How to insulate the ceiling in an apartment from the inside. How to insulate the ceiling of an apartment located on the top floor How to insulate the ceiling inside an apartment

18.10.2019

Premises, regardless of their functional purpose.

In order to retain heat in the room, it is necessary to insulate the concrete ceiling. For insulation, you can use special materials that are produced specifically to retain heat.

But, in any case, to insulate a ceiling, including a concrete one, you just need to fix it on its surface thermal insulation material(insulation).

The difference lies only in the properties of the heat-insulating material.

The ceiling can be insulated with polystyrene foam. It is the cheapest and retains heat well.

One of the fastest and cheapest methods is gluing on ceiling surface foam boards, which can be easily purchased at any hardware store. The most important thing is that gluing such tiles does not require special construction knowledge or experience. In 1 day you can easily cover an area of up to 25 square meters. m and thereby insulate the ceiling, for example, in the hall.

At the same time, ceiling insulation foam tiles the quality of heat retention cannot be compared with the same plasterboard or mat made of mineral wool. At the same time, the cost of work and the time of applying tiles are negligible.

But know that the better you insulate the ceiling, the more heat you will retain in the room. Therefore, you need to be very careful when choosing insulation material. In any case, you will need:

the insulation you have chosen;
waterproofing material (glassine);
wooden slats (beams);
polyurethane foam (for sealing seams and gaps);
nails or screws.

The first tools you need to have on hand are:

bench knife, hacksaw or electric jigsaw;
hammer and screwdriver;
grinder and electric drill.

This set of materials and tools will be simply necessary for high-quality ceiling insulation.

Insulation of ceilings in a private house

Thermal insulation concrete ceiling in a private home allows not only to preserve heat, but also to significantly reduce energy consumption. In order to insulate private homes, it is best to use materials such as: mineral wool, expanded clay, polystyrene foam, ecowool, penoizol, as they have not only heat-insulating, but also vapor recirculation properties.

A private house begins with laying thermal insulation material between. In order to securely attach the material, it is better to cut it into strips 5 cm wider than. After this, polystyrene foam is laid on top, and the resulting gaps are filled with polyurethane foam. Next, mineral wool is laid to the upper edge of the beam and finally boards are laid on top.

Another effective method that is used to insulate the ceiling of a room is the use of expanded clay. But to do this, you first need to lay a vapor barrier layer, on top of which a layer of crumpled clay is poured. Next it is poured from above cement strainer and the boards are laid.

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Insulation of ceilings in an apartment

Residents of the upper floors are mainly interested in insulating the ceiling in an apartment. But still, if your apartment is located on lower floors, then insulating the ceiling will improve both noise and vibration insulation.

Since those currently used practically do not prevent the penetration of sound and vibration from residents living on the upper floors. Therefore, when choosing materials, one of the main criteria, in addition to low heat transfer, is to ensure good sound insulation. However, for residents of the last top floor the problem with sound insulation disappears; they only need to use materials with good thermal insulation.

It is very important to know that with a large number of layers of insulation, the ceiling level decreases. To insulate an apartment, you first need to install guides from wooden beam

or galvanized metal. The insulating material will subsequently be attached along these guides.

If, of all the methods of insulating the ceiling, you prefer to stick foam plastic, then there is no need to install guides. Traditionally the time of year for repair work existing rules, and even more so it is necessary if we're talking about about the need to insulate the ceiling.

Thus, answering the question of when it is necessary to insulate the ceiling, we can in particular refer to summer, and in general - any time when it is “not completely cold”, when opportunities for this arise and, accordingly, the need arises. IN winter time the volume of heat loss is at least 15% through the ceiling, and therefore its insulation is simply a necessary measure.

Ceiling insulation: basic principles and materials

Particularly important is the insulation of the ceiling of an apartment on the top floor, although, given the feature noted above, such a need should not be excluded for other types of housing. To insulate the ceiling today, the most different kinds materials, not to mention insulation methods. To begin with, let us dwell on the materials, or more precisely, on their most common varieties used for the purpose of interest to us, in particular these:

Styrofoam;
foam ceilings;
polyplex;
foil polyethylene foam;
ecowool;
expanded polystyrene, etc.

The choice of a specific ceiling insulation option is influenced by the inherent characteristics of the room, consumer preferences, as well as the budget planned for the implementation of this event under consideration. For insulation, as you can understand, a structure is required that includes a layer of insulation (including the frame underneath, if it is provided using insulation technology), as well as a ready-made facing covering- that is, what you, simply put, will see every day after completing all the work on insulating the ceiling.

By insulating the ceiling, you can not only ensure a comfortable temperature regime at one time or another of the year, but also significantly reduce heating costs. Insulation of the ceiling in an apartment, house or cottage in this regard, determines the need to guide a number of the following basic principles:

preservation optimal mode steam circulation during the implementation of measures to minimize heat loss;
eliminating the possibility of condensation getting into the insulation;
the use of exclusively environmentally friendly and fire-resistant materials.

If we briefly dwell on the choice of the most suitable method of ceiling insulation, then one of the main determining factors is, for example, the possibility of some lowering of the ceiling due to the materials used (i.e. whether it exists in principle). The use of the same mineral wool justifies such a limitation, because it requires first securing a frame profile to the ceiling, after which, as a final part, it will be possible to attach lining or plasterboard to the ceiling.

