Water pumping station pressure switch. How to properly configure a pressure switch for a water supply with a submersible pump. Preparing the storage tank of the pumping station

To automate the water supply using a pump, a special relay is used, which is powered by electricity. It is mounted in close proximity to the expansion tank. Correct adjustment The relay allows you to reduce the number of on and off cycles, thereby extending the operational life of the equipment.

Main device with additional elements

By its design, the device is a small block containing special springs. One of them is configured to maximum pressure, and the other – to the minimum. Their adjustment can be carried out using special nuts located on top.

A membrane is attached directly to the springs, reacting to changes in pressure in a certain way. At the minimum value, the metal spiral is stretched, and at the maximum, compression occurs. Thus, the contacts close and open.

The operating procedure of the device is approximately as follows.

• On initial stage water is wasted from, which leads to a decrease in pressure in the circuit. When it drops to the lower threshold, the pump turns on.
• Water is pumped into the main tank until it is filled to a certain level. As a result, the pressure increases. Once it reaches the upper threshold, the supply equipment is turned off.

Note! To find out the pressure in the membrane tank, you should unscrew the cap with the nipple, and then attach a special measuring device to it - a pressure gauge.

Prices for some models

In fact, you can buy a water pressure switch for a pump for a relatively small amount of money. The table shows prices for popular models famous manufacturers.

Image	Manufacturer and model	Price in rubles
	Belamos PS-02	540
	Caliber RD-5	490
	Danfoss KP1	1 570
	Gilex RDM-5	900

As for the prices for electronic water pressure switches for pumps, they are approximately 2-3 times higher than for mechanical analogues. Such devices make it possible to more accurately adjust the operating range. In addition, they protect shut-off valves from possible water hammer.

Installation and adjustment of a water pressure switch for a pump

If you install and adjust the water pressure switch for the pump yourself, you will not have to spend financial resources directly on hiring professionals. The process of connecting and setting up the device is not difficult.

Related article:

If the water pressure is normal or even strong, then you simply need this device. You will find out why in our separate review.

Consideration of the connection diagram for the water pressure switch for the pump

The finished device is connected to the electrical and plumbing systems permanently, since there is no need to move it. For connection, a dedicated electricity line is not at all necessary, but is still desirable. It is recommended to connect from the shield copper cable cross section from 2.5 sq. mm.

The circuit must be present, since the combination of electricity and water is quite dangerous. The cables are inserted into special holes located on the back of the case. Under the cover there is a special block with contacts:

• terminals for connecting the phase and neutral wire;
• grounding contacts;
• terminals for wires leading from the pump.

Note! Connection is carried out via standard scheme. A certain part of the insulation is removed from the conductive elements, after which the stripped edges are fixed with clamping bolts.

Setting up the pump station pressure switch yourself

To set up the system, you need a reliable pressure gauge that allows you to accurately measure pressure. According to his indications, adjustments are made. The whole process comes down to tightening the springs. When turned clockwise, the pressure increases and vice versa.

The sequence of steps for setting up is approximately this:

• The system is started, after which the thresholds at which the device turns on and off are monitored using a pressure gauge;
• Using a suitable wrench a large spring responsible for the lower threshold is released or pressed.
• The system is turned on and the set parameters are checked. If necessary, adjustments are made.
• After setting the lower pressure level, the upper limit is adjusted. To do this, perform the same manipulations with a small spring.
• Final testing of the system is carried out. If the results are satisfactory, then the setup process can be considered complete.

Note! When adjusting the water pressure switch for the pump, remember that minimum range between the upper and lower thresholds should be more than 1 atmosphere.

About idle protection

In some cases, water may not pass through the pump, but it will continue to work. This mode of operation of the device is extremely undesirable, as it significantly reduces the service life. However, this only applies to devices with wet rotor, where water acts as a cooling and lubricating fluid.

To avoid equipment failure, it is necessary to install a relay that protects against dry operation. The contacts should open when there is no water and turn off the device. The engine of the device can only be started if there is a sufficient amount of water.

If water consumption from a well or well exceeds its supply, then idle move can't be avoided. In this regard, installing a water pressure switch will help to cope with this situation.

Idle detection can be calculated using one of several values:

• pressure at the outlet pipe;
• water level;
• fluid flow through the device.

Helpful information! Protecting the device from idle operation in water supply systems country houses necessary. Most often it is used in conjunction with other automation devices.

Need to know

When setting high pressure, the suction equipment is turned on much more often, which leads to accelerated wear of the main parts. However, this pressure allows you to use even a shower cabin with hydromassage without any difficulties.

At low pressure, the device supplying liquid from a well or borehole wears out less, but in this case you will have to be content with an ordinary bath. It is unlikely that you will be able to appreciate all the delights of a jacuzzi and other devices that require fairly strong pressure.

Thus, the choice must be made depending on the goals being pursued. Everyone decides for themselves what to prefer in a particular case.

