Elizabeth II (eng. Elizabeth II), full name - Elizabeth Alexandra Mary (eng. Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; April 21, 1926, London, UK) - Queen of Great Britain from 1952 to the present. She ascended the throne on February 6, 1952 at the age of twenty-five, after the death of her father, King George VI. He is the longest reigning monarch in British history.

Elizabeth II comes from the Windsor dynasty.

She is the head of the British Commonwealth of Nations and, in addition to Great Britain, the queen of fifteen independent states: Australia, Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Jamaica. He is also head of the Anglican Church and Supreme Commander of the British Armed Forces.

Eldest daughter of Prince Albert, Duke of York (future King George VI, 1895-1952) and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (1900-2002). Her paternal grandparents were King George V (1865-1936) and Queen Mary, Princess of Teck (1867-1953); by mother - Claude George Bowes-Lyon, Earl of Strathmore (1855-1944) and Cecilia Nina Bowes-Lyon (1883-1938).

Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary was born in London's Mayfair at the residence of the Earl of Strathmore at Brewton Street, house number 17. Now the area has been rebuilt, and the house no longer exists, but a memorial plaque has been erected on this site. She got her name in honor of her mother (Elizabeth), grandmother (Maria) and great-grandmother (Alexandra).

At the same time, the father insisted that the first name of the daughter be like that of the duchess. At first they wanted to give the girl the name Victoria, but then they changed their minds. George V remarked: “Bertie discussed the name of the girl with me. He named three names: Elizabeth, Alexandra and Mary. The names are all good, I told him so, but about Victoria, I absolutely agree with him. It was redundant." The christening of Princess Elizabeth took place on May 25 in the chapel of Buckingham Palace, later destroyed during the war years.

is the current ruling royal family in Great Britain.

The House of Windsor was established on July 17, 1917 by King George V in order to rid the ruling dynasty of the former German name of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha during the First World War. The name "Windsor" refers to Windsor Castle - one of the main residences of the British monarch.

Monarchs of the Windsor dynasty.

King George VI in full dress.

since 1952: Elizabeth II.

Genealogy.

The Windsor dynasty is a British branch of the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha dynasty (and thus a branch of the House of Wettin), to which Queen Victoria's husband Prince Albert belonged (Victoria herself came from the Hanoverian dynasty).

The only king of Great Britain who belonged to the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha dynasty is officially considered Edward VII (reigned from 1901-1910).

From the point of view of traditional genealogy, in which kinship is considered through the male line, the Windsor dynasty should have ended with Elizabeth II.

Prince Charles and his descendants would have to belong to the Glücksburg branch of the House of Oldenburg, from which the husband of Elizabeth II Prince Philip comes (the Russian Emperor Peter III and all his descendants in the male line also belonged to this house). However, in view of the aforementioned 1952 proclamation, just as Russian tsars called themselves Romanovs, Charles and his descendants continue to be called Windsors.

The Oldenburgs are in Russia: the executed impostors: the "Romanovs", in Germany: the "Holstein-Gottorp", the Jews of Holstein, who in 1854 served the Prussian nobility together with the Jew Rothschild. Nikolaev Jewish soldiers of the old Red (Prussian) guard of Elston-Sumarokov.

The executed impostors of the Romanovs were not any "tsars" and even more so "Russians". They were Germans, bandits and ruffians. Just the same bandits as the Bolsheviks. For this they were shot. So, the reference to the executed impostors of the Romanovs (Jews of Holstein) is not appropriate, and for the Battenberg-Mountbattens it has shades of black humor. The Holstein-Gottorps ended badly in the Russia they captured.

George VI.

George VI (Eng. George VI, baptismal names Albert Frederick Arthur George; December 14, 1895, York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk, England - February 6, 1952, Sandringham) - King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Canada, Australia and South Africa since December 11, 1936. From the Windsor dynasty.

He ascended the throne after the abdication of his brother, Edward VIII. It went down in history primarily as a symbol of the struggle of Great Britain and the countries of the British Empire against Nazi Germany in World War II.

The reign of George is marked by the collapse of the British Empire and its transformation into the Commonwealth of Nations. He was the last emperor of India (from December 12, 1936 to August 15, 1947) and the last king of Ireland (until April 18, 1949). He bore the title of head of the Commonwealth of Nations (Eng. Head of the Commonwealth) from April 29, 1949.

