Communication about any invention in technology. Russian inventors and their famous inventions. Jerome Hal Lemelson

In this article you will find the 10 most outstanding inventors world, I offer information in the usual rating format. Go!

No. 10. Leonardo da Vinci

Is there no limit to your surprise that such a famous inventor opens the top ten? There is a simple explanation for this: his inventions were ahead of science for decades, and therefore it was almost impossible to implement them. Leonardo had a well-developed imagination, he could create all sorts of innovations in his mind, but, unfortunately, he was never able to invent anything truly necessary and real. In addition, he was a fickle person and his interests replaced each other so quickly that Leonardo did not have time to fully penetrate his ideas. Such structures as: a submarine, a tank, a glider are included in the list of his inventions.

No. 9. Edwin Lan

The physicist and more famous inventor Edwin Land, originally from Connecticut, is not the direct inventor of photography, but he did much more to ensure that everything connected with it reached our times and was improved. As a first-year student at Harvard in 1926, the future scientist created the new kind polarizer, combining and complementing plastic sheet with crystals, he gave his perfection the name Polaroid. Later he applied the principle of polarization to light filters, optics devices and film processes and became the founder of the Polaroid Corporation. 535 US patents added to his treasury of awards and achievements.

No. 8. Benjamin Franklin

Ben Franklin, who was truly versatile developed person, this amazing scientist was involved in writing, politics, social and government activities, was a satirist, postmaster, great scientist, diplomat, but few people know that Franklin was also a legendary inventor. He provided the whole world with a lightning rod, thanks to which countless houses were saved from fires and lightning, Armonica glass, a stove that got its name in honor of the scientist, bifocal glasses and the now famous flexible urinary catheter and many more inventions. But unfortunately, many of them have been forgotten, the reason for this was that Franklin did not patent his innovations, wanting them to be available to the whole world.

No. 7. Heron of Alexandria

All his inventions could have turned history around and given impetus to the industrial revolution back in 50 AD, if Heron had told the whole world about them. But the great scientist of those years was mistaken, considering the steam engine just a personal amusement; in his opinion, there were many slaves in Rome, and the invention of such a unit for the entire people would be useless! The same brilliant inventor made many other items needed in life, for example, a pump, a syringe, a fountain, windmill- it’s hard to imagine that all these works were carried out during the pre-industrial era. Many of his inventions remained just projects.

No. 6. Jerome "Jerry" Hal Lemelson

Lemelson is considered one of many inventors whose results have reached the highest levels. His inventive fruits helped him obtain 605 patents. His crazy number of inventions also include automated warehouses, industrial robots, wireless phones, faxes, video players, video cameras and magnetic tapes, tapes for Walkman players from Sony. But Jerome didn’t even think about stopping there and sent his patents in the field of medical equipment that can detect cancer and begin its treatment, he is also the author of diamond coating, and also has a patent for consumer electronics and television

No. 5. George Westinghouse

Grandiose scientific discovery steel electrical systems operating on the basis alternating current(the work was based on the works of Nikola Tesla), in the end they became an order of magnitude higher than Edison’s device, which in turn operated on a constant current, and became, in a way, the progenitors of the modern energy system. But before he leapfrogged Edison's achievements, George Westinghouse invented air brakes for railroads. He was also one of many who attempted to invent a perpetual motion machine. But his labors were in vain. Earned 361 patents.

No. 4. Alexander Graham Bell

Everyone knows this wonderful inventor of telephones, young and old. But, in addition to phones, he also has very useful inventions, for example, a device for detecting icebergs, and a well-known metal detector, which has survived to this day.

No. 3. Thomas Edison

Yes, yes, the famous and talented inventor, whose number of patents has exceeded a thousand, is not the first number on our top list. In fact, everything is very simple. Even though he invented the light bulb, the phonograph, the movie camera, and brought light to New York, a lot of his work was created with the help of people who worked under his direction or it was a team invention, which does not make him, ultimately the main inventor.

