How to make air heating in a bathhouse. Water heating of the bathhouse. Do-it-yourself high-quality sauna heating

Since ancient times, the heart of the bathhouse has been the stove. But today the heat in modern steam rooms goes along other paths - sometimes the most unimaginable. So, if the steam room and washing steam room are used cyclically, i.e. from time to time, there is no point in organizing overly complex heating in the bathhouse - it will be enough to install a simple stove and stock up on fuel. But, if the bathhouse is used often and not only for its intended purpose (when they do laundry in it, when there is no bathtub in the house, and if it is a bathhouse), then it will not be possible to heat it with a stove alone all day long - it is too expensive. But the Russian peasant, of course, has a solution to all questions - and today’s bathhouses are heated with whatever extra means - and warm floors, and radiators, and using heating mains, and automatic boilers. We’ll try to figure all this out right now.

By the way, according to many bath attendants, the most budget-friendly and optimal option is not to use a stove for baths and heating with huge units of various types - this is one gas pipe and a mounted boiler. But this system is not suitable for every steam room - a lot depends on the material from which the walls are built and on its total area.

Bath heating system with heated floors

Recently, it has become fashionable to have heated floors in bathhouses as an additional source of heat. The pleasure, of course, is not cheap, but for those who use the steam room all year round, this is a good option. It is not suitable for periodic use - pipes, of course, tolerate freezing normally, but concrete mortar- Badly.

Warm floors - water or infrared - in a bathhouse are most often installed in the relaxation room, wash room and steam room. If the coolant is heated with wood, then this will require approximately 45 watts of electricity for two circulation pumps. Making such a floor is not difficult - to do this, you first need to select the correct diameter of the pipes, calculate the resistance of the circuits and the power of the pump. But the fashionable infrared floor also heats the surrounding objects - and this is its advantage.

A couple of important points about warm water floors in a bathhouse:

1. Be sure to make two separate circuits - one for the relaxation room, the second for the steam room and washing room. Both circuits have taps so that the temperature can be adjusted as needed. Such floors can be heated with a gas boiler, and it will only be used halfway, or with a wood boiler if the pump is installed at three speed positions.
2. It is advisable to make the length of the pipes in the loops the same - so that later you do not have to install regulators in each loop. If it turns out that the floors do not heat enough, you can install a more powerful circular pump or heat exchanger.
3. A security system is also necessary - this is a second circuit and an additional one on the porch of the bathhouse, so that winter time melt snow, and in summer - remove excess heat.
4. It is advisable to connect a hot water tank for heated floors to the boiler copper pipes with a diameter of 22 mm - they are smooth and help increase the speed of water circulation in the system.

Some bath attendants pour antifreeze into this floor instead of water - it is much less afraid of frost.

An electric heated floor is very suitable for a relaxation room - according to statistics, it is the one most often chosen by bathhouse attendants

A warm water floor in a bathhouse is non-toxic, cheap and easy to use. But they use it in combination with other types of heating: radiator, electric and air. What does he look like? Here's how: between the base of the floor and its finishing surface there is a pipe distribution through which hot water (or ethylene glycol, or antifreeze, or the same tasol) circulates. And so that the heat does not go to the bottom, the entire pipe layout is initially placed on a heat-insulating material - mineral mats or polystyrene foam with aluminum foil. So the heat flow only goes up and heats the bath well. And, although it is impossible to provide full heating of a bathhouse with the floor alone, even a small one, the floors can heat up to 35 degrees, which is a good addition to the main heating and its savings.

How to make heating in a bathhouse using convectors?

The bathhouse is also heated by convectors - gas and electric. This is much simpler than installing heated floors, but also more expensive, of course. Many people do this: during bathing procedures they use an electric heater or oven, and for the rest of the time they leave the convectors in the “anti-defrosting” mode, which will constantly maintain a temperature of +5+10 degrees. In this case, you don’t have to pay much for electricity.

It is only important in such a system to adhere to safety precautions: the convector must have separate wiring, directly from the panel, the cable must be well insulated and located in a non-flammable channel.

Heating main: to decide or not?

Installing a boiler in a bathhouse is always a bit of a hassle. In a good way, we need a project - and an approved project, and this is bureaucracy. But even without it there are enough problems: it’s expensive, you need competent installation, various safety measures are needed... That’s why some bath attendants are in favor of installing a heating main from the house. But there are some nuances here that you need to be aware of.

Firstly, there is no guarantee that the pipe in place will not be certain time groundwater accumulates over the years. Secondly, the heating main must be insulated - this is also an expense. Thirdly, if it is necessary to heat a bathhouse in winter in a trench, then all the pipes will have to be laid in a single pipe. large diameter- this is the only way to isolate communications from groundwater. But it will be possible to control the heat in the steam room simply remote control from home - and this is already comfort.

But, no matter what alternative heating method is chosen, the main thing is to calculate everything in advance, and, if possible, invite a specialist: an experienced eye in this matter will not hurt.

The Russian bath has always been a special ritual, and visiting it has long ago become a centuries-old tradition. The bathhouse relaxes, heals, calms, and brings peace. Many owners want to install a bathhouse on their property, but the heating issue can be difficult to resolve. Required element baths always had a stove. Its main purpose is to heat the air in the steam room to a certain temperature and at the same time heat the water for bathing. The best option is considered to be a stone stove, which not only copes excellently with the heating function, but is also a mandatory attribute of the Russian steam room. But a stone stove is not a cheap pleasure and it takes up a lot of space, but now you can buy ready-made metal stoves. But, if such stoves are suitable for bath procedures, then to maintain a constant temperature in the autumn - winter period- unlikely: they can be included in the heating system, but they need to be heated constantly, so no periodic visits, but only constant presence.