That is, not the king. :(

On the father of Mary of Teck: Duke of Teck Farancisk - there is no data on the Internet. Although, it would seem: the oldest royal family. And some relatives are all either beggars, or impostors, or generally rootless people who could not be found for a hundred years. There is no data. This is strange.

Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina Elizabeth of Cambridge (Eng. Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina Elizabeth of Cambridge; November 27, 1833, Hanover - October 27, 1897, White Lodge, Richmond Park, London) - a member of the British royal family, granddaughter of George III. Daughter of Adolf Frederick, Duke of Cambridge and Augusta of Hesse-Kassel; wife of Francis, Duke of Teck and mother of Mary of Teck, Queen of Great Britain and Empress of India, wife of George V.

Mother-in-law is awesome! I like her! What you? Gorgeous!

Her paternal grandparents were King George V (1865-1936) and Queen Mary, Princess of Teck (1867-1953);

Queen Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon Queen Elizabeth (eng. Queen Elizabeth), the last Empress of India (1936-1950), Lord Keeper of the Five Harbors (1978-2002). Since 1952, she was known as Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, not to be confused with the queen's daughter.

Bowes-Lyon, Claude George.

Claude George Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne - British aristocrat father of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, The Queen Mother, grandfather of Queen Elizabeth II.

Lord Charles Cavendish-Bentinck

by Lafayette (Lafayette Ltd)

sepia-toned proof print, 1900s

National Portrait Gallery, London

Claude was born in Lounds Square in the London Borough of Belgravia, the eldest of eleven children of Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and his wife, Frances Dora Smith. One of his younger brothers, Patrick, was a tennis player and in 1887 won the Wimbledon doubles tournament.

After graduating from Eton College, Claude George was drafted into the 2nd Life Guards, where he served for six years until 1882. He was an active member of the Territorial Army and served as an honorary colonel in the 4th/5th Black Watch Battalion.

On the death of his father on February 16, 1904, he inherited the earldom and extensive estates in Scotland and England, including Glamis Castle. He was also appointed to the post of Lord Lieutenant of Angus, which he left in 1936 when his daughter Elizabeth became queen consort.

Claude George had a keen interest in forestry and was one of the first growers in the UK to grow larch from seed. On his estates, Bowes-Lyon had many small landowners and earned a brilliant reputation with his tenants. He was described by his contemporaries as an unassuming man who could often be seen wearing "an old mackintosh girded with a piece of fishing line". He worked on his lands and enjoyed manual labor on his estates. Visitors might mistake him for a simple worker.

Despite the earl's reserved attitude towards the royal family, in 1923 his youngest daughter married the second son of King George V, Prince Albert, Duke of York, and Lord Strathmore himself, to commemorate the marriage, was knighted in the Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order. Five years later, he was knighted in the Thistle.

In 1936, Edward VIII abdicated and his brother, Lord Strathmore's son-in-law, became king. As the father of the King's consort, Claude George was knighted in the Garter. Also, as a coronation award, in 1937 Bowes-Lyon was created Earl of Stutmore and Kinghorne in the Peerage of Great Britain, which allowed him to enter the House of Lords.

With age, Claude George began to rapidly lose his hearing. Lord Strathmore died of bronchitis on November 7, 1944 at the age of 89 at Glamis Castle.

Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorn "- the father of the grandfather of Elizabeth II, from whom money, land and the title came to Elizabeth's grandfather: information on the Internet - not available. And this is the monarchy family of the Second (Third) Reich - Prussia on the whole planet. Also very strange. The origin is obtained from the lower (democratic) strata of the population of Greater Germany 1871-1946.

Born in Lounds Square in the London Borough of Belgravia, Claude was the eldest of eleven children of Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne and his wife, Frances Dora Smith.

"Bose-Lyon, Francis" - information on the Internet is also missing . The origin of money, title and lands is not confirmed by the biographers of the English queen.

Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon was the youngest daughter and ninth of ten children of Claude George Bowes-Lyon (later 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne), and his wife Cecilia Nina Cavendish-Bentinck

Cecilia Nina Cavendish-Bentinck Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne , and grandmother and godmother of Queen Elizabeth II.

Cecilia was born September 11, 1862 in the London Borough of Belgravia and was the eldest of three daughters of Charles William Frederick Cavendish-Bentinck and his second wife Caroline Louise Barnaby.

On July 16, 1881, Cecilia married the Scottish nobleman Claude George Bowes-Lyon (1855-1944) in Petersham. On the death of his father on 16 February 1904, Cecilia's husband inherited the earldom and extensive estates in Scotland and England; Cecilia herself became Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne.