No. 2. Nikola Tesla

Like many great scientists, Nikola Tesla's fame came after his death, although thanks to his work, commercial electricity now exists. After all, it was the theory and patents he developed that became a kind of basis for modern system electricity based on alternating current, as well as multiphase electrical system distribution of alternating current, with the help of which another revolution took place in the industrial sector. But this is far from his only merit to the world; Tesla left his mark in the field of robotics, created a starting point in improvement remote control, radar, and information technologies, and what is very important, took part in scientific research in the field of ballistics, nuclear physics and theoretical physics. There is information about his hobbies in antigravity, teleportation and lasers, alas, there is no evidence of this. However, he is the holder of 111 patents and is considered the best innovator in the whole world.

No. 1. Archimedes of Syracuse

So we got to the leader of our top ten. And again it’s your turn to wonder why the scientist from Ancient Greece top of the list? Let's start with the fact that he is the greatest scientist in the field of mathematics. In particular, he, like no one else, determined the most specific calculation of the value of Pi, compiled a formula for determining the area under the arc of a parabola, this list can be supplemented forever, this is exactly the person whom even modern schoolchildren dislike in mathematics lessons. In addition, his works include the development of machines, siege weapons, and few people know that he invented a device that could burn Roman ships to the ground, only with the help of a simple mirror, by using the “sunbeam effect.” Well, the most powerful argument in his favor is that all his discoveries were made more than two thousand years ago, when the age of technology was practically in its infancy. And what is equally important, Archimedes was self-taught and acquired all his knowledge on his own, by trial and error!

It would seem that any invention must be ingenious. But the desire to come up with something unusual sometimes leads to such absurd inventions that it turns out to be 200% surprising, but not everyone wants to use such an innovation.

The most useless inventions

This man must have loved women very much if it occurred to him to invent tights for 3 legs. Indeed, I feel sorry for women who throw away 1/6 of their salary on buying tights because of the slightest tightening or a “running” loop. So three-legged tights appeared, which were patented in the USA in 1997. And they are not for female mutants. They are worn like regular tights, but the “third leg” is hidden on the belt. If the tights are torn on one leg, just replace the “damaged leg” with a third stocking, and everything will be fine.

Why isn't the subway cap patented in Japan funny? Put it on your head, pull it over your eyes, and rest while the train is moving. And in order not to oversleep your stop, there is a special slot in it where a sign with the name of the desired station is inserted. A kind neighbor-passenger will always wake you up if the owner of such a cap suddenly falls fast asleep.

Alarm clock for those who are constantly late for work. It looks no different from a regular alarm clock. But a small button the size of a match head is located among the needles densely embedded in the body. Even to a normal person it is difficult to press. But what about those who spent a stormy night the night before, or whose hands are shaking after a merry feast?

Rotating ice cream has been patented in America. The balls inside the cup are constantly moving. All that remains is to stick out your tongue and hope that at least a drop of the delicacy will reach its “destination.”

Among the eccentric inventors there are truly talented people who have left their mark on the world of discovery.

The most famous inventions

Among the residents different countries the world conducted a survey on the most famous invention humanity. Oddly enough, the majority of the planet's inhabitants have not given special significance those inventions that “shocked” the world.

The first place was taken by such an invention as letters. They make up words and sentences. This is the language of communication, without which it is impossible to imagine human existence. No inventions or technologies could be born if letters, signs, and language did not exist.

Anesthesia. It is impossible to imagine how even the most simple operation. The term "anesthesia" belongs to an ancient Roman physician and pharmacologist who lived in the 1st century AD. He managed to isolate narcotic extracts from mandrake root, which had an analgesic effect.

"Laughing gas", or nitrous oxide, which after a few inhalations stops painful sensations, was invented by the English chemist Humphry Davy. And the invention of anesthesia using diethyl ether belongs to Dr. Morton. It was from this moment that surgery learned to control pain.