Summarizing

After installing and configuring the pressure switch pumping station You will still have to periodically monitor the system and adjust its operation. Experts recommend once a quarter to completely drain the water from the expansion tank and test the pressure. Correct operation equipment will allow you to avoid unnecessary costs for carrying out repair work and purchase of worn parts.

How to connect a pressure switch to a pump (video)

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Pumping station for a private house: water supply, types and installation features Water check valve for pump: types and features

The pressure switch is one of the key control elements of the pumping station, which provides automatic switching on and off, and controls the supply of water to the tank according to preset settings. There are no recommendations regarding the limit values ​​for upper and lower pressure. Manufacturers often supply their products configured for certain parameters. Most often it is 1.8 bar to turn on and about 3 bar to turn off. But during operation, additional adjustments are often required, and therefore each user is forced to independently adjust the pressure switch of the pumping station according to the data specified in the instructions.

Design and operating principle of a pressure switch

The relay is a small block with maximum and minimum pressure springs. Its adjustment is made using the same springs that respond to changes in pressure force. Having reached minimum indicators, the spring weakens, and at maximum, it compresses even more. Thus, it causes the relay contacts to open, and accordingly turns the pumping station on and off.

If there is water in the water supply, the relay allows you to create a constant pressure in the system and the required pressure. Thanks to correct setting provided automatic operation pump, which allows you to significantly extend its service life.

But before moving on to the setup, let's go over the design and operating principle of the pumping station.

It includes the following components:

• an electric pump that draws water from an external source. It can be submersible, permanently under water or external;
• check valve, preventing water from leaving;
• pressure switch;
• water storage tank;
• piping system, which consists of various auxiliary components such as filters, pipes, etc.

As for the principle of operation, there is nothing complicated about this device. Inside the reservoir or tank there is a pear-shaped balloon made of modified food-grade rubber, and air is pumped between it and the walls of the container. The pump fills the bulb with water, causing it to expand and compress the outer air gap, which begins to put pressure on the wall. By adjusting the relay, the owner of the pumping station can set the tank filling limit and the moment it turns off. All this is controlled by a pressure gauge.

To prevent water from going back into the well or into the system, in the pump spring-loaded valve included. You just need to open it and the water that has collected in the “pear” will flow through the system. The pressure will drop as water is consumed and after it drops below the threshold set in the relay, the pumping station will automatically turn on and fill the tank with water.

The relay is connected between the outlet of the tank and the check valve on the pipeline. To save money, all splitters are usually assembled from separate components, but in reality it is easier to buy a five-way fitting, which has threads for all parts, including a pressure gauge. In this case, it is extremely important not to confuse the inlets for the check valve and the fitting, since setting up the pump will be impossible in this case. But the use of standard spare parts allows us to reduce such errors to a minimum.

How does the relay work?

For pumping stations intended for home use Pressure switch RM-5 or its analogues are often used. It is worth considering that device can be changed, and therefore the description given in this article will be only approximate and if problems arise, you will have to look for their cause either in the attached instructions or in information on the World Wide Web.

Each relay model RM-5 has a metal movable plate. Two springs exert pressure on it from opposite sides. In addition, a “pear” filled with water also presses on it. By rotating the clamping nut on the corresponding spring, you can reduce or increase the response limits. Springs prevent water from displacing the spring, that is, the relay mechanism is designed in such a way that when displacement occurs, the groups are closed electrical contacts.

But to make it easier to understand, let’s describe the detailed algorithm of operation:

• The pumping station pumps water into the reservoir. The engine is turned on by closing the contacts in the relay;
• the amount of water in the tank increases and when a certain value of the upper pressure is reached, the mechanism is activated and the electrical circuit is broken, after which the pump turns off. A check valve prevents water leakage;
• as water is consumed, the “pear” is emptied, in the system the pressure drops and the relay turns on again, closing the contacts.

Setting up the pressure switch

If you are not satisfied with the factory presets of the pressure switch, then you can configure it yourself. All you need for this is a screwdriver and a wrench to adjust the nuts.

It is worth understanding that setting up the relay is a very important and responsible process, since it determines how correctly the limit response levels will be set, how convenient it will be to operate the pumping station and the time frame for trouble-free operation of both it and its individual components.

The first step is to check the pressure in the reservoir tank. Most often it comes from the factory with a switch-on level of 1.5 bar and a switch-off level of 2.5 bar. You need to check the pressure when the tank is empty and the pumping station is disconnected from the network. To check you should use a car mechanical pressure gauge, since its body is made of metal, and therefore the accuracy of the reading will be more reliable, which cannot be said about electric or plastic ones. The fact is that their readings can be seriously affected by the air temperature in the room or the battery charge level. It is also recommended that the scale limit of the pressure gauge be as small as possible, since on a scale of 50 atmospheres it will be difficult to measure 1 atmosphere.

