Dante alighieri interesting facts. dante alighieri dante alighieri facts of life
Years of life: from 01/01/1265 to 09/14/1321
Italian poet and politician, one of the founders of the literary Italian language. Known as the creator of the Divine Comedy, in which a synthesis of late medieval culture was given.
Durante degli Alighieri (this is the full name of the poet) was born in Florence. The exact date of birth is unknown, there are disagreements even regarding the month: May or June 1265. Little is also known about the early years of the poet's life and family, and mainly from the writings of Dante himself. According to family tradition, Dante's ancestors came from the Roman family of the Elisei, who participated in the founding of Florence. At the age of 9, Dante first meets 8-year-old Beatrice Portinari, who became his lover and inspiration for life. This meeting is his first autobiographical memory. The second time Dante met his Beatrice after 9 years and she was already married. In 1890, Beatrice died, remaining in the memory 
descendants only thanks to Dante's poems.
In 1292, Dante marries Gemma Donati. Giovanni Boccaccio (Dante's first biographer) considered this marriage to be purely political. One way or another, but Gemma is never mentioned in the works of the poet, and most of the life of the couple lived separately (Dante in exile, and Gemma in Florence). When exactly Dante began to write poetry is not known for certain, but the creation of the poem "New Life" dates back to 1292, which included only a part of his poems written by that time. At the end of the 13th century, Florence was embroiled in a long conflict between the Emperor and the Pope. Dante joined the party of opponents of papal power, the so-called "White Guelphs" and played an important role in it. At first, luck was on the side of the poet's associates, they managed to defeat their opponents, and in 1300 Dante was elected a member of the ruling council of priors. However, this situation did not last long, already in 1301 the power in the city passed to the supporters of the Pope. Dante, who was away at the time, learned that he, among others, had been sentenced to death in absentia and decided not to return to his hometown.
For the rest of his life, Dante wandered around different cities, he found shelter in Verona, Ravenna, Bologna, and was even in Paris. There is little actual information about these years (as well as about the whole life of the poet). The timing of the creation of Dante's works can also be determined only approximately. In 1304-1307, he begins two large works: philosophical treatises "Feast" 
and "On popular eloquence". Both works remained unfinished, perhaps this is due to the fact that Dante's attention switched to the creation of his main work, which immortalized the name of the author - The Divine Comedy. The book was written over 15 years from 1306 to 1321, Dante finished it shortly before his death. In 1310, Dante supported the German Emperor Henry VII, who was also declared King of Italy by Pope Clement. However, Henry failed to assert his power; in 1313 he died suddenly. In 1321, returning from Venice to Ravenna, Dante fell ill with malaria and on the night of September 13-14, the poet died. 
Initially, Dante called his main work simply “Comedy”. This name corresponded to the medieval tradition of naming poetic works. The epithet "divine" was added to the name by Giovanni Boccaccio.
The Divine Comedy is full of allegories and without their analysis much of the meaning is lost. Also, the poem has a well-thought-out structure: the number of songs in each part (and in the work as a whole), the number of lines in each song, the choice of terzan as a measure - all this matters.
The portrait of Dante by Raphael, placed in the title of the biography, is considered "canonical" - it is this image that is present on the 2 euro coin. This portrait was painted by Raphael 200 years after Dante's death, based on the description of Giovanni Boccaccio. Boccaccio himself was 8 years old in the year of Dante's death, and most likely his verbal portrait was recorded from the words of other people. In 1921, the grave of Dante in Ravenna was opened, and scientists took measurements of the bones of the poet's skull. Based on these measurements, the alleged appearance of Dante was reconstructed in 2007 (given above).
In 2010, Visceral Games released a computer game based on the Divine Comedy -
DANTE Alighieri (Dante Alighieri) (1265-1321), Italian poet, creator of the Italian literary language. In his youth, he joined the school "Dolce style Nuovo" (sonnets in praise of Beatrice, the autobiographical story "New Life", 1292-93, edition 1576); philosophical and political treatises ("Feast", not finished; "On the People's Speech", 1304-07, edition 1529), "Messages" (1304-16). The pinnacle of Dante's work is the poem "The Divine Comedy" (1307-21, edition 1472) in 3 parts ("Hell", "Purgatory", "Paradise") and 100 songs, a poetic encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. He had a great influence on the development of European culture.
DANTE Alighieri(May or June 1265, Florence - September 14, 1321, Ravenna), Italian poet, one of the greatest geniuses of world literature.
