How to make a sewer at home. Sewage diagram in a private house. Laying and distributing sewer pipes

A private house that is not equipped with a sewerage system is not very convenient for living, especially in cold weather. You have to wash in a basin and run to the toilet in the rain and frost. But what should a person do who bought an estate that is not equipped with such benefits of civilization? And he will only have to solve a couple of questions:

• Install sewerage inside the house.
• Install an external drainage system.

In this article we will take a closer look at the main methods of laying sewerage in private property. The types of waste systems and some recommendations for their construction will be presented and described.

general information

If the housing is located in locality, which is equipped central system sewerage, then it will be enough to issue a package permitting documents for connection, create an insertion plan, as well as a diagram according to which pipes and sanitary installations will be placed, and produce the entire volume necessary work. But if there is no central line, then the situation becomes much more complicated, and the list of issues that will have to be resolved becomes much longer. First, you need to decide what type it will be autonomous sewerage for a private house:

• septic tank;
• storage pit;
• filtration well.

Secondly, what will be the volume of the container in which the wastewater is collected. It will depend on the number of people using the sewer system and its type. Third, determine the type. What will it be internal or free-flow? Fourth, where will it be located? local construction, collecting or purifying wastewater. Now let’s look at the solution to these issues in order.

How is sewerage installed inside buildings in private houses?

This issue is easier to solve than others. New technologies make it possible to place, regardless of the distance to sewer pipes. And if it is impossible to drain the wastewater by gravity, you can use a device that provides forced drainage (special installation). This option has many positive aspects:

Which one is better to use?

To make a sewer system in a private house, the best option can be called gray plastic pipes. If you plan to hide them in a solid wall, it is better to connect them using welding or a press fitting. Such pipes have several important positive qualities:

1. They are not subject to corrosion.
2. on their internal walls plaque does not accumulate.
3. The service life of such products is tens of years.
4. They do not require additional maintenance.

Laying rules

Construction of an external drainage system

Information on how sewerage is installed in private houses is presented in detail. regulations SanPin and SNiP. The following points must be taken into account:

1. Treatment facilities are located at least 10 meters from the foundations and 8 meters from the adjacent site.
2. The distance to the drinking water intake is at least 20 m.
3. The drainage system is installed below the water intake.

Cesspools

If the number of residents does not exceed 1-2 people, then it is more profitable to install a sewer system in a private house with access to it. It is a sealed structure or container designed to collect wastewater. This simplest design for similar needs. The walls are made of wood, brick or stone. They are coated with greasy clay, and the floor is concreted, top floor It is best to also make it concrete with a hatch for cleaning.

Septic tank

This is an installation that is designed not only for collecting, but also for treating wastewater. Typically, a biological anaerobic system is used. You can do it yourself. But you can purchase, for example, such as an autonomous sewer system for a private house "Topas". In the case of ready-made factory systems, if there is a need to increase throughput drain, you just need to install another container. A homemade septic tank is quite complex design, which purifies wastewater using a special drainage system. First, a well is dug with a volume equal to three daily inflow volumes. In this case, the sewerage scheme in a private house should provide for the location of this well at a distance of 5 to 20 meters from the house. Its walls should be lined with blocks, stone or bricks and insulated, and the floor should be filled with concrete.

Most often the septic tank has round shape and walls a quarter of a meter thick. The drainage network must be located at least 30 meters from the house and below the water intake level. The sewer pipe must enter the well at least 1.5 meters from the soil surface, depending on the level to which the soil freezes. But at the same time, the level of the pipe entry into the well should be several centimeters higher than the drainage exit level. Wastewater is discharged from the septic tank through tees. Their upper ends are left open, and cleaning pipes of the same cross-section are installed above them. Pipes are connected to the lower edges of the tees, ending half a meter below the wastewater level in the septic tank.

Filtration wells

Such facilities provide for wastewater treatment mechanically. usually used on sandy soils. Sand, gravel and clay are poured around them. The sewerage scheme in a private house using filtration wells involves installation deep into the ground, below aquifers drainage pipe. At the same time, wastewater, passing through a natural soil filter - gravel, sand and clay, is purified and goes into the ground. Naturally, before installing sewerage in private houses based on the operation of a filtration well, you should choose appropriate place for the placement of this structure. First of all we dig required size foundation pit For example, for a family of 4 people, you will need a volume of 10 m 3 (size approximately 3x1.8x2 meters). The bottom of the pit is filled with sand and gravel, where the structure needs to be installed or built. During construction, we make holes for the entrance of the sewer pipe, ventilation outlet, overflow and disposal of treated waste. When this structure is ready, the pipeline should begin to be drawn to it.