To check the pressure in the reservoir, open the cap that covers the spool and connect the pressure gauge. In the future, this procedure should be carried out at least once a month. There should be no water in the tank at this moment, and the pumping station should be disconnected from the 220V network.

Having selected the required operating mode, you should fix it by removing excess air or, conversely, pumping it in additionally. It should not be forgotten that Under no circumstances should the pressure be reduced to less than one atmosphere and, accordingly, pump. If there is little air in the tank, then the rubber “bulb” with water will touch the walls of the tank, and a large number of will not allow you to pump in a lot of water, since a significant volume of the tank takes in air.

How to correctly set the pump on and off pressure levels?

As mentioned above, pumping stations supplied ready for operation have a relay already configured according to the most optimal parameters. But, if she gathers from individual elements in place, then It is necessary to adjust the relay, since it is necessary to ensure a normal relationship between the tank volume and the pump power. There is also a need to change the initial setting. Therefore, in these cases, the procedure should be as follows:

Typically, the pump is selected with parameters that do not allow the tank to be pumped to the extreme limit. And the pressure that should turn it off is set a couple of atmospheres higher than the switch-on threshold.

It is also allowed to set pressure limits that differ from the values ​​recommended by the relay manufacturer, which allows you to create your own version of the mode operation of the pumping station. When adjusting the pressure with a small nut, it is worth considering that the initial reference point should be the lower level set by the large nut. Rubber hoses and other plumbing fixtures are designed for pressure not higher than that recommended by the manufacturer, which should be taken into account during installation. In addition, excessively strong water pressure is often unnecessary and causes discomfort.

Adjusting the pressure switch

Now let's talk directly about adjusting the relay. The process cannot be called complicated, but some points will have to get used to. In our example, it is necessary to set the upper threshold to 3 atmospheres, and the lower threshold to 1.7 atmospheres. It is regulated like this:

Thus, if you set the pressure to turn off high and turn on low, the reservoir will be filled with more water, which will allow you to use the pump less often. Minor inconvenience may occur if there is a large pressure drop, in cases where the container is full or almost empty. Otherwise, when the pressure range is small, the pump will have to be used more often. But water will flow into the system evenly and thus a stable and comfortable pressure will be ensured.

It is possible to repair the pumping station relay, but keep in mind that this is only a temporary measure. Because the this element protects the pump itself from overloads, and the membrane inside the tank from damage. Taking this into account, it would be better to immediately purchase a new relay. Therefore, the only exception will be routine maintenance, namely lubrication of rubbing parts to reduce resistance and maximize precision operation.

To do in a small private house autonomous system water supply, a conventional pump, well or surface, with suitable performance characteristics will be sufficient. But for a house in which more than 4 people live, or for a 2-3-story dwelling, you will need to install a pumping station. This equipment already has factory pressure settings, but sometimes they need to be adjusted. When adjustment of the pumping station is required, and how to do it, will be described below.

In order to correctly adjust this pumping equipment, you must have at least a minimal understanding of how it works and on what principle it works. The main purpose of pumping stations consisting of several modules is to provide drinking water all water intake points in the house. Also, these units are capable of automatically increasing and maintaining the pressure in the system at the required level.

Below is a diagram of a pumping station with a hydraulic accumulator.

The pumping station includes the following elements (see figure above).

1. Hydraulic accumulator. It is made in the form of a sealed tank, inside of which there is an elastic membrane. Some containers have a rubber bulb installed instead of a membrane. Thanks to the membrane (bulb), the hydraulic tank is divided into 2 compartments: for air and for water. The latter is pumped into a bulb or into a part of the tank intended for liquid. The hydraulic accumulator is connected in the section between the pump and the pipe leading to the water intake points.
2. Pump. Can be surface or borehole. The pump type must be either centrifugal or vortex. The vibration pump cannot be used for the station.
3. Pressure switch. The pressure sensor automates the entire process in which water is supplied from the well to the expansion tank. The relay is responsible for turning the pump motor on and off when the required compression force is reached in the tank.
4. Check valve. Prevents fluid from leaking out of the hydraulic accumulator when the pump is turned off.
5. Power supply. To connect equipment to electrical network, it requires a separate wiring with a cross-section corresponding to the power of the unit. also in electrical circuit a protection system in the form of automatic machines must be installed.

This equipment works according to the following principle. After opening the tap at the water intake point, water from the accumulator begins to flow into the system. At the same time, compression decreases in the tank. When the compression force decreases to the value set on the sensor, its contacts close and the pump motor begins to operate. After stopping water consumption at the water intake point, or when the compression force in the accumulator increases to required level, the relay is activated to turn off the pump.

Design and principle of operation of a pressure switch

The design of the pumping station pressure switch is not complicated. The relay design includes the following elements.

1. Housing (see picture below).

1. Flange for connecting the module to the system.
2. A nut designed to adjust the shutdown of the device.
3. A nut that regulates the compression force in the tank at which the unit will turn on.
4. Terminals to which the wires coming from the pump are connected.
5. Place for connecting wires from the electrical network.
6. Ground terminals.
7. Couplings for securing electrical cables.