Space saving is allowed as an option if insulation is carried out without the subsequent installation of a suspended ceiling. This option involves applying a layer of plaster to the insulation attached to the ceiling, after which a reinforced mesh is installed over its surface (it is literally pressed into the base, that is, into the insulation). Subsequently, the ceiling is leveled, puttyed, primed, and finally painted.

If you need to resolve the issue of ceiling insulation as soon as possible, then the best solution will be the use of foam ceiling.

Ceiling insulation: basic methods

There are two such methods: insulating the ceiling outside and insulating the ceiling inside.

Insulation of the ceiling from the inside of the room (from the inside)

This method of ceiling insulation is most often used in apartments multi-storey buildings, in particular, if we consider such an option as insulating the ceiling in an apartment on the top floor, which in this case is generally possible. Availability technical floor or attic in multi-storey building often does not allow for the possibility of insulation for the simple reason that they are located along the floor various types communications (as an example, we can indicate the wiring heating system etc.). Unimpeded access for workers to such communications is important. utilities and repairmen, which is why insulating the ceiling in an apartment from the outside is usually excluded.

Styrofoam

As already noted, they can be used various methods and materials for this purpose, let’s start with polystyrene foam. Its characteristic feature is low vapor permeability and thermal conductivity; in addition, it is resistant to mechanical loads and various aggressive environments, non-toxic and easy to install.

So, for insulation using polystyrene foam, you will need foil insulation, dowels, polyurethane foam, glue, tools (an electric jigsaw or a regular hacksaw, hammer and drill), and, in fact, foam boards. Work on insulating the ceiling in an apartment can be carried out at temperatures ranging from +5 to +30 degrees.

First, you need to lay a layer of isolon (NPE or PPE brand) on the ceiling; the foil side should be inside when laid. Izolon is great material to eliminate the impact of low temperatures. Next comes the stage of laying the sheets of insulation used - polystyrene foam. You can start from any of the corners in the room, the main goal is to gradually cover the entire surface of the ceiling with foam. The foam is fastened using dowels, or it is attached with glue. Each sheet must be provided with at least 5 attachment points (whether with glue or dowels); as a rule, the corners of the sheet and its middle are chosen as the basis for such points. The joint areas formed as a result of laying polystyrene foam are subsequently filled with polyurethane foam.

Next, after the foam has been laid, they begin finishing the ceiling. It is often used for decorative panels, they are attached to metal or wooden slats. PVC skirting boards are used for the edges, which ensures a smooth and neat finish.

Basalt wool or mineral wool

An equally common method of insulating the ceiling followed by installing drywall. This type of insulation is available for use in the form of slabs or rolls. Its advantages are its affordable cost, excellent performance characteristics, resistance to chemical attack, it is also not subject to rotting and burning, and is easy to install.

Ceiling insulation using wool and plasterboard is carried out with the previous installation of a frame or a specific type of fastening, because the position of the insulation is taken into account here, and, as is clear, it will be practically suspended. According to this scheme, you need to make a wooden or metal carcass using dowels and a hammer drill. Next, insulation is glued into the interprofile space, for which it is better to use glue for laying tiles - with its help you can almost instantly achieve gluing of mineral wool to the ceiling.

It would be a good idea to read the instructions supplied with the insulation - it often happens that for a particular type of insulation it is necessary to first provide a vapor barrier or other type of specific conditions. Mineral wool can also be fixed using plastic dowels with rounded wide caps. After this, electrical cables and other types of communications are laid, this is done along the surface of the insulation. And finally, the final stage, during which the ceiling is covered with plasterboard. The ideal solution for this would be to use self-tapping screws based on hardened steel; this recommendation is explained by their significant strength and increased resistance to loads.

There is another method for insulating the ceiling; it can rightfully be defined as the most labor-intensive. It uses hard-type mineral wool slabs (for example, PPZh-200, etc.), installed on the ceiling, after which they are fixed, and then laid over their surface. plaster mesh. The final step here is putty. In this case, the mesh should be sunk with a layer of putty, after which the entire surface is leveled with a spatula. Next, this layer must be allowed to dry, after which the final layer can be applied. After the surface has completely dried, the ceiling is sanded, then coated with a primer, after which you can begin painting.

Let’s add some recommendations to a seemingly simple technology. For example, it is important to take into account that the insulation cannot be pressed. The fact is that mineral insulation contains at its core a lot of air bubbles, due to which the effect of retaining heat is ensured.

To others problematic issue may be the installation of lamps in the ceiling, in particular - spotlights. Surely you know that energy-saving lamps are subject to a certain amount of heat. Due to the fact that the insulation acts as an obstacle to the removal of heat from the lamps, the possibility of ventilation of the space between it and the lamp is excluded, and this, in turn, causes their rapid failure (literally within one to two hours at condition of constant lighting). In this regard, you can do small sizes a gap between the insulation and the lamps, which will ensure sufficient air circulation. As an alternative, you can even opt for a regular chandelier or wall sconces to illuminate the room.

Insulation of the ceiling from the outside of the room (outside)

The simplest way is this scheme. In such types of housing there is a choice, and it is the possibility of insulating the outside that is the most attractive option for achieving the required result. Meanwhile, as an option possible insulation it can also be considered, and the proposed options in this regard are suitable not only for a private house, but also for an apartment on the top floor. In particular, they can be considered in case it becomes possible to coordinate with the relevant authorities and if, in general, it becomes possible to implement appropriate insulation measures.