Antibiotics have protected humanity from epidemics and fatal diseases. The inventor of penicillin, the first antibiotic, was Alexander Fleming, who patented this wonder drug in 1928.

How did the invention of the computer change the world?

In the 50s, scientists invented “computers” that resembled huge machines, the main task of which was to correctly calculate the trajectory space flights. These inventions were called computer technology. Steve Jobs, who patented 230 inventions in the field of information technology, became a computer genius and a legend. Thanks to his genius, not only portable computers appeared, but also iPods and iPhone mobile phones.

The computer has become not only a means of collecting and processing information. This is not only a way to transmit any data to almost all parts of the world. This invention is indispensable in management technological processes. With the help of computers it happens automated control production processes, automatic robots, mechanisms for calculating control and measurement data.

Important they have in the field of medicine when making diagnoses and examining the body, during complex operations, up to transplantation of the heart and other human organs.

Computers are indispensable in the military-technical field. Calculation of flight trajectories spaceships and satellites, their launch into space, studying the bowels of the earth, predictions natural disasters and observations of changes in nature, search and extraction of minerals, the ability to control work nuclear power plants- this is a tiny part of the opportunities that a person received with the invention of the computer.

The most significant invention in human history

It is quite difficult to single out the most significant invention. Scientists have concluded that this is not a rocket, not a light bulb, not television or radio, not the Internet or an iPhone. This is a book. Because the flight of spaceships and airplanes, mastery of electrical or atomic energy and much more became possible thanks to the invention of the book. Neither the advent of the computer, television or high technology, could not replace the book. She is the most ancient, reliable carrier and keeper of any information, not requiring any external energy. She still does her job main task- educate and teach people.

Perhaps the most notable know-how was the invention of the wheel. Some units with wheels are truly impressive; for example, the fastest motorcycles can accelerate to 100 kilometers per hour in 2.5 seconds. .
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Just 200 years ago the world lived without electricity, good transport, without television, mobile phones, the Internet and without many other things that we cannot do without today. Unfortunately many modern technologies were not invented by Russian inventors and scientists. But in fact, our country has something to brag about. Here are the most significant Russian inventions created by our compatriots.

Carbon filter mask

Who invented: N. D. Zelinsky

N. D. Zelinsky invented a protective mask against exposure of people to poisonous gases, which were used by the enemy during the First World War. The mask was based on absorbent carbon, which successfully neutralized most of the poisonous gases used in those years.

Backpack parachute

Who invented: Kotelnikov G.E.

The world's first backpack parachute, which in principle is still used to this day, was invented by the self-taught Russian inventor Gleb Kotelnikov. The first parachute test took place in 1912.

According to legend, Gleb saw a woman in the theater with a piece of fabric folded on her back, who then, through simple manipulations, turned the folded fabric into a large scarf. This is precisely what was possible and illuminated the inventor who came up with new way folding the parachute.

Mortar

Who invented: Gobyato L.N.

Gobyato Leonid Nikolaevich during the Russian-Japanese War in 1904-1905 invented a mortar, which was a classic cannon on wheels that used mortar mines to fire. A new device (mortar) made it possible to launch mines along a ballistic trajectory. This made it possible to fire from a cannon at enemy trenches and mines at a certain angle and from a high trajectory of the projectile.

Torpedo

Who invented: Alexandrovsky I.F.

Ivan Fedorovich Aleksandrovsky is the author of the first Russian mobile mine (torpedo), as well as the creator in 1865 of the first Russian submarine.

The first Russian assault rifle

Who invented: Fedorov V.G.

Vladimir Grigorievich Fedorov is the author of the first Russian automatic rifle, which can safely be called an “automatic”, since the rifle could fire bursts.

The machine was created before the outbreak of the First World War. Beginning in 1916, the Fedorov rifle began to be used in combat.

Radio

Who invented: Popov A.S.

