State Archive of Social and Political History. Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History. Main archive building. Archive repositories
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Identifier
Authorized form of name
Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History
Parallel form(s) of name
- Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History
- RGASPI
Other form(s) of name
- RGASPI
- RGASPI (since 1999)
- Russian Center for Preservation and Study of Contemporary History (RCKHIDNI, 1991 – 1999)
- Central Party Archive of the Institute of Theory and History of Socialism of the CPSU Central Committee (CPA ITIS, 1991-06 – 1991-10)
- Central Party Archive of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism under the CPSU Central Committee (CPA IML under the CPSU Central Committee, 1956 - 1991)
- Central Party Archive of the Institute of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin under the Central Committee of the CPSU (CPA IMELS, 1954 - 1956)
- Central Party Archive of the Institute of Marx, Engels, Lenin / Institute of Marxism-Leninism under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) - CPSU (CPA IML, 1991 - 1954)
- Institute of V.I. Lenin under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks 1923 – 1931
- Institute of K. Marx and F. Engels under the Central Executive Committee of the USSR (1921 – 1931)
- Archive of the Commission for the collection and study of historical materials October revolution and Russian history communist party: (Archive of the Istpart of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, 1920 – 1928)
- Archive III ( Communist International(Comintern Archives) 1919 – 1943
- Museum of K. Marx and F. Engels 1960 – 1993
- Center for Storage of Documents of Youth Organizations (CDMO) 1992 – 1999
- Central archive of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union (CA Komsomol) 1965 – 1992-06
Type
- National
Contact area
Address
Street address
St. B. Dmitrovka, 15
Locality
Region
Country name
Postal code
Telephone
7 495 694 40 34
Director: Sorokin Andrey Konstantinovich
Address
Street address
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Description area
History
Archive history
RCKHIDNI was founded in October 1991 on the basis of the former Central Party Archive (CPA IML), which was nationalized by presidential decree of August 24, 1991. Opened to visitors in December 1991. In March 1999, RCKHIDNI was merged with the former. The Central Archive of the Komsomol, formed in 1965 on the basis of the archive of the general department of the Komsomol Central Committee as the Central Archive of the Komsomol and since 1992 bore the name of the Center for the Storage of Documents of Youth Organizations - TsKHDMO. The united archive received a new name - the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI). As a result, the archive became the main repository of documentation on the history of socialism, documents of the CPSU and its predecessors, as well as documents on the history of the Komsomol movement in the country.
The beginning of the formation of the collections of the TsPA IML, the predecessor of the RGASPI, dates back to the time of the creation of pre-revolutionary archives and libraries of Russian Social Democracy abroad (in exile). After the October Revolution, both state archives and specially created research centers with their own archives, which belonged either to the state or the Communist Party, began to collect and store historical and revolutionary documents. Created in 1920 under the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR, the Commission for collecting and studying materials on the history of the October Revolution and the history of the Russian Communist Party (Istpart), which from 1921 to 1928 existed as a department of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, received the right to store collected documents in a specially organized department “Documents on the history of the RCP (b)” in the Archive of the October Revolution (AOR). Istpart's own archive was created in April 1924 and by the end of the 1920s. compiled more than 60,000 documents, including magazines and brochures, proclamations and decrees, and newspapers. It included funds from the library and archive of the RSDLP and the G.A. Kuklin Library in Geneva.
In September 1923, a memorial repository of V.I. Lenin’s manuscripts appeared at the V.I. Lenin Institute (which worked as a department of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (b)). In August 1928, Istpart with its archive was annexed to it. A year later, on their basis, the Central Party Archive (CPA) began to be formed. According to the resolution of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) (November 1923) recognizing the Lenin Institute as the only repository of Lenin’s documents in the country, all government agencies, state archives, party bodies, private individuals (party members and non-party members) had to transfer to the Institute letters, notes, draft government and party decisions, manuscripts of articles and other documents of Lenin that they kept. In 1931, the Marx-Engels and Lenin Institutes merged into a single Institute of Marx, Engels, Lenin under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (IMEL), and the CPA was singled out as one of the independent structural divisions. Further renaming affected only the name of the institution itself, but did not entail changes in its profile and the composition of documentation. In addition to the documents of Istpart, the Institute of Marx-Engels and Lenin of the CPA since the early 1930s was regularly replenished with documents of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) - the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) - the CPSU, other leading party organs and institutions.
In 1959, the archive of the Third (Communist) International, liquidated in 1943, was transferred from the General Department of the CPSU Central Committee to the Central PA. These materials formed a separate section of the archive.
At the end of the Second World War, the archive was replenished with “trophy” materials, including the personal collection of F. Lassalle. Materials of the Second International, police files concerning Marx, Engels and other figures of the socialist movement. Some of them were initially placed in the Special Archive (TsGOA USSR, then TsKhIDK, now RGVA) and later transferred to the Central Archive.
Another NI - the Marx and Engels Institute - was separated from the Socialist Academy in June 1921 and became an independent institution under the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. Under the leadership of D.B. Ryazanov, copies of documents of K. Marx and F. Engels, documents about their activities in the International Labor Movement and personal life, from the archives of the Social Democratic Party of Germany and other European repositories were collected here. Original documents of Marx and Engels, personal archives of famous socialists (for example, E. Bernstein, K. Kautsky, L. Blanc, O. Blanqui, E. Vaillant, etc.), collections of original documents of the Great French Revolution, the Paris Commune of 1871, revolutionary movement of 1848 - 1849, were purchased from German and French antique dealers, from the heirs of participants in the events, or received as a gift. By the end of the 1920s. The Institute stored more than 175,000 documents.