There is a metal cover on the bottom of the relay. If you open it you can see membrane and piston.

Operating principle of a pressure switch next. When the compression force in the hydraulic tank chamber intended for air increases, the relay membrane bends and acts on the piston. It starts to move and activates the relay contact group. The contact group, which has 2 hinges, depending on the position of the piston, either closes or opens the contacts through which the pump is powered. As a result, when the contacts are closed, the equipment starts, and when they open, the unit stops.

When to adjust the relay

As mentioned above, the relay automates the process of pumping liquid into the water supply system and into the expansion tank. Most often, pumping equipment purchased ready-made already has basic settings relay. But situations arise when urgent adjustment of the pressure of the pumping station is required. You will have to perform these actions in cases where:

• after starting the pump motor, it immediately turns off;
• after the station is turned off, there is a weak pressure in the system;
• when the station is operating, an excessive compression force is created in the hydraulic tank, as evidenced by the readings of the pressure gauge, but the device does not turn off;
• The pressure switch does not work and the pump does not turn on.

Most often, if the unit exhibits the above symptoms, then relay repair is not required. You just need to configure this module correctly.

Preparing the hydraulic tank and adjusting it

Before hydraulic accumulators go on sale, air is pumped into them at the factory at a certain pressure. Air is pumped through a spool mounted on this tank.

On average, the pressure in the pumping station should be as follows: in hydraulic tanks with a volume of up to 150 liters. — 1.5 bar, in expansion tanks from 200 to 500 l. - 2 bar.

At what pressure the air is in the hydraulic tank, you can find out from the label glued to it. In the following figure, the red arrow indicates the line indicating the air pressure in the storage tank.

Also, these measurements of the compression force in the tank can be made using car pressure gauge. Measuring device connects to the tank spool.

To begin adjusting the compression force in the hydraulic tank, you need to prepare it:

1. Disconnect the equipment from the electrical outlet.
2. Open any tap installed in the system and wait until the liquid stops flowing from it. Of course, it will be better if the tap is located close to the storage tank or on the same floor as it.
3. Next, measure the compression force in the container using a pressure gauge and remember this value. For small volume drives, the figure should be about 1.5 bar.

To properly adjust the drive, you should take into account the rule: the pressure that triggers the relay to turn on the unit must exceed the compression force in the drive by 10%. For example, a pump relay turns on the motor at 1.6 bar. This means that it is necessary to create an appropriate air compression force in the storage tank, namely 1.4-1.5 bar. By the way, the coincidence with the factory settings is not accidental.

If the sensor is configured to start the station engine at a compression force greater than 1.6 bar, then, accordingly, the drive settings change. You can increase the pressure in the latter, that is, pump up air, if you use pump for inflating car tires.

Advice! It is recommended to correct the air compression force in the accumulator at least once a year, since during the winter it can decrease by several tenths of a bar.

Setting up the pressure switch

There are times when the default sensor settings do not suit users pumping equipment. For example, if you open a tap on any floor of a building, you will notice that the water pressure in it quickly decreases. Also, the installation of some water purification systems is not possible if the compression force in the system is less than 2.5 bar. If the station is configured to turn on at 1.6-1.8 bar, then the filters are in this case will not work.

Typically, setting up a pressure switch with your own hands is not difficult and is performed according to the following algorithm.

1. Record the pressure gauge readings when turning the unit on and off.
2. Unplug the station's power cord from the outlet or turn off the circuit breakers.
3. Remove the cover from the sensor. It is usually secured with 1 screw. Under the cover you can see 2 screws with springs. The larger one is responsible for the pressure at which the station engine starts. Usually next to it there is a marking in the form of the letter “P” and arrows are drawn with “+” and “-” signs next to them.
4. To increase compression force, rotate the nut towards the “+” sign. And vice versa, to reduce it, you need to turn the screw towards the “-” sign. Make one turn of the nut in the required direction and start the machine.
5. Wait until the station turns off. If the pressure gauge readings do not suit you, then continue to rotate the nut and turn on the device until the pressure in the accumulator reaches the required value.
6. The next step is set the moment to turn off the station. A smaller screw with a spring around it is designed for this. Near it there is a marking “ΔP”, and also arrows with “+” and “-” signs. Setting the pressure regulator to turn on the device is carried out in the same way as to turn off the device.

On average, the interval between the compression force at which the sensor turns on the station engine and the compression force value when the unit stops is within 1-1.5 bar. In this case, the interval may increase if the shutdown occurs at high values.

For example, the unit has factory settings where P on = 1.6 bar and P off = 2.6 bar. It follows from this that the difference does not go beyond the standard value and is equal to 1 bar. If for some reason it is necessary to increase P off to 4 bar, then the interval should be increased to 1.5 bar. That is, P on should be about 2.5 bar.