Almost any type of insulation can be used as a material, because the main advantage of the insulation method itself is that the materials do not require special fastening, as if they were used from the inside. The main thing here is to lay the material tightly so that there are no gaps or cracks.

The main goal in choosing a material for external ceiling insulation can be identified as the greatest acceptability of its cost with a sufficient level of thermal insulation. It is quite possible that you will be able to purchase inexpensive, but high-quality material according to the required criteria. Mainly for of this type Insulation is, again, polystyrene foam, expanded clay or mineral wool (mineral wool).

Styrofoam

We outlined the advantages of this material above, so let’s move directly to the actions that are performed when insulating the ceiling from the outside.

So, first you need to empty the attic of unnecessary things, because, as is clear, you will need a concrete slab free of anything. Next, the space is measured for the subsequent purchase of polystyrene foam with a thickness of 40 mm or more. If desired, you can use polystyrene, but here you should be prepared for the fact that its cost will be twice the cost of polystyrene foam.

Now - to the point. The attic space along the floor is covered with polystyrene foam; polyurethane foam is used to seal the seams. The final stage, such as pouring the screed, is not necessary if you do not plan to visit the attic. Otherwise, given that the material is inherently quite fragile, after a month or two of walking on it, it will simply begin to break. Before pouring the screed onto the sheets, it is necessary to lay reinforced mesh, the layer width must be at least 50 mm.

Expanded clay

Expanded clay is a material based on fusible grades of clay. Also its feature is the porosity of the structure and lightness. Surely you have seen this brownish material in the form of oval granules. As a rule, it is used precisely as a material for insulating the attic in a house in which it is necessary to insulate the ceiling, that is, precisely for the purpose that interests us. Besides, this material It is also good to use for regular screeding, also in some cases made in the attic.

So, let's move on to insulating the ceiling from the outside. The process should begin with providing hydro- and vapor barrier, for which the appropriate material is applied to the ceiling, which, by the way, plays a significant role in the insulation process itself. The modern materials market has enormous opportunities in choosing the appropriate option. Meanwhile, if your plans are subject to certain financial restrictions, then you can use more affordable materials for this purpose, such as foil, roofing felt or plastic film.

The width of the laid strips of such materials should be on average 10 centimeters greater than the distance between the floor beams. At significant size The ceiling area on the walls is provided with an overlap of about 12 centimeters. The seams formed between pieces of material must be processed using a special tape, which ensures a tight fit to the edges and prevents them from bending. In this case, you can glue the roofing felt using rubber-bitumen mastic. If foil is used, then aluminum foil-based tape is used for gluing. If you need to glue the film, then use regular tape.

Additionally, the chimney pipe and rafters are also lined. The vapor barrier material is attached higher than the layer of expanded clay being laid. Fastening of all canvases is ensured by construction stapler or regular tape.

In some cases, clay is laid on top of the vapor barrier; the use of such an additional layer allows for additional insulation of the structure in question. After this, expanded clay is laid.

Often during the process of insulation, the question arises regarding the optimal volume for a layer of expanded clay, and in this case there is a corresponding recommendation from experts, in particular, they advise laying a layer of 14-16 centimeters. In addition, it is additionally recommended to use not the same type of expanded clay, but two varieties of its fraction - that is, both large and small. Due to this solution, the packing density increases, and the material settlement, accordingly, decreases. This measure is especially relevant if there is a need to implement measures aimed at insulation wooden ceiling in a bath using the expanded clay material we are considering. As you might guess, in the latter case, the influence of steam needs to be reduced as much as possible, in addition to other loads, which this material will help cope with.

Returning to the considered scheme for insulating the ceiling with expanded clay, let's move on to laying a screed based on sand and cement - this will eliminate any damage to the insulation. You can pre-water the expanded clay using liquid cement - this will set its top layer, although in general this measure is more appropriate for use in industrial premises.

To top it off, you can lay the floor after insulation. In principle, this measure is not necessary if the attic is not particularly visited, although it will not be superfluous. Basically, boards are used for this purpose; they need to be installed perpendicular to the location of the beams. Other options include other types of flooring – plywood, chipboard or laminate, etc.

Mineral wool

To insulate the ceiling with such material, it is necessary to assemble a frame for the planned floor, which will also become insulation for the ceiling. For assembly, logs are installed - this will be the frame. Next, a layer of vapor barrier is applied; glassine is the best solution for this. The specified material is cut and it is better if this is done with a small margin - the excess part can subsequently be attached to the joists. Next, the mineral wool is laid, not too tightly, without gaps. Remember that this material cannot be compressed too much. And finally, the flooring is purely individual solution, which takes into account how functional the attic is in the house, that is, you can make a simple flooring, or you can literally “go wild” in choosing an attractive solution for creating a beautiful floor.

To top it off, I would like to add a few recommendations. So, if you use a double layer of mineral wool, the ceiling will be even warmer. This method of laying is similar to laying bricks, that is, the top layer covers the joints formed by the lower layers. In addition, for easy pressing of thermal insulating layers it is good to use wooden boards, due to which the integrity and solidity of the insulation structure will be ensured.