By the nature of its activities and the documents stored, the Central Archive was the scientific and historical archive of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, in contrast to the current archives of the Party Central Committee, which were directly part of the structure of its apparatus.
In 1993, in connection with the liquidation, the funds of the former were merged into the RCKHIDNI. Museum of K. Marx and F. Engels.
Since 1993, RGASPI has been replenished with significant sets of materials from the CPSU Central Committee and personal funds of CPSU leaders from the historical part of the Archive of the President of the Russian Federation. Of particular interest is the part of the archive of I.V. Stalin received in April 1999, which is currently open to users.
Geographical and cultural context
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Administrative structure
Records management and collecting policies
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Holdings
Characteristics of funds
As of January 1, 2011, RGASPI stores 691 funds for the years 1617–2005; 2,147 thousand storage units, including photographic documents - 182.5 thousand units. archives, phonological documents – 1.3 units. archives, museum materials – 140 thousand units. hr.
Documents of RGASPI (formerly TsPA IML, then RCKHIDNI) comprise three main thematic complexes: documents on social and political history Western Europe(XVII - early XX centuries); documents on the political and social history of Russia and the USSR in modern and contemporary times ( late XIX – beginning of XXI centuries); documents on the history of the international workers' socialist and communist movement (1860s - late 1980s).
Each complex includes funds and collections of documents of political parties, social movements, movements, organizations and institutions, collections of archival materials related to certain historical events, and the corresponding personal funds of theorists, leaders or active participants in events and organizations. The most valuable personal funds are located in the complexes of the social and political history of Western Europe and Russia. RGASPI has entire documentary, museum collections and individual original documents purchased in foreign antiques, at auctions or received as a gift, as well as copies of documents on the profile of the archive, ordered in different years from state archives and libraries of Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, France, Switzerland and other countries, included in the RGASPI funds as originals. There are also several funds of trophy origin and 3 state archives of Germany in storage.
The complex of documentation on the social and political history of Russia includes three main parts. The first part (1880s - early 1920) is presented by documents of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP), including all-party documents - congresses, conferences, the Central Committee and the central printed organs and institutions of the RSDLP; factions and organizations of the Bolsheviks, Mensheviks, Polish Social Democracy (SDKPiL, 1900 - 1919), Latvian Social Democracy (SDLC, 1910 - 1916), the General Jewish Workers' Union in Lithuania, Poland and Russia (Bund, 1897 - 1921), groups “Forward”, a group of the Vienna “Pravda” (L.D. Trotsky), as well as some other parties of a revolutionary, socialist orientation: the Socialist Revolutionaries, Poalei-Zion.
The second part contains documents Soviet history, the period the CPSU was in power from the October Revolution of 1917 until the cessation of the party’s activities in August 1991, which in turn are divided into three groups in the RGASPI.
a) Archive of V.I. Lenin: Lenin’s own documents, manuscripts of Lenin and others (f. 2), materials of his Secretariat (f. 5 - 1917 - 1924), minutes of the Council people's commissars(SNK), Council of Labor and Defense (STO), "Small" Council of People's Commissars. For 1917 – 1924 There are documents from members of Lenin’s family and about Lenin, materials from the commission for organizing Lenin’s funeral and perpetuating his memory, as well as other Leniniana funds related here. These archival materials make it possible to study not only the activities of Lenin himself, but also the government he headed.
b) Funds of documents of the CPSU: congresses (the supreme body of the party), conferences, governing bodies (central, regional, local) control bodies (Central Control Commission, Commission, then the Party Control Committee under the CPSU Central Committee, Central Audit Commission of the CPSU), central party institutions , editorial offices of newspapers and magazines, educational and scientific institutions from 1917 to 1991 under the control of the Central Committee. The most voluminous is the fund of the CPSU Central Committee (f. 17, 1898, 1903 - 1991, 684,543 storage units). The fund is systematized in 162 inventories, covering documents of the collective bodies of the Central Committee - Plenums, Politburo, Organizing Bureau, Secretariat and apparatus of the Central Committee (departments, directorates, commissions, sectors, etc.). Separately separated into separate complexes collected materials all-party congresses and conferences, plenums of the CPSU Central Committee, the Politburo, the Organizing Bureau and the Secretariat of the Central Committee (1919 - 1952), documents of the Central Committee apparatus, which dealt with both internal party issues and issues of domestic and foreign policy, economics, economy, science, culture. Great Period Patriotic War represented by documents of an emergency government body - State Committee defense (GKO, 1941 - 1945). There are also several small foundations of communist left social democratic organizations that joined in 1919 - 9120. to the Bolshevik Party.
Adjacent to them are the personal funds of figures of the Bolshevik Party and the Soviet state, such as A.A. Andreev, I.F. Armand, N.I. Bukharin, K.E. Voroshilov, F.E. Dzerzhinsky, A.A. Zhdanov, G.E.Zinoviev (Radomyslsky), M.I.Kalinin, L.B.Kamenev (Rosenfeld), A.M.Kollontai, S.M.Kirov (Kostrikov), V.V.Kuibyshev, V.M.Molotov (Scriabin), G.K. Ordzhonikidze, I.V. Stalin (Dzhugashvili), L.D. Trotsky (Bronstein), famous representatives other movements of the RSDLP: P.B. Axelrod, A.A. Bogdanov (Malinovsky), L. Martova (Yu.O. Tsederbaum), G.V. Plekhanov and others. An additional group of personal funds of Communist Party leaders was received in 1996. from the Archive of the President of the Russian Federation, incl. funds of L.M. Kaganovich, G.M. Malenkov, A.I. Mikoyan, as well as materials added to existing funds. This also includes the main part of the materials from the archive of I. Stalin received in 1999 from the Administration of the Russian Federation.