Who invented the radio receiver? The debate has been going on for a long time. And it is quite possible that its author is our Russian scientist, Russian physicist and electrical engineer Alexander Stepanochiv Popov.

Popov showed his first radio receiver in 1895 at a meeting of the Physico-Chemical Committee in St. Petersburg.

Unfortunately, the scientist did not patent it. Eventually Nobel Prize for the invention of radio was given to G. Marconi.

Inventor of television and electrically based television broadcasting

Who invented: Zvorykin V.K.

Zvorykin Vladimir Kozmich developed the iconoscope, kinescope and color television. However, he made most of his inventions in the United States, where he immigrated from Russia in 1919.

Video recorder

Who invented: Ponyatov A.M.

Like Zvorykin, Alexander Matveevich Ponyatov in the years civil war in Russia, he immigrated to the United States, where he founded the Ampex company, which in 1956 introduced the world's first commercial video recorder. One of the authors of the invention is A.M. Ponyatov.

The world's first movie camera

Who invented: Timchenko I.A.

It is officially believed that cinema was born in 1895, when brothers Louis and Auguste Lumière announced the invention of the cinema camera and received a patent for it. At the end of 1895, the brothers also organized the world's first paid film show in Paris.

But in fact, the first movie camera was invented by our Russian scientist Joseph Timchenko, who, even before 1895, had already demonstrated the first movie camera to the public.

The world's first film show took place in 1893 in Odessa, where the author of the invention showed the public footage of cavalrymen on a white sheet of paper.

Plaster casts

Who invented: Pirogov N.I.

During the Caucasian War in 1847, Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov invented the world's first plaster casts. He used dressings soaked in starch, which proved very effective.

Compression-distraction device

Who invented: Ilizarov G.A.

Ilizarov Gabriel Abramovich created a compression-distraction device that can be used in orthopedics, traumatology, surgery, for curvature of bones, fractures and other defects of the limbs.

The world's first machine for the treatment of cardiopulmonary diseases

Who invented: Bryukhonenko S.S.

Russian Soviet physiologist, doctor medical sciences, created the world's first artificial blood circulation apparatus and proved that a person can recover after clinical death. Also, Sergei Sergeevich Bryukhonenko proved to the whole world that open heart surgery is not science fiction. In addition, the invention of the Russian scientist made it possible to transplant organs, including the possibility of heart transplantation.

Founder of Transplantology

Who invented: Demikhov V.P.

Vladimir Petrovich Demikhov invented the technology of human organ transplantation, becoming the founder of high-tech medicine in the field of transplantology. By the way, Vladimir Demikhov became the first in the world to transplant lungs and create a model of an artificial heart.

Thanks to his numerous experiments on dogs and his knowledge as a scientist, his technology for human organ transplants has saved thousands of lives.

Glaucoma treatment technology

Who invented: Fedorov S.N.

Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov made a huge contribution to the development of radial keratotomy. In 1973, he was the only one in the world to perform eye surgery on patients with glaucoma. early stages. A year later, the doctor began to use own technology treating myopia by making certain cuts on the cornea. Fedorov invented the entire technology of eye surgery himself.

Today, thousands of operations are performed all over the world using Fedorov’s method.

Electric lamp

Who invented: Lodygin A.N.

Russian engineer Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin invented the first electric light bulb, which was a vacuum flask with an internal core.

Arc lamp

Who invented: Yablochkov P.N.

The great inventor Pavel Nikolaevich Yablochkov invented arc lamps. These disposable lamps were even used in Europe to light streets.

One can argue for a long time about who is the greatest inventor in the history of mankind. Many people claim this title without actually inventing anything of their own, but only by improving the inventions of others. Including such persons on the list of the very best would be incorrect.

Let's try to abstract from personal biases and create a truly objective list. For those who got into it, there was no need to create a significant number of discoveries. After all, there are inventors who have thousands of patents, but they are all related to minor variations of the same device or are concentrated in one narrow area.