Bath heating system: brief description, main advantages and disadvantages

Constant heating of the bath can be organized in several ways:

Bath heating with gas boilers

If gas is installed on the site, then, naturally, gas heating of the bathhouse is the best option and installation gas boiler will justify itself: they work flawlessly, heat rooms that are quite large in size, and gas costs not that much in our country. There is no soot, soot, or heavy odor. You can do it yourself to heat a sauna using gas, but you must have a project and carefully monitor its implementation. In general, gas heating is economical and profitable option for the owner, but gas lines in a country house or in a village are the exception to the rule rather than the rule, so you have to think about how to heat a bathhouse without gas.

Electric heating

There are several options: you can install an electric boiler, since electricity is available almost everywhere. If we talk from a safety point of view, an electric boiler for heating a bathhouse is the safest option (subject to compliance with the rules and regulations). But the downside is that electricity costs a lot today, so you have to pay large accounts for electricity. Another difficulty is that you will have to provide a separate input to connect the boiler, and often not 220V, but 380V is required, and these are completely different requirements and tariffs.

Electric boilers for water heating baths

If you use modern models of electric water heating units, then the bills may not be very large: they are controlled automatically, which maintains the set temperature in the room. You can set the temperature to +5 0 C while you are not visiting the bathhouse. And the system will not freeze, and the bill will be small (provided that your building is well insulated). Moreover, to heat the bathhouse you can use stepped heating element boilers, etc. They are not ideal, but according to experience, they are economical: bills come in 20-30% less.

Bath heating with convectors

If possible, it is most convenient to use electric convectors. Such a heating system in a bathhouse, of course, will be expensive. The equipment is not cheap, and electricity bills will also be hefty. But what are they good for? modern convectors: it is possible to set a specific thermal regime, which is supported automatically. Many bathhouse owners do the following: while using the bathhouse, they heat the heater, and then set the anti-defrosting mode of the convector, which maintains the temperature in the room within +1 - +3 0 C. Thus, the bathhouse room does not freeze, does not become damp, and heating a bathhouse in winter will not cost a lot of money.

Electric heated floors

A very comfortable, but expensive type of heating. This applies to both the arrangement and the bills that will arrive. But if the bathhouse is insulated correctly and carefully, then maintaining the minimum temperature may not be so burdensome.

One more point: the system is installed at the construction stage or overhaul, which is also not very convenient. Modern ones are no longer just cords that were laid out on the surface, and if damaged, part of the floor turned out to be unheated. Eat roll materials with paralleled thermal tracks. If one or more fail, the performance of the others remains unchanged, and the floor is still as warm.

Solid fuel boilers

A special place is occupied by combined boilers using liquid or solid fuel. The option is economical, but not entirely profitable. Price for liquid fuel increases constantly, so installing heating in a bathhouse that works on this principle is not entirely profitable. It is more economical to use firewood or coal. But in this case, you need to understand that they will have to be delivered frequently, and the area with the bathhouse must be available at any time of the year. And still the same drawback: “autonomously” such boilers only work for a few hours. For heating baths located on suburban areas this is not an option.

Today it is becoming more common combined system bath heating. For this they use . In the absence of any type of fuel, it simply switches to electricity. But these boilers are only suitable for water heating, and it is difficult to install. But having set a goal, almost every person with minimal experience will be able to create a heating system in a bathhouse with their own hands and set it up uninterrupted.

We combine the heating of the dacha with the heating of the bathhouse

Twenty or thirty years ago, it never occurred to anyone that it was possible to create heating for a bathhouse from home. It was always believed: a bathhouse, there is a bathhouse, a house, there is a house, and they will not be connected together. However, modern technologies, the desire of owners to save money, and some other needs make it possible to think about how to install heating from a house to a bathhouse.

Any boiler requires a separate room, which must comply with all safety regulations and standards. In fact, without creating and approving a project in the relevant authorities, nothing will happen. All this requires both time and significant financial costs.

A heating main laid by yourself will be cheaper. Many amateur bath attendants do this. But even in this situation, there are certain rules and small tricks, knowing which a non-professional will avoid many problems in the future:

• When designing a heating main, take into account the location of groundwater: pipes should not be in water.
• The pipeline must be insulated, and a larger diameter pipe is put on top (corrugation can be used). Then it will be protected from groundwater, and heat loss will be small.

In general, the efficiency of such a bathhouse heating system will depend on the distance at which the bathhouse is located from the house. If the distance is short, then this option may be the best. But if the distance is significant, then it may turn out that by the time the water reaches the bathhouse, it will have cooled down so much that it will not be able to somehow influence its temperature.

Pellet boilers

This type of heating is used in almost 50% of European homes, and they can count. This popularity is based on the possibility automatic feeding fuel. Fuel is loaded into the bunker (it can be of any size from an ordinary box to a large room), which is supplied to the burner using a screw controlled by the boiler. In this mode, the system operates as long as there is fuel and the ash pan is not full. If the fuel is of high quality, the ash needs to be removed once every month and a half, and, as mentioned, it can be of any volume. The only thing: to ignite and maintain the operation of the equipment, guaranteed power is required (the consumption is very small). But modern heating systems, it seems, cannot work without electricity. Here, too, if you wish, you can find a solution - diesel engines, batteries, etc. Pellets are not that expensive; the only significant drawback is the cost of the boiler itself. Not everyone will decide to invest this amount in heating a bathhouse.