Laying an external sewer line

We carry out sewerage in a private house to the filtration well in two ways: either by digging a trench, or by the trenchless method using a pneumatic installation. Pipes for external network It's better to use plastic ones. They should be laid in trenches on a bed of sand and gravel; with the trenchless method, this, of course, is not necessary. Regarding the construction sewer wells, then they should be done every 15 meters, and the first one from the house should be at a distance of 12 meters. A well should also be built at every turn of the highway. The depth at which the sewer pipeline must be laid is at least 80 cm. If it is less, it is necessary to insulate it in order to prevent freezing during the cold season.

In this article, we examined in detail how sewerage is installed in private houses, and we can say that this matter is not so difficult and is quite within the capabilities of a responsible and hardworking person who is ready to do everything on his own, if available. quality materials and the necessary tools.

During design and installation internal sewerage For a private home, no one is immune from errors that can lead to unpredictable consequences, from the appearance of an unpleasant odor to the complete inoperability of the system. Let's consider in this article the concept of internal sewerage in a private house: design and installation rules + analysis common mistakes, arising in the process of all this.

General characteristics of a modern internal sewerage system

Today, the construction of private suburban housing is experiencing a real boom. Therefore, there was a need to create a convenient and modern system sewer system that I could install a common person without a construction education. Such a system should have good performance, since the number of plumbing fixtures producing domestic waste increased significantly. After all, with the advent of automatic washing machines, dishwashers, Jacuzzis and showers, the water consumption of a typical household increased to 200 liters per person per day.

An increase in the number of plumbing fixtures leads to a significant complication of the pipeline networks. Fortunately, today PVC pipes are used for sewer installation, which are supplied with auxiliary fittings, with the help of which installation of a pipeline becomes no more difficult than making a craft from children's construction set. All these details provide O-rings, which can be easily replaced if necessary.

Internal sewage system is a set of plastic pipes and fittings for their connection, serving to drain wastewater from plumbing fixtures. The devices themselves are equipped with siphons necessary to prevent odor from penetrating into the premises. Pipe laying is subject to strict rules, non-compliance with which is fraught with disruption of the entire system.

Rules for laying pipes during the construction of internal sewerage

The riser serves as the central drainage channel in the entire sewer system of the house. There can be one for the whole house. If the house is too large or the bathrooms are located at a considerable distance from each other, then two or more risers are made. They represent vertically installed pipes, which start in the basement and end on the roof. Bottom part The riser is connected to an inclined pipe of the same or larger diameter, which goes outside into a wastewater storage tank or wastewater treatment plant. The upper part of the riser rises above the roof by at least 0.5 m. It is open or equipped with a check valve. Why this is needed - we will consider further. All inlets leading from plumbing fixtures are connected to risers.

Hydrodynamics of liquids in pipes

The pipe is a cylinder with water moving inside it. When the pipe is completely filled with water, a piston effect occurs. This means that at the top of the water plug the pressure drops sharply, and at the bottom, on the contrary, it increases. In a situation where there is an explosive flush from the toilet tank, the resulting vacuum can suck out all the water from the siphons. This is fraught with the appearance of odors in the premises. On the contrary, as the fluid moves, a overpressure, which is capable of pushing out sewage from devices located below the toilet.

Ignoring the laws of hydrodynamics leads to two common mistakes when designing and installing sewer systems. The first mistake is not using a ventilation device. The background pipe running from the riser to the roof not only removes unpleasant odors, but also serves as a pressure compensator in the system. Indeed, if it is present, the reduced pressure above the water piston will not suck water out of the siphons, but will ensure that air enters the system from the atmosphere, which again levels the pressure.

The second common mistake is that all plumbing fixtures are connected through supply pipes to the riser below the toilet. This is unacceptable, as it will certainly cause sewage to pour into the sink or shower stall when flushing. Similar problems arise when the supply pipes are longer than what is allowed for them. To avoid such troubles, it is necessary to formulate some important rules for installation of intra-house sewerage.

Rules for the installation of intra-house sewage systems, the violation of which is unacceptable

Attention! Violation of the following rules may lead to serious disruption of internal sewer system or the occurrence of an emergency.

• The connection of the toilet to the riser must be carried out separately from other plumbing devices.
• All other plumbing elements are included in the system above the toilet connection point. Several devices can be located on one supply pipe if their performance allows.
• Any supply pipe must have a diameter no less than that of largest diameter liner from the device.
• The outlet from the toilet has a diameter of 100 mm, therefore, the riser should not be thinner than it.
• The toilet is installed at a distance of no more than 1 m from the riser, and other devices no further than 3 m.
• If the house has a supply pipe longer than 3 m, then it should not be thinner than 70 mm. The liner, which is longer than 5 m, is made from a 100 mm pipe.

If increasing the diameter of the supply pipes is for some reason impossible, then there is a way to circumvent this rule. To do this, it is necessary to bring the end of such a pipe to the roof and provide vacuum valve or loop it onto a riser above all other devices.