Insulating the ceiling cannot be called a complex and time-consuming process. Thanks to this work, it is possible to significantly reduce heat loss through the ceiling. To make a room warmer, you can use various types of insulation, each of which has its own strengths and weaknesses.

Today we will talk about ways to insulate the ceiling, and also get acquainted with the recommendations of experts.

Peculiarities

Noticeable heat loss, as well as cold air emanating from the ceiling are the result of incorrectly installed or low-quality thermal insulation. Heat loss through such a ceiling can reach up to 20%, since warm air rises and barriers are needed that will not allow it to leave the room.

It is recommended to insulate the ceiling during the construction phase of the house.. However, there are cases when owners for some reason do not carry out such work within the specified period. In addition, situations are not uncommon when old thermal insulation becomes unusable in an already built home. And in such conditions it will be possible to install insulation, but the work will be more difficult. At the moment, there are several methods for thermal insulation of ceilings.

Many consumers are wondering why it is necessary to insulate the ceiling and whether such work can be neglected. To find out the answer to these questions, you should familiarize yourself with the main functions that insulation performs in this case:

High-quality insulation materials have excellent sound insulation properties. Thanks to such elements, silence will always remain in an apartment or private house, even if there is rain and wind outside the window.
Thanks to the installed insulating layer, the room will be warm in winter, since the heated air, rising upward, will collide with an obstacle and go down again.
Ceiling insulation will also be useful in hot seasons. It will prevent hot air from entering the room, so it will remain comfortably cool.

It is also worth identifying situations in which ceiling insulation is necessary:

Thermal insulation of the ceiling should be done if you have just started building a house. At this point, the ceiling consists of ordinary wooden beams. Then you can lay insulation between them and “sew up” it.
You can also begin this work if the owners have already begun to settle into the house and the ceiling has long been ready. This is necessary so that living rooms it was not cold in autumn and winter.
Thermal insulation of the ceiling is simply necessary if top floor no one lives at home. As a rule, such rooms are always cooler. In such situations, heated areas lose their heat to unheated ones.

You should not think that thermal insulation of the ceiling can only be done when arranging a private home. It is quite acceptable to carry out such work in apartment buildings.

In such dwellings, all actions can only be carried out inside, and residents are prohibited from repairing attics and roofs themselves.

Currently, various materials are used to insulate ceilings. Each of them has its own operational characteristics, based on which you should choose the appropriate option for certain conditions.

Insulation requirements

Ceiling insulation must meet a number of requirements:

It must be environmentally friendly and safe. Otherwise, you risk harming the health of your household.
The insulation must be fireproof.
Due to the insulating layer, heat loss should be reduced, and not the circulation of steam occurring in the house/apartment.
The insulation should not get wet.

Types of insulation: pros and cons

There are several types of insulation materials. Let’s take a closer look at them and consider what their pros and cons are.

Mineral wool

There are several types of mineral wool:

Stone. This mineral wool is made from igneous rock melts.
Slag. This insulating material is made from molten blast furnace slag.
Glass. This mineral wool is created from molten glass.

Included stone wool There are ingredients such as gabbro or diabase, as well as blast furnace slag and batch. The mineral ingredients in basalt insulation include clay, dolomite, and limestone. These components are necessary to make the material more fluid. Formaldehyde in small quantities (2-10%) acts as a binding element in this composition.

Slag wool is characterized by a fibrous structure. This insulation is produced from waste from the metallurgical industry during the smelting of cast iron in blast furnaces. Slag fibers are distinguished by their small thickness and length.

In the process of creating glass wool, elements such as sand, dolomite, soda, lime, borax and broken glass are used.

Mineral wool can have different markings:

P-75. This type of cotton wool has a density of 75 kg/cubic meter. m. This material is used to insulate horizontal non-external planes. This could be the attic or the roof. In addition, P-75 mineral wool is used for insulation of pipelines of heating networks, as well as oil and gas pipelines.
P-125. Mineral wool under this marking has a density of 125 kg / cubic meter. m. It is used for insulating non-external bases located in any position. Material marked P-125 is also used for insulating floors and ceilings.
PZh-175. This type of wool is used to process reinforced concrete or corrugated sheet floors.
PPZh-200. Cotton wool PPZH-200 is used in the same way as PZH-175, but is more fire resistant.

Mineral wool has many positive qualities:

It is distinguished by low thermal conductivity. Because of this, mineral wool is an effective insulation material.
This material is recognized as fireproof.
She is not afraid of temperature changes. Under conditions of overheating and hypothermia, mineral wool does not deform or lose its shape.
Mineral wool is characterized by chemical and biological stability.
Such insulation is distinguished by high vapor permeability, so it is “breathable”.
Installation of mineral wool is quite simple and quick. It's easy to deal with House master, who does not have extensive experience in such work.

Despite its popularity, mineral wool also has some disadvantages:

This material requires treatment with special water-repellent agents to reduce water absorption. By absorbing moisture, mineral wool loses its heat-insulating properties.
Such insulation cannot be called light. Because of this, the cost of its delivery increases significantly.

Ecowool

As a rule, ecowool is impregnated special compounds, such as fire retardants and antiseptics. These components are necessary so that the insulation is not afraid of insects and rodents.

