Japanese maple - growing and caring for the garden. Japanese maple: planting seedlings and care, growing from seeds

The decorative and bright fan maple was brought to central Russia from the Land of the Rising Sun. A plant with a beautiful crown has a row distinctive characteristics in comparison with the common Norway maple in our parks.

Fan maple in wildlife It is represented by shrubs and small trees with a height of 2–4 m. Gardeners fell in love with the crop for its umbrella-shaped crown formed by graceful branches that are covered with carved foliage resembling a fan. The bark is smooth, without cracks, colored grey colour. Green color With the arrival of autumn, the leaves change to yellow. During flowering, which occurs in the second half of spring, purple inflorescences bloom.

Among the most popular varieties are:

• Fan maple “Orange dreams” – spectacular variety, characterized by the color of openwork foliage, which changes from yellow-orange to a light green tone in the summer.
• “Garnett” - decorative representatives of the variety are characterized by large foliage, dissected into 5 - 9 segments. In spring the leaf blades are colored bright red color, which acquires a purple hue by autumn.
• Fan maple "Atropurpureum" is a spreading shrub or small tree with a beautiful crown of red color, which becomes even deeper over time.

Planting maple in open ground

To ornamental culture has taken root and pleased the eye with graceful shoots and a lush crown, it is necessary to carry out planting work correctly.

If a gardener decides to grow a spectacular representative of exotic flora, then when purchasing very expensive seedlings, you must consider the following recommendations:

• Place of purchase. Qualitative planting material should be purchased in specialized stores or nurseries.
• Root system. Seedlings with a closed bark system, which is located in a container with a “native” earthen ball, have the greatest survival rate.
• State. Before purchasing, the seedling is inspected for damage or disease.

For fan maple are selected sunny areas with availability free space, which should be enough for development lush crown tree or bush.

The plant prefers fertile soil, so it is recommended to pre-prepare the site and enrich the soil with nutrients.

Planting a maple with a closed root system can be carried out throughout the entire growing season according to the following scheme:

1. In the selected area is dug landing pit with dimensions corresponding to the root system of the seedling.
2. A drainage layer is placed at the bottom broken bricks, which will protect the roots of the fan maple from stagnant moisture.
3. A bucket of water is poured into the hole, after which it is absorbed, the seedling is lowered.
4. The planting material is filled with extracted soil mixed with peat.

Agrotechnics of cultivation and care

When cultivating fan maple in the garden, you should adhere to basic agrotechnical requirements.

• Watering. The plant loves well-moistened soil. In the absence of natural precipitation, it is recommended to water the maple every 3 days. During periods of drought, so that the leaves do not begin to dry out and fall off, the crown should be sprinkled.
• Loosening and mulching. IN spring period after warmer weather sets in, as well as in mid-autumn, it is necessary to mulch trunk circle to prevent too rapid evaporation of moisture and freezing of the roots in winter. It is recommended to periodically loosen the soil under the tree to ensure an appropriate level of soil looseness and air permeability.
• Feeding and fertilizer. To support fertile layer soil, it is recommended to apply fertilizers to the tree trunk every month during the spring-summer period. Fertilizers are used with a high content of phosphorus and potassium. An excess of nitrogen can cause a crop to lose its decorative properties. A representative of exotic flora responds well to organic fertilizers– compost, humus.

Pruning and crown formation

Fan maple perfectly forms a beautiful crown on its own. When the tree becomes large enough, it is recommended to cut off frozen, dry and inward-growing branches before sap flow begins. If necessary, the procedure can be carried out in the fall, after the plant is left without foliage.

Prevention of diseases and pests

On the fan maple there may be powdery mildew and black spotting, the development of which is associated with increased soil and air humidity.

To prevent the occurrence of diseases leading to loss of decorative qualities and weakened immunity, it is recommended:

• promptly remove fallen leaves in autumn;
• carry out thinning pruning;
• carry out preventive spring treatment culture with Bordeaux mixture.

If signs of disease have already appeared on the shoots, it is necessary to immediately treat the crown with a fungicide.

Among the pests that can attack maple are: mealybug, whitefly and leaf weevil. Harmful insects should be controlled using insecticidal preparations.

As a preventive measure, the above-described manipulations related to removing leaves and spraying with a tank mixture should be carried out.

Overwintering fan maple (Acer palmatum)

Fan maple, also known as palmate maple, belongs to heat-loving crops with low winter hardiness, which need to be protected from severe Russian frosts.