But as this interval increases, the pressure drop in the water supply system. Sometimes this can cause discomfort because you have to use up large quantity water from the tank so that the station turns on. But due to the large interval between P on and P off, the pump will turn on less frequently, which will increase its resource.

The above-described manipulations with the compression force settings are possible only with equipment of the appropriate power. For example, in those The passport for the device states that it can produce no more than 3.5 bar. This means that setting P off = 4 bar on it does not make sense, since the station will work without stopping, and the pressure in the tank will never be able to rise to required value. Therefore, in order to obtain a pressure in the receiver of 4 bar or higher, it is necessary to purchase a pump of appropriate power.

Operation of pumping equipment in the system autonomous water supply regulated by special automation. One of the main parts that controls network parameters is the pressure switch. This device has factory settings that determine the low and high limits at which the pump turns on. If it is necessary to change the indicators, the pressure switch of the pumping station is adjusted. This operation does not require the involvement of specialists; knowing the setup rules, it can be carried out independently.

Water supply network with relay

How does a pressure switch work?

Regardless of the manufacturer, the water pressure switch in the water supply system is a compact unit with two springs and electrical contacts. The hydraulic part of the device is a membrane with a piston and two springs different sizes. Electrical part– contact group, opening/closing network for turning on/off the pump. All structural parts, including the terminal block, are attached to a metal base. The device has several groups of terminals:

• for connecting voltage 220V;
• for grounding;
• terminals for the pump.

On the back side there is a nut for connecting to the fitting. The device is covered with a plastic cover on top, which is fixed to the screw of the larger spring. Products from different factories may be equipped with additional elements, have a characteristic shape and arrangement of components, but they all have a similar design. The sensor can be mechanical or electronic. Mechanical devices more popular due to low cost.

Relay design

Attention. To remove from the device plastic cover A screwdriver or wrench is required.

Relay operating principle

The pump station pressure switch device does not require human intervention in the process of turning the pump on and off. The principle of its operation is based on changing the degree of influence on the piston, which is responsible for closing the contacts. A large spring mounted on a rod with an adjustment nut counteracts the movement of the membrane and piston. When the pressure in the system decreases due to water withdrawal, the contact platform lowers and closes the contacts. The pump turns on and begins to pump liquid.

Mechanical controller pressure

The entry of water into the accumulator leads to an increase in air pressure on the device membrane. The piston, overcoming the action of the spring, begins to displace the contact platform. This process causes electrical contacts to open. The current does not turn off immediately, but when the platform is retracted to a distance determined by the setting of the small spring. This regulator is responsible for the pressure difference. After the contacts are completely opened, the unit stops pumping water.

Information. To adjust the lower pressure level (on), a large spring is used, and to set the upper limit (off), a small spring is used.

Preparation of the pumping station

When organizing individual water supply is installed special equipment- pumping station. It consists of two parts:

• submersible (surface) pump;
• hydraulic accumulator

A sealed tank with a rubber membrane installed inside serves to store a supply of water and maintain stable pressure in the system. Before you start setting up the pressure switch of the pumping station with your own hands, you should prepare the tank. The tank consists of a rubber bulb into which water is pumped and a chamber filled with air. The amount of air pressure affects the operation of the entire water supply system, so setting up a pumping station is necessary.

Preparation membrane tank begin with complete drain water from the pipeline and the container itself. For this purpose, the bottom tap of the system is used. Air is pumped into the empty tank; its pressure should be 10% less than the lower limit. Minimum value the pressure is determined depending on the size of the accumulator:

• 20-30 l – 1.4-1.7 bar;
• 50-100 l – 1.8-1.9 bar.

After determining the pressure in the storage tank, the system is immediately filled with water; the rubber bulb must not be allowed to dry out.

Pumping station with hydraulic accumulator and sensor

Attention. Self-checking the pressure in the tank is necessary when assembling equipment from individual parts. Modern models Factory-manufactured pumping stations have ready-made settings specified in the documents.

For the tank membrane to last long term, it is recommended to set the pressure in the storage tank to 0.1-0.2 atm. lower than the minimum level in the system.

Where to install the mechanical controller?

When choosing where to connect the pressure switch to the submersible pump, you should avoid possible turbulence and pressure surges. The best option– installation near the hydraulic accumulator. The operating conditions of the device should be taken into account; the manufacturer indicates the permissible temperature and humidity parameters in the documents. If the sensor is waterproof, it can be installed together with the storage tank in a caisson. For the controller to start functioning, it must be connected to the electrical and water supply network.

It is advisable to allocate a separate one for the relay electric line, but this condition is not mandatory. A cable with a cross section of 2.5 mm 2 is laid from the shield. For safety, it is recommended to install a circuit breaker with parameters corresponding to the characteristics of the pump. The device must be grounded.

Terminal block has three groups of contacts: grounding, phase and zero from the panel, wire from the pump.

