1894–1943 Yuri Nikolaevich (Nasonovich) Tynyanov was born on October 18, 1894 in Rezhitsa, Vitebsk province, into a wealthy Jewish family of a doctor Nason Arkadyevich Tynyanov and co-owner of the tannery Sofya Borisovna Tynyanov (nee Sora-Khasi Epshtein). In 1904-1912 he studied at the Pskov Gymnasium, from which he graduated with a silver medal. Then he studied in 1912-1918...

Kassil Lev Abramovich

Soviet writer. 1905–1970 Lev Kassil was born on July 10, 1905 in Pokrovskaya Sloboda (now the city of Engels, Saratov Region) in the family of a doctor Abram Grigoryevich Kassil and a music teacher, then a dentist Anna Iosifovna Perelman. He studied at the gymnasium, which after the revolution was transformed into the Unified Labor School, from which he graduated in 1923. The school published a handwritten ...

Kaverin Veniamin Aleksandrovich - Veniamin Aleksandrovich Zilber

Soviet writer. 1902–1989 Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin (Zilber) was born on April 19, 1902 in the family of Abel Abramovich Zilber, bandmaster of the 96th Omsk Infantry Regiment, and his wife, Khana Girshevna Desson, owner of music stores. On August 14, 1912, according to the results of admission tests, Veniamin Zilber was enrolled in the preparatory class of the Pskov provincial gymnasium, where he studied ...

Ilf Ilya Arnoldovich - Yehiel-Leib Arevich Fainzilberg

Soviet writer and journalist. 1897–1937 Ilya Arnoldovich Ilf (Iekhiel-Leib Aryevich Fainzilberg) was born on October 15, 1897, the third of four sons in the family of a bank clerk Arye Benyaminovich Fainzilberg and his wife Mindl Aronovna in Odessa, where they moved between 1893 and 1895. In 1913 he graduated from a technical school, after which he worked in a drawing...

Kazakevich Emmanuil Genrikhovich

Russian and Jewish Soviet writer. 1913-1962 Kazakevich (among relatives known as Emma Kazakevich) was born on February 24, 1913 in Kremenchug, Poltava province, in the family of a Jewish publicist and literary critic Genekh Kazakevich. In 1930, Emmanuel graduated from the Kharkov Engineering College and the following year he moved with his parents to Birobidzhan, where the Jewish...

Grossman Vasily Semyonovich - Iosif Solomonovich Grossman

Soviet writer and journalist. 1905–1964 Vasily Grossman (Iosif Solomonovich Grossman) was born on December 12, 1905 in Berdichev into an intelligent Jewish family. His father, Solomon Iosifovich Grossman, a chemical engineer by profession, was a graduate of the University of Bern and came from a Bessarabian merchant family. Mother - Ekaterina (Malka) Savelievna Vitis, French teacher - ...

Aliger Margarita Iosifovna - Margarita Iosifovna Zeiliger

Soviet poetess. 1915–1992 Margarita Iosifovna Aliger (Zeiliger) was born on October 7, 1915 in Odessa into a Jewish family. Her parents were employees. Her father dreamed of composing music all his life, but for many years a terrible need forced him to translate technical literature. Therefore, he really wanted at least his daughter to be able to ...

Barto Agniya Lvovna - Gitel Leibovna Volova

Soviet children's poet. 1906–1981 Agnia Lvovna (Gitel Leibovna Volova) was born on February 17, 1906 in Moscow into an educated Jewish family of a veterinarian. According to the testimony of her daughter, Tatyana Andreevna Shcheglyaeva, Agnia was born in 1907. The fact is that when Agnia was 17 years old, in order to receive rations for employees (herring heads), she ...

Dragunsky Viktor Yuzefovich

Soviet writer. 1913–1972 Viktor Dragunsky was born on November 30, 1913 in New York to a family of emigrants from Russia. Soon after that, the parents returned to their homeland and settled in Gomel. Victor started working early to provide for himself, because during the war his father died of typhus. His stepfather I. Voitsekhovich, Red Commissar, ...

Marshak Samuil Yakovlevich

Soviet poet. 1887–1964 Samuil Marshak was born on November 3, 1887 in Voronezh into a Jewish family. His father, Yakov Mironovich, worked as a foreman at a soap factory. Mother, Evgenia Borisovna Gitelson, was a housewife. The surname "Marshak" is an abbreviation meaning "Our teacher Rabbi Aaron Shmuel Kaidanover" and belongs to the descendants of this famous rabbi and Talmudist (1624-1676). Early...

