Pyrolysis boilers for all types of fuel. Long-burning pyrolysis boiler - features. Advantages of pyrolysis boilers

Heating houses with solid fuel boilers is quite common in small populated areas, where there is still no gas. In most cases, the most common firewood or fuel briquettes are used as fuel.

The disadvantage of such boilers is that they force many approaches to add new portions of fuel. Long-burning pyrolysis boilers are devoid of not only this drawback, but also some others - we’ll talk about this as part of our review.

Features of pyrolysis boilers

Traditional wood-burning boilers are annoying because they require constant monitoring. That is, every 2-3 hours you need to add more and more fuel to them, otherwise the pipes in the house will become cold. It’s especially difficult at night, when instead of a restful sleep, household members receive headache in the form of cooling heating. On the one hand, sleeping cool is good for your health. On the other hand, greeting the morning with your teeth chattering desperately is not very pleasant.

Classic boilers for heating a home have another important drawback - low efficiency. The fuel in them burns very quickly, most of the heat simply evaporates into the atmosphere. Along with it, combustion products containing flammable gases fly into the air. They can be used to obtain additional portions of heat - this is what happens in long-term combustion pyrolysis boilers.

As you already understand, solid fuel pyrolysis heating boilers are free from both of the above disadvantages. They are equipped with spacious fireboxes, burning solid fuel according to a slightly different principle. Here are their main features:

The operating principle of a solid fuel pyrolysis boiler is very simple. This drawing, although it does not cover all the nuances, conveys the essence of the technology in full.

• Large firebox volume – up to several tens of liters. Thanks to this, the frequency of approaches for laying fuel is reduced several times;
• Pyrolysis combustion principle - allows you to get much more thermal energy from the same amount of firewood;
• Quite large in size - in fact there are two fireboxes. In one, wood burns slowly, and in the second, combustion products released from the wood are burned;
• Low combustion temperature – reduces the thermal load on the metal.

Long-burning pyrolysis boilers are somewhat more complicated than their traditional counterparts, but they provide significant fuel savings.

It should be understood that due to complex design, often containing elements of automation, pyrolysis boilers differ at a high price. Therefore, the initial cost of purchasing them may seem large. But in the future they will definitely justify themselves.

Operating principle

Now we will try to understand how a long-burning pyrolysis boiler works and how it works. The principle of operation is very simple and at the same time complex. Pyrolysis is described in school course physics – being exposed to heat in confined space, wood emits flammable gases that can be set on fire to produce heat. In fact, there is no direct combustion of wood in such an experiment.

In long-burning pyrolysis boilers, wood still burns, but with limited air supply. You could say it's a slow burn. Having flared up, the tree begins to release flammable gases, which burn in the afterburner. In total, we get two sources of heat - burning wood and burning wood gas. The effect of such staged combustion is felt in the form of fuel savings of up to 40%.

Wood gas in long-term combustion pyrolysis boilers is formed as a result of slow smoldering of fuel. At the same time, the equipment heats the air, which, together with wood gas, is supplied to the afterburner chamber. There the mixture ignites and burns, producing a large amount of heat. At the same time, the amount of harmful emissions, compared to traditional boilers, is extremely small.

Thus, a pyrolysis boiler is a direct saving of fuel, since a larger amount of heat can be released from the same portion of firewood. Instead of 10 cubic meters of firewood per winter period it may take only 6-7 cubic meters. At the same time, users will not need to add new portions of firewood to the insatiable firebox every 2-3 hours.

Long-burning pyrolysis boilers are available in several modifications:

Despite the low combustion rate of the fuel, the released porylysis gases are capable of inflating the flame to a similar bright white-yellow color.

• Non-volatile - they operate on natural draft and are controlled mechanically;
• Energy-dependent - here pyrolysis occurs using forced draft. Due to this, combustion efficiency increases;
• With different locations of the afterburning chamber - it can be located above or below the combustion chamber. Modifications with a sequential arrangement of cameras are also available for sale.

There are many modifications, but in general the device and principle of operation are almost no different.

Energy-dependent long-burning pyrolysis boilers are good because they often contain automation, which can control the power of the equipment and the intensity of combustion, focusing on the temperature of the coolant or the temperature in the rooms.

Long-term combustion in pyrolysis boilers is ensured by two factors at once. The first factor is the low burning/smoldering rate of wood. The second factor is the large volume of the combustion chamber. For example, there are pyrolysis boilers on sale with a firebox volume of 50 liters or even more. It is not surprising that the frequency of approaches to load fuel is reduced to 1-2 times a day.

Advantages and disadvantages

Pyrolysis boilers have a number of advantages over their traditional counterparts. But they also have some disadvantages. Let's discuss all their pros and cons:

• Profitability - it varies from 10 to 40%, depending on the model, combustion intensity and air temperature outside the window;
• Long burning – you can add fuel only 1-2 times a day. For example, morning and evening. The house will be warm at any time of the day;
• Environmentally friendly - firewood burns almost completely, with minimal release of combustion products;
• Almost complete extraction of heat into the heating system - the temperature of the exhaust gases here is lower than in traditional boilers;
• In long-burning pyrolysis boilers, they are often implemented various mechanisms power control - they work by adjusting the intensity of fuel smoldering and gas supply to the afterburner chamber.

There are also disadvantages:

Due to its impressive dimensions, you will have to find a lot to place the boiler free space. The basement and attic are the most promising options.