The connection is carried out as standard - the wire is stripped, inserted into the connector and secured with a bolt.

Attention. Connection to the electrical network is made according to the inscriptions indicated on the contact group.

A submersible pump with a pressure switch can be connected using a tee or fitting with five outlets. The connection is made through the nut on the back of the device. In the first case, the device is installed directly on the highway. The second option is preferable, when a five-part assembly is assembled:

1. Submersible or surface pump.
2. Pressure gauge.
3. Hydraulic accumulator.
4. Pressure meter.
5. Pipeline.

Relay installation diagram

Advice. All threaded connections of the unit need to be sealed; for this purpose, sealant or FUM tape is used.

Filters are mandatory elements of the home water supply network. These devices are necessary to purify the liquid from impurities that impair the operation of equipment, including pressure switches. After connecting the sensor to the water supply and electrical network, all that remains is to adjust the pumping station yourself.

The filter can be installed before the hydraulic accumulator and automation. It will trap all large particles that could damage relay systems, membranes and rubber gaskets. But in this case it is necessary to clean it regularly - heavy pollution makes it worse throughput. This increases the load on the pump, which can lead to premature failure. When installing a filter after the station, it will operate normally without increasing the load. By weakening the pressure, the consumer will understand that the filter element requires cleaning.

Relay settings

The manufacturer ensures that pumping stations are set to average values:

• lower level – 1.5-1.8 bar;
• upper level – 2.4-3 bar.

Lower pressure threshold

If the consumer is not satisfied with these values, then knowing how to adjust the pressure in the pumping station, they can be changed. Having figured out how to set the correct pressure in the storage tank, we begin to adjust the sensor settings:

1. The pump and relay are disconnected from power. All fluid is drained from the system. The pressure gauge is at zero at this moment.
2. The plastic cover of the sensor is removed using a screwdriver.
3. Turn on the pump and record the pressure gauge readings at the time the equipment is turned off. This indicator is the upper pressure of the system.
4. The tap furthest from the unit opens. The water gradually drains and the pump turns on again. At this moment, the lower pressure is determined by the pressure gauge. The pressure difference by which this moment the equipment is configured, they calculate mathematically– taking away the results obtained.

Attention. To obtain the correct setting, you need a reliable pressure gauge whose readings you can trust.

Having the opportunity to estimate the pressure from the tap, choose necessary settings. Adjustment to increase the pressure of the pumping station is carried out by tightening the nut on a large spring. If the pressure needs to be reduced, the nut is loosened. Do not forget that adjustment work is carried out after disconnecting the device from the power supply.

Attention. The setting is carried out carefully; the relay is a sensitive device. One turn of the nut changes the pressure by 0.6-0.8 atmospheres.

Upper pressure threshold

To set the optimal pump switching frequency, it is necessary to adjust the pressure difference. A small spring is responsible for this parameter. The optimal value of the difference between the upper and lower pressure thresholds is 1.4 atm. If it is necessary to increase the upper limit at which the unit turns off, then turn the nut on the small spring clockwise. When decreasing - in the opposite direction.

Setting diagram

What effect does this adjustment have on the equipment? A reading below average (1.4 atm) will ensure a uniform supply of water, but the unit will turn on frequently and quickly break down. Excess optimal value promotes gentle use of the pump, but the water supply will suffer due to noticeable pressure surges. The pressure difference of the pumping station is adjusted smoothly and carefully. The result of the impact requires verification. The scheme of actions performed when setting the lower pressure level is repeated:

1. All devices are disconnected from the electrical network.
2. Water is drained from the system.
3. The pumping equipment is turned on and the result of the adjustment is evaluated. If the performance is unsatisfactory, the procedure is repeated.

There are limitations to consider when making differential pressure settings:

• Relay parameters. You cannot set the upper pressure threshold equal to 80% of maximum indicator devices. Data on the pressure for which the controller is designed are present in the documents. Household models usually withstand up to 5 atm. If it is necessary to increase the pressure in the system above this level, it is worth buying a more powerful relay.
• Pump characteristics. Before choosing an adjustment, you must check the equipment specifications. The unit should turn off at a pressure of 0.2 atm. below its upper limit. In this case, it will function without overload.

Features of adjustment “from scratch”

If both relay springs are weakened, the pumping station automation is adjusted according to the following algorithm:

1. The unit is turned on to pump water into the system. The pressure level is controlled by monitoring the stream from a remote tap. If the pressure is acceptable, the pressure gauge reading is recorded and the pump is turned off.
2. Having disconnected the sensor from the network, open the cover and twist the nut of the large spring until the contacts are closed.
3. The box is closed and the device is turned on again. The pump is turned on and left to work until the pressure on the pressure gauge reaches a mark equal to the previous value plus 1.4 atm.
4. The unit and relay are disconnected from the power supply, then the nut on the smaller spring is tightened until the contacts open. The lower and upper threshold settings are completed.