Rybakov Anatoly Naumovich

Soviet, Russian writer. 1911–1998 Anatoly Naumovich Rybakov was born on January 14, 1911 in Chernigov into a Jewish family of engineer Naum Borisovich Aronov and his wife Dina Abramovna Rybakova. From 1919 he lived in Moscow. He studied at the former Khvostovskaya gymnasium. All childhood impressions and memories of Rybakov are connected with the life of a big city in the 1920s. Here, ...

Samoilov David - David Samuilovich Kaufman

Soviet poet, translator. 1920–1990 David Samoilov (David Samuilovich Kaufman) was born on June 1, 1920 in Moscow into a Jewish family. Father - a famous doctor, chief venereologist of the Moscow region Samuil Abramovich Kaufman; mother - Cecilia Izrailevna Kaufman. In 1938, David Samoilov graduated from high school and entered the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, History and Literature (MIFLI) - ...

Levitansky Yuri Davidovich

poet and translator. 1922-1996 Yuri Davidovich Levitansky was born on January 22, 1922 in the city of Kozelets (Chernihiv region, Ukrainian SSR) into an assimilated Jewish family. They lived in poverty, sometimes in need of the most necessary, especially after one day they were completely robbed, taking out almost everything that was there from the house. Shortly after the birth of Yuri, the family moved ...

Dolmatovsky Evgeny Aronovich

Soviet poet. 1915–1994 Evgeny Dolmatovsky was born on May 5, 1915 in Moscow into the family of a lawyer, member of the Bar Association, Associate Professor of the Moscow Law Institute Aron Moiseevich Dolmatovsky. During the years of study at the Pedagogical College, he began to publish in the pioneer press. In 1932-1934 he worked on the construction of the Moscow metro. In 1937 he graduated from the Literary Institute. March 28, 1938 was...

Brodsky Joseph Alexandrovich

Russian and American poet, Nobel Prize winner in 1987. 1940–1996 Joseph Brodsky was born on May 24, 1940 in Leningrad into a Jewish family. Father, Alexander Ivanovich Brodsky, was a military photojournalist, returned from the war in 1948 and went to work in the photographic laboratory of the Naval Museum. After that, he worked as a photographer and journalist in several...

Eisenstein Sergei Mikhailovich

Soviet theater and film director. 1898–1948 Sergei Eisenstein was born in Riga (Russian Empire) on January 22, 1898 into a wealthy family of city architect Mikhail Osipovich Eisenstein. His father, Mikhail Osipovich Eisenstein, was a Riga city architect and rose to the rank of titular councillor. Mikhail Eisenstein died in Berlin, but was buried in a Russian cemetery. ...

Room Abram Matveevich

Soviet filmmaker. 1894–1976 Born June 28, 1894 in Vilna (Russian Empire). In 1914-1917 he studied at the Petrograd Psycho-Neurological Institute, in 1917-1922 - at the Medical Faculty of Saratov University. In parallel with his studies, he worked as a teacher in the Saratov Department of Arts, was the rector of the Saratov Higher State Workshops, and a director at the Demonstration and Children's Theaters. Leading the theater...

Romm Mikhail Ilyich

Soviet filmmaker. 1901-1971 Romm was born on January 24, 1901 into a family of Jewish Social Democrats in Irkutsk, where his father, a doctor by profession, was exiled for participating in revolutionary activities. Mother came from a family of intellectuals. She passionately loved the theater and passed on her love of art to her children. From the age of nine he grew up in Moscow. Graduated from high school...

Mikhoels Solomon Mikhailovich - Solomon Mikhoels Vovsi

Soviet Jewish theater actor and director. 1890–1948 Solomon Mikhoels (Vovsi) was born on March 16, 1890 in Dinaburg (now Daugavpils, Latvia), into a patriarchal Jewish family. He received a traditional Jewish primary education in a cheder. According to the actor himself, he “only at the age of thirteen began to study systematically the secular sciences and the Russian language.” Then in...

Chukhrai Grigory Naumovich

Soviet filmmaker. 1921–2001 Born on May 23, 1921 in Melitopol. Father, Rubanov Naum Zinovievich, was a military man. In 1924, Grigory's parents separated and he stayed with his mother. He was raised by his stepfather, Pavel Antonovich Litvinenko, who worked as the chairman of the collective farm. In 1935, my stepfather was sent to study at the All-Union Academy of Socialist Agriculture in Moscow, ...

