DIY board fence. Wooden fences: effective protection of the site How to quickly make a fence from pieces of wood

The fence belongs to the elements garden landscape. In addition to their direct “responsibilities” - protecting the site from unauthorized access and indicating the boundaries of private households, fences play an important role in the aesthetic arrangement of the territory. The fence comes in different types, configurations and textures, but the most popular for decorative purposes was and remains wooden version. In addition, you can make such a fence yourself, using all your imagination as a craftsman.

Making a wooden fence is quite simple compared to its metal counterpart. This option has many advantages with minimal disadvantages. For the construction of wooden fencing you can use various material– boards with different breeds trees: beech, pine, larch or oak. Coniferous wood is especially valued. Each master chooses the material at his own discretion, because the main thing is that the wooden fence is of good quality and lasts a long time.

How to make a fence correctly

Wood fences can be divided into 2 groups: hedges and palisades. Also, such fences vary in design (picket fence, wattle fence, bamboo fence, ranch, lattice and other fence design options).

The most popular and simple ones are picket fences, as well as those made by a continuous row of boards. Regardless of what kind of fence you plan to build, you definitely need to carry out preparatory work according to its structure:

• clear the area for the wooden fence (remove debris, pull out grass or weeds, uproot stumps and roots of old trees, if any);
• dismantle the old fence;
• draw up a design diagram of the future picket fence, where to mark the location of the gate, taking into account boundary boundaries and signs;
• choose and buy everything necessary materials for the construction of a fence (wood, nails or construction screws treated with an anti-corrosion agent, cement to stabilize the fence support, beams and logs, paint);
• prepare tools (hammer, hacksaw, shovel, crowbar, hole drill, tamper, cord and pegs for marking the area, wheelbarrow, container for mixing cement mortar or concrete mixer).

Service life of a wooden fence

A wooden fence has a service life of about 8 years. However, if you properly care for it and repair it on time, then this period increases 3 times. A good wooden fence can last more than 30 years, although fences from historical wooden architecture, which are more than 50 years old.

The main factors for the durability of wooden fences are:

• quality of building material - wood (soft or hard wood, manufacturer);
• good quality and correct installation;
• operating conditions.

Manufacturers determine the quality of a material by its likely wear resistance. Also, the service life of the fence depends on how carefully it is handled.

The advantages of wooden fences are:

• environmentally friendly - absolutely clean natural material, which does not harm the environment, the sanded fence is pleasant to the touch, it does not absorb sunlight, which is important for close-growing plants;
• variability - in comparison with the factory version of a metal profile, which is usually installed in a vertical position, various options can be worked out with wood - horizontally, vertically, diagonally, interlaced, and also use boards of various lengths, widths and thicknesses;
• ease of installation - when installing a wooden fence, no special skills, thorough concreting or a large number of people are required, since a wooden fence is not heavy and can be easily handled by one person;
• aesthetics – the natural beauty of wood leads in the selection of materials for the future fence; it looks great in any landscape design solution.

It is worth considering that wood is “afraid” of exposure to moisture, since over time it begins to rot, turn black, and become covered with mold spots. To delay these unpleasant moments, it is necessary to carefully care for the wooden fence and carry out antiseptic prophylaxis for it in a timely manner. You should also pay attention to the flammability of this building material and apply special means for its impregnation and protection to prevent fire.

Wooden fence design

Modern wooden fences come in a variety of designs in any format that provide a visual impact. Such a fence - traditional version for Russian villages, holiday villages or country cottages.

The tree is beautifully decorated and covered different paints or varnish, it fits harmoniously into any landscape composition. The design of a wooden fence depends on the preferences, imagination of the owner, as well as the overall compositional background. The most original fences are obtained using following types fences:

• solid - made in the form of a palisade made of stakes or round logs, slabs, edged boards;
• option checkerboard layout or overlap - the boards are laid in a horizontal, vertical or diagonal position;
• “braiding” - boards are fixed between support pillars, either from the inside or the outside, by braiding them;
• – a combination of boards with round logs as support, a classic option;
• wicker fence - vines, tree branches, twigs are used;
• lattice fencing - slats are used;
• a fence in the style of a cowboy ranch - the exotic horizontal bars are attractive with brutality; it is recommended to combine them with a massive concrete or stone base.

Whatever fence design you choose, it is worth considering its role in the overall compositional picture and functionality.

Wooden fences among owners summer cottages extremely popular. However, sometimes you can hear how wood is called a cheap material, boring and boring. Whereas true connoisseurs understand that natural material is always beautiful, environmentally friendly, modern and stylish. And if the owner of the property has taste, a wooden fence can look expensive and truly impressive.

Peculiarities

Fencing the estate is one of the most necessary elements in a garden plot, regardless of its size. Such structures can be extremely diverse: have a decorative function or protect the territory from intruders, be expensive or budget, have a complex configuration or an ordinary picket fence.

Wood is extremely popular. Wood as a raw material is more expensive than profiled sheets, but cheaper than brick or forged metal. The choice of this material is supported by its environmental friendliness.

In our age of high technology and a large number of industrial facilities, when “black skies” over cities have become commonplace, many people opt for natural materials. The tree becomes a way out for people who care about the well-being of themselves and their loved ones.

Wooden fence you can paint it, you can decorate it with unique carvings, which often add chic to the entire garden. But even unpainted wood looks very good. Of course, wood is not as durable as, for example, brick or concrete. However, there are special compounds to treat and protect a wooden fence from fungus or wood bugs. And this will significantly increase the service life of the structure. In addition, you can coat the structure with varnish, drying oil or special paint enriched with protective substances. This will also affect its service life and increase it.

