Make your own simple ones electronic circuits You can use it at home even without deep knowledge of electronics. Actually on household level radio is very simple. Knowledge of the elementary laws of electrical engineering (Ohm, Kirchhoff), general principles operation of semiconductor devices, schematic reading skills, ability to work with electric soldering iron quite enough to assemble a simple circuit.

Radio amateur workshop

No matter how complex the scheme may have to be implemented, it is necessary to have minimum set materials and tools in your home workshop:

• Side cutters;
• Tweezers;
• Solder;
• Flux;
• Circuit boards;
• Tester or multimeter;
• Materials and tools for making the device body.

You shouldn't buy expensive ones to begin with. professional tools and devices. An expensive soldering station or digital oscilloscope will be of little help to a novice radio amateur. At first creative path The simplest instruments are quite enough, on which you need to hone your experience and skills.

Where to start

Do-it-yourself radio circuits for the home should not exceed the level of complexity that you have, otherwise it will only mean wasted time and materials. If you lack experience, it is better to limit yourself to the simplest schemes, and as you gain skills, improve them, replacing them with more complex ones.

Typically, most literature in the field of electronics for beginner radio amateurs leads classic example manufacturing of simple receivers. This especially applies to classical old literature, which does not contain so many fundamental errors compared to modern literature.

Note! These schemes were designed for the enormous power of transmitting radio stations in the past. Today, transmitting centers use less power to transmit and try to move to shorter wavelengths. Don't waste time trying to make a working radio using a simple circuit.

Radio circuits for beginners should contain a maximum of two or three active elements - transistors. This will make it easier to understand the operation of the circuit and increase the level of knowledge.

What can be done

What can be done so that it is not difficult and can be used in practice at home? There can be many options:

• Apartment call;
• Christmas tree garland switch;
• Lighting for modding system unit computer.

Important! Devices that operate from a household network should not be designed alternating current, there is not enough experience yet. This is dangerous both for life and for others.

Enough simple schemes have amplifiers for computer speakers, made on specialized integrated circuits. Devices assembled on their basis contain minimal amount elements and require virtually no adjustment.

You can often find circuits that need basic modifications and improvements that simplify manufacturing and configuration. But this should be done by an experienced master so that the final version is more accessible to a beginner.

What to use for the design

Most literature recommends designing simple circuits on circuit boards. Nowadays this is quite simple. There are a wide variety of circuit boards available with different hole and trace configurations.

The installation principle is that the parts are installed on the board in free places, and then the required pins are connected to each other by jumpers, as indicated in the circuit diagram.

With due care, such a board can serve as the basis for many circuits. The power of the soldering iron for soldering should not exceed 25 W, then the risk of overheating radio elements and printed conductors will be minimized.

The solder should be low-melting, like POS-60, and as a flux it is best to use pure pine rosin or its solution in ethyl alcohol.

Highly qualified radio amateurs can themselves develop a printed circuit board design and make it on foil material, on which they can then solder radio elements. The design developed in this way will have optimal dimensions.

Design of the finished structure

Looking at the creations of beginners and experienced craftsmen, we can come to the conclusion that assembling and adjusting the device is not always the most difficult part of the design process. Sometimes a properly functioning device remains a set of parts with soldered wires, not covered by any housing. Nowadays, you no longer have to worry about making a case, because on sale you can find all kinds of sets of cases of any configuration and size.

Before you start manufacturing the design you like, you should fully think through all the stages of the work: from the availability of tools and all radio elements to the design of the housing. It will be completely uninteresting if during the work it turns out that one of the resistors is missing, and there are no replacement options. It is better to carry out the work under the guidance of an experienced radio amateur, and, as a last resort, periodically monitor the manufacturing process at each stage.

Video

Every day there are more and more, many new articles appear, it is quite difficult for new visitors to immediately find their bearings and review at once everything that has already been written and previously posted.

I would really like to draw the attention of all visitors to individual articles that were posted on the site earlier. In order to avoid having to search for the necessary information for a long time, I will make several “entrance pages” with links to the most interesting and useful articles on individual topics.