We tried to select those representatives of science whose inventions turned out to be the most significant, having the maximum impact on society. At the same time, scientists’ thoughts were often ahead of technical capabilities of its time.

Archimedes. Why was the ancient Greek scientist in first place? First of all, because he is considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all time, having come close to calculating the number "Pi". Today, all schoolchildren and students study and use the discoveries of this Greek every day. Archimedes also became famous for inventing many useful machines. These include siege weapons, and mirrors that set fire to the sails of Roman ships by focusing sun rays. Archimedes was the first theorist of mechanics. For example, he outlined the complete theory of leverage, applying it in practice. The scientist also developed an Archimedes screw (auger), with the help of which water is bailed out to this day. The primacy of this inventor is deserved - after all, all this was discovered more than two thousand years ago, when there were neither computers nor technologies available to inventors today. Archimedes may have studied in the libraries of Alexandria, but much of his knowledge was self-acquired.

Nikola Tesla. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in this scientist, who was little known during his lifetime and died practically in oblivion. The Serbian, who was something of a recluse and mad scientist, can be considered today as the most responsible for the advent of commercial electricity on the planet. Although Tesla's fame stems from his work in electromagnetism, he held patents and theoretical work that formed the basis of modern alternating current and electrical systems, including the polyphase system. It was this part of the scientist’s discoveries that ushered in the second industrial revolution. Tesla is associated with the fundamentals of robotics, laid the foundations for remote control, radar and computer science, his works relate to ballistics, nuclear and theoretical physics. Some believe that the scientist was even able to discover antigravity and teleportation, but this, of course, remains unproven. In any case, Tesla, with his 111 patents, remains one of the best and most innovative minds in history, recognized only by his descendants.

Thomas Edison. Many will be surprised that the most prolific inventor in modern history, which owns more than a thousand patents, is not in first place. We know Edison as the inventor of the electric light bulb, the phonograph, and the kinetoscope (a device for displaying moving pictures). The inventor electrified all of New York, and he's not the first on our list? No one denies Edison's talents, but many of his famous discoveries were developed by other organizations or engineers working for him. As a result, Thomas was responsible for the work of an entire team of researchers, but he still cannot be called the main inventor. However, Edison had the unpleasant ability to violate agreements by not paying employees, but was it possible to be perfect at that time? Although the inventor was not personally responsible for everything that came out of his Menlo Park laboratory, he was undoubtedly a master of R@D and oversaw the creation and production of many greatest discoveries nineteenth century. Edison himself was distinguished by extreme efficiency and determination; right into his old age he worked 16-19 hours a day. The inventor himself noted that he sought to discover only what could subsequently have commercial benefits.

Alexander Graham Bell. It would seem that only the invention of the telephone brought fame to this man. However, if you look at all the achievements of this man over the 75 years of his life, his place on our list will become clear. Bell himself invented the telephone as a result of his work with deaf people. However, few people know that Alexander also invented devices for identifying people with poor hearing (an audiometer), for finding treasures (a modern metal detector), a hydrofoil boat, and even one of the first airplanes. With funds received from the creation of the telephone company, Bell created the Volta Institute, in which inventors improved telephony, the phonograph and electrical communications. We can also thank Mr. Bell for creating the National Geographic Foundation in 1888.

George Westinghouse. Although Edison contributed the most to his inventions, it is difficult to argue that Westinghouse's financial contributions were almost as great. George's inventions were based on an electrical system that basically used alternating current (this was the result of the work of Nikola Tesla). Ultimately, this approach prevailed over Edison's insistence on using direct current and marked the beginning of the modern energy system. But Westinghouse was quite versatile - he was able to surpass Edison by inventing not only an alternating current power system, but also an air brake for railway. This discovery significantly improved safety in this type of transport. Like Edison, George also experimented with creating a perpetual motion machine. Such work can hardly be called serious, if only because this machine would violate the laws of physics, but the inventor cannot be blamed for an unsuccessful attempt. The prolific engineer eventually received 361 patents for his inventions.