It is no coincidence that a wooden fence is considered one of the most beautiful. Any wooden houses: not only those made of logs or timber, but also those that use only wood-like finishing, look very harmonious, complemented by a fence made of the same material. As a rule, wood structures easily fit into any design solution.

Advantages and disadvantages

Wood has many advantages, and they are all quite significant.

• Wood is a natural and eco-friendly material that does not pollute the environment. It is light, alive, “breathing”, which creates a feeling of being filled fresh air space. In plastic or glass interior don't experience this.
• A wooden fence will not require much effort to care for it; with the help of minimal skills you can change a board that is out of order, and in order to paint a structure, you just need to pick it up paint brush or roller.
• Practicality of wooden structures. They protect from prying eyes and from bad weather; if you care for them correctly, they will serve long time. If you choose a durable species, such as larch, oak or ash, this will increase the life of the fence. At the same time, such structures allow air to pass through well and do not “suffocate”.
• Natural material harmonizes with environment. A wooden fence can even become a real work of art if its owner has the taste. It is possible to decorate it however you like, and if you have the desire and ability, you can do it yourself.

• It is also important to take into account the relatively low cost, as well as simple installation. Even without resorting to the help of professionals, you can create a fence on your site in the shortest possible time. There are very few designs and types that you cannot make yourself.
• A large number of options suitable for a variety of situations. Wooden fences can be so different in appearance that essentially they have only one thing in common - the wood material from which they are made.
• Wood is also friendly to other materials and combines well with them. This makes it possible to come up with more more options design.
• An important fact is that wood absorbs sounds well. In country or cottage villages, erecting such a fence and getting rid of unnecessary noise can be a big plus.

The disadvantages traditionally include a short service life(maximum ten years), easily flammable if the material has not been subjected to fireproofing impregnations, as well as a tendency to get wet and rot. However, with proper care and regular treatment with special compounds, the “life” of a wooden fence can be significantly extended. In addition, if one or two boards are damaged, there is no need to disassemble the entire structure; it is enough to replace only the part that has failed.

You also need to take into account the rather low protective ability of wooden fences, unless, of course, it is a picket fence with pointed tops. The remaining types still serve more of a decorative function, decorating the site and complementing the architecture of the house building.

Accordingly, if there is a desire (or need) for the fence to provide protection, it may make sense to consider other, more durable materials or wooden fences in combination, for example, with brick supports.

Kinds

When choosing a fence for his site, each homeowner makes his own conclusions: how much it costs to build one or another type of fence, which types are the most popular, and which are durable. Wood is the unique material from which, if desired, you can build a thousand fences without ever repeating them.

There are several types of wooden fencing:

• classical;
• palisade;
• log paving;
• fence;
• ladder (herringbone);
• blinds;
• ranch;
• wattle fence;
• lattice.

A classic wooden fence consists of boards fitted to each other as a continuous sheet, which can be either vertical or horizontal. You can put it on a brick or stone foundation, or you can frame it with columns. This option is universal, applicable in almost any situation and for any area.

Unlike a classic palisade fence, the canvas is formed strictly vertically. As the name suggests, this type consists of stakes driven into the ground. This is a very aggressive type of fence, especially if you sharpen the upper ends of the logs. In addition, due to its density, this fence requires a large amount of material, so it may not be very cheap. Of all types of wooden fences, this one provides the best protection, since there are few people willing to climb over the sharp peaks of the palisade.

Modern palisades They look lighter than traditional ones; the stakes are not always closely matched to each other. There are fun designs available, such as spikes that are colored and sharpened like pencils. The elements of the palisade, framed by stone pillars and foundations, look original.

In log paving, logs tightly fitted to each other are laid horizontally, vertically or at an angle. In order to join more tightly, the logs are sawn in half.

As for the picket fence, it is traditionally used for fencing exclusively summer cottages. Protection is not its function; as a rule, this type of fence is low and sparse; most often it is installed to mark the site. Although you can give it the desired height and reduce the width of the gaps, this way the temporary fence will turn into a full-fledged fence.

You can increase the aesthetic appeal of a picket fence by creating the necessary combination of the pattern, the distance between the slats and the shape of the top edge, suitable for a particular area. This type is easy to install and inexpensive, but does not withstand mechanical loads well. A low picket fence is ideally complemented by climbing plants.

Some people distinguish this type of picket fence as “chess” in independent species. Since each side is facing due to the installation of the sheathing on longitudinal joists, this option is extremely attractive and also durable.

An interesting solution to chess boards, when the boards are tightly fitted at the bottom and gaps are left at the top. This way the design achieves a balance between privacy and openness.

When constructing a herringbone (ladder), the boards are installed horizontally and overlapping, and thanks to the specific design, the fence is ensured complete opacity with excellent ventilation.

To construct blinds, the boards are placed vertically or horizontally with a slight slope and stacked 1 or 2 cm on top of each other. This method reliably protects from prying eyes. At the same time, a fence of this design allows air to pass through well, so it is relevant for wetlands and areas located in lowlands. You can fix the structure on metal poles.

Wattle (tyn) - again from the name it is clear that this is a structure woven from bushes or tree shoots. She is very beautiful, elegant, but extremely fragile. To maintain aesthetically attractive looking You need to periodically “braid” stray branches into the structure and cut off shoots growing in the wrong direction.

Such a fence looks interesting when it is woven for a flower bed to protect it from access by animals. It’s even more original when several flower beds are woven in this way. You can also use plank boxes to create this kind of fence.

However, it would be incorrect to say that a wicker fence cannot be made of boards. On the contrary, such fences are popular, although more expensive. The most durable and solid among them is a wicker fence with brick pillars. It is very expensive and its installation takes a lot of time, but the result can exceed all expectations.