Information on Elizabeth's maternal grandmother is also missing. But we are talking about the parents of Elizabeth I: the mother of Elizabeth II and the wife of George VI.

Cecilia Nina Cavendish-Bentinck, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne - September 11, 1862, London - June 23, 1938, ibid) - mother of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the Queen Mother, and grandmother and godmother of Queen Elizabeth II.

But - the vaunted English aristocracy, lords, earls, rich people. Yes, and she was born in 1862, when photography in the United States was in full bloom. If photos of the parents of the English Queen Mother are not shown to anyone, then someone needs it. Simply put, they simply cannot be shown so as not to compromise the English royal family from the German occupiers of the Red Army of the Jewish Cossacks of Elston-Sumarokov.

The parents of the Queen Mother of England Elizabeth II are not for you to arrange a theatrical show with Queen Victoria, this is a close time where stubborn journalists and paparazzi can unearth a true biography and make a scandal in the press worse than Diana Spencer and Camilla Parker-Bowles with Mr. Tampex.

If Philip's genealogy ends at great-grandfathers, then Elizabeth's is generally at her grandparents. Here you will inevitably post photographs of Queen Victoria in order to inspire your subjects with the idea of ​​the great Hanoverian dynasty of good Germans of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, in Russia: Holstein-Gottorp. And all together: the Jews of Holstein, who in 1854 served the Prussian nobility together with the Jew Rothschild.

For this, such an information curtain was needed from the impostors of the Romanovs, proteges of Germany, who were shot in Russia: the Jews of Holstein, who in 1854 served themselves the Prussian nobility together with the Jew Rothschild, so that they would not climb to check the genealogy of Elizabeth and Philip Battenberg on the Mountbatten's mother?

While everyone will be busy thinking about the photoshop of the good Germans Romanovs, in Germany: Holstein-Gottorp, Mountbattens and Rothschilds will quietly manage the captured centralized mega-state Czartoryski-Conde Army: Rome, Russia, Byzantium - the Novgorod Republic, the Federative State on the whole planet 1352- 1921

Democracy is called. The power of the Jews of the Rothschilds, who in 1854 served themselves the Prussian nobility together with the Jew Holstein (Romanov), in the Novgorod Republic of Russia captured by the red (Jewish) army - Rome - Byzantium on the banks of the Neva.

The date is incorrect. It is necessary for 1352 years less: in the summer of 567 from the Creation of the World (Rome, Russia, Byzantium, the Novgorod Republic) St. Michael the Archangel on the Palace Square of St. Petersburg-Petrograd-Leningrad.

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The Royal House of Windsor - the current British Royal Family tree

The Royal House of Windsor was founded in 1917 by royal decree of the Queen's grandfather, King George V. The name was adopted as the new name of the British Royal Family, from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. This was mainly due to the anti-German feelings that were very palpable in Britain during the First World War. Windsor remains as the family name of the current British Royal Family.

The current head of the Windsor dynasty is Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, who ascended the throne in 1952 and was shown for the first time in the first televised coronation in 1953. She is married to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and they have four children, Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward.

Their son and heir, Prince Charles - Prince of Wales, has two sons from his marriage to Lady Diana Spencer who was killed in a car accident in 1997. Prince William is second in the line of succession, as is Prince Harry. When Prince Charles remarried in 2005, it was his longtime friend Camilla Parker-Bowles, but their union initially met with mixed reactions.

Prince William, Duke of Cambridge married Kate Middleton in April 2011 and they had a son, the third heir to the throne, George.

Duchess of Cambridge Catherine

Princess Anne - Princess Anne was married twice, her first husband was Captain Mark Phillips and they produced two children, they are Peter and Zara Phillips. She is now married to Vice Admiral Sir Timothy Lawrence.

Prince Andrew - Duke of York, married Sarah Ferguson, but they later divorced. They have two children: Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugenie.

The Prince Edward - Earl of Wessex married Sophie Rhys-Jones and they have two children, Lady Louise Windsor and James, Viscount Severn.

The Windsor Royal Family (family tree below) includes all major members of the royal family from George VI and now includes the expected arrival of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, was born July 22, 2013 at 4.24pm and weighed 8lb 6oz. On the 24th he was officially named George Alexander Louis and is the sixth generation of Windsor.

photo showing the prince with his grandson Prince George of Cambridge.

In the latest edition, the royal family now also has additions to the tree. Mia Gracia Tindall is the daughter of Zara Phillips and Michael Tindall James, born on January 17, 2014 at Gloucestershire Royal Infirmary.