Quantitative characteristics of sewer pipe laying parameters

I exist important nuances, compliance with which will ensure the operation of the sewage system in optimal mode:

• Tilt everyone horizontal pipes depends on the diameter of their cross-section. The standards say that a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm should be lowered by 3 cm each linear meter length, having a diameter of 100 to 110 mm per 2 cm per meter. Pipes with a diameter of more than 160 mm can be tilted no more than 0.8 cm per linear meter.
• An indicator such as the height difference for a toilet should be 1 m, and for other devices 3 m. Exceeding these parameters should be accompanied by the organization of ventilation at the ends of the corresponding inlets.

Another common mistake is incorrect registration corners If you make 90-degree angles, then as a result of the rebound, a blockage of waste will form in this place, and the pipe will quickly clog. For this reason, it is necessary to create a smooth flow of water at the corners. For this purpose, shaped parts are used that have an inclination angle of 135 degrees.

The fourth mistake is that the vent pipe is brought out not onto the roof, but into the general home ventilation. Such a device will create an unforgettable “aroma” in the entire house, which can only be gotten rid of by redoing the entire system.

In order to prevent the sounds of water moving through the pipes from being heard, it is necessary to arrange sound insulation. To do this, the pipes are wrapped with mineral wool and placed in boxes made of plasterboard sheets. For timely and convenient maintenance, pipes are equipped with inspection hatches every 15 m. The same applies to all turns.

Fifth mistake. The pipe connecting the internal sewerage system and the septic tank is not installed check valve. In this case, if the outdoor disposal units overflow, water can rise up the pipes and flood the basement.

Errors related to connecting siphons

Connection of any plumbing fixture to the sewerage system is carried out through siphons shaped like the letter U. This curved shape allows water to constantly remain in it. It forms a water barrier and prevents odors from penetrating into the room. However, this system stops working when certain errors are made. Main mistake– lack of ventilation. In this case, the vacuum simply sucks the water out of the siphon, allowing odors to wander freely throughout the house. Another reason for the appearance of an unpleasant odor is the banal evaporation of water from the siphon. This happens when the device is rarely used. You just need to plug the rarely used device with a rag.

What calculations are made when planning internal sewerage

Work on designing internal sewerage must be carried out strictly in accordance with the above rules. In addition, to comply with them, certain calculations are required:

• On general scheme indicate the places where this or that device will be located. Its distance from the riser, the diameter of the supply pipe, the mounting option and connection to the sewer are thought out in advance. At the same time they calculate required amount materials.
• Determined by the type of sewer system itself. They are pressure and gravity. Typically, due to simplicity, a system is used in which water flows under the influence of Earth's gravity. The main thing here is to calculate the slope of the pipes according to the rules outlined above.
• According to technical specifications of each sanitary fixture, its instantaneous flow is calculated. The thickness of the supply pipe depends on this indicator. In most cases, a 50 mm pipe is suitable for all devices except the toilet
• Calculate the most optimal location for installing the riser. Most often these are toilets. If there are two of them in the house, in different vertical planes, then it’s better to make two risers.
• The sewerage scheme must be calculated in such a way as to minimize the number of available rotation angles. This will significantly reduce the risk of blockages.

The above calculations, performed correctly, will make the sewage system more efficient and effective even when overloads occur.

What is needed to build an in-house sewerage system

As mentioned above, the main thing in installing a sewer system inside a house is drawing up a detailed drawing indicating all the devices and dimensions of the elements. For installation, sewer pipes made of polyvinyl chloride are used. The arrangement of their ends is such that two pipes can be connected by placing the end of one into the socket of the other. Pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are used for risers, and 50 mm for other devices. To connect to external sewerage, a corrugated pipe is used due to its better resistance to soil movement.

The tools usually used are: a saw for cutting plastic pipes, sharp knife and rubber mounting seals. The pipes are cut with a saw, the cuts are aligned and chamfers are made with a knife. Rubber seals inserted into the sockets. Various fittings are used to connect pipes into the system:

• Bends or elbows that are needed to form corners. They are produced with a bend of 45 and 90 degrees. Their ends are also equipped with sockets with seals to create tight connections.
• If it is necessary to connect pipe scraps of the same diameter, transition bends are used.
• Tees various types are fittings for organizing pipe branches.
• Transition couplings are needed to create transitions between pipes of different thicknesses.

A common mistake when installing plastic sewer pipes is ignoring their heating. To make the pipes fit easier and more tightly into each other and into the connecting fittings, the sockets must be heated in hot water.