A wicker fence with metal posts looks very impressive. It is built much faster and easier, and costs much less than even a similar structure with false pillars.

Ranch - this type of fencing came from America, where it is very popular. In Russia it is no less popular, although it is called “fence”. It is used, as a rule, for zoning the front garden, as well as fencing the walking area of ​​farm animals. The “ranch” option, installed on a support made of stones with stone pillars, does not look out of place.

The most decorative of all types is the lattice. The planks can be placed at an angle, crosswise or in a braided pattern, in any case it will be aesthetically attractive. If you combine several types of “weaving” planks on one canvas, the fence will look even more impressive. The lattice used as a support looks very nice climbing plants or decorated with small baskets of flowers.

A lattice fence is the most suitable type of fencing for decoration.

The listed species are the main ones, other subspecies are derivatives from them. The list can go on for a long time: cat ears, dog ears, peaked, concave, double concave, convex - these are all types of fences. Each type performs its functions in accordance with the needs of the owner.

Options are also possible that combine two types of fencing, for example, wicker and checkerboard or lattice and checkerboard.

Materials

Most often, fences designed to protect a site are built using coniferous species: larch, spruce, cedar, pine. It should be borne in mind that pine is not the most durable material. To build a wooden fence, any type of fence will do. The main thing is the quality of the wood.

If you need to get by with a minimum of funds, then perfect option– pine or spruce boards treated with an antiseptic containing olive oil. However, we must remember that spruce is an extremely knotty material, subject, like pine, to increased cracking. However, these species are much easier to saw due to their softness.

It should be noted that when building a wooden fence there are two options: budget and expensive. The most expensive option is larch.

If you expect exclusively decorative qualities from a fence, it is better to opt for hardwood: birch, beech, ash. The strength of such a design may not be high, but it will look very attractive.

Support pillars can be made of brick, timber, metal profiles, pipes and screw piles. Brick or piles are preferable.

Depending on the type of fence being constructed, the material for its cladding is selected - logs (rounded or not), timber, boards, picket fence.

Having settled on a log, you should remember that the fence made from it is extremely heavy, requires more solid support, but at the same time is highly durable and reliable.

As for timber, it is divided into several types:

• whole;
• profiled;
• glued;
• spliced;
• double.

Timber is also a massive material, which greatly weighs down the fence and makes it durable. As with the choice of logs, a lumber fence requires very strong support posts.

If you decide to use boards, there are three types suitable for cladding the fence:

1. planed;
2. decorative;
3. unedged.

Most often, planed boards are used; they are universal and suitable for any fence. In addition, they are atraumatic, smooth and immediately ready for use.

For decorative boards, only the ends and sides are processed. After which they are aged using special staff. This species is becoming more and more popular among sophisticated summer residents. The brushing method gives the wood an original texture. The only negative is that the material is expensive.

The name “unedged board” speaks for itself - it is not treated with anything. This is economical, but is fraught with splinters, cuts and other minor injuries. Therefore, if you purchase this species, it is better to process it yourself.

Probably the most cheap option for the construction of a wooden fence - this is a slab, that is, a side cut of a log. One side is sawn and the other is unprocessed. We can say that croaker is a type of woodworking waste. By sanding and clearing the material of bark, it is easy to build a practical and beautiful fence. It can be laid both horizontally and vertically, with or without gaps.

It is important to note that only a business croaker can be used for fencing.

However, there is also a more expensive (and high-quality) version of this material - the so-called block house, which is essentially not pure slab, but its imitation. It is made from coniferous trees and costs several times more. It certainly looks more impressive.

It may be that the owner decides to combine materials, making a fence, for example, from wood and stone. This is a classic option, very attractive and interesting. Stone pillars act as supports, they are connected by spans of wood.

If stone supports are unavailable for some reason, you can replace them with false pillars - metal structures with an indelible pattern imitating stone or brick. Such pillars look like real ones, and can be made according to the customer’s sketch - for example, to look like wood.

An interesting combination (and very innovative) is offered by designers to brave owners: stones are tightly poured into a double chain-link fence, and the structure is closed at the top and bottom wooden planks. This structure is called “gabion”. It can also be used solo, dividing the space of a garden or recreation area into zones.

Regarding the quality of the material purchased for the construction of the fence, the following can be said.

• The plastic packaging in which the fence boards are located must be transparent. If it is not, it is better not to make a purchase. IN in this case You can't buy a pig in a poke.
• If there are drops of water inside the package, it means the boards are damp; when they dry, deformation may occur.
• Planed boards should not be rough or cracked. Also, chips are not allowed on them.
• Helical curvatures also indicate a defect. The boards need to be level.
• Knotted wood is no good, and it’s even worse if the knots have fallen out.
• The smell should be fresh, woody; the slightest hint of mold also means defectiveness, that is, rotting.
• The surface of the boards should not be wet.
• You should be suspicious of the presence of stains of unknown origin and unnatural color of the boards; this also indicates poor quality material.

Style and design

The fence, both erected around the house and located inside the site, must be in harmony directly with the house and other elements of the garden. It can be decorated in any style the owner wishes. Some people paint the fence, preferring this method of decoration to others. Someone decorates it with carved details, patterns, and ornaments. Some people like plants that cover the fence like a hedge.

You can decorate the fence however you like, as long as it doesn’t change your sense of proportion and style. As for design, currently, in addition to standard forms of fencing, a lot of new ones are offered, original options– convex, concave, wicker, puzzle gates, where each board is assigned custom uniform, and then they are all tightly fitted to each other in an intricate pattern.