Let's call the first such page "Useful electronic homemade products". Here we consider simple electronic circuits that are available for implementation by people of any level of training. The circuits are built using a modern electronic base.

All information in the articles is presented in a very accessible form and to the extent necessary for practical work. Naturally, to implement such schemes you need to understand at least the basics of electronics.

So, a selection of the most interesting articles site by topic "Useful electronic homemade products". The author of the articles is Boris Aladyshkin.

Modern electronics components greatly simplify circuit design. Even ordinary twilight switch Now you can assemble it from just three parts.

The article describes a simple and reliable electric pump control circuit. Despite the extreme simplicity of the circuit, the device can operate in two modes: water lifting and drainage.

The article provides several diagrams of spot welding machines.

Using the described design, you can determine whether a mechanism located in another room or building is working or not. Information about the operation is the vibration of the mechanism itself.

A story about what a safety transformer is, why it is needed and how you can make it yourself.

Description simple device, disconnecting the load in case of output mains voltage beyond acceptable limits.

The article discusses the circuit of a simple thermostat using an adjustable zener diode TL431.

An article about how to make a device for smoothly switching on lamps using the KR1182PM1 microcircuit.

Sometimes when there is low voltage in the network or soldering massive parts It becomes simply impossible to use a soldering iron. This is where a step-up power regulator for a soldering iron can come to the rescue.

An article about what can be replaced mechanical thermostat oil heating radiator.

Description simple and reliable circuit thermostat for the heating system.

The article describes a converter circuit made on a modern element base, containing a minimum number of parts and allowing to obtain significant power in the load.

Article about in various ways connecting the load to the control unit on microcircuits using relays and thyristors.

Description of a simple control circuit for LED garlands.

Design simple timer, allowing you to turn the load on and off at specified time intervals. Working time and pause time do not depend on each other.

Description of the circuit and operating principle of a simple emergency lamp based on an energy-saving lamp.

A detailed story about the popular "laser-iron" manufacturing technology printed circuit boards, its features and nuances.

Nowadays, there is a huge selection of tools and devices for practicing radio electronics: soldering stations, stabilized laboratory power supplies, engraving kits (for drilling boards and processing construction materials), tools for stripping and processing wires and cables, and so on. And all this equipment costs a lot of money. A reasonable question arises: will a novice radio amateur be able to purchase this entire arsenal of equipment? The answer is obvious, especially for some people who are interested in electronics on occasion (for the individual production of some useful devices for household purposes), the purchase of such a quantity of tools is not required. The way out of this situation is quite simple - make necessary tool with my own hands. These homemade products will serve as a temporary (and for some, permanent) alternative to factory equipment.
So let's get started. The basis of our device is a network step-down transformer from any old radio-electronic device (TV, tape recorder, stationary radio, etc.). May also be useful power cord, fuse block and power switch.

Next, we need to equip our power supply with an adjustable voltage stabilizer. Since the design is designed to be repeated by beginning radio amateurs, the most rational, in my opinion, would be to use an integrated stabilizer on a microcircuit like LM317T (K142EN12A). Based on this microcircuit we will assemble adjustable stabilizer voltage from 1.2 to 30 volts full current loads up to 1.5 amperes and protection against overcurrent and overtemperature. Schematic diagram stabilizer is shown in the figure.

You can assemble the stabilizer circuit on a piece of non-foil fiberglass (or electrical cardboard) hinged installation or on a breadboard - the circuit is so simple that it doesn't even require a printed circuit board.

A voltmeter can be connected to the output of the stabilizer (parallel to the terminals) for monitoring and adjustment output voltage, and(series with the positive terminal) milliammeter, for monitoring the current consumption of a homemade amateur radio connected to the stabilizer.