Pressure switch with pressure gauge

Using a sensor without a hydraulic accumulator

For some equipment models, a connection diagram is used well pump with pressure switch without storage tank. A special automatic controller starts and stops the unit when the limit values ​​are reached. The electronic unit has a dry-running protection function and provides safe work systems.

Attention. The disadvantage of this scheme is the absence minimum stock water, which is provided by a membrane tank.

Electronic pressure switch for surface and submersible pump

Complete with the pumping station, the owner of the house or cottage receives a water pressure switch for the pump. It allows you to fill the hydraulic tank automatically, saving owners from unnecessary hassle, but requires the most careful attention. The fact is that this key must, firstly, be connected correctly, and secondly, adjustments must be made to suit the needs of a particular home and its plumbing system. Neglect these important points can lead to breakdown of the entire pumping station, as well as to a reduction in its service life. Before connecting and setting up the equipment, you need to understand the operating principles of the device and the hydraulic accumulator.

Purpose, device and principle of operation

A relay is the main element for regulating the water supply to pumping system. Thanks to it, the entire pumping equipment system is turned on and off.

It is this node in the water supply system that is responsible for the water pressure. Thanks to the relay, there is a balance between high supply and weak supply.

The relay is based on the opening principle contact group when the water pressure changes. It is directly connected to the pump using output contacts. The diagram below shows the main components of the water pressure switch device.

Water pressure switch diagram

Two network contacts serve to electrically start the device. Using the pump contact group, the relay is switched on and off. There are two nuts on the top of the device. They are designed to regulate the pressure supply. Each nut is responsible for the force of water pressure in the system. When adjusting the relay, you should always remember that the device should turn off at an average water supply pressure in the pump. The differential adjustment nut adjusts the water supply between high and low pressure.

Using a relay, the switching on and off of the device supplying water to the hydraulic tank is automatically controlled. In this case, experts use a number of concepts, such as:

1. Turn-on pressure or lower pressure (Rvkl), at which the relay contacts for a submersible or well pump close, the device turns on and water begins to flow into the tank. The manufacturer's standard setting is 1.5 bar.
2. Switch-off pressure or lower pressure (Poff), at which the device contacts open and the pump turns off. The manufacturer's standard settings are 2.5-3 bar.
3. Pressure drop (ΔP) is the difference between the previous two indicators.
4. The maximum permissible shutdown rate at which the pumping station can be turned off. The manufacturer's standard settings are 5 bar.

The hydraulic accumulator is a tank in which an additional rubber container called a “bulb” is built in. A certain amount of air is pumped into this “pear” through the most ordinary car nipple. The higher the pressure in the bulb, the more it puts pressure on the water accumulated in the tank, pushing it into the plumbing system. This ensures sufficient water pressure for comfortable use.

Membrane accumulators are designed somewhat differently, but their operating principle is approximately the same. The tank is divided into two parts by a special membrane, on one side of which there is water, on the other there is air that presses on the water, etc.

Relay classification

There are two types of relays based on the principle of operation - mechanical and automatic. When purchasing this mechanism, you need to consider what functions this device should perform.

In addition, automatic relays, although easier to operate, are less durable than mechanical ones. Therefore, most buyers opt for the mechanical option.

In addition, relays are sold either built into the pumping station or separately from it. Therefore, you can select a relay based on individual characteristics that will improve the operation of all equipment.

Mechanical type

• Mechanical pressure switch SQUARE with dry running protection. The pressure generated by this device ranges from 1.3 to 5 bar. Required current for efficient work the relay is 10 A.
• Pressure switch Cristal. Current required for operation of this device, 16 A. Permissible pressure limit in plumbing system is 4.5 bar.

Electronic

Electronic relays are more susceptible to breakdowns due to the fact that when water is supplied, various small particles appear in it, which damage the equipment. To prevent this from happening, a special filter is placed at the supply inlet, which purifies the water and does not prevent damage to the device. Electronic device It is better than a mechanical one in that it does not allow the pumping station to run idle.

After pressing the button to turn off the water supply, the electronic relays operate for another 16 seconds. This function is necessary to ensure that the device operates for a longer time.

An electronic relay is easier to install and configure. To reconfigure its operation, the entire system does not need to be disassembled; you just need to configure the necessary parameters on the electronic display using the appropriate buttons.

• Pressure switch PS-15A with dry running. This electronic device operates in a pressure range from 1 to 5 bar. The current is 12 A. In addition to the listed characteristics, the device has built-in factory settings and full protection against dry running.
• Pressure switch PS-2-15. Has factory settings and dry-running protection. The possible pressure limit in the water supply system is 5.6 bar, the current is 10 A.

Installation and connection of the relay: instructions

To install a relay, you must first perform a mechanical assembly of the entire system, then you must connect these devices to the electrical network.

Electrical part

According to this diagram, connect to terminals L1 and L2 electric wires to the general network. Connect the pump terminals to the M terminals, and connect the ground to the corresponding terminals.