• Expensive - user reviews say that long-burning pyrolysis boilers are very convenient, economical and practical. But the initial costs of purchasing them are extremely high (most true for powerful energy-dependent models);
• Energy dependence - such units are more efficient, but require connection to the electrical network (the total electricity consumption is low, but in its absence, work will be difficult or completely impossible);
• Large dimensions - long-burning pyrolysis boilers are noticeably larger than any other solid fuel units.

The disadvantages are not the most serious, some of them can be neglected. But you have to come to terms with the high cost.

Fuel used

We have already said that long-burning pyrolysis boilers operate on wood. This is a fairly common and inexpensive type of fuel. In some cases, firewood can be obtained completely free of charge. But these boilers can operate on many other types of solid fuel. For example, in some stores we can buy a pellet pyrolysis boiler. He works for fuel pellets on the same principle as the above-described units.

The main advantages of pellet models are automated fuel supply (implemented in some units) and low ash content of the fuel.

You can also purchase a coal-fired pyrolysis boiler. It will delight you with long burning and high efficiency. Coal boilers work on the same principle of operation, producing flammable gas from coal. Due to the powerful calorific value, the frequency of approaches for adding fuel is lower than when using long-burning wood-burning pyrolysis boilers.

Popular models

Popov's pyrolysis boiler is a simple energy-independent unit made of steel. The design turned out to be so successful that many craftsmen copy it, assembling heating equipment with their own hands. The presented boiler is omnivorous; it can burn almost any solid fuel. And the impressive firebox of gigantic volume allows you to count on almost 24 hours continuous burning. In this case, the fuel burns almost completely, forming a minimum of components harmful to nature.

One of the advantages of this pyrolysis boiler is the ability to add logs custom size(up to 75 cm in low-power models, up to 240 cm in the most productive units), which ensures long-lasting combustion. Maximum power equipment is 1000 kW, the minimum is only 25 kW. Depending on the selected operating mode, the efficiency of the device varies from 75 to 95%.

Geyser boilers

Equipment from the manufacturer of the same name is represented by two lines - household and industrial. Long-burning Geyser household pyrolysis boilers have a power of 10 to 50 kW. They can operate on any solid fuel, characterized by a high efficiency index. The firebox volume of the smallest model is 40 liters. The equipment is non-volatile and is characterized by extreme ease of operation and unpretentiousness.

Buderus boilers

Long-burning solid fuel pyrolysis boiler Buderus Logano G221-20 from the famous Buderus brand is an excellent purchase for heating your home. Its power is 20 kW, thanks to which it can heat rooms up to 200 square meters. m. The control here is mechanical; connection to a source of electricity is not required. The heat exchanger here is made of cast iron - this affects the cost of the model, but makes it durable and resistant to corrosion. True, the efficiency of the heating unit is only 78%.

Its closest analogue is the more advanced long-burning pyrolysis boiler Buderus Logano S171-22 W. It has a high efficiency of 87%. The use of forced draft is responsible for this - inside we will find a small fan. Another difference is the steel heat exchanger. This does not add reliability, but it does make the equipment more affordable. Average fuel consumption is about 6 kg/hour.

Boilers Bastion

Long-burning Basting pyrolysis solid fuel boilers of the M-KST series are non-volatile equipment that runs on wood and other types of solid fuel. The line has been in production for 3 years and is characterized by a low quantity negative reviews. The youngest model has a power of 12 kW, the oldest – 50 kW. The boilers are equipped with powerful cast iron heat exchangers, the minimum firebox volume is 40 liters. The advantages are reliable design and affordable cost.

Video

Each of us wants our home to be warm and comfortable. But this cannot be achieved without good heating.

There are many ways to warm up a room. Each of them has both its advantages and disadvantages. One of the most common and popular heating devices are long-burning pyrolysis solid fuel boilers.

They are widely represented on the heating device market and are in considerable demand. Exists a large number of brands and models of domestic and foreign designs, which differ from each other mainly in performance characteristics and cost. (You can read a review of modern pyrolysis boilers).

In addition, as reviews from solid fuel owners show, domestic brands are often superior to foreign ones in performance, reliability and durability, but at the same time their price is significantly lower.

Device and principle of operation

Construction of a pyrolysis boiler. (Click to enlarge)

The main difference between long-burning pyrolysis boilers and conventional furnaces and direct combustion boilers is that after igniting the fuel, you should wait until its entire volume ignites, and the boiler switches to operating mode and the air access becomes much smaller.

For this reason, only a small part of the fuel will burn. The heat that is released is sufficient for the gradual decomposition of the remaining fuel and the release of pyrolysis gas. By the way, you can make one yourself. (Read about making a pyrolysis boiler yourself).

Keep in mind: for self-production you will need not only everything necessary components, but also practical experience, tools, skills and detailed drawing. But, as experience shows, the easiest way is to purchase a finished product.

Fuel types

Aspen euro firewood

One of the most positive properties pyrolysis boilers is that they are able to operate efficiently using any solid fuel.

This can be black and brown coal, as well as wood and peat, etc.

Of course, with each of these types of fuel, a pyrolysis boiler is capable of operating for a certain time until it completely burns out.

The combustion times of different fuels are as follows:

• brown coal – 8 hours;
• hardwood – 6 hours;
• soft wood – 5 hours;
• black coal – 10 hours.

Observations show that dry wood is the most effective. With a length of 45-65 centimeters, it allows the boiler to function most efficiently and increases its operating time.

But if these types of fuel are not available, any type of fossil fuel can be used.

Of course, if it is approved for use in such a boiler.

Permitted fuel types include:

• briquettes and pellets for heating;
• wood waste;
• industrial waste containing cellulose;
• some types of peat.