Sequence of work when installing internal sewerage

Installation of the sewer system inside the house is carried out in the following order:

First, they install risers, leading their ends to the roof and into the basement. They should be located in close proximity to toilets. In the basement, they are connected to an inclined pipe that goes outside into the septic tank, and the upper ends are left open or equipped with check valves.

Secondly, the supply lines from the toilets are brought to the riser. They must be separate.

Thirdly, they connect the supply lines from other devices above the toilet entrances to the risers.

Fourthly, siphons are installed on all devices.

Fifthly, the siphons are connected to the connections.

In conclusion, let’s say that a properly designed and assembled sewer system will work as expected. for a long time without serious problems.

July 7, 2016
Specialization: master of internal and exterior decoration(plaster, putty, tiles, drywall, lining, laminate and so on). In addition, plumbing, heating, electrical, conventional cladding and balcony extensions. That is, renovations in an apartment or house were done on a turnkey basis with all necessary types works

Of course, it is best if the sewerage installation in a private house is done with your own hands simultaneously with laying the foundation, even before the construction of the building frame. Of course, this requires preliminary design and planning, but this way you can avoid difficult passages through the foundation strip and dismantling the floor covering.

But, despite such features, there are certain requirements for laying the pipeline, which I want to talk about in more detail and invite you to watch the video in this article.

Installation of sewerage pipeline

Five important requirements

First, I want to list you five basic requirements, without which not a single installation of sewer pipes in a private house can be done. But I will do this briefly in order to focus your attention on further instructions on installation.

1. In any case, no matter where you lay the sewer pipeline - in a house, in an apartment, in a basement, by air or underground, you will have to maintain a certain slope, and different for each diameter. Of particular importance are the main pipes leading to a storage or flow tank - the quality of the drain depends on the correct slope. If you make it more than necessary, then the water will wash the feces without washing them away, and if it is less, then again the preconditions for clogging will be created due to the low intensity of fluid movement.
2. If this is a sewerage installation in an apartment, then there are short sections of pipeline, but in a private house they increase significantly, which requires inserting revisions. In addition, in cases where the length of the route on a site exceeds 10 m, inspection wells should be installed there.
3. When laying a sewer system in a private house (underground installation is meant), certain distances to objects and structures must be observed, which are discussed in SNiP 2.04.03-85 and SNiP 2.04.01-85.
4. To prevent the system from freezing, winter period the pipeline must be laid on zero point freezing of the soil, or below it. But since in some regions of Russia this limit is deeper than two meters, in such cases they often resort to installing thermal insulation.
5. Pipes should be laid only on a sand cushion and covered with it, as shown in the photo in the subtitle. This protects PVC from deformation and damage from sharp stones and metal objects.

Indoor sewerage

First of all, you should firmly understand that the sewerage layout in a private house or apartment, that is, indoors, remains the same in principle. In 99% of the most extreme point There will always be a toilet flush - this is a 110 mm pipe into which all other bathrooms are already inserted - an example of such a device is shown in the top diagram.

In any case, at the exit from the room, be it a riser or a sun lounger, a 110 pipe is used, although on the street or in the basement the diameter may increase if other waste systems are connected there.

Of course, the slope in the room is also important - this does not apply except to automatic washing machine where the drainage is forced, a counter-slope is even possible if the characteristics of the room require it.

In addition, the room may have risers between floors or leading to the main drainage line - here, too, a diameter of 110 mm is used for polyvinyl chloride. But for the correct distribution of slopes, you better use the table that I give below.

Table of optimal and minimum slope for sewer pipes

To connect pipes to each other, to make turns and to change to another diameter, special fittings and rubber reductions are used - with their help, all, even the most complex, connections are made. Basically, the sewerage is installed in the bathroom and toilet, that is, where most of the plumbing is located, but a tie-in from the sink and dishwasher is also added there.

An automatic washing machine can be installed both in the bathroom and in the kitchen and it is not at all necessary to make a separate drain for it. Currently, siphons with a special outlet are produced, as shown in the top photo.

By by and large, a dishwasher can also be connected to such an outlet, but I personally prefer to make a drain for this with a 32 mm pipe, cutting it into a 50 mm one through a tee and a rubber reduction - it’s more reliable.

The pipeline to the wall or floor must be fixed with metal or plastic brackets- they are sold in stores for any diameter you need. But such consoles occupy a certain place, and if the wiring is done in the basement or other technical room, which does not have to be decorated, then this is exactly the fastener.

If you need to hide the pipes, then certain inconveniences arise. Personally, in such cases, I resort to perforated metal strip hangers - I simply pull the pipe to the plane with them, like a clamp - this saves space.

It happens that during assembly, one pipe fits very tightly into the socket of another, crushing the rubber sealing ring - this usually happens when elements are connected from different manufacturers.
In such cases, I lubricate the rubber ring with liquid dishwashing detergent, and all problems are left behind.