Jerome "Jerry" Hal Lemelson. How, have you never heard of such a person? But he was one of the most prolific inventors in history, collecting as many as 605 patents. What did he invent? Lemelson is credited with creating automated warehouses, industrial robots, cordless phones, fax machines, video cameras, VCRs, magnetic tape cassettes, like those used in the Sony Walkman. But Jerome's inventions also relate to medical instrumentation, cancer detection and treatment, diamond coating technology, consumer electronics and television. Lemelson became the most famous of his time, but was an active champion of the rights of independent inventors. This made him a controversial figure, he was disliked large companies and patent offices, but Jerome was a true champion among a community of independent craftsmen like himself.

Heron of Alexandria. If this man had understood what he had invented, and even had the opportunity to make the appropriate tools and materials, then the industrial revolution could have begun not in 1750, but in 50! Alas, Heron thought that he had invented another toy, and was there a need in those days to use steam engines if there was no shortage of slaves around? Heron is considered one of the finest minds in the Roman Empire and is credited with creating such useful things as the pump, the first syringe, a fountain that could operate with hydrostatic energy, a wind-powered organ, and even the first coin-operated machine. Heron developed a device for measuring the length of roads (the first taximeter), automatic doors and the first programmable devices. Moreover, his discoveries were created in the pre-industrial era, he eventually became someone like the Thomas Edison of antiquity. It is a pity that Heron, like Leonardo da Vinci, could not develop his inventions more seriously and develop their ideas further. Then we might live in a completely different world.

Benjamin Franklin."Seriously?" - many will ask. Yes, absolutely! Few people know that Franklin's varied skills (he was a polymath, author and novelist, satirist, political scientist, scientist, civic activist, diplomat and statesman) also indicates a passion for inventions. Among Benjamin's many discoveries were the lightning rod, which saved countless homes and lives from lightning strikes and subsequent fires, the glass harmonica (not to be confused with the metal one), the Franklin stove, bifocal glasses, and even a flexible urinary catheter. The scientist himself never patented any of his discoveries, so his inventions have many similarities with others, which led to the belittlement creativity Franklin himself. In his autobiography, he wrote: “Just as we enjoy the benefits bestowed upon us by the inventions of others, we should rejoice in the opportunity to serve others in the same way. Any invention of ours should be open and free of charge.” This noble approach makes Franklin a worthy representative of our ten.

Edwin Land. Connecticut physicist and inventor Edwin Land may not have invented photography, but he did invent and perfect almost everything else related to it. Already in his first year of study at Harvard in 1926, the young man developed a new type of polarizer, combining crystals into a plastic sheet, calling it “Polaroid.” Later, joining other young scientists, he developed the polarization principle of filters, optical devices and video recording processes, founding the Polaroid company based on his discoveries. Edwin holds at least 535 US patents, and Land is believed to be best known for his invention of the fully autonomous camera. This made it possible to watch the footage on the spot, rather than having to wait a long time for the film to be developed.

Leonardo da Vinci. Many will find it strange that one of the greatest minds of the Renaissance took only tenth place in our ranking. However, the reason lies not in himself, but in the time in which he lived. The technology of Leonardo's era simply couldn't implement most of his ideas, so technically he didn't invent much at all. The scientist was more of a futurist who came up with various innovations faster than the mechanics of the time could bring them to life. And Da Vinci’s interests were so broad that he usually did not go deep into any one of his ideas, leaving only a description in general outline, and a few sketches. Although the Italian foresaw the advent of such things as gliders, tanks, and submarines, he did not foresee the advent of such future great inventions as electricity, the telephone, and photography. Among the scientist’s creations are a catapult, a robot, a searchlight and a parachute. Leonardo da Vinci was undoubtedly a great mind. If he had been able to concentrate on one idea long enough to bring it to fruition, we would undoubtedly call him the greatest inventor in history.