When heating, it is necessary to take into account that if the flow of primary and secondary air is selected correctly, and the air humidity is not higher than permissible, then no by-products will be released during combustion.

Be careful: if the humidity is high, then the release of strong water vapor is inevitable, which means that tar and soot will inevitably appear, the calorific characteristics of the gas will deteriorate and the boiler may fail.

Varieties

Pyrolysis boiler with overhead chamber

The main difference between these boilers is the location of the afterburning compartment. It can be at the top or bottom. When choosing a boiler, there are many factors to consider. You can purchase, for example, a cast iron boiler or a double-circuit one. It all depends on how much area it will heat.

Boilers with a chamber at the top. They are the most popular, convenient and easy to use. This is due to the fact that the fuel is in the upper chamber, and the exhaust gas is removed through a pipe that is located below.

But there is also a drawback - this type of boiler will have to be regularly cleaned of ash, since the ash ends up in the afterburning compartment.

Boilers with a chamber at the bottom. Despite the fact that boilers with this design are less common and convenient, they have some advantages. First of all, this is a rare need to clean ash, because it does not end up in the afterburning compartment. Also, the released gas rises and immediately, using a nozzle, enters the chimney, where it is cooled. Thanks to this, there is no need to use a large amount of materials to construct the chimney.

Pros and cons of operation

According to numerous reviews from owners of pyrolysis solid fuel boilers, they have the following advantages:

1. Due to the fact that the fuel is burned in two stages, there is a significant increase in efficiency.
2. The burning time is approximately three times longer than in a conventional oven and is approximately 12 hours.
3. There is virtually no waste, since the fuel burns completely, and boilers do not need to be cleaned too often.
4. You can use not only chopped, but also unchopped logs for heating.
5. When installing a pyrolysis boiler, there is no need for significant change heating system.
6. The boiler is highly environmentally friendly.

Disadvantages of a pyrolysis solid fuel boiler:

1. To operate the boiler, electricity must be available, since a fan must be installed for the smoke exhauster.
2. High price.
3. The moisture content of firewood should not exceed the norm of 25%.
4. The high load must be constant and fuel must be added frequently. If the load decreases, tar begins to accumulate in the chimney.

Due to their versatility and excellent performance characteristics, long-burning solid fuel pyrolysis boilers are becoming increasingly widespread and becoming more popular. Despite high cost, they will quickly pay for themselves and fill your home with warmth and comfort.

Watch the video with a detailed review from a real owner of a long-burning solid fuel pyrolysis boiler:

Pyrolysis boilers with and without a water circuit are highly efficient equipment for high-quality and quick heating of premises. Hi-tech underlying manufacturing, absolute safety, high heating speed and other advantages distinguish these devices into a separate group of modern heating devices, which have already managed to occupy a worthy niche in the market, acquire a wide audience of fans and positive reviews.

The essence of pyrolysis

Firewood placed in the boiler chamber gradually burns and smolders. When there is insufficient oxygen, in addition to heat, smoke and a certain amount of flammable gases are formed. Unlike wood fuel, anthracite consists almost entirely of carbon, which suggests a lesser heating effect and the release of only carbon monoxide. The composition of firewood is largely dominated by cellulose (carbohydrates) and contains a decent amount of water, so this type of fuel emits a wide variety of substances.

The combustion time of the gases is minimal, and practically no soot is formed during the combustion process, which has a positive effect on the efficiency of the heating device. To activate the process of gas evolution, the boiler should be warmed up well. Most often, a special design is used for this. Despite the fact that gas generator boilers are slightly more expensive than conventional boilers solid fuel models, but these costs will more than pay off in the near future.

Design and principle of operation

The boiler design includes 2 chambers: the lower one is intended for pyrolysis, and the upper one is for combustion of gases released during the combustion process. Since all processes occur under the influence of high temperatures, all elements and the boiler body must be made of heat-resistant materials. Most often, manufacturers resort to cast iron due to its super strength, good resistance to corrosion and temperature effects. You can often find boilers made of steel, which heat up very quickly and also cool down quickly. Such designs provide for the presence of a special ceramic coating, which protects steel from burning.

The operating principle of a pyrolysis boiler is the process of generating pyrolysis gas from solid wood at temperature conditions from 200ºС to 800ºС and a lack of oxygen and subsequent afterburning of the released gases, which are mixed with secondary air already in the afterburning compartment.

For this:

• solid fuel resources are placed in the loading chamber;
• using the regulator, the combustion mode is selected and set, upon reaching which the boiler performs the functions of a furnace;
• after the combustion compartment is sufficiently warmed up, the regulator switches to the pyrolysis mode. At this moment, the access of air is blocked, which is why the wood gradually smolderes and the space is filled with a large amount of carbon dioxide;

• the gas moves into the second chamber, which is usually located at the top of the boiler, but in some models it may be at the bottom;
• mixing with oxygen, the gaseous substance is burned, and an additional volume of heat is released, which warms the room.

Important! Since long-burning pyrolysis boilers with a water circuit for domestic use are modern and efficient heating devices, they provide the ability to easily and effectively control the combustion process. In addition, they solve the problem of creating favorable conditions for the formation of the maximum amount of released gases and heat.

Fuel

Equally productively, solid fuel boilers can operate on any solid fuel - it can be peat, coal (both black and brown), ordinary wood, fuel briquettes. Since all the mentioned raw materials have their own distinctive features and quality, then and time complete combustion They are also excellent. For example, the combustion period of soft wood is 5 hours, hard wood is 8 hours, and the combustion time of coal is already 10 hours.