The extensive audiovisual collections include photographs, films and sound recordings. Collections of photographs of delegates of congresses, conferences and plenums of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1922 - 1976), photographic portraits of figures of the CPSU and the Soviet state (1918 - 1949), photographs of revolutionary and public figures of Russia are stored here. Film documents are mainly devoted to the life and work of V.I. Lenin and are combined in the collections “V.I. Lenin during his lifetime”, “Funeral of V.I. Lenin”. Among the sound recordings, recordings of V.I. Lenin’s speeches in 1919 – 1921 also predominate.
c) Archives of the Komsomol Central Committee and subordinate institutions, organizations, enterprises (1917 - 1992)
The complex of funds of the international workers', socialist and communist movements includes documents of the International Workers' Association (I International, 1864 - 1976), the II International (1889 - 1919), the Workers and Socialist International (London, 1919 - 1923), the International Association of Socialist Parties (Vienna International , 1920 –1923), Socialist Workers’ International (1923 – 1941). Documentary materials of these organizations complement the personal funds of famous theorists and leaders of international socialism, Social-Democrats. parties of a number of countries of various ideological shades: E. Bernstein, W. Ditman, K. Kautsky, D. Weinkop, K. Liebknecht, R. Luxemburg, etc. The archive of the Third (Communist) International (1919 - 1943) includes funds from the congresses of the Comintern, the Executive Committee Comintern, sections of the Comintern (67 communist pariahs different countries, members of the Comintern), international organizations and institutions adjacent to the Comintern - the Communist Youth International (KIM, 1919 - 9143), the Red International of Trade Unions (Profintern, 1921 - 1937), International organization assistance to the fighters of the revolution (MOPR, 1922 - 1941). (Later documents relating to international activities are stored in the funds of the international department of the CPSU Central Committee, see above. Documentation of the Executive Committee of the Comintern (extensive fund, 234 inventories, 138,545 items of storage) includes transcripts, minutes and other materials of the governing bodies of the international communist movement (plenary meetings of the Executive Committee, presidium, secretariat, political commission of the political secretariat, etc.) and the apparatus of the ECCI, consisting of departments, commissions (permanent and temporary), lender secretariats - structures that led the movement in individual regions. The documents reflect the activities of the apparatus of the Executive Committee of the Comintern in maintaining legal and illegal ties with communist parties, analysis of the situation in the international labor and communist movement and the development, based on the analysis, of directives and recommendations of an ideological, political, organizational nature, training, selection and appointment of personnel - leaders in communist parties, international institutions and organizations, assistance to political prisoners of communists, organization of publishing, legal and illegal publications - newspapers, magazines, leaflets, etc. Unfortunately, the number of available funds of personal origin of Comintern figures is very small. We can only name the foundations of A. Gramsci, P. Togliatti, E. Thälmann, W. Foster, K. Zetkin, S. Katayama, M. Kashen.
In March 1993, the archive received for storage exhibits from the former Museum of K. Marx and F. Engels in Moscow, which formed an extensive and very valuable collection “Museum materials on the history of the revolutionary, labor and communist movements (late 18th – 20th centuries).”
There are documents that have already frozen in time, and there are those in which the roar of struggle can still be heard, thoughts are beating, feelings are swirling. This is exactly the feeling that is born in the halls of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History with its millions of units of storage of contradictory, explosive, endlessly interesting information.
Running through Bolshaya Dmitrovka at a brisk Moscow trot, you don’t pay attention to the building at number 15. Dark stone, sharp corners, austere windows, a traditional sculpture of a leader - something from the past that you don’t want to think about. And if you look closely, it’s an architectural monument in the style of monumental constructivism. It is the monumentality that creates the feeling of detachment. Getting inside the building, built in 1927 according to the design of the architect Sergei Egorovich Chernyshev for the Institute of V.I. Lenin, later Marx-Engels-Lenin, gets a chill - his expectations were not disappointed. Silence, twilight, strict right angles literally cut you off from the city, preoccupied with the immediate problems. You enter a space where time is folded into folders and hidden in safes. And what a time! New and latest.
Behind thick armored walls are the causes and consequences of colossal historical shifts. All these millions of items, distributed across hundreds of funds, reflect turning points in the lives of many generations. If we lay out all the documents stored in it on a huge surface, we will see a motley, contradictory, sometimes terrifying, sometimes admiring picture of the socio-political life of Russia over the last three centuries, and not only in Russia. And behind each document is not just a fact or a recorded event. No, here we are dealing with the sources of events, the recording of actions leading to long-term and varied consequences. These documents still have considerable political weight; they once determined the direction of thought, the battle of ideas, and influenced the destinies of many people. Even now, collected in books and published in the media, they are able to bring clarity, question dominant ideas, and awaken thought and feeling. And, of course, among them there are those that will not become available to researchers for many years.
The silence and calm that reigns within the walls of a massive building is by no means evidence of inactivity. On the contrary, in RGASPI the pulse of scientific interest beats, a busy life goes on, with its victories and difficulties, achievements and vicissitudes. To immerse yourself in it, a couple of hours spent with passionate archive staff is enough. Exhibitions within the walls of the archive and beyond, the preparation of fundamental publications, are by no means routine work on the digitization of unique documents, not to mention ongoing archival work - and that’s not all. Clio not only honors local walls with her presence, but also gave her name to the annual international conference young scientists and specialists “CLIO. Historical documents and actual problems archeography, source studies, Russian and general history of modern and contemporary times,” which is conducted by RGASPI. The fifth conference will take place in April this year. Last year's conference brought together 159 participants from 7 countries.