Of course, wood carving remains the most popular solution chosen by owners to decorate their fence.

The thread can be:

• Geometric- this is a very difficult type of activity, since you need to use a special knife and chisel to cut out a pattern consisting of geometric shapes;
• Contour– also performed manually; The desired design is applied to the wood with a pencil, after which its outline is knocked out with a chisel. The result is a voluminous carved pattern, which can be given depth if the indentations are painted with one shade and the rest with another;
• Lace- the simplest way, its essence is that wooden blank apply a pattern. After this, they drill a hole into which they install a jigsaw knife, and then they work only with it.

Fences in the Provence style can be decorated with any elements that come to mind - from birdhouses to flower pots. Fans of country style should take a closer look at the darkened, unpainted wood, naturally in good condition.

Relatively rustic style we can say that this is the simplest thing that exists, and to create a fence in this style, a minimum of funds is enough - the same slab. The effect that such a fence creates, if it was created not hastily, but with taste and, as they say, with soul, is many times greater than the effort expended.

How to do it yourself?

It happens that the owner does not want to resort to the services of professionals, wanting to independently build a wooden fence in his garden. This is quite possible if you calculate the amount of materials and meticulously follow the steps of the step-by-step instructions. Moreover, installing a fence yourself can turn into a fun activity for one person or for the whole family.

Before starting work, you need to calculate how many boards you will need. It is not difficult. You need to divide the length of the proposed fence by the width of the board - if you plan, for example, to build a picket fence. If the fence is not continuous, then the width of the board is added to the width of the gap, then divide the length of the fence by this number.

In any case, it is better to purchase a little more boards than required. Especially if they are non-trivial, and it will be difficult to purchase them if there is a shortage.

However experienced summer resident knows that the store sells not boards, but cubic meters of wood. But it doesn't matter. To find out how much cubic meters wood will be needed for the construction, you must first multiply the length, width and thickness of one board. After this, we multiply the resulting number by the previously calculated number of boards. Everything is ready, the cubic meters have been calculated.

The easiest one to make is a picket fence with gaps. To construct it, you cannot do without drawing accessories - a ruler, a square, a pencil. In addition, you need a hacksaw for wood and, if you plan to cut curly elements, - jigsaw. To dig, you need a shovel; to drill, you need a drill. It is obvious.

The number of required accessories such as self-tapping screws and metal corners should be calculated in advance.

• The beginning of any construction is marking the territory and determining the line where the fence will go. This area needs to be cleared and dismantled. old building, if there is one.
• When the length and location are determined, you need to drive pegs along the entire length of the future fence. Once the location for the wicket (or gate, or both) is determined, the points are marked support pillars at a distance of 2 to 3 m between each.
• Next is time to install the base. This may be the foundation or the installation of support pillars. The pillars can be driven in or placed on a concrete base. The depth to which the supports are dug should not be less than 0.7 m. At this stage, you need to control the height of the supports.
• It is recommended to treat the part of the supports that goes into the ground with liquid bitumen; this will significantly strengthen the base and also extend the life of the fence as a whole.
• It is safest to fill the hole where the support is installed, liquid concrete. Then the supports will definitely not become loose.

• Two crossbars (upper and lower) are attached to the support posts using nails or self-tapping screws. If the fence is high, you can attach a third one in the middle.
• Form the body of the fence by attaching boards. The choice of method of fastening the boards depends on the selected type of fence and the wishes of the owner. If you wish, you can not limit yourself to a simple horizontal or vertical layout by forming an ornament (after thinking through how to do this).
• To give additional strength to the structure, it is recommended to attach the boards to pre-installed metal corners.
• After this, all that remains is to treat the fence with protective compounds, for example, impregnation against moisture.
• To make a wicket, the canvas is assembled separately.

To learn how to make a wooden fence with your own hands, see the following video.

In order for the fence to last as long as possible, it is necessary to properly care for it. Fire retardants and other substances, if treated with wood before installation, will protect it from rotting, insects, sun rays.

Through application various types paints can both enhance the qualities of wood and decorate the fence. Currently, paints not only impart color, but also carry out a number of protective functions. Before painting, the surface must be thoroughly cleaned and dried, if possible degreased. If there are traces of the old coating, they must be removed with a scraper or a stiff brush.

Most often, painting is done with a brush, less often with a spray gun. You need to paint along the fibers, at least 2 layers in the case of primary painting. If you need to renew the paint, one coat is enough. It is better not to start this type of work in the heat, rain or wind.

It must be remembered that not a single remedy, even the most potent one, will always work. Therefore, regular processing should become a rule for fencing care.

There are several effective formulations, for example:

• Toplasur Belinka. Suitable for all types of wood. It is not subject to tinting and is available in ready-made shades. Helps the material withstand adverse weather conditions.
• Holzlasur gel JOBI. It has the property of repelling water and adheres well to the surface. Prevents the development of wood diseases (fungus, rot and others). Translucent.
• Pinotex ultra. Has the same properties as the composition above. However, it is opaque and subject to tinting.
• Tikkurila valtti color extra. About 40 shades, protects from direct sunlight and precipitation.
• "Olympus Omicron". Protects against factors such as mold, insects, moisture, ultraviolet radiation. Has low consumption and is economical. Subject to tinting.

To extend the service life of the fence during the construction period, the following conditions must be met:

• make sure that there are no anthills or overgrown bushes in the area where you plan to install the fence;
• impregnate the boards with antiseptics before starting installation;
• Having finished it, prime the entire surface; choose a warm day for this, when the tree is dry;
• the primer should be made with paint that contains a lot of natural oils.