The wires must be connected to special terminals

Then carry out the work according to the connection diagram below for the electrical and mechanical parts of this connection.

After connecting the mechanical part, you need to connect the electrical part.

But such a connection system does not save the pumping station from dry running. Therefore, the pump should be installed in correct position, i.e., an order of magnitude higher than the located check valve.

A system connected according to this principle will operate in protected mode

This is a slightly different option for installing a home unit. But if the entire installation is carried out in accordance with this scheme, the pump will operate in a protected mode, that is, the mode of operation of the pump without water supply will be excluded.

This principle of operation of the pumping station will save the entire water supply system from rapid wear and complete failure.

All rules and instructions for connecting pumping equipment must be followed. First of all, you need to determine the required water pressure and select a relay based on this indicator.

Video: how to install a pressure controller

Checking the pressure in the water supply system using a pressure gauge

Immediately after purchasing a pumping station, you need to check the indicators that are set in the hydraulic tank by the manufacturer. Typically this figure is 1.5 atmospheres. However, during storage and transportation, leakage of some air from the tank is a completely common occurrence.

For checking, it is recommended to use a car pressure gauge with the least graduated scale possible to ensure accurate measurement. Some models of pumping stations are equipped with plastic pressure gauges, but practice has shown that they are unreliable and do not provide accurate pressure readings in the hydraulic tank. Another option is electronic pressure gauges, the readings of which largely depend on the battery charge level and ambient temperature. Considering high cost electronic pressure gauges and the extreme unreliability of Chinese plastic products, experts recommend choosing a regular mechanical automobile pressure gauge, enclosed in a metal case.

To set the pump pressure switch, it is best to use a mechanical pressure gauge

To check the pressure in the accumulator, you need to remove the decorative cap under which the nipple is hidden, connect a pressure gauge to it and take readings. The lower the pressure, the greater the supply of water that can be created in it. To create a sufficiently large water pressure, a pressure of 1.5 atm is considered an acceptable indicator. But the atmosphere alone is quite enough to provide the household needs of a small house.

At high blood pressure the pump turns on more often, which means it wears out faster, but the water pressure in the system is created approximately the same as in a city water supply system. This allows, for example, the use of a hydromassage shower. At low pressure, the pump wears less, but the maximum comfort you can afford is regular bath, filled hot water, but not the delights of a jacuzzi.

Please note that experts do not recommend over-pumping the hydraulic tank or reducing the pressure to less than one atmosphere. This can lead to an insufficient supply of water in the accumulator, or damage to the rubber bulb.

After these nuances have been clarified, air is either pumped into the hydraulic tank or vented until the required level is reached.

How to adjust correctly (with hydraulic accumulator)

Before setting the relay, you need to remove the cover, under which there are two springs with nuts: large and small. By turning the large nut, the lower pressure in the hydraulic accumulator (P) is adjusted. By rotating the small nut, the pressure difference (ΔР) is set. The starting point is the position of the large spring, with the help of which the lower pressure limit is set.

Before you begin setting up the pressure switch for the pump, you must remove the top cover from the device, which hides the large and small springs

After the required air parameter has been reached in the accumulator, the tank should be connected to the system and turned on, observing the readings of the water pressure gauge. Note that in technical documentation for each pump the operating and limiting pressure indicators are indicated, as well as permissible norm water consumption. These values ​​must not be exceeded when configuring the relay. If during system operation the operating pressure accumulator or pump limit value, you must turn off the pump manually. The maximum pressure is considered reached at the moment when the pressure stops increasing.

Fortunately, ordinary household models pumps are not powerful enough to pump the tank to its maximum capacity. Most often the difference between established indicators on and off pressure is 1-2 atmospheres, which fully ensures optimal use technology.

Once the water pressure gauge shows the required lower pressure, the pump should be turned off. Further adjustment is made as follows:

1. Carefully rotate the small nut (ΔP) until the mechanism starts to work.
2. Open the water to completely empty the system of water.
3. When the relay turns on, the lower value will be reached. Please note that the pump activation pressure should be approximately 0.1-0.3 atmospheres higher than the pressure reading in an empty hydraulic tank. This will protect the “pear” from premature damage.
4. Now you need to rotate the large nut (P) to adjust lower limit pressure.
5. After this, the pump is turned on again and waited until the indicator in the system rises to the desired level.
6. All that remains is to adjust the small nut (ΔP), after which the hydraulic accumulator can be considered adjusted.

Adjustment diagram

Here is a diagram that is suitable for most devices:

The pressure switch for the pump is adjusted using two nuts: large and small. They must be handled very carefully so as not to damage the device.

Video: how to adjust the relay for the pump

In addition to the initial setup when connecting the relay to the pump, the home owner needs to periodically check the operation of the system and adjust the settings. At least once every three months, experts recommend completely draining the water from the hydraulic tank and checking the air pressure by pumping up required amount or bleeding off excess.