But it’s always better to learn the details first-hand, especially when the life of the archive in the context of socially significant events is told so entertainingly and passionately.
We are talking with the deputy director of the RGASPI, Sergei Andreevich Kotov, in the office of the director of the archive, Andrei Konstantinovich Sorokin, filled with books and papers. Traditional tea cools in thin cups, and we listen with unflagging interest to what “richness” is collected on the floors below. Professional historians who have devoted many years to their favorite work, excellent storytellers who have preserved the now so rare figurative, strong and rich Russian language, so we listen in the original.
About "wealth"
Sergey Andreevich Kotov: So, you have come to a completely unique archive Russian Federation, proud of its uniqueness. This is the only archive in Russia that contains fantastic funds that tell not only about Russian history, but also about the history of Europe since the beginning of the 18th century, and about world history since the 19th century. Where does this “wealth” come from? All these things are not stolen, they all came to us from science fiction enthusiasts of the 20s of the twentieth century. If there had not been that terrible story called the October Revolution, which all sorts of lazy people are trying to kick in, then this “richness” would not have been here. Having come to power, the Bolsheviks thought about how to assert their greatness. And they very correctly decided that it was necessary to collect collections around the world about two important things characteristic of late XVIII and 19th century. The first is the development of social thought. Marxism is the pinnacle of the development of social thought. How did it develop before this peak? And secondly, living, real Marxism, embodied in the October deeds of the Bolshevik comrades and others who joined, is a social movement. Documents on the history of social thought and social movements had to be concentrated in one place. In 21, in fact, a prototype of an archive appeared, into which documents began to flow, first from Russia, about the development of Russian philosophical and sociological schools of the 19th century.
Then, when money appeared, agents of the Central Commission for the History of the Party began to travel to Europe and little by little buy up the most valuable European archives for gold. So the manuscripts of Feuerbach and Marx, all the manuscripts of the French social utopia, a huge number of documents on the history of social movements, that is, revolutions, appeared here. And the English bourgeois, and the French Great, and 48-49 in Europe, and the Paris Commune, and so on. We bought all this from antique dealers in bulk. They came and said: “Jean, do you have anything on this topic? Where?" - “But there are three bags there.” - “Well, come on, get it, we’ll take it now.” - “No, I won’t bother with you, take the whole bag for that amount.” They took, and as a result, the most valuable things ended up here: letters from Marie Antoinette, documents from the French parliament of the 18th century, an English political cartoon of the late 18th century, French, German, English graphics from the late 18th century, early XIX century. A stunning array of documents was formed on the history of all major European countries.
In 1927, this unique building appeared, in the basement of which, for the gold money of the Krupp company, he built a huge safe for storing documents, into which five tanks could safely drive in, and even move around a little. It was done very seriously constructively. Nothing should leak anywhere, and it still hasn’t. There are tons of armor, crazy bank doors with steering wheels. And then the collection of documents on Russian history of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century began. Then the archive was replenished with documents of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Belarus and the archive of the Comintern. Now there is also the archive of the State Defense Committee, the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement. Here is the former central archive of the Komsomol with extraordinary funds. And as a result, our archive was formed, it is damn complicated, we are the third archive, where knowledge of many is necessary foreign languages. Moreover, if at RGIA it is better to know French, and at RGADA it is better to know all ancient languages, then we need to know 186 languages, because we store documents in 186 languages.
Youth selection
Sergey Andreevich Kotov: There was an amazing staff of scientists here. Let's say, if you are shown Marx's manuscripts, you will understand that only a person inclined to decipher it can read this matter. There were two specialists who were engaged in deciphering these manuscripts. But in the 90s, employees were not paid salaries, young people did not go to work. And a terrible story began when the qualified generation was washed out, but the smart young animals did not come. And only somewhere at the very end of the 2010s, maybe in 2007-2008, suddenly graduates of the Historical and Archive University, Moscow State University and a number of provincial universities came to us and began to linger. And the old people continued to drop out. In the old archive there were specialists in sixty languages. Now, of the old people, there are only two people left from that stellar generation - this is Svetlana Rosenthal with Spanish, French, English, this is Yuri Tikhonovich Tutochkin with three languages. The rest all left - due to age, they died.
We had to worry about who would store and process the documents. Therefore, work with young animals was launched. For three years now we have had virtually no personnel loss. By 2014, we managed to put together virtually a new team, 50 young people. Moreover, selectively selected youth. We personally sniff and interview everyone, because we need, on the one hand, fairly sane historians who don’t need to explain the basics, and on the other hand, we need specialists who can solve some specific problems. We are proud that we now already have specialists with the Vietnamese language, with the Chinese language, with Arabic. We are proud that we brought young talented historians from the institutes of the Academy of Sciences. They may have European languages, but they covered us with funds from the 19th century, for example. We have a huge number of funds French origin and we managed to bring Elena Mikhailovna Myagkova, a candidate of historical sciences, from the Institute of General History of the Academy of Sciences; she had already prepared her doctorate.
What is it – working with young people? This is constant communication with them. The guys come and start figuring out what to do, what to do. After all, telling them that you will perform 8-12 operations when processing a document and that’s it, is the same as offering to sit on a conveyor belt and hammer a “pumpkin” into a “pumpkin”. A person must have some kind of perspective, he must strive for something, there must be something bright and cheerful ahead. We push everyone into graduate school, we explain to everyone, there is no such “richness” of documents as we have anywhere. You sat down to do two things - you wrote a candidate's dissertation. I sat down for six things - I wrote my doctoral dissertation. And our guys write well and defend well. Now the salary level can be set to whatever is needed for each employee, because if you think that he will definitely be useful to you on the team, then you can simply set a maximum salary for him. New youth policy It started around 2010. Because old people started retiring in droves. We were horrified and realized that it actually smelled like kerosene. Do you understand what this thing is? Not all federal archives require highly qualified people. And we are in a hopeless situation - hence the qualitative leap.