To ensure the fence additional protection, a canopy is installed on the top of the fence, which is attached to additional slats. This will protect the fence from precipitation. It can be either a canopy made of wood, metal or metal-plastic. The color can be either tone-on-tone or contrast with the fence, depending on the overall design of the owner. The shape of the skate can be different - either an angle, or a semicircle, or in the form of the letter P.

To protect the bottom of the fence, constant removal of excess grass is necessary. The more it grows near the fence, the higher the moisture level, and this, in turn, can lead to rot. To avoid this, gravel can be added after the grass has been removed.

Beautiful examples and options

Below are options for different wooden fences - for a private house, cottage, garden. Even in this small sample, you can see how diverse wood can be, harmoniously adapting to any style and adjacent to any other material.

• Massive antique fencing adds solidity and status.
• Original wooden picket fence. A simple and elegant grille option that looks great on concrete foundation. It is thanks to concrete that proximity to a lawn does not cause wood to rot.

• Or you can make a wicker fence from hazel. The most interesting option The fence is an original companion for a concrete site.
• A horizontal fence made of boards, built like a wattle fence, is a very interesting specimen. Upper metal strip in the shape of the letter P reliably protects the wood from precipitation.

• A slab fence on a concrete foundation. An excellent example of how cheap material can be presented at a high price. Thanks to the tight fit of the boards to each other, an intricate pattern has formed on the canvas, and the ridge strip on top provides protection from destructive environmental factors.
• In country style, an antique wooden fence with imitation rope stitches. Deliberately simple technique at the same time it looks very unusual.

• A wooden fence with brick pillars looks very massive. The construction is strong and durable. The concrete base gives additional solidity.
• But this is an inexpensive, original and attractive design: a fence made of wood (Euro picket fence) on false posts.

• Gabions are containers made of metal or plastic mesh. The solution is innovative, unconventional and attractive in appearance. Suitable for combination with other material in the fence fabric, and for independent use– for zoning space.

A wooden fence is a long-known option for fencing a site, but it is still used today. The popularity does not fade due to the good price-quality ratio, as well as a large number various designs. In addition, building a wooden fence with your own hands is much easier compared to stone and metal fencing.

Review of existing types of structures

Each option has individual characteristics, due to which in some conditions installation is preferable, and in other cases, on the contrary, it is better to refrain from installation.

Taking this into account, a wooden fence is selected:

1. A solid canvas is a variant of a blind fence, since the boards are located closely, so that there is no view from the street at all. If you make the structure of sufficient height, you can eliminate the risk of entry into the territory. This type of fencing is universal because it is used with the same degree of efficiency both in the countryside, in a country village, and within the city.
2. The picket fence is one of the popular designs. It is an open fence. In this case, the fence boards are located in two planes: horizontal and vertical. But it is the second option that is more common. Logs, which are usually located perpendicular to the base material (use 2-3 pieces), help to strengthen the structure. The distance between the boards (pickets) can vary and is determined by the owner individually. But the further away the wooden elements of the fence are from each other, the wider the view of the area from the street opens. This has its advantages: the area is not shaded, natural air circulation is maintained.
3. Wooden fence in the form of a lattice. This option stands out from a number of designs due to its aesthetic appeal. The basis of the design is the frame. A sheathing made of small planks is attached to it. They are located perpendicular to each other. There are two options for attaching the sheathing: straight or at an angle of 45 degrees.
4. Ranch – characterized by simplicity of design. main feature– such a wooden fence opens up a wide viewing angle from the street, since the boards are located at a significant distance from each other. Among other things, such structures are usually low.
5. Blinds are an attractive fencing option. It resembles plastic window curtains, only the fence is not equipped with a movable mechanism. The owner can decide for himself at what distance the lamellas will be located so that the design ultimately satisfies all requirements.
6. Chess is a more complex version of the picket fence. Its feature is the double-row installation of boards.
7. Palisade Special view fence, different decorative qualities, but may not be installed everywhere. In addition, wooden fences in this design require slightly larger investments than a picket fence or lattice, since the use of timber is required.

The choice of the most suitable option should be made based on the characteristics of the fenced object (style, design of the local landscape). In addition to this, wishes for the degree of transparency of the fence are taken into account, as well as the level of shading of the area, which is especially important if you plan to plant a vegetable garden.

Determining the right wood species

Any wooden fence is built with the expectation that the result will be reliable design with a long period of operation. Considering that wood, most other materials, is susceptible to moisture, you need to select the species as carefully as possible.

An important selection criterion is high degree density. Alder, oak, mulberry, ash, and larch are best suited for fencing construction.

Birch should not be considered. Pine is also not the most suitable option. This is not explained by the quality of the wood, but by the difficulty of processing. Before installation, such material is thoroughly impregnated with special compounds.

Preparatory stage

First of all, a sketch of the future fence is created, on the basis of which the amount of material is calculated. If we consider simple fence made of wood - a picket fence, for its construction you will need timber for pillars (50x100 mm) or metal analogue(60x60 mm or diameter more than 60 mm).

Wooden fence diagram

It is also possible to make stone support posts. The number of pillars is determined by the size of the area and the length of the section. To calculate how many fence boards are needed, you should determine their width (from 80 to 150 mm), as well as the distance between them.

You may also need cement, sand, and crushed stone. Finishing work are carried out using paints and varnishes (it is necessary to take into account the consumption per 1 sq. m). A cord and stakes are used to mark the area.

Basic tools for work:

• hammer;
• Circular Saw;
• axe;
• level;
• shovel;
• sandpaper;
• nail puller;
• brushes;
• roulette;
• hacksaw for wood.

You should prepare the material and all the tools at once so as not to waste time searching during installation. In addition, the use of some materials ( concrete mortar, varnish or paint) require quick execution of all actions.