In order for the plant to successfully overwinter, you should perform simple measures, which include the following:

• Cover the trunk circle with a layer of mulch 15 cm thick.
• In areas with harsh winters, cover the trunk with spruce branches.

Plant propagation methods

Gardeners, as a rule, propagate fan maple using seeds in the following way:

1. Seed material is distributed over the loose substrate and lightly pressed into the soil mixture.
2. The container is covered with glass and moved to a bright, warm place.
3. The crops are ventilated daily.
4. When the seedlings form 2 pairs of true leaves, they are planted in individual pots.
5. On permanent place seedlings are planted when they reach a height of 30 cm.

In nurseries, propagation of varietal representatives by grafting is practiced. It is almost impossible to carry out such a procedure at home without experience and skill.

Application in landscape design

Fan maple is widely used in landscape design:

• With help exotic plants Contrasting alleys are formed.
• Trees and shrubs decorative look look great near a body of water.
• Using the culture, spectacular flower and shrub compositions are created both in front gardens and against the backdrop of a beautiful green lawn.

Thus, the fan maple, characterized by high decorative qualities, despite the high cost, it deserves special attention and at proper cultivation becomes the highlight of any garden.

Japanese red maple- This is a very beautiful, decorative, spectacular tree.

All summer and autumn these beautiful plants They delight the eye with their extraordinary beauty, and in winter you can enjoy the unusual structure of their crown.

It has many thin branches.

Description and varieties of red maple

To the reds Japanese maples relate: palmate, fan-shaped And Japanese maple, and many more varieties that were bred by breeders based on the above.

From the name of the tree you can understand that the birthplace of the Japanese maple is the Land of the Rising Sun. They differ from each other by carved leaves, which have purple or bright orange colors and shades, and another difference is the crown.

The size of the trees depends on their type; they are three meters wide and up to eight meters high. Palm maples can be taller, and fan maples are low-growing species. Red maple flowers are small, red or yellow-green in color, the color depends on the variety. After flowering, the flowers turn into lionfish seeds, these seeds are scattered over many kilometers and later new trees grow from them. These trees are very beautiful and will decorate any garden or park.

Types of trees:

In addition to the above varieties, there are many hybrid forms, which were bred in Japan. Here are some of them:

Japanese maple planting and care

Trees that grow in the wild prefer humus-rich soil that is slightly acidic. They also like places where there is partial shade and stable humidity.

Soil for planting a tree

A tree of this type will not grow in soil where there is a lot of alkali, and also does not like places where water stagnates and is not permeable to water. But the scorching rays of the sun and drying out of the soil have a very bad effect on appearance leaves. The species that suffer most from the scorching sun are those that have two-colored or edged leaves. These varieties should grow in partial shade.

Very good Japanese look develops in abundant, diffused light.

Trees will feel best in gardens and parks, where bright sun appears in the morning and evening, and where it will not appear during the day. This tree is not at all afraid of drafts.

It is important not to forget that Japanese maples are heat-loving trees, they are very afraid spring frosts, frosts damage their young leaves. For this reason, trees must be covered with garden fleece for the winter.

In areas where the climate is mild, maple branches need to be cleared of snow, as they can break under its weight. Fan maple suffers the most from snow.

During periods of drought, maples need to be watered often and a lot; the leaves need to be sprayed in the morning and evening. If this is not done, then the tree under the scorching sun and from lack of moisture will experience very great stress, this will be shown by its leaves and tips, which will dry out and then fall off.

If this happens, the tree must be watered frequently, sprayed regularly and stop feeding. This will help him recover and regain his previous appearance.

In spring and autumn, it is necessary to mulch the soil around the trunk; leaf humus, tree bark, garden compost and various wood chips are suitable for this. Mulching is very important for Japanese maple. It will protect the soil from drying out, and root system Fertilizer will also protect against freezing all year round.

Before mulching with compost or humus, it is necessary to add approval granules to the ground, and then sprinkle the top of the soil with colored wood chips. Spring feeding, which act slowly and will nourish the maple all year long. But feeding the tree with nitrogenous fertilizers is strictly prohibited.

If the soil in which the maple grows is poor minerals, then fertilizer should be applied twice a year; it should be mineral substances that act for a long time. In this case, you need to feed the tree in spring and summer.