In this regard, the opinion of experts is also interesting: they all unanimously claim the high productivity of boilers operating specifically on hard and dry wood. To achieve maximum performance, good heating of the room and long-term trouble-free operation of the equipment, it is recommended to use dry firewood, the length of which does not exceed 60 cm, and the humidity is 20%.

Important! The color of pyrolysis gas is almost white, with no by-products should not be formed during combustion. However, if excessively high humidity solid fuel, the appearance of tar, soot, sharp decrease calorific function of the equipment and even its spontaneous attenuation.

Comparing wood and other solid fuel raw materials, which can only be used for the uninterrupted operation of a pyrolysis boiler, with gas, one can note the availability and environmental friendliness of the former, the high cost, and in some cases the impossibility of constructing a gas pipeline.

As for solid fuel, there is plenty of it in every Russian region, and to transport it you will only need a highway and a spacious vehicle. For many residents rural areas pyrolysis boilers running on solid fuel resources are a real salvation.

Advantages of pyrolysis boilers

Before purchasing and installing such heating equipment, you should carefully identify and analyze all the pros and cons of a particular model or type of boiler.

Thus, a long-burning pyrolysis boiler has a number of undeniable advantages compared to other heating devices:

• the fuel consumed is affordable and freely available;
• high efficiency when using firewood and quick heating of the room, regardless of its size;
• high rate of heating of the coolant;
• long-term operation with one loading cycle;
• accessible functionality and simple adjustment of combustion intensity;

• ease of maintenance;
• good stability and long-term, maintenance-free operation;
• ease of installation of the pyrolysis boiler, no need to lay and connect the pipeline;
• heat loss is very insignificant;
• easy cleaning of equipment due to formation minimum quantity ash in the chamber and chimney during operation;
• The minimum volume of emissions allows not to pollute the environment.

Long-burning pyrolysis boilers, unfortunately, are not without their drawbacks. One of the main disadvantages is the price of the device. Regardless of the manufacturer and design features of pyrolysis boilers, they are all somewhat more expensive than other solid fuel appliances.

In addition, these boilers are single-circuit devices that are not intended for heating water for domestic needs. Another disadvantage, which was already mentioned earlier, is the sensitivity of the equipment to wood moisture: at high humidity levels, the efficiency and operating efficiency of the device may decrease. It is impossible not to note the impressive size of the unit. And finally, regulation of combustion intensity is possible only in manual mode, full automatic not provided.

Operating efficiency factors of pyrolysis boilers

The performance of heating equipment, the efficiency and speed of heating the premises, in addition to fuel resources and their humidity, are influenced by the following factors:

• room temperature;
• temperature level to be achieved;
• presence (absence) and quality of building insulation;
• specifics of the current heating system.

How to choose a suitable boiler

If you have the opportunity to inexpensively buy or prepare wood in advance, then you can safely and without doubting the high performance of the work for a long time, buy and install a long-burning pyrolysis boiler at home.

If you are not at all sure of this possibility, then we recommend paying attention to a boiler whose firebox combines 80% pyrolysis compression of solid fuel resources and 20% conventional. These devices are considered combined, since they allow high-quality combustion of not only traditional firewood, but also wood and coal waste, peat waste, as well as any other fuel mixture whose humidity is less than 50%. Such a combined heating device is capable of burning about 80% of solid fuel in pyrolysis mode, and the remaining 20% ​​in the mode of the most ordinary boiler, which runs on solid fuel resources.

When purchasing a boiler, be sure to visually assess the volume of the loading chamber. The best option will become a device whose loading capacity will be able to accommodate wood 65 cm long. The coating of the chambers is also important: the presence of ceramic concrete guarantees the integrity of the compartments at maximum heating, protects the walls from burnout and ensures the necessary combustion of raw materials.

Attention! Check out the technical characteristics of the equipment you like. Special attention Pay attention to the duration of combustion of fuel resources: the average combustion duration should not be less than 10 hours.

Operation of a pyrolysis boiler: video

Pyrolysis boilers for heating: photo

Pyrolysis is widely used in various industries. This chemical process is in demand and for heating living areas.

Pyrolysis occurs with any type of solid raw material:

• Firewood.
• Small branches or sawdust.
• Briquettes.
• Peat.
• Brown coal.
• Pellets.
• Coke.

However, the pyrolysis unit operates most efficiently on fuel with a high level of volatile substances - wood 80-100 mm thick. Pellets or wood waste are used together with them.

Attention! It is not advisable to use only sawdust or pellets - with them the boiler does not produce heat or Efficiency is reduced to a minimum.

Pyrolysis boiler: what does it mean, its structure

Design pyrolysis boiler as follows:

1. Chimney.
2. Control block.
3. Loading hopper.
4. Nozzle.
5. The combustion chamber.
6. Heat exchanger.

A heating boiler based on pyrolysis is a two-chamber unit - this is its feature. home chemical reaction in these chambers:

1. Loading chamber or gasification chamber. Here the preliminary thermal decomposition of the raw material occurs. Organic matter under the influence of high temperatures turns into a flammable gas. To maintain smoldering, primary air is directed into the chamber. Burning at temperature 300–800 °C.

Photo 1. Fuel loading chamber in a pyrolysis boiler. Interior decoration made with fireclay bricks.

1. The combustion chamber. After smoldering, the released air and gas enter here. Here the resulting gas burns like ordinary natural gas. Temperature on average 1200 °C. It is at this stage that a lot of heat is released, which is necessary for heating. At the same time there is a strong aerodynamic drag, therefore, forced draft is necessary, the role of which is played by a smoke exhauster.