Every month, or even twice a month, we have a discussion club, where young people come to listen to the speech of some serious scientist and chat on this topic. The discussion club is open, we always have people from the History Department of Moscow State University and the Faculty of Public Administration, and political scientists especially often come. Many settled guys come to the discussion club from the Institute Russian history, Institute of World History, Moscow State University, Institute of Oriental Studies - we have all kinds of them. This is actually very important, because there is no feeling of mustiness. No young employee wants to live in a stale organization. And the historian doesn’t want to. There is also a film club that we run. The film club consists of historical and documentary films that we show and evaluate along with tea and pies. And finally, such an important form of work is special seminars of old specialists in order to introduce young people to the palette of funds. When a person begins to understand what funds surround him and understand their value, his self-esteem rises. This is how we live.
Feeding public consciousness
Sergey Andreevich Kotov: RGASPI is also unique in that we have a huge Center for Documentary Publications. We are free in choosing publication directions and topics, because we have a very qualified department: 24 people, of which 13 are doctors of science, among them 4 laureates of the State Prize in the field of science and technology, 3 honorary workers of science of the Russian Federation. The product of the Center for Documentary Publications is the encyclopedia “Russia in the First World War. By the way, I received the status “ Best book Russia 2014". Do you think that's all we did in 2014 for WWI? Now I will show you another very valuable thing, so that you feel that we actually lead a stressful lifestyle. Here is a four-volume book about the First World War: the first volume is power, the second volume is conservatives, the third is liberals, the fourth volume is radicals, leftists This is actually the entire spectrum of attitudes towards war in Russian society, from monarchists to the very, very leftists.
You see, we are so talented that in the same 2014, for the anniversary of the First World War, we published the popular science book “Light and Shadow great war" Texts by contemporaries with very different assessments. Mostly statists who understood that their homeland must be defended in any situation. Next are the documents of the defeatists who wanted change at the cost of losing the war. And finally, the third part is the article. Including a completely unique publication about the stunning, visionary note of Pyotr Nikolaevich Durnovo, which he wrote to the Tsar, why Russia should not participate in the war. Our guys analyzed all the versions of the note that we have, proving that this is an absolutely real document. The original has not survived. And based on these lists they restored what they believe was the original edition of this note. The book's sales are very high because it is easy to read, interesting, and very well done. This is an excellent guide on the topic not only for school teachers, but also for university teachers.
Implantation into the mass consciousness should go through good publications, popular science, and through the media. We work, for example, with Rossiyskaya Gazeta. For every holiday we give very interesting documents, and we are always cut off one and a half pages. One of last year’s publications is dedicated to the anniversary of Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev. We have our own position here. We believe that there is no point in making a black and white monument out of Khrushchev. Khrushchev is all red. Maybe one of the last romantics of communism. Maybe the last communist. And everything he did is on the spectrum from pink to bright purple: from the liberation of poor Gulag prisoners to the execution lists, which he also signed. The figure is actually incredibly interesting, they just made a comic doll out of it. The mission of the archivist, historian-archivist is that, in addition to ensuring storage, people are engaged in the use of documents and actively involve various social forces, socio-scientific forces.
We have a huge exhibition work. Tatyana Aleksandrovna Volobueva is our main guardian angel of this direction. Let's take August 2014: August – the exhibition “First World War» in the Big Manege; September - decossackization, taken to two regions - to Stavropol and Belgorod; November –120 years of Khrushchev, on Okhotny Ryad “The First World War and the State Duma.” Regular exhibitions are held at Gorki Leninskiye. There is a park there of several hectares, and this is not the first time the director has organized an exhibition of banners with us. An outdoor exhibition of documents and photographs is a unique opportunity for archival documents to be seen by a wide range of viewers.
Inconvenient questions
Can we talk about some special mission of RGASPI?
Sergey Andreevich Kotov: It was the main archive of the USSR, that’s the thing. When the events of the 90s began, a story began with hushing up the role and significance of this archive, although it is clear that all central decisions, all problematic discussions and foreign policy, and by domestic policy, ranging from the problems of Finnish secession to, say, the Korean War of 1949-1953 lie here. The entire decision-making mechanism, not only in the documents of the Politburo and the Commissariat, but also in the certificates that were preserved in the departments of the Central Committee.
How accessible is the array of these documents?
Sergey Andreevich Kotov: In general, the less liberalism in the admission of researchers, the better. Let's give everyone the opportunity, each cook will come with her passport and read. For what? Such archives with a powerful documentary base, such as RGASPI, should be used exclusively for research purposes. We have about 1,300 foreign researchers alone throughout the year. There are layers of documents here that are not found in any other country, for example, a segment of the left movement, the labor movement. Even some economic documents have settled with us, but not with them. They come and conscientiously study this whole matter. I don't understand our historians who don't appear. But our historians may simply not have the funding to travel to Moscow. A monstrous situation.
After all, there are fashionable topics on which there is more research?