Underground pipeline installation on the street

City and surrounding areas	Depth in cm
Khanty-Mansiysk	240
Novosibirsk, Omsk	220
Ukhta, Tobolsk, Petropavlovsk	210
Orsk, Kurgan	200
Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Ekaterinburg, Perm	190
Orenburg, Ufa, Syktyvkar	180
Kazan, Kirov, Izhevsk	170
Samara, Ulyanovsk	160
Saratov, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod, Kostroma, Vologda	150
Tver, Moscow, Ryazan	140
St. Petersburg, Voronezh, Volgograd	120
Kursk, Smolensk, Pskov	110
Astrakhan, Belgorod	100
Rostov-on-Don	90
Stavropol	80
Kaliningrad	70
Khanty-Mansiysk	240
Novosibirsk, Omsk	220

Table of soil freezing to 0⁰C in Russia

As you can see from the table above, the depth of soil freezing in different regions Russia is very different from each other. Moreover, this indicator may differ in the same area - this change is determined by the height of the area above sea level and the condition or type of soil.

Therefore, I recommend that you use existing experience to determine the freezing depth. That is, simply find out from neighbors or friends at what depth their water supply is laid and whether it freezes - this is the best guide.

As I already said, instructions for deepening a pipeline can sometimes be too difficult to follow due to the level of soil freezing in some regions. Therefore, if the route is installed at a depth accessible to negative temperatures, you will need thermal insulation - extruded polystyrene foam, polyethylene foam or mineral wool can be used for this.

There are also special insulation materials that are produced in the form of a shell (with or without a foil coating) - they can be made of two halves, or in the form of the same pipe, but with a longitudinal cut for installation.

I resort to shells only if the owner of the object wants it, since they are quite expensive, although High Quality. It is much cheaper to do this with mineral wool - wrap the pipeline, fix the wool with nylon thread, and then cover the whole thing with roofing felt, like a bandage - it is better to fix it with tape or wire.

Only here you need either basalt or glass wool - slag wool has iron particles that rust, causing the insulation to sag.

You will nullify everything if, having insulated the route, you leave inspection wells, storage tanks and septic tanks without insulation - you will end up with bare areas that will... You can also use them to insulate them. mineral wool or polystyrene foam, but it is much cheaper to do this with expanded clay, but it also requires waterproofing - just cover the hole with roofing felt.

Table of required distances between various objects and sewerage

In the third paragraph of the title about important requirements I mentioned the norms of distances that must be maintained between the sewer system and various objects and structures - these norms are indicated in the table above. But, unfortunately, it is not always possible to strictly adhere to such provisions, or your “well-wishing” neighbors may unreasonably claim this.

Therefore, you can formalize all this by inviting representatives of the BTI and signing an act of acceptance of the system and internal sewerage outlets - this will solve such problems.

Laying stages: 1 - pour a pillow; 2 - lay the pipe; 3 - cover it with sand

And now I will tell you how the process of laying a pipeline in a trench with your own hands to a storage or flow tank occurs - the essence of the process is shown in the photographs above. After you have dug a trench, you need to pour a sand cushion with a thickness of at least 29 mm into it and level it in accordance with the required slope (18-20 mm/m linear for the 110th pipe).

Then you lay the main line itself, check the slope again and fill it with sand again so that the thickness of the layer above the upper wall reaches 5-6 cm - this will prevent sharp stones from metal objects pierce the pipe under soil pressure.

Before filling the trench with soil, you need to compact the sand, but due to the instability of the material, this is quite difficult to do.
I do it differently - I water the sand generously, and it immediately sags to the desired state, after which you can immediately pour in the soil.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to add that you may need pipeline insulation not only underground, but also in the house if the walls are not thick enough. In addition, thermal insulation does not replace the sand cushion. But if you still have questions about this topic, ask them in the comments.

July 7, 2016

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If desired, even a private house V rural areas can be arranged. The first thing a suburban resident faces is the lack of a warm toilet in the house. Without sewerage, a person is deprived of many amenities. This is not a luxury, it is a necessity. Laying a sewer system in a private house is a complex process that requires taking into account every detail. How to do this?

External and internal

Work related to the installation of a sewer system in a private house begins with the design of the internal and In the first case, the installation of a drain pipe, a riser, as well as pipe distribution to all rooms where it is required is required: kitchen, toilet, bathroom, and so on. Concerning external system, then this is everything that is located outside the house. Its arrangement requires connecting pipes to the septic tank. You can also connect the sewer system to a deep cleaning station.

The task is greatly simplified if it is possible to discharge wastewater into centralized system. If the house is located in an isolated area, then you should create a system with homemade septic tank. It can be with or cumulative. cesspool V in this case doesn't fit.