Two spaces between cameras divides the grate, into which fuel is loaded. There it is set on fire and the smoke exhauster is started. The grate prevents heat from escaping from the upper loading chamber and provides an easy flow of primary air.

Pyrolysis furnaces equipped with traction switches, which ignite the fuel. Thus, at the beginning of ignition, the boiler functions as a direct combustion device, and after closing the valve it switches to pyrolysis.

Types of pyrolysis devices, characteristics

Boilers based on pyrolysis differ in their structure. So, there are:

• Afterburner chamber on top. Rarely seen. The advantages of the design are that the flue gas passes freely into the afterburning chamber, and after combustion it immediately enters the chimney for further cooling. Among the disadvantages is that the location of the smoke system is uneconomical, since initially more consumables are required to manufacture such a structure.

Photo 2. Pyrolysis boiler with a lower afterburner chamber. The arrows indicate the components of the device.

• Afterburner chamber from below. The most common and most comfortable type of construction. It is convenient for the user to lay firewood, since the camera is not on the floor. The chamber also has direct access to the lower chimney, and from there to the chimney. However similar design also has its drawbacks. So, ash from the loading compartment clogs the second chamber, so it is cleaned more often. In addition, it is necessary to provide increased draft so that the smoke moves downwards.

As well as pyrolysis boilers differ in the type of traction used:

1. Natural cravings. No electrician required. However, for operation you need a fairly high chimney with powerful natural draft, which will be expensive.
2. Forced boost and traction. The boiler becomes energy-dependent, however, the speed of reaching the operating mode increases. Such a unit is equipped with fans and smoke exhausters, which are controlled automatically - the dependence on weather conditions and combustion efficiency increases. This type of firebox can work with maximum level Efficiency throughout 4-5 hours, and this 20% more than that of a boiler with natural draft.

According to the heating method, there are two types pyrolysis devices:

• For water heating. The coolant is water, which is heated in a heat exchanger and then poured through pipes into radiators. The temperature is maintained through constant circulation.
• For air heating. In domestic conditions it is used much less often. Often used for heating outbuildings or in production. Thermal energy distributed indoors using warm air masses. They heat up as a result of the combustion of raw materials. Heat is distributed through aluminum pipes and superchargers. This system is controlled automatically, so the owner can easily configure it to suit his needs.

You might also be interested in:

How to choose such a device

When choosing a unit based on pyrolysis pay attention to its key characteristics:

Case quality. Previously, the firebox body was made primarily of cast iron.

Manufacturers are now producing all-welded housings made of sheet material.

The main thing here is its thickness.

It depends on the boiler power:

• 15-65 kW: internal structures 5 mm, external - 4 mm;
• 75—110 kW: internal - 6 mm, external - 5 mm;
• 135-195 kW: inside - 8 mm, outside - 6 mm;
• 200 kW or more: internal components - 10 mm, external - 8 mm.

Power. This indicator depends on the heated area. There are many methods for determining power. The simplest and most optimal among them is to take as a basis 1 kW per 10 square meters heated area.

Experts recommend the unit with 10% power reserve. So, for placement on 120 square meters suitable boiler for 16 kW. If the area of ​​the territory 160 square meters, the power of the device must be at least 18 kW, and further on the same principle.

Reference. If the ceiling height in the heated room exceeds 3m, For each additional meter the boiler power is added by 1-3%.

Energy efficiency. Indicates the ratio of useful heat that was consumed to the volume of raw materials consumed. This indicator depends mainly on the fuel. Thus, for effective heating, only dry Consumables.

However, they also take into account the volume of the loading chamber, which holds firewood. up to 60-65 cm. Besides, both cameras covered with special layer of ceramic concrete— it maintains a suitable temperature inside. As a result, fuel is burned more efficiently and effectively.

Important! The optimal boiler is one that provides at least 10 continuous hours of burning raw materials and serves uninterruptedly throughout 20 years.

Price. Pyrolysis boilers are more expensive than other types of heating boilers. However, there are options here too. Yes, domestic 2-3 times cheaper imported, but their characteristics are not inferior to their foreign counterparts.

Pros of use

• Duration of combustion.

After one bookmark, such a device works smoothly till 12 o'clock, that is, it has to be loaded 2 times less often than other solid fuel boilers.

However, it all depends on the type: a regular firebox with wood works about 4 hours and with upper combustion - on average 30 hours on wood and 5-7 days on coal.

This effect is ensured due to controlled combustion process. In many modern models automatic regulation of work. The duration of combustion also depends on the volume of living space, air temperature indoors and outdoors, the design of the unit and its power.

• Efficiency 85—90%.

• Complete combustion of raw materials.

Less consumption of raw materials, It is less necessary to clean the gas ducts and ash pan.

• Environmental friendliness.

The smoldering of wood or similar fuels releases 3 times less harmful substances than in other solid fuel boilers. In addition, harmful emissions into the atmosphere are minimized under the influence of hot temperature in the upper chamber.

• Economical.

Even large, unsplit wood is suitable for burning. In addition, two-chamber combustion reduces excess air in the exhaust gas, which also increases savings. Compared to other types of solid fuel boilers, the efficiency of pyrolysis units is higher by 5-8%.

Minuses

1. Energy dependence. Most often, such boilers cannot operate without a smoke exhauster. For forced traction, a system with a generator is required. The fan uses electricity of at least 80-100 W.
2. High price. Average 1.5-2 times more expensive other types.
3. Sensitivity to fuel moisture. Maximum dryness is required. So, when burned 1 kg firewood with 20% humidity, the operating force of the equipment will be 4 kW. If you take 1 kg firewood with 50% humidity, power decreases 2 times and achieves everything 2 kW.
4. Unstable operation of the unit at low loads (below 50%), tar buildup in the gas outlet.
5. Large dimensions pyrolysis equipment.
6. Pyrolysis boilers are exclusively single-circuit. To heat water for domestic needs, you will need a separate unit.
7. It is impossible to automate the fuel loading process- Loaded exclusively manually.