Pellet boilers are reliable and promising, but the equipment is expensive

As you can see, there are many ways to heat a bathhouse, but all of them are imperfect. You will have to weigh the pros and cons more than once and calculate the options.

Warm floors in a bathhouse are a good option for those who use it all year round, who have it at home, and for whom it not only serves its intended purpose, but is also the only bathroom in the house, especially during cold weather. That's when heated floors will make your holiday the sauna is even more enjoyable, especially if you decide to place them also under the main room. Then the warm floors of the steam room will become an excellent additional source of heating.

Advantages of a heated floor for a bath:

• The heating system is located inside the floor
• Uniform distribution of heat throughout the entire area of ​​the room
• At low cost – the ability to heat a large area
• Significant savings compared to electric

Warm floors in the bathhouse convenient to use, non-toxic and cheap in cost, but with all this it is necessary to have additional heating sources in the room, such as radiators, since heated floors cannot provide absolute heating of the entire room, especially when severe frosts set in.

What do heated floors look like?? Between the concrete base and its coating itself there is a system of pipes through which water is coming or other heating liquid. And in order for all the heat to go upstairs, they are immediately placed on, thus ensuring good sauna heating.

Now we will look at several very important points that you should consider when choosing a stove used to heat a bath. It is advisable to decide in advance what type of fuel the bathhouse will be heated with, it is good if it will be inexpensive, have recently been increasingly used. What kind of sauna stoves are there?:

• Permanent action. During the entire use of the steam room, it is necessary to constantly maintain the combustion of fuel.
• Periodic action. It is enough to heat them in advance.

Read also: Features of sauna brick stoves

Regardless of the size of the bath, always should be warm enough, and this function is most often performed by the oven, it is it that heats air throughout the room. First, you should decide on the material for the stove, and only then carefully familiarize yourself with the installation technology and operating rules sauna stove .

Continuous oven

home distinguishing feature ovens permanent action- this is a relatively small layer of masonry and not a large number of stones used in masonry. With a stove like this, you will have the ability to regulate the temperature, which can reach up to 360 degrees. To heat such a stove, you only need to ensure its connection to the electrical network. But you can also use gas as fuel.

Batch oven

The main feature of the stove periodic action - this is a thick layer of masonry and a large number of bricks that you will need to lay it out. Large wall thickness will protect the furnace surface from possible overheating and due to its high heat capacity there will be more for a long time provide heat.

This type of heating will allow you to increase the temperature of the lower part of the furnace up to 1000 degrees. Even when such a high temperature is reached, there is no soot settling, since it will all burn out.

Most suitable look fuel that can only be used in this type of bath- this is firewood. The use of coal for heating is not encouraged. You should not try to sharply lower the temperature of the oven, as this is dangerous and can cause destruction of the inner surface of the oven due to sudden changes.

Material selection

Think in advance about all the materials that you will use during construction; under no circumstances should they be flammable. Also arrange the necessary room ventilation. There are many materials recommended for the construction of a furnace, but the most popular are brick and steel.

Read also: Stoves for Russian baths with a closed heater

To heat the entire bathhouse, one heater stove is enough for you. Therefore, it can be made small to save space. Typically, periodic brick stoves are used for heating, although there are also those that are adapted for continuous combustion.

The main advantage of a heater stove is that for a long time after heating it will give off heat due to its high heat capacity, despite the fact that its heating time is minimal, it will be able to support high temperature in room. To install such a stove, you will need the services of an experienced stove maker, and this will be quite expensive.

Metal stoves mostly work based on the principle of constant action. This material is very thin and therefore cools quite quickly. That is why in such stoves the combustion process is constantly maintained, but it will also warm up much faster than a stone one, all for the same reason. For baths small size with a light foundation it is perfect option.

Fuel

The next very important point that you should pay attention to is: this is fuel. To fire a sauna, you can use far more than just firewood, as many people think. Of course, burning wood guarantees unique wood aroma and the special warmth of the bathhouse, but making a supply of firewood for the whole winter is not an easy task. Modern technologies can provide us with more convenient energy sources.

To date there are stone ovens, electricity, the same wood, and, of course, liquid fuel. There are also models that combine the use of several types of fuel at once. Of course, you can make a similar oven and with your own hands, but this will require special skills and the necessary experience.

If you use electric heating for a bath, you can adjust the current strength in the heating elements yourself. It is also very important not to forget during installation about installing an automatic protection system that will stop further supply of electricity if the temperature in the furnace becomes higher than the permissible norm.

When choosing fuel, you should pay attention to price and availability, in that firewood is significantly inferior in terms of, because they are very difficult to get, electricity is available to everyone, but it will be more expensive. Liquid fuel is not only flammable, it will also cost you a large sum. Gas is cheap, is easy to use, but it is not always possible to get it.

A bathhouse is a room specially equipped for washing a person, in which the main factors affecting the body are not only water, but also hot air and steam. About the benefits of the bath and its healing effect Today everyone knows it without exception. There are several types of baths

Russian steam room

Finnish sauna

Turkish hammam, etc.