Pruning is only necessary for mature and old, very dense trees that have lost their decorative properties. Such trees need pruning to make them look lighter and more transparent, especially since pruning also prevents fungal diseases. Pruning is carried out when the maple tree is in its dormant period - early spring or late autumn.

If behind the tree there is proper care, then it will delight you with its beauty for many years.

Mainly Japanese maple propagated by seeds. Seeds for propagation must be fresh, they must be collected immediately after ripening, most often this is done in October.

Seeds for propagation must be placed in a dry bag and placed in a cool place. In the spring, the seeds must be planted in containers, before which they must be treated with a product that stimulates growth.

Over the three summer months, the seedlings grow a little, but it is already possible to separate weak seedlings from strong ones. Weak seedlings must be removed, and strong ones must be placed in a cool place, but with a positive temperature. In the spring, strong seedlings need to be planted in pots, and when they reach thirty centimeters in height they need to be transplanted into open ground where they will grow continuously. If you decide to plant a maple in a tub, then do not forget that the soil in it should be rich in organic fertilizers.

You can also propagate Japanese maple by grafting cuttings onto a strong rootstock of the same species.

Japanese maple in the garden

In areas where a cold climate predominates, maples need to be grown in tubs so that they can be moved to a cool, but not frosty place for the winter.

Growing a tree in a tub has another advantage - it can be moved to the shade, sun or any other place, and this also makes it possible to protect the maple from heavy rain or hail.

In Japan, these trees are placed on stands; this is done so that their beauty is better visible, since the trees are short.

Japanese maple goes very well with other ornamental plants, namely: shrubs, other trees, various flowers and ornamental grasses. Japanese maple will decorate any garden, pond, stone garden, a park or just a place to relax.

Japanese maples will go very beautifully with such autumn flowers - asters, oaks and chrysanthemums. It will be especially incredibly beautiful in the fall, since maple leaves change their color at this time and become the most decorative.

Maples with short trees will also look good evergreen shrubs: decorative coniferous bushes, boxwood and juniper.

Having beautiful colour leaves in summer - from different shades green to yellow, brown or reddish. In autumn, these trees simply amaze with their magnificent outfits. Combination

decorative beautiful crown and indescribable color creates a magnificent sight.

Under common name"Japanese maple" hides two types of plants: Acer japonicum and Acer palmatum. Plants of the first type are small trees native to Japan. Have different type crowns, size and type of foliage. Foliage in summer has different colors, in the fall it is painted in numerous tones of yellow and red, some varieties have purple. These plants are very rarely found on sale here. The species Acer palmatum - maple or maple - has become more widespread in our country.

fan-shaped There are more than a thousand varieties of plants of this species. All of them are divided into subgroups according to height, crown shape and foliage. Plants of this species in adulthood can be either several tens of centimeters in height or 7-8 meters. They also differ in the type of crown. It can be weeping, prostrate, spherical, vertical, or umbrella-shaped. Leaves can have from five to eleven lobes. Many of the varieties have young leaves of a completely different color (pink, purple, beige, etc.), which gives the plant an even more decorative appearance.

Japanese maple will also deliver during flowering. It has bright flowers that appear before the leaves bloom. Ripe lionfish always hang under the leaves, sometimes they

have a slight edge.

The Japanese maple tolerates the conditions of our winters extremely poorly. They tried to acclimatize these plants back in the days, then the botanical gardens of the USSR and, finally, numerous gardeners dealt with this issue modern Russia. Unfortunately, this type recognized as unpromising for breeding in middle lane. You can buy a Japanese maple, but you will need to grow it in a pot and place it in a covered greenhouse or veranda, on a balcony, in any cool (but not

cold) room. There are quite a few varieties of Japanese maple that can be planted in a pot. Considering that the cost small plant comparable to the cost of a good bouquet of flowers, then you can easily afford such a luxury.

New dwarf variety Shaina reaches 1.5 meters in adulthood. It has a dense dissected crown, the leaves are carmine-red in autumn. This species will feel great in a container or flowerpot. Wilson's Pink Dwarf Maple's Unusual Foliage Has Spring Color pink flamingo, and in autumn - from red to light orange. This plant can grow up to 1.4 meters tall when mature and is great for growing in pots or containers.

There are many more such varieties of Japanese maple, they all have attractive appearance. If you are willing to give them a little attention, they will delight you with their unusual colors and decorative form With early spring until late autumn. And even without foliage, such a tree may well become the center of an interesting exhibition, the main thing is desire and a little imagination.