Another necessary thing in the arsenal of a beginning radio amateur is a microelectric drill. As you know, in the arsenal of any (beginner or experienced) home-made worker there is a “warehouse” of obsolete or faulty equipment. It would be good if in such a “warehouse” there is a children’s car with an electric drive, the micromotor from which will serve as an electric motor for our microdrill. You just need to measure the diameter of the motor shaft and purchase a cartridge with a set of collet clamps (for drills) at the nearest radio store different diameters) for this micromotor. The resulting microdrill can be connected to our power supply. By adjusting the voltage, you can regulate the number of revolutions of the drill.

Next necessary thing- low-voltage soldering iron with galvanic isolation from the network (for soldering field effect transistors and microcircuits that are afraid of static discharge). Low-voltage soldering irons for 6, 12, 24, 48 volts are available for sale, and if the transformer that we chose for our product is from an old tube TV, then we can consider ourselves very lucky - we already have a ready-made winding for powering a low-voltage electric soldering iron (you should use filament windings (6 volts) of the transformer for powering the soldering iron). The use of a transformer from a tube TV gives another advantage to our circuit - we can also equip our device with a tool for stripping the ends of the wire.

The basis of this device is two contact blocks, between which a nichrome wire and a button with normally open contacts. The technical design of this device can be seen from the figure. It is connected to the same filament winding of the transformer. When you press the button, the nichrome heats up (everyone probably remembers what a burner is) and burns through the wire insulation in the right place.

The housing for this power supply can be found ready-made or assembled yourself. If you make it from metal and provide ventilation holes only on the bottom and sides, then on top you can place stands for a soldering iron and wire stripping tool. Switching of this entire equipment can be done using a packet switch, a system of toggle switches or connectors - there are no limits to the imagination here.

However, you can modernize this block to suit your needs - supplement, for example, charger for batteries or electric spark engraver, etc. This device served me long years and still serves (though now at the dacha) for the manufacture and testing of various radio-electronic and electrical homemade products. Author: Elektrodych.

So. Life has turned out in such a way that I have a house in the village with gas heating. It is not possible to live there permanently. The house is used as a summer house. For a couple of winters I stupidly left the boiler on with the minimum coolant temperature.
But there are two disadvantages.
1. Gas bills are astronomical.
2. If there is a need to come to the house in the middle of winter, the temperature in the house is around 12 degrees.
Therefore, it was necessary to invent something.
I'll clarify right away. Availability of point WI-FI access Mandatory in the relay coverage area. But, I think, if you get confused, you can put a connected mobile phone next to the sensor and give out a signal from the phone.

Connecting a 4-pin motion sensor with your own hands (diagram)

DIY motion sensor connection diagram

It happens that you need to install lighting in your dacha or in your home. will be triggered by movement or a person or someone else.

A motion sensor, which I ordered from Aliexpress, works well with this function. The link to which will be below. By connecting light through a motion sensor, when a person passes through his field of vision, the light turns on and stays on for 1 minute. and turns off again.

In this article I’ll tell you how to connect such a sensor if it doesn’t have 3 contacts, but 4 like this one.

DIY power supply from an energy-saving light bulb

When to get 12 Volt for LED strip , or for some other purpose, there is an option to make such a power supply with your own hands.

DIY fan speed controller

This regulator allows for smooth adjustment variable resistor fan speed.

Speed ​​controller circuit floor fan turned out to be the simplest. To fit into the case from the old charger Nokia phone. The terminals from a regular electrical outlet also fit in there.

The installation is quite tight, but this was due to the size of the case..

DIY plant lighting

DIY plant lighting

There may be a problem with lack of lighting plants, flowers or seedlings, and there is a need for artificial light for them, and this is the kind of light we can provide on LEDs with your own hands.

DIY brightness control

DIY brightness control

It all started with the fact that after I installed at home halogen lamps for lighting. When turned on, they often burned out. Sometimes even 1 light bulb a day. Therefore, I decided to make a smooth switching on of the lighting based on a brightness control with my own hands, and I am attaching a diagram of the brightness control.