Safe use

Operation of a pyrolysis boiler involves working at the highest possible temperatures. Therefore, each manufacturer places high demands on the installation and operation of equipment.

The installation is carried out by a specialist with the necessary competence. The boiler is located in separate room with good ventilation, a chimney is installed on the unit.

Also taken into account the following operating rules:

• If there is not enough draft or the necessary coolant, the boiler cannot be operated.
• Loading and ignition of the equipment must not be entrusted to children or any unauthorized persons.
• The temperature of the water in the pipe system passing through the boiler is should not exceed 95 °C. If the indicator is exceeded, the flame in the unit chamber is temporarily weakened with sand. At the same time, all possible chimney dampers are opened.
• The boiler gets very hot during operation, so there should be no flammable materials or objects near it.
• Modifying the boiler design and using it for other purposes is strictly prohibited.

Photos of pyrolysis boilers

Photo 3. Pyrolysis boiler, installed at home. Firewood for kindling is stored next to it.

Photo 4. Pyrolysis boiler from the manufacturer Viessmann. The device is equipped electronically controlled.

Photo 5. A pyrolysis boiler with a bottom fuel loading type is quite large.

Useful video

Watch a video that demonstrates the operation of a pyrolysis boiler and tells you how to heat it.

conclusions

Pyrolysis boiler - good alternative direct combustion units. However, some experts recommend buying pyrolysis equipment as a backup source heat complete with electrical or gas boiler. If you still install a pyrolysis generator as the main heat generator, you will need competent design and highly qualified specialists for installation.

What is wood pyrolysis

Pyrolysis- This is the decomposition of a substance under the influence of temperature.
Wood pyrolysis - This is the thermal decomposition of wood matter.

Under the influence of temperature, wood decomposes into products wood pyrolysis - carbon (charcoal) and volatile hydrocarbons (pyrolysis gas). Wood pyrolysis products are flammable substances. When we see combustion (oxidation) of wood pyrolysis products. Without preliminary pyrolysis (thermal decomposition), wood will not burn. Preliminary pyrolysis of wood matter is a prerequisite for wood combustion. In any fire and stove, at the tip of a burning match and in a raging forest fire, the same thing necessarily happens - the thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of wood matter and the combustion (oxidation) of wood pyrolysis products continuously occur. If the wood does not burn, it means that there is no sufficiently strong and effective process of pyrolysis of the wood substance that can support the combustion of wood.

Ignition and burning of wood

If wood is heated long enough and strongly enough, its thermal decomposition will begin, followed by ignition of the pyrolysis products. The first, sluggish process of wood pyrolysis begins when it is heated to a temperature of 120°C...150°C. Then, as it heats up, thermal decomposition intensifies and becomes noticeable naked eye. At a temperature of 250°C...350°C, the surface of the wood becomes charred and white smoke appears. At this temperature, short-term ignition of pyrolysis products may occur. With further heating of wood to 600°C, there will be an inevitable ignition of these very products of thermal decomposition - the resulting charcoal and pyrolysis gas. If the ignition zone is not supercooled, the wood will ignite and burn. You can read more about the wood burning process in the article “”.

What is pyrolysis wood combustion

Fundamentally, any combustion of wood is pyrolysis, since any combustion of wood is preceded by its preliminary thermal decomposition. Wood combustion cannot be anything other than pyrolysis.

What is a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler?

Wood pyrolysis boiler - this is heating equipment that runs on wood and organic heating briquettes, according to the principle of (separate) combustion of fuel. Since, with such separate combustion of fuel, pyrolysis gas is released (generated), pyrolysis boilers are often called “gas generator” or “gasification”. Specialists can separate these concepts for those cases when it is really important. For the average consumer, you only need to remember one thing:

The main difference between a pyrolysis boiler is the presence of a two-chamber housing design, which ensures separate combustion of fuel

You can read more about pyrolysis boilers in the article

Fuel for wood pyrolysis boiler

Fuel briquettes (wood and organic) are also used as fuel for the pyrolysis boiler. In a small percentage(no more than 15-25% of the total mass) you can add wood chips, sawdust, shavings, small wood waste and even pellets.

Despite the fact that pellets are 100% wood, they cannot serve as the main fuel for a pyrolysis boiler due to their fine fraction. Minimum dimensions pieces of fuel for a pyrolysis boiler - 70-100mm in diameter, no less.

Fossil energy carriers and their processed products - gas, oil, coal and coal briquettes, as well as rubber products and plastic-containing substances - cannot serve as fuel for a pyrolysis boiler.

Operation of a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler (video)

Having scoured the Internet, I found it without difficulty good video about the operation of a pyrolysis boiler. The screen clearly shows that firewood (fuel) is loaded into the upper (pyrolysis) chamber. There the wood smolders and decomposes under the influence high temperature. This releases flammable pyrolysis gas. Then, already at lower chamber- this gas burns like ordinary natural gas. The remaining wood burns out in the upper chamber.

How to choose a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler

Nowadays, only the lazy do not make or sell wood-burning pyrolysis boilers. It’s no wonder. In times of fuel crises, wood heating is a tasty morsel and a balm for the heart. However, REAL pyrolysis boilers are not up to the task of every manufacturer and seller. Because this thing is very material-intensive and cumbersome. And since no one will “in vain move far away” a pile of metal and ceramics, then when buying a pyrolysis boiler, you need to immediately get ready to work with a domestic manufacturer or a well-established dealer network.