Carrying out work in stages

Important feature: if you plan to build a fence, the selected tree must be well dried ( permissible level humidity not more than 20%).

Installation of poles for different soils

The installation sequence will be as follows:

• The area is cleaned, the soil is leveled as necessary, then the area is marked: stakes are placed in the corners and at the points where supports are installed for attaching wickets and gates;
• by using hand drill holes are made in the ground (recommended depth 1-1.5 m), diameter 20 cm;
• before installation wooden poles the lower part, which will be in contact with the ground, is processed bitumen mastic;
• a sand and gravel cushion is laid at the bottom of the pits (10 cm each layer), the pillars can be covered with soil or completely concreted;
• first of all, corner posts are installed, the work is carried out using a building level, then it is necessary to pull the cord between them, it will act as a guide for the remaining pillars, and the width of one section should not exceed 2.5 m;
• Next, the cross members are attached; this can be done using a special metal cross;
• All that remains is to secure the fences, their lowest point should always be located at least 5 cm above the ground level, and in the work, again, the cord is used as a guide during installation wooden elements fence, therefore, first of all, install the outer fences in the section.

When building a wooden fence with your own hands, we must not forget that before installation, each element, crossbar and support must be planed. And the choice of foundation type is made based on the soil structure in the area and the weight of the fence.

Processing and painting the fence

First of all, the structure is coated with a protective compound. A popular option is drying oil. The final finishing of the fence can be done using varnish or paint. If you want to preserve the structure natural material, you should apply a clear varnish. But in any case, the combination of protective composition and final coating will ensure longer-term operation.

Drying oil is applied as the first layer, then after it completely dry the fence is covered paint and varnish material. Moreover, it is recommended to do this twice. It should be taken into account that the protective composition can lighten the wood.

Care and operation

In order for the hedge to remain resistant to destruction due to exposure to moisture for many years, it is necessary to keep it under control. general state designs. In particular, we are talking about the quality of finishing, the presence of deformations of the boards, and rust (if metal elements were used in the design).

Restoration of the external coating should be carried out once every few years, but the break in such work should not exceed 3 years.

Another point is determining the type of foundation. The key factors here are the weight of the structure and the structure of the soil. The most common option is a columnar base followed by concreting the racks. Moreover, the recommended depth of pillars lies within 1-1.5 m.

The content of the article:

A wooden fence is perfect solution For suburban area. Any owner, relying on his own imagination, can make a completely exclusive fence thanks to the properties of wood and the many options for using it for this purpose. How to make a wooden fence without resorting to high costs, you will learn from our article.

Types and features of wooden fences

Depending on the height, fences are divided into three categories: low, up to 0.8 m high; medium - up to 1.5 m; high - more than 1.5 m.

Based on their appearance, wooden fences can be divided into several types:

• Fence. It is a canvas made up of slats nailed to horizontal purlins and secured between support posts. Such a fence is often used for decorative purposes, as well as to fence off an area from the street and neighbors.
• . It consists of treated boards nailed together tightly, overlapping or with gaps to purlins located horizontally between the supports. Among wooden fences, plank fences are considered the most reliable.
• Palisade. This is a fence consisting of a series of logs dug vertically into the ground. The logs can be located close to each other or with gaps. To strengthen such a fence on its inner side, the logs are connected using nails with transverse strips. Consumption wood material when constructing a log fence garden plot is often unjustified.
• Wattle. For a dacha, such a fence is a beautiful and successful solution. It is made of small height, using willow or birch branches to weave the fabric.

What type of wooden fence to choose depends on the preferences of the site owner. But usually, high structures separate the perimeter of the entire site, low fences divide the courtyard into zones, and medium-height fences are erected on the border with friendly neighbors or if there is an intention to keep pets.

Regardless of the type, the design of any wooden fence consists of three main elements: support posts, transverse purlins and material for filling its sections - boards, rods, slabs, etc.

Advantages and disadvantages of a wooden fence

The main advantages of wooden fencing are light weight wood, which facilitates its transportation, and affordable cost. Simple design such fences allows you to build them yourself.

Wooden fencing blends perfectly with the green landscape of the site, stone house or a log house. If you show a little imagination, you can make your wooden fence absolutely unique.

The disadvantage of constructing wooden fences is their short service life. Wood is susceptible to rotting and damage by wood insects. Fire and precipitation have a negative effect on it.

But it is not difficult to deal with such problems today. There are many different protective compounds such as antiseptics, stains and fire retardants. Lumber or logs treated with them last much longer.

Wooden fence installation technology

Even the most ordinary wooden fences can be made beautiful with proper installation and finishing. Installing a wooden fence consists of three steps: installing the support posts, attaching the transverse purlins and nailing the picket fence. Instead of picket fences and purlins, such fences can use a slab, a palisade made of logs or wickerwork. Let's consider the basic principle of installing a wooden fence.

Preparatory work

They include the choice of fencing design, design, preparation of materials, tools and marking of the fence perimeter on the ground.

You need to start work by determining the type of fence you are planning. The easiest way is to build a picket fence. If such a fence is decorative, it can be assembled from thin strips with a diagonal arrangement. Many owners like a solid fence made of slabs that imitate a palisade.

The top of the fence sections can also be done in different ways. It can be curly, convex or concave. In any case, before starting work, you need to clearly understand the appearance and design features of the planned fence. Several options for its sections can be drawn on paper and at the same time decide on the need for a plinth underneath them. Such a fence will be combined, that is, consisting of wood and stone, but in appearance no worse than a regular one.