Layout diagram in a private house

Before starting work, you should draw up a plan for laying pipes inside a private house. The process is greatly simplified if everything wet areas will be located in close proximity. The scheme is drawn up strictly individually. In the process, you should take into account all the features of the house and the location of the premises. Ready option can look anything.

When designing a sewer system inside a house, it is necessary to accurately calculate the location of the collector pipe. Only after this can you determine where the remaining parts of the system will be laid.

How to make the right diagram

The scheme for laying a sewer system in a private house is important stage. The quality of the system and its reliability depend on how well the plan is drawn up. Stages of drawing up a diagram:

1. On a piece of paper, preferably in a box, you need to recreate the house plan. When drawing up a plan, it is worth considering the scale.
2. Then you need to decide on the location of the riser or collector pipe.
3. At all levels of the building, the location of plumbing fixtures must be noted. On at this stage you should find out how to connect it.
4. From the plumbing it is necessary to lay pipes on paper to the riser. In this case, all connecting elements, tees, bends and corners should be taken into account.
5. It is necessary to measure the length of each element internal system and summarize the data. The result will be the required number of pipes. In this case, the diameter of the material must be taken into account.

The final stage is drawing up a diagram of the external system: releasing pipes and laying them to the septic tank. In this case, it is necessary to take into account all the requirements specified in SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02, as well as SNiP 2.04.03-85.

What to consider when arranging the internal system

The installation of internal sewerage in a private house begins after drawing up a rough diagram. At this stage, several nuances should be taken into account:

1. To drain wastewater from the toilet, pipes with a diameter of 10-11 cm are required. Their total length must be at least 100 centimeters.
2. For gray drains that enter the common riser from the kitchen and bathroom, pipes made of PP or PVC are required. The diameter of the material should be 5 centimeters.
3. To arrange turns in the system, it is necessary to use several plastic elbows made at an angle of 45°. This allows you to reduce the risk of blockages during sewer use.
4. It is best to use polypropylene for arranging sewage systems inside the house. This material is more durable, reliable and relatively inexpensive. When using such pipes, the installation of sewerage in a private house is simplified.

Choosing pipes

Laying a sewer system in a private house requires careful preparation. After drawing up the diagram and carrying out the necessary calculations, the purchase of materials is required. Gray pipes are used for wiring inside the house. To install an external system, orange-colored pipes are required. The difference in color can be explained based on logic. Orange hues are best seen in the ground. In addition, pipes have differences in properties. First of all, this concerns the material. Pipes located underground must withstand more severe loads. The material for their manufacture must be more rigid.

To ensure successful sewer installation in a private house with your own hands, you can use two-layer corrugated pipes. But, as practice shows, their use is often inappropriate. After all, the depth of sewerage in a private house is from 2 to 3 meters. It is much cheaper and no less effective to use orange pipes. Most often, a material with a diameter of 11 centimeters is used for arranging the external system. This is quite enough for normal wastewater drainage.

How to lay pipes? It's simple!

Laying a sewer system in a private house with your own hands requires certain skills and patience. The most difficult stage is the placement of pipes and their fastening. It is almost impossible to do this alone. Therefore, you will need an assistant for the job. This will not only speed up the process, but also improve quality.

The simplest option for laying sewerage is to use PVC pipes or PP. There are enough similar products produced a wide range of. If necessary, you can purchase material required diameter, tees, elbows and revisions. It is worth noting that each part is equipped with a special rubberized insert - a cuff. Thanks to this element, laying a sewer system in a private house takes little time. The joints are connected easily and securely. If desired, you can process the seams additionally. Silicone-based plumbing sealant is suitable for this.

Things to consider

When laying pipes, it is necessary to take into account some nuances:

1. If pipes run through walls or ceilings, they must be placed in special sleeves that reduce the load on parts of the system.
2. The slope of the sewer system elements depends on their diameter and is prescribed in SNiP 2.04.03-85. For example, for a material whose diameter is 5 centimeters, this figure should be 3 cm/m, and for a diameter of 10 to 11 centimeters - 2 cm/m.

Sewer outlet installation

If a problem arises and the internal system does not correspond to the external one, then the laying of sewer pipes in a private house should begin with the outlet. This is the border zone between systems. At this point, the riser is connected to a pipe leading to a wastewater collection tank.

The outlet must be installed through the foundation wall. The depth of its laying should be below the depth of soil freezing. Otherwise, difficulties may arise during the operation of the sewerage system in winter. If the outlet hole was not specified during the construction of the building, then it will have to be punched. Its diameter must correspond to the dimensions of the pipe located in the sleeve. The latter should be longer than the hole. At each edge, the sleeve should cover the pipe by more than 15 centimeters. These are the basic requirements for sewerage release.