Let's get acquainted with the advantages characteristic of ecowool:

It is environmentally friendly and safe for health.
Ecowool is a “breathable” material that allows air to pass through perfectly. A room insulated with such material is comfortable even in hot summers.
Ecowool does not rot and does not become moldy. Of course, such insulation will not rot if it is not oversaturated with moisture. Otherwise, ecowool may be seriously damaged.
This type of insulation is durable. Even after many years, it does not lose its beneficial qualities.
Ecowool can be supplemented or compacted.
It is not a flammable material and easily extinguishes in case of fire.
This type of insulation is easy to use, especially when it comes to insulating a horizontal plane.
Many people choose ecowool insulation, as it is homogeneous - it has no seams or joints.

The main disadvantage of this insulation is that the dry backfill cakes and settles over time. Because of this, it must be laid on the bases in a thick layer.

Styrofoam

This type of thermal insulation material is used everywhere. It is inexpensive and quite easy to install. Its structure is a special foamed mass, in which the main volume is gas. Because of this feature, the density of the foam is quite low.

For insulating the ceiling You can use foam boards of different densities. However, it is worth considering that Not very dense materials require additional protective measures, since they cannot boast of sufficient strength characteristics. As a rule, loose materials are installed using a frame method.

Polystyrene foam is not an ideal insulation material; it has its disadvantages, which you should be aware of if you decide to use this material:

This insulation has limited mechanical strength. After installation he needs additional protection from external damage.
Polystyrene foam is not a breathable material. It practically does not allow air to pass through it.
This material quickly becomes unusable under the influence of nitro paints and other paint coatings with such a basis.

Penoplex

Insulating the ceiling with penoplex has its pros and cons. First, let's take a look at its strengths:

Penoplex has low vapor permeability. Thanks to this quality, this material does not absorb moisture.
Penoplex is also characterized by low thermal conductivity.
It can easily withstand significant loads, which indicates its compressive strength.
Penoplex boasts for a long time service (up to 40 years).
Installation of such insulation is simple and affordable.
Penoplex is relatively inexpensive.

The disadvantages of penoplex include:

Penofol

Another popular insulation material is covered with foil. As a rule, it is used indoors and reflects heat.

Let's get acquainted with the advantages of penofol:

It has a small thickness, but at the same time provides high-quality thermal insulation of the living space.
Easy to install. For such work, special and expensive tools are not required.
Penofol does not crumble or break.
It is an environmentally friendly and safe material.
Waterproof.
Fireproof.
It has excellent noise and waterproofing properties.
It has a reasonable price.

The main disadvantage of penofol is its soft structure. You can easily press on it, after which it will definitely bend. For this reason, finishing this layer with plaster or wallpaper will be impossible.

Perlite

Perlite or perlite sand is a popular material with best properties everyone effective insulation materials. It is very durable, inert and lightweight. Perlite raw materials differ in that they contain from 2% to 5% bound water. This material is inert, due to its chemical nature of origin.

The main properties of perlite include:

high thermal conductivity;
sound absorption;
water absorption.

Now it’s worth considering in more detail what advantages perlite sand has:

Sawdust

Sawdust is the cheapest and most accessible insulating material. They are used for both residential and commercial buildings.

Sawdust is the waste that remains when wood is processed. They are ordinary shavings or fine dust. Previously, such materials were widely used for insulating homes, but with the development high technology they faded into the background and began to be considered obsolete.

But do not think that sawdust is no longer used for insulating buildings; they are still used for these purposes. This is due to the effectiveness of sawdust, as well as its incomparable durability.

As for the disadvantages of sawdust, these include:

easy flammability;
sawdust may harbor insects or rodents.

In addition to sawdust itself, other materials that are produced on its basis can be used to insulate a home:

wood concrete;
sawdust concrete;
sawdust pellets;
blocks.

Expanded clay

You can insulate your home not only with cheap sawdust, but also with expanded clay. This material is enviably popular in our country, as it is inexpensive and has excellent performance characteristics.

Expanded clay consists of tiny granules with little mass. The granules contain pores, which make these elements as light as possible.

Let's get acquainted with the positive qualities of this insulating material:

Expanded clay is inexpensive and is an affordable material - you don’t have to look for it for a long time in different retail outlets.
A characteristic feature of expanded clay is its high thermal conductivity.
This material is lightweight, so it is very easy to work with; it does not put any noticeable load on the base.
An insulating layer consisting of expanded clay can serve without any problems for a long time(up to 50 years old).
Expanded clay - environmentally friendly pure material, which does not emit hazardous substances.

This material also has its own disadvantages:

Using expanded clay, it is very difficult to achieve complete soundproofing of a room. To do this, you will have to form a half-meter thermal insulation layer.
Such insulation will require additional investments from the owners to protect it from moisture.

Due to this drawback, using expanded clay for insulating old and damp buildings is strictly not recommended.

Clay

You can insulate the ceiling with clay. This material is inexpensive and environmentally friendly. It perfectly protects spaces from heat leakage. In addition, with such insulation the room will remain cool if the weather is hot outside.

Clay is easily diluted with water, and after drying it becomes very hard and retains heat well. Most often, this method of thermal insulation is used when treating large areas.