Sergey Andreevich Kotov: They are not fashionable, they are simply thrown into the public consciousness as basic ones. For example, “we will all engage in de-Stalinization.” What does it mean to “engage in de-Stalinization”? And who will take care of the rest? You see, in our country everything worked out very beautifully, competently and according to textbooks. Here are the non-governmental public organizations, they throw money at them from behind the cordon. They are actively studying de-Stalinization. If they stop studying, they will stop throwing money at them. This suddenly became one of the main social trends. But the fact that our children cannot join the army by the age of 18, because the physical education system has been destroyed, has not bothered anyone for a quarter of a century. Now I'm excited. The President signs a decree on the GTO complex. We are now creating a two-volume collection of sports and physical education for children in the 20s-50s. How much money and effort was spent by the state, how many institutions were involved so that children could, after finishing their studies at school, go here and there, and do this, and that. But this is all politics.
Is any selection from your array a political decision?
Sergey Andreevich Kotov: Certainly.
RUSSIAN STATE ARCHIVE OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY - archival service of Russia.
Since 1999 - Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI);
1991-1999 - Russian Center for Storage and Study of Contemporary History (RCKHIDNI);
VI.-X.1991 - Central Party Archive of the Institute of Theory and History of Socialism of the CPSU Central Committee (TsPA ITIS);
1956-1991 - Central Party Archive of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism under the CPSU Central Committee (CPA IML under the CPSU Central Committee);
1954-1956 - Central Party Archive of the Institute of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin under the CPSU Central Committee (CPA IMELS);
1931-1954 - Central Party Archive of the Institute of Marx, Engels, Lenin / Institute of Marxism-Leninism under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) - CPSU (CPA IML);
1923-1931 - V.I. Lenin Institute under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks;
1921-1931 - Institute of K. Marx and F. Engels under the Central Executive Committee of the USSR;
1920-1928 - Archive of the Commission for collecting and studying materials on the history of the October Revolution and the history of the Russian Communist Party: (Archive of the Istpart of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks));
1919-1943 - Archive of the III (Communist) International (Comintern Archive);
1960-1993 - Museum of K. Marx and F. Engels;
1992-1999 - Center for Storage of Documents of Youth Organizations (CDMO);
1965-VI.1992 - Central archive of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union (CA Komsomol).
RCKHIDNI was formed in October 1991 on the basis of the former Central Party Archive (CPA IML), which was nationalized by presidential decree of August 24, 1991. Opened to visitors in December 1991. In March 1999, RCKHIDNI was merged with the former Central Archive of the Komsomol, formed in 1965 on the basis of the archive of the general department of the Komsomol Central Committee as the Central Archive of the Komsomol and since 1992 bore the name of the Center for the Storage of Documents of Youth Organizations - TsKHDMO. The united archive received a new name - the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI). As a result, the archive became the main repository of documentation on the history of socialism, documents of the CPSU and its predecessors, as well as documents on the history of the Komsomol movement in the country.
The beginning of the formation of the collections of the TsPA IML, the predecessor of the RGASPI, dates back to the time of the creation of pre-revolutionary archives and libraries of Russian Social Democracy abroad (in exile). After the October Revolution, both state archives and specially created research centers with their own archives, which belonged either to the state or the Communist Party, began to collect and store historical and revolutionary documents. Created in 1920 under the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR, the Commission for collecting and studying materials on the history of the October Revolution and the history of the Russian Communist Party (Istpart), which from 1921 to 1928 existed as a department of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, received the right to store the collected documents in specially organized department “Documents on the history of the RCP (b)” in the Archive of the October Revolution (AOR). Istpart's own archive was created in April 1924 and by the end of the 1920s it contained more than 60,000 documents, including magazines and brochures, proclamations and decrees, and newspapers. It included funds from the library and archive of the RSDLP and the G.A. Kuklin Library in Geneva.
Another NI - the Marx and Engels Institute - was separated from the Socialist Academy in June 1921 and became an independent institution under the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. Under the leadership of D.B. Ryazanov, copies of documents of K. Marx and F. Engels, documents about their activities in the International Labor Movement and personal life, from the archives of the Social Democratic Party of Germany and other European repositories were collected here. Original documents of Marx and Engels, personal archives of famous socialists (for example, E. Bernstein, K. Kautsky, L. Blanc, O. Blanqui, E. Vaillant, etc.), collections of original documents of the Great French Revolution, the Paris Commune of 1871, revolutionary movements of 1848-1849, were purchased from German and French antique dealers, from the heirs of participants in the events, or received as a gift. By the end of the 1920s, the Institute housed more than 175,000 documents.
In September 1923, a memorial repository of V.I. Lenin's manuscripts appeared - at the V.I. Lenin Institute (which worked as a department of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (b)). In August 1928, Istpart with its archive was annexed to it. A year later, on their basis, the Central Party Archive (CPA) began to be formed. According to the decree of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) (November 1923) recognizing the Lenin Institute as the only repository of Lenin’s documents in the country, all state institutions, state archives, party bodies, private individuals (party members and non-party members) were required to transfer the letters they kept to the Institute , notes, draft government and party decisions, manuscripts of articles and other documents of Lenin. In 1931, the Marx-Engels and Lenin Institutes merged into a single Institute of Marx, Engels, Lenin under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (IMEL), and the Central PA was singled out as one of the independent structural divisions. Further renaming affected only the name of the institution itself, but did not entail changes in its profile and the composition of documentation. In addition to the documents of Istpart, the Institute of Marx - Engels and Lenin of the Central PA since the early 1930s was regularly replenished with documents of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) - the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) - the CPSU, other leading party organs and institutions.
At the end of the Second World War, the archive was replenished with “trophy” materials, including the personal collection of F. Lassalle. Materials of the Second International, police files concerning Marx, Engels and other figures of the socialist movement. Some of them were initially placed in the Special Archive (TsGOA USSR, then TsKhIDK, now RGVA) and later transferred to the Central Archive.