Installation of the riser and further wiring

The size of the pipe from the riser to the toilet should be 1000 mm. This allows you to determine its location. It is better to install the riser in the toilet itself. The installation can be hidden or open. It all depends on where the pipe will be installed. You can install the riser close to the wall. To do this, you should use pendants and clamps. You can also install the pipe in a niche, in a channel or in a box.

To connect the riser and other parts of the system, you can use oblique tees. If the pipes are different in diameter, then adapters should be used to connect them. They allow you to avoid using sealant. In those places where there is an intersection of elements coming from the shower, sink or bathtub, it is necessary to install a collector pipe. Its diameter should be from 10 to 11 centimeters. Don't forget about water seals. These elements do not allow unpleasant odors enter the living space.

On each floor, an inspection is installed in the riser - a kind of tee designed to clear the system in case of severe blockage.

What is a fan pipe

By following the rules for laying sewerage in a private house, you can create an external and internal system without any problems. In addition to installing the riser, it is also required fan pipe. This is its continuation, which is displayed on the roof of the house. Installed this part on the riser. A revision is installed at the connection point. After this, the vent pipe is led into the attic at an angle. Do not connect it to the building ventilation system or chimney.

Types of septic tanks

Pad external sewerage in a private house - this is no less important stage than installing the internal system. If the arrangement is incorrect, problems may arise not only with comfort, but also with environmentalists. One mistake can turn your drain into a big, smelly problem that will take a lot of time and money to fix.

You should start with the installation of a septic tank. Settlement type structures are most often used. This is a container or a combination of them through which wastewater passes. Gradually they are cleared. This occurs due to the precipitation of heavy inclusions. Afterwards, the wastewater undergoes additional purification in a filtration well or in the field. In this case, both mechanical and biological method cleaning.

There is another, simpler type of septic tank - storage. In this case, a closed container of sufficiently large volume is installed. All waste is collected in it. To empty such a septic tank, sewage pumping is required, which is carried out This method Arranging an external system is easier to implement. Plus it's cheaper.

How to calculate the required volume

Calculating the dimensions is not that difficult. The volume is determined based on settling for 3 days. Wherein average consumption per person per day is equal to 200 liters. If desired, this indicator can be calculated individually. If two people live in a house on a permanent basis, then the volume of the septic tank should be:

2 x 200 x 3 = 1200 liters or 1.2 cubic meters.

Stages of installation of an external system

Sewerage installation in a private house does not end after complete installation internal system. After all, the arrangement of the external part is required. Stages of arranging an external system:

1. First you need to prepare the materials: a ready-made container of the required volume made of PP or a ring made of reinforced concrete. If desired, you can lay it out of brick or fill it with a monolith.
2. The next step is to determine a suitable wastewater treatment method.
3. Afterwards are carried out excavation: a pit is dug for the container and trenches for laying pipes.
4. All structural elements must be connected. At the same time, do not forget about comfortable service septic tank
5. Pipes should be installed at a certain slope. This indicator should be 2 cm/m. The joints must be sealed.
6. The septic tank should be equipped with a ventilation system.
7. After carrying out work on thermal and waterproofing of individual fragments of the system, you can fill the structure with soil.

When placing a septic tank, it is worth considering the location of buildings on personal plot. You should not place a waste container near a recreation area or playground.

In conclusion

Now you know how to sewer a private house. If you follow all the rules, you will get a reliable system. Before starting to operate the sewer, it is worth running it. To do this, the system needs to be flushed clean water. This will allow you to identify all the shortcomings and correct them. Only after this can the operation of the sewer system begin.

In fact, the process of installing individual fragments is not particularly difficult. The main thing is to avoid mistakes when drawing up a sewerage diagram, and also to make the correct slope of the pipes. Otherwise, the system will not function normally.

The installation of a sewer system requires the most scrupulous attitude to all stages of the process, including depth, slope, and reliability of connections. Each of these factors has a great impact on the quality of operation of the entire system. Negligence is unacceptable here; if you do not have confidence in your abilities, it is better to turn to professionals.

Laying depth of the sewer system

Modern sewer systems significantly improve the standard of living in a private home. If in previous years a toilet on the street was perceived as an unpleasant necessity, inseparable from a private home, today it is a sign of laziness of the owners or their extremely low income. Moreover, in the first case, you can get out of the situation by hiring professionals who will do absolutely all the work.

The depth of the pipeline depends on the depth of the septic tank.

Advice! The pipe laid between the building and the septic tank must be straight. Knees and turns will cause blockages.

Before installing a sewer system, it is worth finding out what the average freezing depth is in your region. The pipes need to be laid a little lower than these figures. Typically, the depth at which sewer pipes are located in a private house in the south is more than 50 cm. In the central part of the country, where the climate is harsher, the depth of sewer pipes in a private house is at least 70 cm. These figures are especially significant if sewer pipes are located under platforms or under paths, which are cleared of snow in winter.