Biography
The Dante family belonged to the urban nobility of Florence. The family name Alighieri (in a different voicing of Alagieri) was the first to be worn by the poet's grandfather. Dante was educated at a municipal school, then, presumably, studied at the University of Bologna (according to even less reliable information, he also attended the University of Paris during his exile). He took an active part in the political life of Florence; from June 15 to August 15, 1300, he was a member of the government (he was elected to the post of prior), trying, while acting, to prevent the aggravation of the struggle between the parties of the White and Black Guelphs (see Guelphs and Ghibellines). After an armed coup in Florence and the coming to power of the Black Guelphs, on January 27, 1302, he was sentenced to exile and deprived of civil rights; On March 10, he was sentenced to death for failing to pay a fine. The first years of Dante's exile - among the leaders of the White Guelphs, takes part in the armed and diplomatic struggle with the winning party. The last episode in his political biography is connected with the Italian campaign of Emperor Henry VII (1310-13), whose efforts to establish civil peace in Italy he gave ideological support in a number of public messages and in the treatise "Monarchy". Dante never returned to Florence, spent several years in Verona at the court of Can Grande della Scala, the last years of his life enjoyed the hospitality of the ruler of Ravenna, Guido da Polenta. Died of malaria.
Lyrics
The main part of Dante's lyrical poems was created in the 80-90s. 13th century; with the beginning of the new century, small poetic forms gradually disappear from his work. Dante began by imitating the most influential lyric poet in Italy at that time, Gwittone d'Arezzo, but soon changed poetics and, together with his older friend Guido Cavalcanti, became the founder of a special poetic school, which Dante himself called the school of the "sweet new style" ("Dolce style nuovo" ). Its main distinguishing feature is the ultimate spiritualization of love feeling. Poems dedicated to his beloved Beatrice Portinari, Dante, having provided biographical and poetic comments, collected in a book called "New Life" (c. 1293-95). Actually, the biographical canvas is extremely stingy : two meetings, the first in childhood, the second in adolescence, denoting the beginning of love, the death of Beatrice's father, the death of Beatrice herself, the temptation of a new love and overcoming it.The biography appears as a series of mental states leading to an ever more complete mastery of the meaning of the hero of feeling that has befallen: in as a result, the feeling of love acquires the features and signs of religious worship.
In addition to the "New Life", about fifty more poems by Dante have come down to us: poems in the manner of the "sweet new style" (but not always addressed to Beatrice); the love cycle, known as the "stone" (after the name of the addressee, Donna Pietra) and characterized by an excess of sensuality; comic poetry (poetic squabble with Forese Donati and the poem "Flower", the attribution of which remains doubtful); a group of doctrinal poems (dedicated to the themes of nobility, generosity, justice, etc.).
Treatises
Poems of philosophical content became the subject of commentary in the unfinished treatise "Feast" (c. 1304-07), which is one of the first attempts in Italy to create scientific prose in the vernacular and at the same time the rationale for this attempt - a kind of educational program along with the protection of the vernacular. language. In the unfinished Latin treatise "On Popular Eloquence", written in the same years, the apology of the Italian language is accompanied by the theory and history of literature in it - both of which are absolute innovations. In the Latin treatise "Monarchy" (c. 1312-13), Dante (also for the first time) proclaims the principle of separation of spiritual and secular power and insists on the full sovereignty of the latter.
"The Divine Comedy"
Over the poem "The Divine Comedy" Dante began to work during the years of exile and finished it shortly before his death. Written in tercini, containing 14,233 verses, it is divided into three parts (or canticles) and one hundred cantos (each canticle contains thirty-three songs, and one more is introductory to the entire poem). It was called a comedy by the author, who proceeded from the classification of genres worked out by medieval poetics. The definition of "divine" was given to her by her descendants. The poem tells about Dante's journey through the realm of the dead: the right to see the afterlife during his lifetime is a special favor that saves him from philosophical and moral delusions and imposes on him a certain high mission. Dante, lost in the "gloomy forest" (which symbolizes a specific, although not directly named sin of the author himself, and at the same time - the sins of all mankind, experiencing a critical moment in its history), comes to the aid of the Roman poet Virgil (who symbolizes the human mind, unfamiliar with divine revelation) and leads him through the first two kingdoms beyond the grave - the kingdom of retribution and the kingdom of redemption. Hell is a funnel-shaped failure ending in the center of the earth, it is divided into nine circles, in each of which an execution is performed on a special category of sinners (only the inhabitants of the first circle - the souls of unbaptized babies and righteous pagans - are spared from torment). Among the souls that Dante met and entered into a conversation with him, there are those who are personally familiar to him and there are known to everyone - characters of ancient history and myths, or heroes of our time. In The Divine Comedy they are not turned into direct and flat illustrations of their sins; the evil for which they are condemned is difficult to combine with their human essence, sometimes not devoid of nobility and greatness of spirit (among the most famous episodes of this kind are meetings with Paolo and Francesca in the circle of voluptuaries, with Farinata degli Uberti in the circle of heretics, with Brunetto Latini in circle of rapists, with Ulysses in the circle of deceivers, with Ugolino in the circle of traitors). Purgatory is a huge mountain in the center of the uninhabited ocean-occupied southern hemisphere, it is divided by ledges into seven circles, where the souls of the dead atone for the sins of pride, envy, anger, despondency, avarice and extravagance, gluttony, voluptuousness. After each of the circles, one of the seven signs of sin inscribed by the gatekeeper angel is erased from the forehead of Dante (and any of the souls of purgatory) - in this part of the "Comedy" it is sharper than in others, it is felt that Dante's path for him is not only acquainting but also redemptive. On a mountaintop, in an earthly paradise, Dante meets Beatrice (symbolizing divine revelation) and parted ways with Virgil; here, Dante is fully aware of his personal guilt and is completely cleared of it. Together with Beatrice, he ascends to paradise, in each of the eight heavens surrounding the earth (in seven planetary and in the eighth starry) he gets acquainted with a certain category of blessed souls and becomes stronger in faith and knowledge. In the ninth heaven of the Prime Mover, and in the Empyrean, where Beatrice replaces St. Bernard, he is honored with initiation into the mysteries of the Trinity and the Incarnation. Both plans of the poem finally merge, in one of which the path of a person to truth and goodness through the abyss of sin, despair and doubt is presented, in the other - the path of history, which has come to the last frontier and opens towards a new era. And the Divine Comedy itself, being a kind of synthesis of medieval culture, turns out to be the final work for it.