The most widespread in our country are the Russian steam bath and the Finnish sauna, the simplicity of their design makes it possible to build them in private homes and on summer cottages.

Baths can be located in the premises of the main house, but more often separate buildings are made for them, consisting of a steam room, a wash room or shower room and a dressing room. Depending on the area of ​​the bathhouse (with its minimum size), the washing compartment can be combined with the steam room, and the dressing room may be absent altogether.

Another option is possible, in which a small pool with cold water, a font is installed, a shower device is mounted, etc.

Requirements for the heating system in the bathhouse

The heating system in the bathhouse must meet the needs for heat, hot water and steam, without which neither a Russian steam room, nor a sauna, nor turkish hammam. At the same time, heating in the bathhouse must be efficient, safe and economical, and the need for thermal energy arises periodically, only during the visit to the bathhouse.

In addition, the heat in the bath is not ordinary, but high-temperature. So, for example, in the steam room of a Finnish bath it is customary to maintain a temperature of at least 80C, and in a Russian steam room it is even higher: 100 degrees Celsius or more.

A conventional heating boiler with a radiator system will not cope with this task. It can only be used to heat the dressing room and organize hot water supply. A special sauna stove must be installed in the steam room.

Types of sauna stoves and their features

Wood-burning stoves are most often used to heat baths. They allow you to admire the view open flame, enjoy the crackling of logs, while feeling the aroma of real wood smoke. An alternative to a wood-burning stove is a gas stove, which has basically the same design, but is designed to burn gas rather than wood.

For those who love comfort, special electric sauna stoves are produced.

It should be noted that modern market sauna equipment simply amazes with the variety of stoves, among which the leading devices Finnish production ovens Harvia, Helo and Kastor. Russian stoves presented trademarks Termofor, Izhkomtsentr All-Russian Exhibition Center, Greyvari and many others.

However, choosing a good sauna stove is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. A traditional sauna stove should quickly heat the steam room and ensure steam generation in it. Essentially, the functions of a sauna stove can be divided into 2 components: steam generation and room heating.

Vaporization

In most cases, steam in a bathhouse is obtained in a simple way: splash a ladle of water onto the surface of a hot oven. It is clear that such sudden temperature changes, combined with the humid bath environment, have an unfavorable effect on the surface of the oven and destroy it.

Therefore, to generate steam in the bath, natural stones are used, which are heated on the surface of the stove, placing them in a special compartment called a heater. Hence the name of the sauna stove “heater”.

Pieces of hard and durable rock, usually of volcanic origin, which does not contain impurities hazardous to human health, are used as bath stones. Preference is given to jadeite, crimson quartzite and jade, which are resistant to temperature changes and have high heat capacity, and (according to experienced steamers), they make the steam especially high-quality and healing.

Pieces of rock placed in the stove heater accumulate thermal energy, the reserve of which ensures effective steam generation. Hot stones prevent water from entering the furnace body, thereby protecting it from corrosion.

For more efficient and, most importantly, constant steam generation, some manufacturers (for example, Russian company Termofor) included in the design of their furnaces elements that represent simple models steam generators.

Heating the steam room

As already mentioned, the temperature in the steam room must be maintained at a level close to 100 C. For this, ovens with enhanced heat transfer are used, transferring heat to the environment by convection and radiation. However, too much (burning) heat radiation is not welcome in the bathhouse. It does not contribute to comfort, although it provides the much-desired heat in the steam room.

The problem is solved simply: the casing of a “correct” sauna stove is made in the form of a convector, which provides heating for the rising air flows. At the same time, the outer surface of the casing is cooled, which makes the thermal radiation of the furnace softer and more comfortable.

As a result, a relatively small modern sauna stove will quickly heat the steam room and provide the required amount of steam.

Convector stoves are often lined with natural stone. This is beautiful, and also helps to increase the thermal inertia of the device.

The steam room was heated. What to do with the dressing room?

To heat the dressing room, you can use a separate stove, or you can install a stove with an extended fuel channel in the bathhouse, designed to heat two adjacent rooms. In such a device, the body (the stove mass) is located in the steam room, and the firebox is placed in the dressing room. As a rule, the heat entering through the combustion window is quite enough to heat it.

For those who would like to enjoy the sight of an open flame, they make stoves with an enlarged combustion window, the so-called “fireplace stoves”. The oven door is made translucent.

If the steam room is heated by an electric stove, a dressing room is used to heat the electric heaters. Infrared devices installed on the ceiling, as well as heated floors, are especially good for these purposes.

Stoves with an extended fuel channel are considered more convenient and safe. Their use takes the process of laying firewood outside the steam room. For those who would like to see the flame of the stove both in the dressing room and in the steam room, Kastor has developed a special model with translucent back wall Incendo 20.

Problems with hot water supply in the bathhouse

To heat water in the bathhouse, stoves with heat exchangers are used, as well as stoves with built-in tanks for heating water. The tank can be purchased separately and installed, for example, on a chimney.

Furnaces with heat exchangers are more convenient and efficient. They operate in the same way as a regular water heater. To ensure stock hot water you need to install a storage tank.

Choosing a sauna stove

Stoves for baths and saunas can have different powers from 2 kW to 40 kW or more. They are selected depending on the area of ​​the steam room and the tasks that are planned to be solved with their help. It is taken into account that the furnace with a heat exchanger must have greater power than normal heat a unit for providing heat to the steam room, because part of the energy it generates will be used to heat the water.