It is with them that you will need to agree on the following issues, which are extremely important when purchasing a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler:

Lining of a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler

A lining is required for a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler.
And the point here is not at all about protecting the metal from burning.
The metal is in no danger at all.

But the process of wood pyrolysis itself can suffer from hypothermia. Because active thermal decomposition of wood matter is possible only at a temperature of at least 600...800ºС. And, if the fuel comes into contact with the steel water-cooled walls of the boiler body (t=120...250ºС), it will simply go out or burn poorly. It turns out that the lining of a pyrolysis boiler protects the fuel (wood) combustion zone from overcooling.

In addition, the lining kit of any pyrolysis boiler contains the most important part, without which the operation of a pyrolysis heating unit is simply unthinkable - this is a ceramic NOZZLE!

Explanation of the importance of the nozzle
- Absolutely all pyrolysis boilers must have two chambers - a loading chamber (for pyrolysis of wood) and a combustion chamber (for burning pyrolysis gases). These two chambers are certainly connected by a ceramic nozzle, which is the main attribute of the combustion of pyrolysis gases.

The ceramic nozzle of a wood heating pyrolysis unit is its “Achilles heel”. The nozzle of a pyrolysis boiler withstands thermal shocks with an amplitude of almost 600ºС, wears out very quickly, collapses and fails. The service life of the nozzle is maximum 3-4 years. After this it will need to be replaced.

And, if the service life of the boiler body is 15-20 years, and the service life of its lining parts is 3-4 years, then this means only one thing - periodically the lining parts of the pyrolysis heating unit will need to be purchased from its manufacturer and replaced.

Hence the conclusion - you need to take the products famous manufacturers, which have an established dealer network and should not have problems purchasing spare parts.

Advice
- If you decide to purchase a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler, try to immediately buy a lining kit for it. The seller's answer will be a balm to the heart. Either it (lining, nozzle) is on sale, or it is not. In any case, this will get rid of big problems in the future, because the lining of wood-burning pyrolysis boilers is unique in its configuration and can only be purchased from the manufacturer.

Thus, it turns out that pyrolysis boilers are tied to their manufacturer, because only from the manufacturer of the pyrolysis boiler can you buy its lining

Thickness of the metal body of a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler

Nowadays, a cast iron boiler body is a rarity. All modern wood-burning boilers have an all-welded steel body made of sheet metal. When choosing a pyrolysis wood boiler, be interested in the thickness of the metal of its body.

Here is approximate information on the thickness of the metal body of a pyrolysis wood boiler, depending on its power:

Weight of wood-burning pyrolysis boiler

The third follows from the first two questions. Since it was decided that the pyrolysis heating unit should have thick walls of its body and a thick lining, then its weight should be no joke. The way it is. Pyrolysis boilers are heavy things. And, if the weight of a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler is less, the manufacturer will therefore save on metal or lining of the product.

There are no good and light wood-burning pyrolysis boilers

Here is the approximate weight of pyrolysis boilers depending on their power:

Note The information was taken from the technical department of one of the leading manufacturers of wood-burning pyrolysis boilers.

Dimensions of wood-burning pyrolysis boiler

The dimensions of a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler are made up of the total dimensions of the combustion chambers plus the dimensions of the heat exchanger. There must be at least:

Note The information was taken from the technical department of one of the leading manufacturers of wood-burning pyrolysis boilers.

Heated area for wood boiler

The most important thing is to choose the right size wood-burning pyrolysis boiler.
There can be a lot of tips and techniques here. The simplest and most proven old-fashioned method is to select a heating unit at the rate of 1 kW per 10 m 2 of heated area. You need to choose with a margin of 10%. Accordingly, for 120 m 2 you need a 16 kW boiler, for 160 m 2 you need an 18 kW boiler, and so on... If the manufacturer has not “fooled” with the power indicator of a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler, everything will work.

Small adjustment to room height
- If the height of the heated room is more than 3 m, then for each meter above you need to add the power of the selected boiler + 1...3%.

What to do after choosing a wood boiler

(joking advice from the manufacturer)

After choosing and purchasing a wood-burning boiler, the question arises - what to do with it now?

Transportation of a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler
Proper transportation of a wood-burning boiler is very important. It is best not to transport pyrolysis boilers, but to move them to the installation site. At the same time, we must not forget that the more often the boiler was “hit” on mother earth, the stronger the lining and the boiler body became. “Shaking up,” you know, is a necessary thing. Naturally, such a heating unit will last longer.
(Perfect option moving the boiler in space is “dragging off-road”) If at the same time the lining is slightly scratched, the door or the automation unit falls off - do not be upset. Feel free to call the department technical support manufacturer and demand replacement of low-quality parts. At the same time, do not forget to cut off (tear off) the temperature sensor, as if it fell off on its own.

Installation and connection of a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler
When installing a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler, feel free to ignore any plumbing regulations, SNIPs and, most importantly, common sense! Remember that wood boilers can work even “lying on their side”! Wood-burning pyrolysis boilers do not require skilled work for their installation and maintenance. This is FIREWOOD. Call the “shabashniks”, “attach” the pyrolysis boiler to your heating system and immediately call the manufacturer’s technical support service.

Recruitment of personnel to service a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler
When recruiting personnel for the role of operator of a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler, choose drunks from the back alley. They will certainly be able to chop and stuff wood into the boiler firebox. Oh, pressing the automation buttons - call one of your friends, so that there is a person with a higher education, that means.