Dante Alighieri interesting facts from the life of the Italian poet and writer are presented in this article.
Dante Alighieri interesting facts
The Dante family belonged to the urban nobility of Florence.
With his beloved Beatrice, Dante spoke only twice in his life - at 9 and 18 years old. When they met for the second time, she was married. Dante loved her all his life and devoted many poems to her.
Dante himself entered into one of those politically calculated business marriages that were accepted at that time. His wife was Gemma Donati, daughter of a wealthy man, Manetto Donati. When Dante Alighieri was expelled from Florence, Gemma remained in the city with her children, preserving the remnants of her father's property. Alighieri does not mention his wife in any of his works, but Dante and Beatrice have become the same symbol of a love couple, like Petrarch and Laura, Tristan and Isolde, Romeo and Juliet.
Dante worked on The Divine Comedy for 15 years.
During the Middle Ages, Latin was used as the standard language for the creation of literary works. But Dante took a chance and wrote The Divine Comedy in the Tuscan dialect.
Thanks to the Divine Comedy, it is Dante's native Tuscan dialect that to this day serves as the basis of the literary Italian language.
In 1300, Dante was elected to the post of prior, but later he became embroiled in a political conflict between the White and Black Guelph parties, and, together with his White party, was expelled from Florence. In a city filled with political unrest, and although he held various positions over the years as a politician, he was not very successful.
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Dante Alighieri (1265-1321). Biography in dates and facts
Dante Alighieri (1265-1321). Biography in dates and facts
Dante Alighieri- the legendary Italian poet and thinker, the author of the famous poem "", included in the first row of the "golden fund" of world literature. In the history of national culture, Dante also played the role of the founder of the Italian literary language.
1265
AT
1274
There is reason to believe that Dante studied at the University of Bologna, where he practiced versification and communicated with recognized poets of his time, and later became addicted to philosophy, willingly attending debates on theological topics. It is known that he married a girl from a wealthy Florentine family, Gemma Donati, who bore him four children.
1295
1301
Between
1304 and 1307
1307
Approximately
1312-1313
AT
1311
1315
Dante Alighieri (1265-1321). biography in dates and facts
Dante Alighieri- the legendary Italian poet and thinker, the author of the famous poem "The Divine Comedy", included in the first row of the "golden fund" of world literature. In the history of national culture, Dante also played the role of the founder of the Italian literary language.
Dante's life in dates and facts:
1265- was born in Florence in a family belonging to the urban nobility.
AT
1274 Dante, according to his own testimony, first saw Beatrice, who became the love of his life. To the beautiful Beatrice, who passed away early, he dedicated a separate cycle of poems, dated by scientists around 1283-1292. By 1292, his lyrical confession "New Life", which included poetic works dedicated to Beatrice, dates back.
There is reason to believe that Dante studied at the University of Bologna, where he practiced versification and communicated with recognized poets of his time, and later became addicted to philosophy, willingly attending lectures and debates on theological topics. It is known that he married a girl from a wealthy Florentine family, Gemma Donati, who bore him four children.
1295- the beginning of the socio-political activities of Dante. Subsequently, he held various positions in the city self-government system (including the prior, one of the main elected persons), was a member of city councils, and also participated in the political struggle.
1301- due to political repression, the poet was expelled from Florence with a warning that if he returned, he would be burned at the stake. From that time began a period of wandering, which lasted until the end of his life. For some time Dante lived in Verona, then, presumably, in Bologna; probably made a trip to Paris, stayed for two years in Pisa, and spent the rest of his life in Ravenna.
Between
1304 and 1307- wrote the philosophical essay "Feast" (remained unfinished) and the philological treatise "On the Folk Language".
1307- began working on the poem "The Divine Comedy", which he completed shortly before his death.
Approximately
1312-1313- wrote a political treatise "On the Monarchy".
AT
1311 the political situation in Florence changed, and the city authorities took the initiative to pardon the exiles: the former convicts were granted the right to return to their homeland, subject to bail. Contrary to the advice of his Florentine friends, the poet refused to return to his homeland in a humiliating way, "belittling Dante's glory and honor." He did the same with the second proposal made to him in
1315 Then the signoria outlawed Dante and sentenced him in absentia along with his sons to beheading.