In 1959, the archive of the Third (Communist) International, liquidated in 1943, was transferred from the General Department of the CPSU Central Committee to the Central PA. These materials formed a separate section of the archive.
By the nature of its activities and the documents stored, the Central Archive was the scientific and historical archive of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, in contrast to the current archives of the Party Central Committee, which were directly part of the structure of its apparatus.
In 1993, in connection with the liquidation, the funds of the former were merged into the RCKHIDNI. Museum of K. Marx and F. Engels.
Since 1993, RGASPI has been replenished with significant sets of materials from the CPSU Central Committee and personal funds of CPSU leaders from the historical part of the Archive of the President of the Russian Federation. Of particular interest is the part of the archive of I.V. Stalin received in April 1999, which is currently open to users.
socio-political history
completed by a first-year student of the Faculty of History and Geography, gr. 1581 Nurutdinov Lenar Renatovich
is done by a student1st year historical and geographical
faculty
gr. 1581
Nurutdinov Lenar
Renatovich
Federal government institution "Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History" (RGASPI)
Address: 125009, Moscow, st.B. Dmitrovka, 15
Directions: metro stations
"Pushkinskaya", "Tverskaya",
"Okhotny Ryad"
Email: rgaspi
inbox.ru
Official site:
http://rgaspi.org/
general information
RGASPI isfederal government
institution and
is in charge
Federal Archive
agency in accordance
with the order
Government of the Russian Federation dated 26
January 2011
Archive history
1919–1943 – Archive III(Communist
International (Archive
Comintern)
1920–1928 – Commission for
collecting and studying
history materials
October Revolution and
history of the RCP
Archive history
1921–1931 – Institute of K.Marx and F. Engels under
Central Executive Committee of the USSR
1923–1931 – Institute of V.I.
Lenin under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1929–1931 – Central
party archive (CPA)
Institute V.I. Lenin at
Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks
Archive history
1931–1954 – Centralparty archive of the Institute
Marx, Engels, Lenin
under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) - CPSU (TsPA
IMEL)
1954–1956 – Central
party archive of the Institute
Marx, Engels, Lenin,
Stalin under the Central Committee of the CPSU (TsPA
IMELS)
Archive history
1956–1991 – Centralparty archive of the Institute
Marxism-Leninism under the Central Committee
CPSU (TsPA IML under the Central Committee of the CPSU)
1965–June
1992
–
Central
archive
All-Union
Leninsky
communist
union
youth (CA Komsomol)
1960–1993 – Karl Marx Museum and
F. Engels
Archive history
October 1991–March 1999 –Russian storage center and
studying documents of the latest
history (RCKHIDNI)
1992–1999 – Storage Center
documents
youth
organizations (TsKhDMO)
since March 1999 – Russian
state
archive
socio-political
history (RGASPI) In 1940, in the park in front of the building
IMEL (RGASPI) a monument was erected
History of the building
The building was built for storagedocuments,
related
With
legacy of the founders
scientific
communism.
WITH
the moment the name was created
The archive has changed several times.
Initially
Institute
Lenin, then the MarxEngels-Lenin-Stalin Institute,
then Central Party
archive of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism under the CPSU Central Committee.
History of the building
The first stage with a facade onSoviet Square was built in
1925-27 according to the architect's design
S.E.
Chernyshev.
Building
done
V
style
constructivism and in its own way
tectonics echoes the upper
part
Mausoleum.
Such
"roll call" architecture of the building
declares himself a custodian
heights
thoughts
theorists
communism.
The square in front of the institute was
formalized later, by 1947, and
somewhat downplayed the ascetic
"sanctity" of the place.
RGASPI funds
In RGASPI as of 01/01/2012691 funds were stored for
1617-2011;
2,147,000 units archive:
photographic documents - 182.500
units hr.,
phonodocuments-1.300.000
units hr.,
museum materials -
140 thousand units hr. RGASPI documents consist of two main
thematic complex:
documents on social and political history
Western Europe (XVII-XX centuries)
documents on political and social history
Russia and the USSR of modern and modern times (second
half of the 19th - beginning of the 21st centuries)
Charter of RGASPI
Mainlocal act
federal
government
institutions
"Russian
state
archive
socio-political
history" is the Charter,
approved
By order
Rosarkhiva No. 39 from
05/31/2011 Director
RGASPI:
Sorokin Andrey
Konstantinovich
Subject and goals of RGASPI activities
storage and preservation of Archival documentsfund of the Russian Federation and other archival documents, museum objects and
materials received by the Archive;
accounting of documents of the Archive Fund of the Russian Federation and other archival
documents, museum objects and materials stored in
Archive;
replenishment of the Archive with documents from the Archive Fund of the Russian Federation and others
archival documents related to the Archive profile;
use of documents from the Archive Fund of the Russian Federation and others
archival documents stored in the Archives;
research and methodological work in the field
archival science, document science, archeography and others
special historical disciplines in relation to
profile of the Archive.
The activities of RGASPI also include
information support for citizens and government bodies. authorities,local government, organizations and public
associations based on documents from the Archive Fund of the Russian Federation and
other archival documents.
fulfillment of Russian requests, foreign citizens, persons without
citizenship related to the implementation of their legal rights and
freedoms, registration in the prescribed manner of archival
certificates, including those sent to foreign countries.
Preparation
documentary
publications
A
Also
documentary exhibitions and reference books on the composition and
contents of documents of the Archive Fund of the Russian Federation
creation of an insurance fund for unique and especially valuable
documents of the Archive Fund of the Russian Federation.
declassification of information carriers in accordance with the established procedure,
constituting a state secret.