Schweitzer Mikhail Abramovich - Moses Abramovich Schweitzer

Soviet filmmaker. 1920–2000 Mikhail (Moses) Abramovich Schweitzer was born on February 16, 1920 in Perm. In the spring of 1925 the family moved to Moscow. He graduated from the directing department of VGIK in 1943. He studied in the workshop of Eisenstein. “I am a student of Eisenstein,” Schweitzer liked to say. – I really remember many of his precepts…” His appearance in the cinema fell on the period…

Sats Natalia Ilyinichna

founder and director of six children's theaters. 1903–1993 Natalia Sats was born on August 27, 1903 in Irkutsk in the family of composer Ilya Aleksandrovich Sats and opera singer Anna Mikhailovna Shchastnaya. Ilya Sats, Natalia's father, was born in the town of Chernobyl into a Jewish family. His father, Alexander Mironovich Sats, was a barrister. Ilya grew up in Chernihiv, ...

Soviet pop artist. 1895–1982 Leonid Osipovich Utesov (Lazar (Leizer) Iosifovich Vaisbein) was born on March 21, 1895 in Odessa into a large Jewish family of a small businessman Osip (Joseph) Kalmanovich Vaisbein and Malka Moiseevna. Leonid studied in Odessa at a commercial school, from where he was expelled in 1909 for poor academic performance and low discipline. After a short...

Urbansky Evgeny Yakovlevich

Soviet theater and film actor. 1932–1965 Evgeny Urbansky was born on February 27, 1932 in Moscow. Father, Yakov Samoilovich, a senior Komsomol and party worker, at that time held the post of second secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan. In 1938 he was repressed and served time in a camp near Vorkuta. Mother, Polina Filippovna, with two sons ...

Prudkin Mark Isaakovich

Soviet and Russian theater and film actor. 1898-1994 Mark Isaakovich Prudkin was born on September 13, 1898 in the city of Klin in the family of the tailor Isaak Lvovich Prudkin and Rakhil Lazarevna Prudkina. Mark graduated from the Klin real school. There he participated in amateur performances. From 1918 to 1924 he studied at the 2nd Studio of the Moscow Art Theater (in parallel...

Ranevskaya Faina Georgievna

Soviet theater and film actress. 1896–1984 Faina Georgievna (Grigorievna) Ranevskaya (Faina Girshevna Feldman) was born on August 27, 1896 in Taganrog into a wealthy Jewish family. Father, Feldman Girshi Khaimovich, was the owner of a dry paint factory, several houses, a shop and the St. Nicholas steamer. Mom - Feldman Milka Rafailovna Zagovailova. In addition to her, the family already ...

Plyatt Rostislav Yanovich

Soviet theater and film actor. 1908–1989 Rostislav Plyatt was born in Rostov-on-Don on December 13, 1908. Father - a well-known Rostov lawyer Ivan Iosifovich Plyat, a Jew by nationality. The pseudonym Rostislav came up with himself, adding one letter to the surname and slightly changing the patronymic. Mother - Zinaida Pavlovna Zakamennaya - Ukrainian, originally from Poltava. In 1916...

Gerdt Zinoviy Efimovich - Zalman Afroimovich Efraimovich Khrapinovich

Soviet and Russian theater and film actor. 1916–1996 Zinovy ​​Gerdt (Zalman Afroimovich (Efraimovich) Khrapinovich) was born on September 21, 1916 into a poor Jewish family in the Pskov region. At the age of 15 he graduated from the Kuibyshev Moscow Electric Plant and worked as an electrician on the construction of the Moscow metro. At the plant there was a Theater of Working Youth (TRAM), in which the actor ...

Kozakov Mikhail Mikhailovich

Soviet, Russian and Israeli director, theater and film actor. 1934–2011 Mikhail Mikhailovich Kozakov was born on October 14, 1934 in Leningrad into a Jewish family of writer Mikhail Emmanuilovich Kozakov and editor of the Writers' Publishing House in Leningrad Zoya Alexandrovna Nikitina (née Gatskevich). She was arrested twice - in 1937 and in 1948. In the Kozakovs' apartment...

Shklovsky Viktor Borisovich

Soviet film critic and screenwriter. 1893-1984 Viktor Shklovsky was born on January 24, 1893 in St. Petersburg in the family of a mathematics teacher of Jewish origin, later professor of the Higher Artillery Courses Boris Vladimirovich Shklovsky and his wife Varvara Karlovna, nee Bundel, of Russian-German origin. The elder brother of Viktor Shklovsky, Vladimir Shklovsky, was a member of the Council of Orthodox Brotherhoods in 1919-1922...

Emelyan Mikhailovich Yaroslavsky (real name and surname Miney Izrailevich Gubelman) - Russian Jewish revolutionary, Soviet party leader, ideologist and leader of anti-religious policy in the USSR. Chairman of the Union of Militant Atheists. In July 1917, Emelyan Yaroslavsky returned to Moscow, created the military organization of the party, was one of the leaders of the Bolshevik ...