In order to calculate the required amount of materials for external fencing, it is necessary to draw a plan of the land plot to scale. Knowing the dimensions of the sides of its perimeter, it is easy to calculate the length of the future fence. At its corners and entrance group it is necessary to plan the installation of support pillars, and every 2 m - intermediate posts, which will provide the fence structure with the required rigidity. Having all this data and determining the height of the fence, you can calculate the amount of material.

After completing the calculations on paper, you need to prepare the tools necessary for the work and begin marking the fence on the ground. The set of tools should include: pegs, nylon cord, tape measure and hydraulic level, shovel, axe, hacksaw, garden auger, hammer and nails. To install fence posts and install waterproofing, in addition to basic materials, you will need roofing felt, bitumen mastic, M400 concrete, crushed stone and river sand.

Marking the fence on the ground should begin with determining the installation points of the corner posts. These places must be marked with pegs driven into the ground. After this, you need to stretch and secure the nylon cord between them, and then mark the locations of the intermediate posts with pegs. Thanks to the cord, they will all be on the same line along the side of the perimeter of the site, and after installation the wooden fence will be smooth.

When the marking is completed, it is necessary to prepare the fence support posts for installation. At the request of the owner of the site, they can be made of rolled metal, timber or logs. When choosing the first option, plugs cut from a metal sheet must be welded to the top of all pipes. This will prevent moisture from precipitation from getting inside the racks and causing them to oxidize. The underground part of the supports should be covered with bitumen mastic, and the rest should be primed and painted with anti-corrosion enamel.

If you choose the option of wooden posts, it is recommended to first sharpen their tops. This will prevent rainwater from penetrating into the rack through its end. The moisture will simply roll down the support without penetrating its body. As for the thickness of the logs or beams for supports, you should choose something in between. Fence supports that are too thick will look ridiculous, and posts that are too thin will not have sufficient strength. Before installation, it is advisable to burn the pillars over a fire, and then bottom part, which will be underground, must be covered with bitumen and wrapped in two layers of roofing felt.

In the places marked with pegs, holes should be dug for supports. Their depth is directly related to the height of the planned fence. If the height of the above-ground part of the support is less than a meter, the hole can be made 0.8 m deep. Further, accordingly: for a support up to 1.5 m - 1 m, over 1.5 m - the depth of the hole is 1/2 of the column. The width of the hole should be such that between its edge and installed pole a distance of at least 0.2 m was maintained.

If the posts are metal, it is convenient to make holes for them using a garden drill. If you stick electrical tape on it, it will be possible to high accuracy control the depth of the recesses while working with this tool.

Installation of wooden fence supports

Before installing the support pillars, the bottom of the prepared holes must be covered with medium-fraction crushed stone. In this case, when the ground freezes in winter, the fence posts will be able to maintain their original position. It is recommended to cover the walls of the dug holes all around with roofing material, constructing a kind of formwork from it.

Installation of fence supports in holes should be done using a plumb line. After installation in a strictly vertical position, the racks must be temporarily secured with stops. If the height of the supports is less than one and a half meters, it is enough to fill the cavity of the holes with broken bricks, crushed stone and compact everything. If the height of the fence is over one and a half meters, the hole with installed supports should be filled with M400 concrete. In order to reduce its consumption, 2/3 of each hole can be filled with stones or broken bricks.

If you plan to install a combined fence with a plinth, the installation of its supports should be done differently. Instead of holes along the marking lines, you need to dig a meter-deep trench. Its bottom must be covered with crushed stone, its walls must be covered waterproofing film, and install outside wooden formwork, which should form a base and therefore rise 0.5 m above the top of the trench.

After this, support pillars and reinforcement cages can be installed in the trench. The bottom of the supports, which will be in concrete, must be treated with bitumen. Their installation should be carried out using a plumb line and building level. The vertical position of the racks must be fixed with stops made of bars.

When everything is ready, the formwork along with the trench must be filled with M400 concrete. If you prepare the mixture yourself, you will need a concrete mixer, as well as cement, sand and crushed stone in a ratio of 1:2:3.

After pouring, you need to wait until the concrete hardens. If the supports were installed in holes, this period will be a little more than a week. Hardening of the base will take almost a month. After the concrete has gained the required strength, you can line the racks with brick or stone.

Fastening purlins and other elements of a wooden fence

These fence parts are bars or slats with a small cross section, connecting the pillars and forming the frame of the span between them. When erecting a wooden fence, each purlin must be attached to the center of the support, and when installing the next span, the new purlin should be joined to an already fixed beam. The purlins can be nailed on top of the wooden support, or you can cut out a seat in it for a more durable fastening.

To make the fence structure strong, the transverse purlins can be nailed, placing them in a checkerboard pattern and excluding their joining on one support. The thickness of the purlin bars should be selected depending on the thickness and weight of the lumber. The more massive it is, the stronger the purlins should be.

Their location should be parallel to each other and perpendicular to the supports. Otherwise, the appearance of the fence may be spoiled. This will be especially noticeable when installing a picket fence with gaps. The installation of purlins should be constantly monitored using a tape measure and a building level.

If a horizontal arrangement of boards is planned in a wooden fence, then the purlins must be connected with vertical guides that will carry the load from the spans. It is recommended to fasten purlins to wooden supports using galvanized self-tapping screws. If nails are used, they should be driven into the wood not vertically, but slightly at an angle.

To install the picket fence in a vertical position, it is recommended to make a template that will facilitate the work of evenly fastening the boards. The template is a strip with a width corresponding to the distance between the picket strips. If you make it T-shaped, you can additionally control the height of the picket fence.

If the picket fence will be located diagonally in a wooden fence, you need to make a frame from planks in accordance with the size of the span. The frame should be secured to supports, and then a picket fence should be nailed to it.