Let's figure out what advantages this environmentally friendly insulation has:

It is inexpensive, and therefore has no competitors among analogues.
It is a fireproof material - does not burn, does not support combustion.
Insects or mice do not live in such insulation.
The solution for ceiling insulation is diluted from fairly light fillers, which significantly reduces the load on the floors.
Clay does not contain harmful impurities.
This material is easy to work with. To do this, it is not at all necessary to hire professionals.
The dried mixture can be used again. To do this you just need to wet it. Thanks to this feature, you can avoid large quantity waste after completion of all work.
After adding water, the clay becomes very plastic and easily penetrates into any voids present in the base.
After complete evaporation of moisture, the clay becomes hard. For this reason, there is no need to lay out flooring for walking on the attic floor.

However, at present, clay has been replaced by more modern thermal insulation materials.

There are several good reasons for this:

Clay insulation is considered not the most effective. As a rule, this material is used only as an addition to the main insulation.
To properly prepare a clay solution, you need to very carefully maintain all the required proportions. Otherwise, the heat-insulating layer may simply collapse or will not perform its main functions.
Ready-made clay mixtures are heavy, so they should be laid only on stable floors that can withstand significant loads.

Installation methods

You can install the insulation yourself. This work is done in two ways. Let's take a closer look at each of them.

From inside the room

Experts do not recommend insulating the ceiling in the interior of the home. With such work, you will not only reduce its height, it can also lead to the insulation material itself and its fumes entering the room. In addition, in such cases, fungus and mold may appear on the insulating material.

If you have no choice, then you should consider some restrictions:

do not use mineral wool to insulate the ceiling indoors;
leave a small gap between the insulation and the finishing coating of the ceiling.

To insulate the ceiling in the interior of the room, penoplex or penofol are perfect.

According to experts, working with penoplex is quite easy. First you will need to nail the sheathing onto which the plasterboard sheet will then be attached. Pay attention to the height of the sheathing beam. It should be 2-3 centimeters greater than the thickness of the insulation.

There should be a step between the slats equal to the width of the insulation (approximately 1-2 mm). After this, you need to lay an insulating coating between the sheathing. It must be included in the right places with slight effort. In order for the insulation to adhere well to the ceiling, it should be attached using dowels.

At the end of the work, sheets of plasterboard are attached to the sheathing. Thus, it turns out a kind of suspended ceiling. If you do not want to install regular drywall, you can also install a tensile structure.

To install penofol, it is also necessary to prepare the frame. Next, you will need to put insulation on it (with the foil side facing the inside of the room). Insulation material can be nailed to frame structure nails. Gaps should be left on both sides for ventilation, so you will need to install a second sheathing on top - sheets of drywall will be attached to it. In this case, you can also turn to a suspended ceiling.

Outside

Insulating the ceiling from the outside of the room involves laying insulation not from below, but from above the ceiling (or into voids, if any). In this case, the installation technology largely depends on the base material.

For example, for wooden floors it is better to use light bulk options, and for concrete slabs More impressive insulation materials with greater weight are also suitable.

Let's take a closer look at how to properly install insulation on the outside using mineral wool as an example.

For wooden floors

For concrete

In this case, the base needs to be thoroughly processed and leveled, removing all bevels and potholes.

Then you need to attach the vapor barrier film.
The mineral wool will be hemmed on it.
Next comes the fastening finishing material(cardboard, plywood, wood).

Choose insulation for cold roof follows several criteria:

Room type. For different conditions different insulation materials are suitable. For example, for a loggia and balcony, mineral wool, penoplex, isolon or polystyrene are more suitable, and for an attic or attic - also basalt insulation or polyurethane foam. For spaces with high levels of humidity, it is worth choosing moisture-resistant insulation, otherwise they will quickly become unusable.
Base material. For wooden floors, you should buy lighter insulation materials. For concrete foundations, you can purchase materials that can bear heavy loads.
Environmental friendliness. Experts recommend purchasing only environmentally friendly and safe types insulation materials.
Fire safety. Select non-flammable insulation materials that do not support combustion.
Manufacturer. Contact only well-known manufacturers who produce high-quality and durable products.

If you decide to install ceiling insulation in your home yourself, then you should listen to the advice of experts:

Do not neglect the installation of waterproofing when laying insulating material. This will avoid the formation of condensation on the base, which can then reach the insulation.
If you need to insulate the first floors of a low-rise private building, then you should use penoplex for this.
It is possible to insulate the ceiling on the top floor only from the inside of the home, despite the fact that this method is not recommended by professionals.
If you decide to use sawdust for insulation, then you will need to check whether they are dry or not. To do this, you should walk over them before installation. Dry material will bend and crunch.
An attic that is insulated on all sides and also equipped with heating is not an attic, but an attic. Acceptable insulation materials for such areas are indicated above.
If you are installing penofol, then you should not use fasteners that need to be nailed, this method can negatively affect thermal insulation properties this material. It is better to purchase insulation with an adhesive backing.

After laying the insulating material (especially if it is tiled) on the base, you should always seal all the cracks and joints. Most often, polyurethane foam is used for this.
If you work with mineral wool, then you definitely need to use protective equipment - gloves and a respirator. Once fixed, this material will be safe, but during the process of laying and cutting it, tiny particles may become airborne, which will irritate the mucous membranes and also cause itching on the skin.
The insulation must be fixed as securely and efficiently as possible. To do this, use various fasteners, slats and twine.
Insulation in the form of slabs can be attached to the ceiling using glue. For this it is permissible to use reliable composition on a cement base. Home craftsmen leave good reviews about this installation method, as they find it easier and faster.