DIY refrigerator thermostat

DIY refrigerator thermostat

It all started when I returned from work and opened the refrigerator to find it warm. Turning the thermostat control did not help - the cold did not appear. So I decided not to buy new block, which is also rare, and make an electronic thermostat yourself on the ATtiny85. The difference with the original thermostat is that the temperature sensor is on the shelf and not hidden in the wall. In addition, 2 LEDs appeared - they signal that the unit is turned on or the temperature is above the upper threshold.

DIY soil moisture sensor

DIY soil moisture sensor

This device can be used for automatic watering in greenhouses, flower conservatories, flower beds and indoor plants. Below is a diagram that can be used to make the simplest sensor(detector) of soil moisture (or dryness) with your own hands. When the soil dries out, voltage is applied with a current of up to 90 mA, which is quite enough, turn on the relay.

It is also suitable for automatically turning on drip irrigation to avoid excess moisture.

Fluorescent lamp power supply circuit

Power supply circuit for a fluorescent lamp.

Often when it fails energy saving lamps, in it burns power supply circuit, and not the lamp itself. As is known, LDS with burnt filaments, it is necessary to supply the network with rectified current using a starterless starting device. In this case, the filaments of the lamp are shunted with a jumper and to which the high voltage to turn on the lamp. There is an instantaneous cold ignition of the lamp, with a sharp increase in voltage across it, upon start-up without preheating the electrodes. In this article we will look at starting an LDS lamp with your own hands.

USB keyboard for tablet

USB keyboard for tablet

Somehow, suddenly, I took something and decided to buy a new keyboard for my PC. The desire for novelty is irresistible. Changed the background color from white to black, and the letter color from red-black to white. After a week, the desire for novelty naturally disappeared like water into sand ( old friend better than the new two) and the new thing was sent to the closet for storage - until better times. And now they came for her, she didn’t even imagine that it would happen so quickly. And therefore the name would be even better suited not which is, but how to connect a usb keyboard to a tablet.

Those who do radio electronics at home are usually very inquisitive. Amateur radio circuits and homemade products will help you find a new direction in creativity. Perhaps someone will find it for themselves original solution one problem or another. Some homemade products are already used ready-made devices, connecting them in various ways. For others, you need to completely create the circuit yourself and make the necessary adjustments.

One of the most simple homemade products. More suitable for those who are just starting to craft. If you have an old but working cell phone push-button telephone with a button to turn on the player, you can make it, for example, door bell to your room. The advantages of such a call:

First you need to make sure that the selected phone is capable of producing a sufficiently loud melody, after which it must be completely disassembled. Basically, the parts are secured with screws or staples, which are carefully folded back. When disassembling, you will need to remember what goes with what, so that you can put everything back together later.

The player's power button is unsoldered on the board, and two short wires are soldered in its place. These wires are then glued to the board so the solder doesn't come off. The phone is going. All that remains is to connect the phone to the call button via a two-wire wire.

Homemade products for cars

Modern cars are equipped with everything you need. However, there are times when it is simply necessary homemade devices. For example, something broke, they gave it to a friend, and the like. That’s when the ability to create electronics with your own hands at home will be very useful.

The first thing you can tamper with without fear of damaging your car is the battery. If in right moment There was no charger for the battery at hand; you can quickly assemble it yourself. To do this you will need:

A transformer from a tube TV is ideal. Therefore, those who are interested in homemade electronics never throw away electrical appliances in the hope that they will be needed someday. Unfortunately, two types of transformers were used: with one and with two coils. To charge a battery at 6 volts, any will do, but for 12 volts only two.

On wrapping paper such a transformer shows the terminals of the windings, the voltage for each winding and the operating current. To power the filaments of electronic lamps, a voltage of 6.3 V with a high current is used. The transformer can be remade by removing the extra secondary windings, or you can leave everything as is. In this case, the primary and secondary windings are connected in series. Each primary is rated at 127 V, so combining them produces 220 V. The secondary are connected in series to produce an output of 12.6 V.