Video instructions - how to choose bath heating in the example

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Do-it-yourself sauna heating | Construction portal

The first association that each of us has when hearing the word “bath” is warmth. This is where you can truly warm up in severe frosts and relieve fatigue from overworked muscles. Regardless of the size, design and decoration of the bathhouse, its heart is the stove-heater. It is this that provides the heat in the steam room and comfortable temperature in other rooms. In order to organize the heating of a bathhouse with your own hands, you first need to decide on the choice of stove, and then study the technology of its installation and maintenance. It is also of great importance proper thermal insulation premises. Whatever the stove, it is important that the heat does not escape through the walls and ceiling.

Choosing a stove for a bath

When choosing a stove for a bath, you need to consider whole line criteria. Let's look at each of them separately.

Operating principle

There are continuous and intermittent stoves for heating baths (you will find drawings of some models below). In devices of the first type, it is necessary to maintain fuel combustion throughout the entire period of use of the steam room. The second ones need to be heated in advance.

Furnace material

There are a lot of materials for constructing a heater, but only two of them are the most common - brick and steel.

Most often, brick ovens are built intermittently, although there are also models that involve constant combustion. Their advantages include maintaining a high temperature in the room for a long time. But such an oven also takes a long time to warm up – more than 5 hours. So if you want to steam to your heart’s content in the evening, you need to start heating it in the afternoon. But then you can relax and have fun - the heating system of the bathhouse will no longer require your attention.

The disadvantages of such a stove include: high cost. To install it, you will need the services of an experienced stove maker, and they are not cheap. The price will also be affected by the need to lay a sufficiently powerful foundation, which is due to the large weight of the brick heater.

Metal sauna stoves most often operate on the principle of continuous operation.

The fact is that the walls of such a device are quite thin, which means they cool quickly. Therefore, to ensure proper heating in the bathhouse, the combustion process must be maintained all the time. However, a bathhouse with a metal stove warms up much faster than with a brick one - about 2 hours in the cold season. This heater is perfect for small baths with a light foundation.

Type of fuel

Another important criterion is the choice of fuel type. Many people believe that heating a bathhouse should only be done with wood. There is, of course, some truth in this. The combustion of wood provides a unique aroma and special warmth. But, you must admit, storing firewood for heating a bathhouse is quite troublesome. It’s much easier to just press a button or open the gas supply valve.

Today you can find heaters on sale using all types of fuel: gas, electric, wood and even liquid fuel. Multi-fuel models are also available. In addition, if you have some experience and a great desire, you can make such a stove yourself.

Of course, you need to start from what is more accessible and cheaper. So:

• firewood - traditional, but troublesome;
• electricity is convenient and widely available, but expensive;
• liquid fuel is flammable, inconvenient and quite expensive;
• gas is relatively cheap, convenient, but, unfortunately, not always available.

How to make heating in a bathhouse

As a rule, the only source of heat in the sauna is the heater. The exception is the large bath complexes, which include not only a steam room and dressing room, but also a relaxation room, a billiards room and a large swimming pool. In such rooms, the heating system is not much different from the usual indoor one, and the heater (usually electric) only heats the steam room.

If we talk about a classic bath, then the stove in it must be installed so that it warms up all the rooms to required temperature, and the water tank was located closer to the washing room.

A “through” arrangement of the furnace can be considered ideal. In this case, it is installed so that the firebox door is in the dressing room, the heater is in the steam room, and the water tank is in the wash room. A metal stove with a side heater is best suited for this installation. It looks something like this:

A – hot water outlet;

B – entrance cold water;

B – connection point with the chimney;

G – firebox;

D – blower;

E – heater.

And it is located in the room like this:

a – cold water inlet;

b – hot water outlet;

c – firebox;

d – heater.

In this case, all combustible wall elements must be protected with fireproof material.

It should be noted that a stove of this design can be built from brick, but it will take up much more space.

One more is enough practical option– a stove with a remote tank and an open heater. Its design provides for installation in the firebox of a register for heating water. This scheme for heating the bathhouse and heating the water for washing allows you to avoid premature boiling of the liquid in the tank and the appearance of damp steam in a still unheated room.

It should be noted that the lower edge of the tank must be located at least half a meter above the register level.

Whatever stove design you choose, you must strictly follow the rules for its installation.

Rules for installing a metal stove

• The base for the stove must be non-flammable. It can be made from fireclay bricks, sheet metal or concrete. For beauty, such a base can be covered with tiles.
• The firebox door should be directed towards the opposite corner.
• The floor in front of the firebox should not be flammable. If the base is made of wood, it is necessary to cover it with a sheet of metal at least 60 cm wide.

• It is better to line a metal stove with brick. This will not only protect you from burns on a hot surface, but will also serve as decoration.

It can be a good helper for someone who independently organizes the heating of a bathhouse - instructions for the heater. It usually states required distance from the stove to the wall and describes how to organize a chimney.

Rules for installing a brick kiln

Given enough heavy weight brick oven, it is important to provide it with a solid foundation - reinforced reinforced concrete foundation.