A brief description of.

Maple Japanese - deciduous tree 7-10 m tall, with an openwork crown, dark red annual shoots and almost round 7-11-lobed leaves. Blooms in June.

Spreading.

Japanese maple - very rare view, in Russia is known only from two localities in the south of Kunashir Island, South Kuril region, Sakhalin region. Found scattered along the stream. Border and in the district of the river. Dark, tending towards the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, warmer and sunny side islands (1, 2). The main part of its range is located in Japan (Hokkaido and Honshu islands), where the species occurs both in natural conditions and is widely cultivated (3).

Features of ecology and phytocenology.

Japanese maple grows in mixed forests on mountain slopes, often as single small trees.

Number.

The approximate population size is about a dozen individuals. State of local populations. The population is extremely small. Seed regeneration was not observed on Kunashir Island, however, in October 1999, one fruiting plant was discovered.

Limiting factors

A small number of individuals in a population. Lack of seed regeneration (4). Security measures taken. Was included in (1988). The species is listed in the Red Book of the Sakhalin Region. (2005). Protected in the Kurilsky Nature Reserve.

Necessary security measures.

Search for new locations of the species and counting the size of the island population. Monitoring the state of the species population. Cultivation possibilities. Cultivated in botanical gardens Russia: Moscow (GBS RAS, MGUDSHA), Samara, St. Petersburg (GLTA), Selivanovo (b). Due to its decorative properties (large purple flowers and beautiful foliage), it deserves wider introduction into green building (4), including in the south of the Russian Far East.

Information sources. Red book Russian Federation. 1. Alekseeva, 1983; 2. Data from N.A. Eremenko; 3. Nedoluzhko, 1987; 4. Kharkevich, 1988; 5. Barkalov, Eremenko, 2003; b. Plants of the Red Book..., 2005. Compiled by: V.Yu. Barkalov, N.A. Eremenko. Red Book of the Russian Federation (and mushrooms)

The Japanese maple differs from the Norway maple, which is common in European latitudes, in the unique color of its foliage. Shrubs or trees grow no higher than 10 m and are suitable for decoration garden plot. If planting conditions are met, the seedling will quickly take root and eventually produce seeds suitable for further propagation.

Planting behind a seedling

The tree attracts attention with its orange or red crown and grayish trunk bark. There are several varieties of the plant; seedlings are selected taking into account the size of your own plot.

Source: Depositphotos

Japanese maple has a distinctive foliage color

Buy young maple trees in a container. This way, the roots of the tree will not be damaged during planting, and the soil familiar to the plant will increase the chances of survival. Choose a seedling up to a year old, with healthy leaves and without obvious damage.

First of all, find a place on the site suitable for maple, without drafts and with good lighting. Presence nearby big trees undesirable.

Simple planting rules are as follows:

• Prepare a 30 cm hole in the soil.
• The tree does not like waterlogging, so form a drainage layer of screenings or small stones 5 cm thick.
• Moisten the soil, remove the seedling from the container and place it in the hole.
• Cover the top with soil containing peat.
• Water young tree, spray the leaves with water.

Maple is undemanding to soil composition; the main condition is the presence of humus. An alkaline environment is absolutely not suitable for plants. Further watering organized frequently, in small volumes.

Growing from seeds

Organize seed collection in the fall, when they begin to fall. Over the next 4 months, keep them in a cool place where the temperature does not exceed +5 °C, in a container with moistened sand.

Basic cultivation steps:

• At the end of April or beginning of May, place the seeds in hydrogen peroxide for 3 days to disinfect.
• Before planting, mix the soil with sand, peat and humus.
• The depth of maple seeds is over 3 cm. For planting, use containers 20 cm high and 15 cm in diameter.
• Over the next period of time, keep the soil moist.

The greenhouse effect will help speed up germination. You will be able to see the first shoots after 2 weeks. After the first leaves appear, transplant the plant into open ground. Maple grows slowly; caring for the plant includes 3 steps:

• timely watering;
• loosening the soil;
• weed removal.

If the planting and care conditions are met, by autumn the maple sprouts will reach a height of 20–35 cm. After 1–3 years, transplant the seedlings to a permanent place.

Beautiful plant with compassionate care attracts with bright foliage and unusual trunk. Periodic pruning of branches helps to form the crown of the desired shape.