Diodes must withstand a current of at least 10 A. Each diode requires a radiator with an area of ​​at least 25 square centimeters. They are connected into a diode bridge. Any electrical insulating plate is suitable for fastening. A 0.5 A fuse is included in the primary circuit, and a 10 A fuse in the secondary circuit. The device does not tolerate short circuit, so when connecting the battery, do not confuse the polarity.

Simple heaters

In the cold season, it may be necessary to warm up the engine. If the car is parked where it is electricity, this problem can be solved using a heat gun. To make it you will need:

• asbestos pipe;
• nichrome wire;
• fan;
• switch.

Diameter asbestos pipe selected according to the size of the fan that will be used. The performance of the heater will depend on its power. The length of the pipe is everyone's preference. You can collect it a heating element and a fan, only a heater is possible. When choosing last option we'll have to figure out how to let it in air flow to the heating element. This can be done, for example, by placing all components in a sealed housing.

Nichrome wire is also selected according to the fan. The more powerful the latter, the larger diameter nichrome can be used. The wire is twisted into a spiral and placed inside the pipe. For fastening, bolts are used that are inserted into the drilled holes in the pipe. The length of the spiral and their number are selected empirically. It is advisable that the coil does not become red hot when the fan is running.

The choice of fan will determine what voltage needs to be supplied to the heater. When using a 220 V electric fan, you will not need to use an additional power source.

The entire heater is connected to the network via a cord with a plug, but it itself must have its own switch. It can be either just a toggle switch or an automatic machine. The second option is more preferable; it allows you to protect the general network. To do this, the operation current of the machine must be less than the operation current of the room machine. A switch is also needed to quickly turn off the heater in case of problems, for example, if the fan does not work. This heater has its disadvantages:

• harmful to the body from asbestos pipes;
• noise from a running fan;
• smell from dust falling on the heated coil;
• fire hazard.

Some problems can be solved by using another homemade product. Instead of an asbestos pipe, you can use a coffee can. To prevent the spiral from closing on the jar, it is attached to a textolite frame, which is fixed with glue. A cooler is used as a fan. To power it, you will need to collect another electronic device- a small rectifier.

Homemade products bring those who do them not only satisfaction, but also benefits. With their help, you can save energy, for example, by turning off electrical appliances that you forgot to turn off. A time relay can be used for this purpose.

The simplest way to create a time-setting element is to use the charging or discharging time of a capacitor through a resistor. Such a chain is included in the base of the transistor. The circuit will require the following parts:

• high-capacity electrolytic capacitor;
• transistor p-n-p type;
• electromagnetic relay;
• diode;
• variable resistor;
• fixed resistors;
• DC source.

First you need to determine what current will be switched through the relay. If the load is very powerful, you will need to connect it. magnetic switch. The starter coil can be connected via a relay. It is important that the relay contacts can operate freely without sticking. Based on the selected relay, a transistor is selected and it is determined what current and voltage it can operate with. You can focus on KT973A.

The base of the transistor is connected through a limiting resistor to a capacitor, which, in turn, is connected through a bipolar switch. The free contact of the switch is connected through a resistor to the power supply negative. This is necessary to discharge the capacitor. The resistor acts as a current limiter.

The capacitor itself is connected to the positive bus of the power source through a variable resistor with high resistance. By selecting the capacitance of the capacitor and the resistance of the resistor, you can change the delay time interval. The relay coil is shunted by a diode, which turns on in the opposite direction. This circuit uses KD 105 B. It closes the circuit when the relay is de-energized, protecting the transistor from breakdown.

The scheme works as follows. In the initial state, the base of the transistor is disconnected from the capacitor, and the transistor is closed. When the switch is turned on, the base is connected to the discharged capacitor, the transistor opens and supplies voltage to the relay. The relay operates, closes its contacts and supplies voltage to the load.

The capacitor begins to charge through a resistor connected to the positive terminal of the power source. As the capacitor charges, the base voltage begins to rise. At a certain voltage value, the transistor closes, de-energizing the relay. The relay switches off the load. In order for the circuit to work again, you need to discharge the capacitor; to do this, switch the switch.