An experienced stove maker can best handle the construction of such a heater, but if you have some skills in this matter and decide to tackle it yourself, take into account the following recommendations:

Some features of gas bath heating

Considering the possibility of leakage and explosiveness of gas, special requirements are imposed on stoves using this type of fuel:

• The stove must be equipped with an automatic device that will stop the gas supply if the flame goes out.
• To supply natural gas, you can use a common pipeline, but for butane and propane you need to arrange an individual one.
• For gas heating of a bathhouse, the same fire safety rules apply as for metal furnaces on other types of fuel.

Chimney organization

Bathhouses have not been heated “in black” for a long time, which means that the installation of a heater requires proper organization removal of combustion products. To install the chimney you will need the following elements:

• ceiling-passage unit;
• “flash” - passage through the roof;
• "umbrella";
• sandwich pipe.

The sandwich pipe is connected to the outlet of the furnace, and in the place where it passes through the ceiling a ceiling-passage assembly is installed.

Important! Despite the fact that the sandwich pipe design provides a layer heat-insulating material, it may not be enough to prevent the ceiling from catching fire. When organizing gas heating in a bathhouse, you should not save on additional protection the place where the chimney exits to the street. This can lead to irreparable consequences.

The outer edge of the pipe must be covered with an “umbrella” that will protect it from rain and snow.

All stages of installing the heater and installing the chimney are shown in the video:

That's all the basic rules. Remember, no matter what type of heating devices you choose, the main thing is to ensure the safety of their use.

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Heating in the bathhouse

There are special requirements for heating in a bathhouse. This is due to the fact that the steam room needs to be at a high temperature (more than 100°C). An ordinary heating boiler cannot cope with such a task (it is simply not designed for this); for this you need a sauna stove, which is initially designed to produce high-temperature heat. Well, if necessary, the boiler can serve as an additional source of energy for heating utility rooms and hot water supply.

Wooden bathhouse on two floors.

Before talking about heating options in a bathhouse, you should decide on the following questions:

1. Where will the bathhouse be located, namely: in the house in the form of a separate room, next to the house or at a considerable distance from it in the form of a separate structure;
2. Type of bath: Russian, Finnish, Turkish, etc.;
3. Size and layout of areas (steam room, locker room, relaxation room, shower, etc.);
4. Frequency of use (year-round or seasonal);
5. Priorities (what comes first: level of comfort or financial indicators).

Infrastructure aspects, such as the availability of a stable power supply, gas communications, and fuel resources, are of no small importance. It often happens that the type of heating becomes obvious immediately after the final decision is made, taking into account all the above factors. But it still happens more often that you have to choose from several alternatives, which are outlined below.

Brick oven

A good option for heating a bathhouse with a spacious steam room, allowing you to solve several problems at once: get high-quality (soft) steam, hot water and heat adjacent rooms of a small area. Such a stove does not heat up quickly, but retains heat for a long time after the end of the fire. The stove can be heated with wood or coal ( classic way), and electricity or gas (mainline or bottled).

Brick stove for a bathhouse with water heating.

Since the main purpose of the stove is to generate steam, it is naturally placed in a steam room. However, a prudent owner will definitely take care of its maximum use and ease of use. For example, the location of the firebox opening in the dressing room, and the water tank in the washing room (if there is one) makes it possible to warm up the (main or additional) utility rooms.

Unfortunately, a brick oven is not a cheap pleasure. Firstly, you need a solid foundation, secondly, a special refractory brick, and thirdly, a qualified craftsman (stove maker). In total, these costs will amount to a decent amount.

Stove-heater

The oven got its name because steam generation occurs by splashing water onto hot natural stones placed in a specially designated compartment. Furnaces of this type are distinguished by great diversity in design, material used, and type of fuel.

Heating of the bathhouse from the stove in the steam room.

From the point of view of layout, the stove-heater can be open or closed. In the first case, the container for storing stones has open access, in the second it is closed with a lid. An open heater quickly warms up the steam room and produces dry steam at a high temperature (more than 100°C). A closed heater spends more time and fuel heating the room, and the steam is more humid and less hot. But such a stove cools down much more slowly, retaining heat for a long time. From the above it follows that an open heater is better suited for a sauna, and a closed one is better suited for a Russian bath.

As for the material, the choice here is limited to either brick or heat-resistant steel. A steel stove will be cheaper and easier to operate, but it will also cool faster. To equalize the pros and cons of both options, they often resort to a combined design, in which there is both brickwork and metal elements. In particular, you can enclose a brick heater in metal carcass, you can install a metal firebox or, conversely, line the firebox of a steel stove with brick from the inside.

Modern heater stoves are produced for almost any type of energy resource: wood, gas, electricity. The main thing is that they maximum efficiency provided heating to a high temperature of the stone material, which serves both to generate steam and to retain heat.

Special requirements are placed on the properties of stones: when heated, they should not emit substances harmful to human health and at the same time have a high calorific value. To such natural stones include jadeite, gabbro-diabase, basalt, white quartz, etc.

Ariston ABS PRO ECO 80V - hot water boiler for heating the relaxation room of a bathhouse.

Heating of additional rooms

The heat capacity of a sauna stove may not be enough to heat adjacent sauna rooms, such as a dressing room, a rest room, etc. For a sauna inside a house, this is not a problem: these areas are simply connected to the general heating system. If we are talking about a free-standing bathhouse, then this issue is usually resolved by installing additional heating devices such as radiators, convectors, infrared heaters, etc. For small adjacent rooms, it is advisable to use a chimney-convector that uses the heat of exhaust gases and does not require auxiliary energy sources.

Heating the rest room in the bathhouse.