Maintenance of a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler
Someone made it up service maintenance wood pyrolysis boiler. Rave. What is there to serve? He stuffed it with wood, set it on fire and let it burn. Well, there's some ash and ash. So they fall out of the boiler themselves when the doors are opened.
Does the manufacturer remind you to open the heat exchanger once a season and clean the surface of the pipes from soot? Nonsense. Why get your hands dirty to clean something you can't see?

Operating instructions, passport and warranty card
Each pyrolysis boiler is supplied with an “Operating Instruction”, “Passport” and “Warranty Card”. What is it and why is it done?
Explanation:

• Warranty card
  - You can hang it in a frame, there are beautiful stamps and signatures
• Passport
  - Well, this is in case the intelligence services are interested in the origin of the boiler. Then you need to shove your passport in their nose and send them to hell.
• User manual
  - Oh, this is important! Only, you don’t have to read it at all.
  In fact, this is paper for the first ignition of the boiler.

Electronic control unit (automatic)
There are only six buttons on it. This is much less than mobile phone. So there won't be any problems. We press the buttons and see what happens. The manufacturer does not provide a “self-destruct” button, so the consumer is not in any danger.

First ignition of a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler!
Song! It is very important, when igniting for the first time, to blame all your problems on the manufacturer! At the same time, you need to remember that you need to call technical support until you are completely satisfied! Where should they go? That's why they get money!

By the way, the marketing department and technical service of the plant, with great pleasure read the “Operating Instructions” over the phone, which is included with each pyrolysis boiler. In addition, for a small fee, the same “Operating Instructions” are read in verse and to the accompaniment of a tambourine.

Condensate in the body of a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler
Don't trust anyone. None exist in nature! These are all inventions of the manufacturer. As soon as you see a puddle under your pyrolysis boiler, immediately start calling the manufacturer. Moreover, the more often, the better. Let them come and take away their leaky trough. Then, having talked enough on the phone and taken the statement about condensation on faith, you can relax a little.

Practice has proven that after about a day or three, and in especially severe cases - just a week, all owners of pyrolysis boilers become accustomed to heating the boiler in such a way that condensation formation is reduced to zero. However, upon first ignition, a sea of ​​condensate is guaranteed. In some cases, its quantity can reach tens of liters.

Firewood for a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler
Need raw ones. Moreover - wet or freshly cut.
Did you read somewhere that pyrolysis boilers allow you to burn wood with a humidity of up to 70%? Right. This is the kind of firewood that needs to be shoved into the firebox. And if the firewood is also frozen and with pieces of ice, then it’s generally cool. It is this kind of wood that will give the greatest amount of heat during combustion. As for the type of wood, we choose poplar. It is cheaper than oak and produces a lot of excellent ash. In addition, it is much more pleasant to look at a huge pile of low-calorie poplar logs than at a couple of high-quality oak logs. Low-calorie diet is in vogue these days. Everyone wants to lose weight. Now, both yoghurts are low-calorie and lard. Therefore, it is also fashionable to prepare low-calorie firewood for the winter. Like - the squeak, on the topic.

Shovel
As you know, you need to laugh after the word “shovel”. This is a place where you can smile.

Nostalgia for the gas idyll

Eh, it was a good thing - gas heating.
Oh, what a song it was - mass gasification Soviet Union.
And what words were in it - Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod.
The people then accepted the innovation with a bang! and entire streets, towns and villages switched from coal-wood stove heating for gas heating - civilized. ABOUT! Gas boilers and the slabs very quickly won the hearts of consumers and became firmly established in everyday and industrial life. Heating plants have almost completely switched to gas. All new boiler houses were designed and built only for gas. Humanity breathed a sigh of relief and long years gas has become one of the main sources of thermal energy.

Gas heating is an unaffordable luxury

Recently the situation has changed dramatically.
Natural gas went up in price. Moreover, the price has risen so much that the unexpectedly approaching winter spoils the mood of absolutely everyone who does not live in a hut. Gas wars and gas crises have long become the norm and no longer surprise anyone. Suddenly blocked gas pipelines and highways are the favorite tricks of the current government. The uncontrollable rise in the cost of gas heating has a negative impact on the “fatness” of the wallet, threatening to bring it to a state of pronounced degeneration. Costs for gas heating have increased so much that sometimes it’s easier to turn it off completely and sit in felt boots than to pay exorbitant bills

Gas heating has gradually turned from a necessity into a luxury item.

Bah, even the newly minted post-Soviet bourgeoisie have problems with gas heating. True, for a reason other than financial. The bourgeoisie has plenty of money. But gas can only be used if there are gas pipelines. And no one has been building them for a long time. There is no mass gasification - that's all. Here the gentlemen are sitting, with their own money - and in unheated country houses. Such are the things.

There is only one way out - to find another source of thermal energy and say “good bye” to gas as fuel

Wood heating - as an option

A lot has been said about alternative energy sources, and even more has been written. As an option - wood heating. Even prosperous and well-fed Europe does not disdain wood heating. Why should we, the orphans, be ashamed? Good, scientific and technical progress and gentlemen manufacturers turned their clear eyes to this problem and “riveted” such an incredible number of modifications of wood-burning boilers that their eyes run wild. Yes, nowadays only lazy people don’t make wood-burning boilers. This is what confuses the inexperienced consumer. In this article, the author ventured to summarize his experience in working with wood-burning pyrolysis boilers and give some advice on their selection. Some of the advice is presented in a humorous manner, which does not detract from their informational value.

Alternative Heating:

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