Guides, signs
1. Russian Center for Document Storage and Studymodern history: a short guide. Funds and
collections collected by the Central Party Archive.
Vol. 1. - M.: Blagovest, 1993. - 201 p.
2. Russian Center for Document Storage and Study
modern history: a guide to funds and collections
personal origin. Vol. 2. - M.: 1996. - 405 p.
3. Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History: Brief Reference / Reference and information materials for documentary and
museum funds of RGASPI. Issue 3. - M.: Rossiyskaya
political encyclopedia (ROSSPEN), 2004. - 352 p.
Guides, signs
4. Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History: A Guide to Funds andcollections of documents of the CPSU (October 25 (November 7) 1917
- August 1991). / Reference and information
materials for documentary and museum collections
RGASPI. Vol. 4. - M.: Russian political
encyclopedia (ROSSPEN), 2008. - 463 p.
5.STATE DEFENSE COMMITTEE OF THE USSR.
Regulations and activities. 1941–1945 In 2 volumes.
M., Political Encyclopedia, 2015. (Series: Proceedings
RGASPI). T.1 - 1222 pp.; v.2 - 1342 p.
Exhibitions RGASPI
"Soviet prisoners of war: feat and tragedy" (March 2015,RGASPI)
"Pages of the history of the Comintern" (March 2015, RGASPI)
"The Saga of a Generation" (February 2015, RGASPI)
"The First World War and the State Duma" (November
2014, State Duma of the Russian Federation)
"Khrushchev. To the 120th anniversary of his birth" (November 2014,
Exhibition Hall of the Federal Archives)
"The tragedy of the Russian Cossacks" (March 2014, RGASPI)
"150 years of social democracy in Germany" (November 2013,
RGASPI, Moscow)
Exhibitions RGASPI
“His Calvary. In the name of Alexander Zinoviev they are accused..."(May 2013, RGASPI, Moscow)
“The Icon Karl Marx: the cult of images and the image of the cult” (Trier,
Germany, January 2013)
“Documents of Soviet history: the price of achievements. For the 90th anniversary
Russian
state
archive
sociopolitical history" (January 2011, State
Duma of the Russian Federation)
“At the headquarters of victory. Documents of the State Committee
defense, Central headquarters of the partisan movement,
Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks from the funds of the RGASPI" (June 2011,
State Duma of the Russian Federation)
It presents unique
documents and photographs, including
including underground documents
organizations operating in
Nazi
concentration camps,
photographs of resistance heroes,
Nazi interrogation protocol
concentration camp of Joseph Stalin's son -
Yakov Dzhugashvili, trophy
photos,
done
V
dungeons
concentration
camps and other exhibits.
Exhibition “SOVIET PRISONERS OF WAR: FEAT AND TRAGEDY” (March 2015, RGASPI)
The Chairman visited the exhibitionRussian historical
society, chairman
State Duma
Federal Assembly of the Russian
Federation S.E. Naryshkin and
head of the Federal
archival agency A.N. Artizov.
Explanations were given by the director of RGASPI
A.K. Sorokin, head of research department
and NSA M.S. Astakhova, chief
security department
documents V.N. Fomichev et al.
archive specialists.
"PAGES OF THE HISTORY OF THE COMINTERN" (March 2015, RGASPI)
"PAGES OF THE HISTORY OF THE COMINTERN"(March 2015, RGASPI)
March 5, 2015 in Vystavochny
hall of the Russian
state archive
socio-political
history exhibition opened
PAGES OF HISTORY
COMINTERN, dedicated
for the presentation of the Internet resource "Comintern Archive"
on the website of the Federal
archival agency
"Documents of the Soviet era".
RGASPI ACTIVITIES in 2015
In 2015, the work of RGASPI in the field of usingarchival documents were built according to the following
priority areas:
- execution of socio-legal and thematic
requests;
- organization of the work of reading rooms of RGASPI;
- organization and participation in the preparation of historical and documentary exhibitions;
implementation
plan
scientific publishing
archive activities.
RGASPI ACTIVITIES in 2015
Completed5
892
request
organs
state
authorities,
organizations,
institutions and users:
- social and legal – 943;
- thematic – 4,949 (of which – 3,922
biographical).
RGASPI ACTIVITIES in 2015
A reception was organized in the reading rooms of RGASPI 1 109users (9,549 visits), including:
- 767 Russian researchers;
- 66 researchers from the former CIS countries;
- 276 foreign researchers from 32 countries.
Issued to the reading room for researchers:
- 7,904 inventories;
- 19,351 storage units;
- 9,012 storage units use fund (microfilms and
microfiche).
Reading room opening hours
Reading room No. 1 (general reading room)st. Bolshaya Dmitrovka, 15, 5th floor
tel. (495) 694-40-34
schedule:
Monday – from 12.00. until 20.00.
Tuesday – from 11.00 to 17.00.
Wednesday – from 10.00. until 17.30.
Thursday – from 11.00 to 17.00.
Friday – from 9.30. until 16.30.
Reading room opening hours
Reading room No. 2 (room for working withinternational worker documents
movement)
st. Bolshaya Dmitrovka, 15, 4th floor, room 413
tel. (495) 694-40-48
Reading room opening hours
Reading room No. 3 (room for working with documentsyouth organizations)
st. Profsoyuznaya, 82 2nd floor (Kaluzhskaya metro station)
tel. (495) 718-72-67
schedule:
Monday – from 10.00. until 16.00.
Tuesday – from 10.00 to 16.00.
Wednesday – from 10.00. until 16.00.
Thursday – from 10.00 to 16.00.
Friday – from 10.00. until 15.00.