For separately standing bathhouse, except for the installation of auxiliary heaters, a promising option There may be a heat supply from a house in which a heating system is already operating. However, there are two things to consider here important points: Is the boiler’s power reserve sufficient to “pull” heating in the bathhouse, and is it possible to extend the heating main from the house to the bathhouse. If the answer to both questions is positive, such a heating scheme deserves attention: it may turn out to be more economical than other options due to the absence of the need to purchase or construct additional energy sources. But it should be borne in mind that if the heating main is too long and, moreover, not well insulated, large heat losses will negate the savings obtained.

Video

otoplenie-guide.ru

Do-it-yourself high-quality sauna heating

• Some useful tips for installing a sauna stove
• Heating systems for permanent baths
• Water and infrared floor installation

The benefits of a bathhouse are well known, so a bathhouse in a house or on a property has become a common occurrence. When choosing heating for the dressing room and steam room, you should take into account the expected number of people wanting to take a steam bath and the possibility of using one or another type of fuel.

Water heating scheme.

Heater for heating and steam - an option for small baths

If the sauna room is small and is used only for its intended purpose, then a sauna stove will be enough for both a steam room and a dressing room. It is not difficult to make heating in such a bathhouse even with your own hands.

It is very important not to make a mistake when choosing a heater. A variety of ready-made bath heating devices allows you to choose exactly the device you need.

The power of the sauna stove is selected according to the area; for each m² there should be at least 1 kW, moreover, it is necessary to have a reserve of 50%, which will make it possible to use the sauna in severe frosts. If the room is designed to maintain positive temperatures, then there is no need for a reserve.

Sauna stoves can operate on different types of fuel and, although it is traditionally believed that a sauna should be heated with wood, this is not always justified. Often, preparing firewood, especially if you do it yourself, takes a lot of effort and time. It is most convenient to use electricity, but this is the most expensive heating option. Natural gas is a minimum of labor costs and is relatively cheap, but it is not always possible to connect to the main line. Liquefied gas will cost more. Liquid fuel is expensive, inconvenient to use and dangerous. Having selected a stove based on power and type of fuel, or purchased a multi-fuel model, you can begin installing it yourself.

Heating system installation diagram.

Since a bathhouse usually has three rooms: a dressing room, a steam room and a wash room, the best option when installing a stove with your own hands is the option in which the firebox is in the dressing room, the heater is in the steam room, and a container with heated water is in the wash room. Existing models with a side-mounted heater will provide just such a configuration of the heating elements of the stove.

When building walls in a bathhouse, flammable materials (wood, insulation) are very often used, so when installing a sauna stove with your own hands, one should not forget about fire safety. Fireproof material is laid between the walls and the stove. The oven is installed on a steel sheet with non-flammable thermal insulation, and if it is heated with wood, then before combustion door the same heat-insulated sheet is required. The pipe is discharged through a ceiling device made of sheet steel and having a hole of the appropriate diameter. The installation of the furnace is carried out before Finishing work.

A steel heater warms up the room very quickly, but requires constant burning, since it has practically no ability to accumulate heat. The heat from this type of heater is hard to create more comfortable conditions ventilation will be needed.

A sauna stove made of brick has a number of advantages. Fat brick walls accumulate heat, gradually releasing it to the room. The process of heating the bath takes a long time, but the heat lasts a long time and there is no need for continuous burning. Making a brick heater with your own hands is difficult even if you have some construction skills. It is better to entrust the masonry to a qualified stove builder, but you can make a foundation of reinforced concrete for the stove on your own.

To maintain optimal temperature in all bath rooms, it is best to heat the bath using a heater installed in the steam room. For small-sized baths, consisting of a dressing room, a wash room and a steam room, a single stove, as a rule, is installed in such a way that the heater is located in the steam room, the stove firebox is located in the dressing room, and the storage tank for heated water is located in the washing room.

Simplified bath heating systems

The easiest to manufacture, maintain and operate is the system in which the bath is heated from a stove in the steam room. That is, the stove-heater, which provides maximum heating of the surrounding air and the production of heated steam, is located in a steam room, and its combustion part, through which flammable material is loaded, is taken out to the dressing room. Moreover, due to the implementation similar design The bathhouse is heated from the sauna stove simultaneously in both the steam room and the dressing room. In this case, the washing compartment of the bathhouse is heated by placing a hot water tank in it, and, if necessary, an additional heating battery.

The storage tank, located in the washing compartment of the bathhouse, is connected by pipes to a heat exchanger heated by a sauna stove. Heating water in storage tank produced using circulation pump pumping water through a heat exchanger located either directly in the fuel combustion area or on the chimney pipe of the stove.

Bath stove with heat exchanger for heating and receiving required quantity hot water is the most effective and simple way to maintain optimal temperature in all rooms of the bathhouse. Such combined design

It is quite economical in terms of fuel consumption, generates a large amount of heat and has a relatively short time to reach operating mode.

Bath stoves and their features continuous burning fuel, or in a cyclic mode, with periodic loading of combustible material. Natural gas, wood, charcoal or fuel pellets can be used as fuel. In addition, electric stoves of appropriate power can be used to heat the bath and heat the water.

Continuous combustion furnaces are usually made from steel. Such a furnace heats up quickly and cools down quickly when the fuel supply to it is stopped. Sometimes the surface of steel stoves is lined with decorative non-flammable material, which increases its safety and heat capacity.