Features of laying sewer pipes

Laying of sewer pipes must be carried out in accordance with the following rules:

• you need to use pipes of the required diameter;
• it is necessary to observe the standard slope norm (about 0.03 m per 1 linear meter of pipe);
• it is permissible to use pipes from different materials, but in one pipeline the pipes must match in material.

The depth of the pipeline can be determined based on the following points:

• the nature of the site (its topography, soil features);
• The point where the sewer pipe exits the house.

The angle of inclination is needed so that the wastewater flows by gravity, in this case there is no need to install a pump, and excess dirt will not accumulate inside the pipe, which can cause blockages. For the same purpose outer part the system is performed without turning. Inside the premises, the sewerage installation scheme in a private house allows for pipe rotations; this will not become a serious obstacle to the functionality of the system. If you allow the outer part of the sewer system to turn, you will definitely have to tear off these pipes. Consequently, neglect of these rules can create very serious problems, which are not always realistically quickly resolved.

Advice! If it is impossible to lay a sewer pipe without turning, you need to make a well at the turning point, into which you can always penetrate and remove the blockage in this area. This technique allows you to lay a sewer pipeline in any area.

Why is laying depth important?

The main reason for the need to be overly careful about the depth of pipe laying is the possibility of freezing. If this happens in the middle of winter, residents of the house will be left without the ability to use the sewer system until warmer days when the ice melts. Even minimal ice build-up inside the pipes will lead to blockages and a decrease or complete cessation of permeability. This is a natural result of narrowing the lumen of the pipe. Getting rid of blockages in places where pipes turn in external system wells contribute.

This convenient device allows you to monitor the operation of the sewer system and eliminate emerging problems in a timely manner. It is not very difficult to make, but it brings a lot of comfort to the process of operation.

Taking into account the depth of soil freezing is a fundamental requirement. In order not to spend money on constructing deeper trenches than necessary, you need to have a clear understanding of the depth of soil freezing in a given area. Below is a table that will help you navigate this issue.

How to properly install thermal insulation?

In cold regions, it is recommended to supplement the sewer pipeline with thermal insulation. This technique allows you to extend the service life and eliminate the possibility of freezing at very low temperatures. Most often, polyurethane foam is used for this purpose. If you wrap the pipe in polyurethane foam and make a polyethylene shell on top, the pipe will not be afraid of frost.

If you lay pipes below the possible freezing point, the pipes will never freeze. In this case additional protection done in case of extreme cold. When performing thermal insulation Special attention pay attention to joints and turning points. It is these zones that tolerate the effects of cold rather poorly. So insulation of turning points is mandatory.

In Europe, a more technologically advanced method is used. An electric cable is placed next to the pipeline; if necessary, it acts as a heater for the pipe. For many residents of our country, this method is too expensive, because paying for energy is not the smallest expense item. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the depth of pipe laying. In the central regions, it is better to choose a depth of 1 m. And in the northern regions, it is advisable to dig deeper trenches and carry out high-quality thermal insulation. For this you can either use fiberglass. If the pipes are located above the ground, they are also insulated with similar materials. Since they can be filled with water, .

Video - Installation of external sewerage and insulation

The interior of the sewer system of a private house

For uninterrupted operation of the sewerage system, the following pipe diameter requirements must be observed:

• toilet, shower, bath, swimming pool – 10 – 11 cm;
• sink – 5 cm;
• riser – 10 – 11 cm.

Video - Correct installation of sewer pipes

External part of the sewer system of a private house

The main requirement is to ensure proper slope. Only correct drain– gravity flow. Too much low speed will lead to blockages. Moving wastewater too quickly will accelerate the destruction of pipes.

The scheme for laying sewerage in a private house includes a description of the characteristics of the pipe exiting the premises. The rules for removing the pipe from the house depend on the type of foundation. At strip foundation the output is located on the side. For slab installations, the pipe is laid from top to bottom; for this, a section of pipe and a 45° elbow are used. To install a sewer system, a sleeve pipe is laid in the foundation in advance, through which the main pipeline is then routed. Such a base is needed to protect the pipeline from excessive pressure and potential destruction.

In the photo - Standard depth for laying a sewer pipe.

In order not to make a mistake about the depth of pipe installation, you need to find out how things are going with your neighbors who have already installed a drain for themselves. If they have problems with pipe freezing, you will need to bury your pipe further. No matter how deep the pipe lies, a slope is required in any case. Usually make 2 - 3 cm per linear meter.

1. You should do this first detailed diagram piping inside the house. This will reduce time and financial costs by providing all the best options.
2. Pipes are routed towards the riser or septic tank, sharp corners excluded.
3. The riser on each floor must be equipped with a tee designed to service the sewer system for quick cleaning.