When making wattle fence, the support posts have a small cross-section and are mounted in relation to each other at short distances of 40-60 cm. Before installing such a fence, the vine from which it is to be woven should be soaked in water for a couple of days. After this it will be easier to work with this material. Wattle with horizontal or vertical arrangement The vine branches are very beautiful and resemble a traditional village fence.

A picket fence can be fake or real. In the first case, it is a slab nailed to the purlins. Its boards must be placed closely. Much less often the palisade is real. To make it, pointed logs need to be dug into the ground. This type of fence is strong, but requires a lot of logs.

Caring for a wooden fence

Due to the fact that wood can gradually rot from constant exposure to moisture, a wooden fence requires periodic maintenance. It consists of treating boards and supports with antiseptic compounds and painting all wooden parts structures with waterproof enamels.

It is recommended to carry out such work every year, preferably in the spring. Before the next painting, old peeling enamel must be removed from the fence with a brush with metal bristles. If it is white, it will have to be painted up to three times a year. Only in this case will such a fence always look fresh.

How to make a wooden fence - watch the video:

Building a wooden fence with your own hands is absolutely not difficult. However, after its completion, such a design requires constant attention. Without it, it will become vulnerable, but with good maintenance it will please everyone for a long time appearance and protection from many misfortunes.

The territory of a private house or cottage is always transformed when decorative vegetation spreads out on it in green waves. Abundance of flowers, fruit trees, or neat beds with all your favorite vegetables, herbs and berries, are always pleasing to the eye. Using bio-soil, https://bio-grunt.ru/torf-kupit.html, it will not be difficult to grow and maintain all this in more variety and in the best condition. But it is also important to protect and preserve the site from uninvited guests and unwanted weeds. In this article we will look at how to make a fence with your own hands that will protect the fragrant, green diversity of your personal plot.

It is not surprising that for people who have the opportunity to buy land plot and it will not be difficult to build a residential building on it and fence it off. The only question is what material to use to do this?

Unlike cottages for several families, where taking care of this lies on the shoulders of the construction organization, in a private case, everything depends on the personal desire of the homeowner.

Enough high percent holders country dachas Today, corrugated sheeting is chosen as the most economical option. This is done quickly and does not require large financial costs. However, in the end, the appearance of such a structure creates some kind of barrier from outside world. Trying to avoid the factor of peculiar isolation and monotony, they prefer to install wooden fences.

Main functions and design solutions

Wood is a special material. Working with him gives rise to many design ideas. Sometimes it is very difficult to decide which design is most suitable. To make the task easier, you need to decide what functions should be performed.

Most often, the main ones are: determining the boundaries of the site; protection from the entry of strangers into the territory, as well as persons located within the personal territory; protection from noise and wind; restricting access to travel roads; creating a decorative background.

Design solutions are presented in three definitions external forms: solid closed, lattice type with gaps and combined (for example, paired with brick).

Selecting the type of fencing

An additional component is the choice of design option. If you don’t get carried away with listing all the types and focus on one specific one, then, perhaps, most often they prefer “classics”. Solid or with gaps, covered with edged boards.

Initial stage of construction

If at the same time there are concerns that you can accidentally seize part of someone else’s territory, then for insurance it is better to get a cadastral plan. You should definitely indicate on the diagram the height, size and location where the gate will be located.

You can apply symbols of all large structures, houses, outbuildings, and planting sites located on the site (garden, vegetable garden). This will help you visualize the future picture and possibly make some adjustments.

Selection of material

For corners support posts most often suitable profile pipe square section 60x60 mm. For the remaining racks, which are located between the corner ones at an equal distance from each other, a profile pipe with a cross section of 50x50 mm is suitable.

For “classics”, coniferous species such as spruce, cedar or pine are more suitable. Fine, strong wood is without a doubt better for protective purposes. Usually they are in the lead due to their protection from dampness and rotting. An additional advantage is their low price.

The main stages of fence construction

The actual construction itself includes three stages, which have already been mentioned above: installation of support pillars, fastening cross beams and frame sheathing.

Each of them contains a certain range of work. In general, the workflow involves the following actions:

• Wooden or metal pegs are hammered into the markings. Twine is stretched between them;
• Pre-dug holes 0.8 meters deep. At the bottom of each of them there is a sand bed 10-15 centimeters thick. Next, the profile pipe is installed and secured. The pit is filled with crushed stone to a height of twenty-five centimeters. Carry out thorough compaction. The supports are fixed and filled with concrete;
• Transverse joists are being installed. Fastening is done using metal corners (35x35). There are two corners for each support;
• They make either continuous cladding of the frame, or with alternating boards. The top can be either a straight line or with protrusions of the supports above the skin by 10-15 centimeters;
• Since the material is wood, it is necessary to treat it with fire-prevention agents;

For painting, it is best to purchase special paint compositions recommended for such surfaces and designed for any atmospheric influence(sun, rain, wind).

Coloring is considered economical option. Dark colors are always more popular. After all, this is an outdoor structure and is not immune to dust and dirt, and accordingly, light colors create the risk of having to repaint it again.

Advantages and disadvantages of a wooden fence

In the process of installing and operating such a fence, you can come to a logical conclusion about the main advantages and evaluate them no longer unfoundedly, but taking into account your direct participation in its construction.

The list of advantages includes the following components: environmental friendliness, diversity tree species, relatively low installation complexity, easy solution to the replacement problem.

In addition to the positive aspects, the design also has its disadvantages. These include the following: fire hazard (special treatment is required), susceptibility to rotting (can settle in the pores). small pests), short service life.

Photo of a wooden fence with your own hands