Stoves used in cyclic mode for heating a room must have a high heat capacity and the ability to retain heat for a long time after the fuel supply has stopped. They are made from refractory bricks, which have a large mass and high heat capacity. Such an oven, after heating, can maintain a high temperature sufficiently long time. The disadvantages of such furnaces include a long time to reach the operating mode, that is, a long time for heating the furnace in a cold state.

To organize the supply of hot water to the bathhouse, as well as for heating the premises, stoves equipped with systems are used forced circulation hot water, as well as heat exchangers.

Furnaces with heat exchangers

Furnaces equipped with heat exchange devices allow you to successfully solve all the problems of heating a room, heating water, and creating steam. Heating a bathhouse from the heat exchanger of a bathhouse stove can include not only the main rooms of the bathhouse, but also auxiliary ones, for example, a shower room, a relaxation room, a swimming pool, a billiard room, etc.

When designing a stove equipped with heat exchange devices, even at the stage of building a bathhouse, the following should be taken into account:

• dimensions of the bathhouse and area of ​​heated premises;
• dimensions and weight of the furnace;
• specific gravity heating device;
• the number of heat exchange devices included in the furnace kit;
• the total volume and composition of the circulating coolant;
• diameter and length of the chimney.

Sauna stoves with a heat exchanger can be connected using heat-insulated pipes:

1. TO remote tank for heating water used in the washing section of the bathhouse.
2. To heating radiators located in the service areas of the bathhouse - the recreation room, billiard room, etc.
3. To a hot water supply and water heating system, which includes not only the main and service areas of the bathhouse, but also the living areas of the house.

Stoves for heating baths with wood come with an internal or external heat exchanger. The internal heat exchanger is located in combustion chamber between the body and the casing. It uses heat obtained directly from the combustion of fuel and heating of the furnace.

An external heat exchanger is installed around the chimney pipe. It uses the heat given off by heated gases when they are removed outside. Due to the increased volume of the external heat exchanger, its operating efficiency increases. Using the heat of gases escaping through the chimney allows you to save fuel and increase the efficiency of the furnace by reducing the temperature of the exhaust gases.

IN cast iron stove The water in the heat exchanger is heated by exhaust flue gases and thermal radiation. The heat exchanger body is located in the upper part of the firebox in the area chimney.

A brick stove for a bath assumes the location of a heat exchanger inside brickwork in close proximity to the firebox. This somewhat increases the thermal inertia of the heat exchanger, and also reduces the likelihood of its overheating or oxidation of its surface under the influence of open fire.

The heat exchanger providing heating of the bath from the stove in the steam room must comply with technical parameters effective power of the water heating system, operating pressure in the system, volume and composition of the circulating coolant.

Features of a sauna stove with a heat exchanger

A sauna stove equipped with a heat exchanger has certain design features.

These include, in particular:

• tube supply system for coolant circulation;
• thickened body walls;
• increased volume of the heater;
• the presence of an air distributor is mandatory;
• firebox door made of heat-resistant glass.

The heat exchanger operates due to the constant circulation of water through all devices that make up the heating system in the bathhouse. For effective use heat exchanger, the length of each connecting pipe should be a maximum of 3 m. Especially if there is no external thermal insulation of the pipe.

Subject to compliance, as well as the presence of forced ventilation and thermoregulation systems, a universal stove for baths and home heating can be equipped with a heat exchanger. The stove itself can be located in the bathhouse and connected to the living quarters of the house using a thermally insulated heating pipeline and supplying the home with hot water.

To organize water circulation in the system central heating, and also to supply hot water to the premises of the house and to the washing compartment of the bathhouse, an automated system is used to maintain constant pressure in the line.

The most simple design universal oven is an electric stove with separate electric heaters for the stove sections with a heat exchanger and the heater.

Such a furnace can operate in several modes, namely:

1. In the mode of heating the residential premises of the house and its hot water supply (DHW) while maintaining the minimum required temperature in the bathhouse premises during the cold season.
2. In heating mode for baths and the entire house with hot water supply during the cold season.
3. Organization of heating of the bathhouse and heater in the summer.

A similar stove for bathing and heating at the same time can be created in the form of a device continuous action on natural gas or fuel pellets. Use as fuel charcoal or wood in this case is difficult and has certain technical difficulties. After all, wood or coal stoves do not provide the ability to automatically adjust the temperature. This can lead to sudden temperature changes in heating main.

If it is possible to connect to a natural gas main or an industrial voltage electric cable, you can make a sauna stove from a heating boiler operating on gas or electricity, respectively. Such a stove can perform the functions of a heating and water heating system. Together with the heating boiler in the bathhouse, you can also install a small steel wood-burning stove in the steam room.

If the central heating system of the house has sufficient power, the auxiliary rooms of the bathhouse can be heated using it. For this from home system heating, heat-insulated pipes are laid to the bathhouse, to which heating radiators are connected auxiliary premises baths In this case, the stove-heater can only be used to heat the steam or washing section of the bath, if necessary.

If the distance from the water heating boiler of a residential building to the bathhouse is small, then heat loss with such a heating system can be minimal. In addition, the presence of an independent external heating system will allow you to maintain the optimal temperature in the bathhouse during the winter. This is required to prevent freezing of water supply and sewerage pipes, as well as the bathhouse itself. The combination of heating systems for a residential building and a bathhouse in this case can be of an auxiliary, backup nature.