Insulation of an apartment from the inside most often becomes necessary in houses with panel walls, since they are not thick enough, they quickly cool down, the heating system cannot fully cope with its tasks, and the temperature in the rooms drops. How to insulate a wall inside an apartment, and what methods and materials to use - this question faces the majority of homeowners in concrete high-rise buildings. External walls in such houses they become cold especially quickly, and often due to temperature changes they begin to become damp and covered with mold.

Sometimes, when there is such a possibility, the walls are thermally insulated from the outside, since this — more effective method heat preservation. However, this option is very expensive due to the complexity of its implementation, and you can independently carry out such activities without using special equipment, is impossible if the apartment is located above the first or second floor. Therefore, a decision is made to insulate the walls from the inside, to the detriment of the overall usable area. But, be that as it may, a warm apartment with a slightly smaller area is better than large, cold rooms. Interior work can easily be done with your own hands, without the involvement of specialists. The main thing is to choose the right material and have the right tools.

If the apartment has equipment installed autonomous heating, then insulating walls will help save energy resources, which are very expensive today.

Disadvantages of internal insulation

Compared to external thermal insulation of walls, internal insulation of an apartment has its rather significant disadvantages:

An insulated wall does not accumulate or retain heat, and heat losses range from 8 to 15%.

At internal insulation the “dew point” may be inside the insulation, which leads to its dampness

The “dew point” for internal thermal insulation is located between the insulation and the wall, sometimes inside the insulation layer. This leads to the formation of condensation and the appearance of mold colonies .
A wall that is improperly insulated from the inside will freeze all the time, and this inevitably causes, over time, irreversible destructive processes in the thickness of the material.

Proper insulation

To prevent condensation from forming under the thermal insulation layer due to temperature changes in winter period, and also, as a consequence, no mold spots appeared on the walls, you need to do everything carefully technological recommendations on insulation concrete walls from inside the apartment.

An important element The structure of the thermal insulation “pie” includes high-quality vapor barrier. It should protect the insulation from moisture penetration, which will allow the entire structure to effectively perform its functions for a long time.

What kind of work needs to be done to achieve the goal?

It is necessary to purchase a vapor barrier film High Quality and waterproof tape for sealing seams at the connection of its sheets.
For the insulating layer, you need to choose a material that has low vapor permeability. It is desirable that this indicator be lower than the vapor permeability of the wall material. In this case, moisture evaporation will occur towards the street, and not inside the apartment.
When gluing insulation, its surface is completely coated with glue using spatula-comb, and it is pressed very tightly against the surface of the wall, so that there are not even small cavities left between them.
To avoid excessively high relative humidity indoors, they must be equipped additional ventilation natural or forced type. For example, for this window frames install valves through which air will flow into the room.

Next, you need to accurately calculate required thickness insulation. It will depend on average daily temperature in this region in winter. The thickness of the thermal insulation material should not be less than the parameters obtained during the calculations, otherwise the steam-heat balance will be disrupted.
Before installing the insulation system, the walls must be treated with special primers. They will “cure” the wall, prevent mold colonies from forming on it, and also increase adhesion when gluing thermal insulation.
Installation of insulation can begin only after the wall has completely dried.
The formation of “cold bridges”, which can negate the entire insulation process, should not be allowed. The risk of their occurrence is especially high at the junctions of walls and ceilings.

What insulation materials and how are they used?

Cork is excellent natural material for thermal insulation

Such a thermal insulator is made in the form of slabs or rolls from the bark of a special type of oak - balsa wood. Therefore it is environmentally friendly safe insulation, which is very important for interior decoration.

Using high quality material, you can solve three problems at once - noise and sound insulation, as well as decorative design walls

An important condition for installing cork covering is the evenness of the wall, so before you start gluing it, you need to carefully prepare the surface. This process is carried out as follows:

The old coating is completely removed from the wall.
Then the entire surface is treated, which will protect the wall from damage by fungus or mold.

The next step is to level the surface.
You can also decorate the walls with drywall, but in this case, the sheet must be completely coated waterproof glue or polyurethane foam, so that there are no voids left underneath. The drywall is pressed firmly against the wall and is additionally secured with anchors or plastic “fungi”.
Cork material can be glued to a dry wall. To do this, use a special glue designed for such purposes.

TO positive qualities The material, in addition to its environmental friendliness, low thermal conductivity and good noise absorption, includes:

Easy installation of cork wall coverings, provided you are careful in your work.
Aesthetically attractive respectable appearance.
The surface of the material is always warm and pleasant to the touch.
A variety of release forms, textured patterns and shades.

Cork is not only an excellent thermal insulator. It will give the room a special decorative touch.

Cork insulation is not very thick, so it does not make the area of the room smaller - this quality sets it apart from other thermal insulation materials.

Penofol

Penofol at its core is a roll of foamed polyethylene with a thickness of 2 to 10 mm, on one side of which it is applied, which helps to reflect heat into the room.

Penofol - foamed polyethylene with foil coating

Before installation, the surface is prepared in the same way as for cork.
Penofol can be fixed to smooth walls using construction tape. double sided tape. Under any circumstances, the material is placed with the foil side facing the room. This creates a kind of thermos for effective heat retention.
Stripes penofol laid end to end. They are glued together with special tape, which also has a foil reflective surface, since the entire coating must be airtight.

A sheathing of slats, bars or galvanized metal profiles is installed on top of the penofol fixed to the wall. This frame with a tanet base for installing lining or wall cladding plasterboard sheets. Plasterboard surface subsequently it can be covered with plaster, wallpapered, or thoroughly puttied and sanded, and then painted.
It is very important when installing drywall or lining at the top and bottom of the structure to leave a gap that will serve ventilation hole for air circulation to prevent moisture accumulation.

Despite its small thickness, penofol is an excellent heat and sound insulator. It is used as a separate insulation, but it can also be used in combination with other materials. It attracts with its simplicity and speed of installation on walls, floors or ceilings, as well as its long service life.

Video: insulation of internal walls with foil material

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

When choosing a material for insulating a living space from the inside, you must first examine all wall surfaces on which thermal insulation will be installed. If the wall is dry and there are no mold stains on it, then you can begin preparing the surface and purchasing insulation material. Carrying out such work on an unprepared basis is strictly prohibited. Not only will such insulation not give the desired effect, but it can thoroughly spoil the apartment atmosphere, making it damp and unhealthy, since spores of many types of mold or mildew are extremely dangerous to people’s health, especially for those suffering from chronic respiratory diseases or a predisposition to allergic reactions .

In general, any of the methods presented in the publication of an apartment from the inside will not require any complex additional equipment, and this technological process VP can be done independently.

Preface. If you have set yourself the task of creating warmth and comfort in your apartment, then you should think about how and with what to insulate the ceiling on the top floor of the house. Specifically for apartments on the top floors this question relevant. In the article we will analyze the methods of thermal insulation of this structure, and also show video instructions on how to insulate the ceiling in an apartment on the top floor from the inside on your own.

Ceilings in apartments on the top floors apartment buildings are the place of greatest heat loss. Up to 50% of the heat from a room can escape through the ceilings, especially if the attic is poorly insulated Management company. Therefore, with the approach of cold weather, the question of how to insulate the ceiling and floor in an apartment, what thermal insulation material to choose for these purposes, becomes especially relevant for residents of apartment buildings.

Is it necessary to insulate the ceiling in an apartment from the inside?

If you do not make high-quality thermal insulation of the room, heat will escape from the living space through the ceiling slabs. There are many ways to get the job done efficiently and inexpensively. Today on construction market There is a wide variety of thermal insulation materials. In this article we will consider the materials and methods that are often used for this.

It is quite simple to carry out thermal insulation of the ceiling in an apartment from the inside yourself. The main thing is to accurately calculate the quantity required material, calculate the thickness of the thermal insulation using a calculator. It doesn’t matter what material your ceiling is finished with - plasterboard, clapboard or painted water-based paint. All these materials can be finished with thermal insulation materials.

How to insulate the ceiling in an apartment from the inside

For insulation various designs Today they use penoplex, polystyrene foam, mineral wool and the most inexpensive option– foil penofol. Foam boards are the most convenient option for mounting on the ceiling, but do not forget that polystyrene foam emits harmful substances, therefore more suitable for insulating the facade of a house. Extruded polystyrene foam boards are denser and more durable.

Insulation with polystyrene foam

Plates of polystyrene foam or penoplex are attached to the ceiling using polystyrene foam glue, and for reliability they are secured with dowel mushrooms. Next on slab thermal insulation a painting mesh is glued, and the entire surface of the ceiling is puttied and painted. The mesh is glued onto the surface of the foam so that it is completely covered with a putty layer. Afterwards the surface is covered with finishing putty.

As soon as finishing putty Once dry, the entire surface is primed and painted. Now you are already a little familiar with the question of how to insulate the ceiling in an apartment from the inside on the top floor with foam plastic. If the ceiling height in your apartment is sufficient for installing the frame, then you can use glass wool or mineral wool to insulate the ceiling in the apartment from the inside on your own.

Insulation with basalt wool

When choosing mineral wool slabs to protect the structure, do not forget that basalt material absorbs moisture from warm air and it should be protected with a vapor barrier on the warm room side. Vapor barrier film used when insulating any surfaces with mineral wool, for example, insulating the ceiling in a bathhouse. After laying the insulation, lining or drywall is attached to the frame.

Sequencing:

1. Seal the cracks in the ceiling and apply liquid waterproofing;
2. We mount the frame on the ceiling in increments smaller than the width of the mineral wool slabs;
3. We lay basalt insulation between the frame guides;
4. We cover the entire structure with insulation with rolled waterproofing;
5. We cover the ceiling with plasterboard, or order a stretch ceiling.

How to insulate the ceiling in an apartment inexpensively

If you do not want to mount a frame on the ceiling or this does not allow you to have a low ceiling in the room, then you can insulate the structure in another way. Penofol or decorative foam boards may be ideal for this. Both of these materials are very easy to glue to the ceiling; anyone can handle this task. At the same time, penofol and decorative boards do not hide the space in the room.

Before starting work, apartment owners should determine exactly which method of ceiling insulation is most suitable for them and which thermal insulation material will be appropriate. Otherwise, heat will continue to escape from the living space through the ceiling. By tradition, we have posted video instructions on this topic and you can become more familiar with the technology of doing the work yourself.