It was announced for September 8, as the Duchess of Cambridge is expecting her second child. He or she will be fourth in line to the throne.

Please take a look at the Royal House of Windsor - family tree below - which now includes a new addition.

Royal family Windsor family tree

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British Royal Family: Everything You Wanted to Know

Short

1. Dozens of readers responded to the call of the BBC Russian Service to send questions about the British Royal Family.
2. Queen Elizabeth II has become the first British monarch to celebrate her 65th sapphire jubilee.
3. She succeeded to the British throne in 1952 after the death of her father, King George VI.
4. The Queen has eight grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.
5. BBC Russian Service journalists Yana Litvinova and Roza Kudabayeva answer questions.

Live Stream

This concludes the publication of your questions and our answers about the British Royal Family.

Some of your questions will be the starting point for additional investigation and new articles. Stay tuned for updates on the BBC Russian Service website.

Thank you all and see you soon!

In the 70s, the British monarch had to make 73 visits and visit 48 countries. This photograph is from 1972 of Queen Elizabeth II during her visit to France.Image caption: In the 1970s, the British monarch made 73 visits to 48 countries. This photograph is from 1972 of Queen Elizabeth II during her visit to France.

Dear Lyudmila, Buckingham Palace officials say, "All overseas travel by members of the royal family is in accordance with the recommendations of the British government."

Of course, a visit to a visit is different - it can be state, official or unofficial, the queen herself and her husband, heirs or other members of the royal family can go, but in any case, politics cannot be dispensed with, so each visit is carefully thought out and planned.

According to one former official, the government sees royal visits as a winning card that can be successfully traded for concessions in business or political deals. "They are a kind of foreign policy currency," said the former official.

In her 65 years on the throne - Elizabeth II recently celebrated the sapphire jubilee of her reign - she has made more than 120 official visits.

The 1970s were the busiest in this regard, when the British monarch had to make 73 visits and visit 48 countries.

Most often, the Queen visited Canada - 27 visits and Australia - 18 visits.

From the countries of the former Soviet Union, she visited Russia, where in October 1994 she was met by President Boris Yeltsin, as well as Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in October 2006.

As for other members of the royal family, they are, of course, more free to choose the direction of their trips.

The Queen's son Prince Andrew has repeatedly visited the countries of Central Asia and Azerbaijan, promoting the interests of British business, for which he was criticized by the British media.

When Prince Harry, along with his girlfriend Cressida Bonas, visited Kazakhstan privately in 2014 - skiing at the Chimbulak ski resort there - the British press also expressed their dissatisfaction, recalling human rights violations in this country.

So there is hope that Prince Harry can be told about the ski resorts in Georgia, and in the future he will be able to personally test the slopes of the Caucasus Mountains.

Princess Elizabeth (right) and her younger sister Princess Margaret were homeschooledImage caption: Princess Elizabeth (right) and her younger sister Princess Margaret were homeschooled

Lyudmila, the issue of raising children in the royal family largely depends, probably, on what generation we are talking about.

The British monarchy is based on tradition, but it remains in demand largely due to the ability to constantly update and keep up with the times.

Take, for example, Queen Victoria. She was, by modern standards, a super mother of many children (she had 9 children - 4 boys and 5 girls). They were brought up mainly by nannies, governesses and teachers, and the queen, who had many other things to do, communicated with her children for about an hour a day. And at this time it would hardly have occurred to them to be naughty.

However, we must not forget that in the Victorian era, corporal punishment of children was common, and the children of Queen Victoria were no exception. Prince Albert could personally hit the children on the fingers during music lessons if they suddenly pressed the wrong key. And in this family, the more strict parent was, without a doubt, the father, who organized a very rich educational program for his children.

As for the parents of Princess Elizabeth, they were completely different people. They didn't want to bother their two daughters with many lessons, so the princesses were homeschooled. Classes for the eldest princess lasted an hour and a half - from 9.30 to 11 am, the rest of the time the girls played in the fresh air, danced and sang.

When Elizabeth became heir to the throne, a new subject was added to her lessons - the history of the constitution, which was taught by Vice-Rector of Eton Henry Marten.

Apparently, the childhood of the future queen was happy, and, as many biographers note, relatively normal (if you ignore the fact that when she was born, the Minister of the Interior was in the next room. It can be assumed that in case the royal baby was not at the last moment changed).

For example, before going to bed, little Princess Elizabeth would put all her toys in order, lining up her toy ponies in a row and removing their saddles. So, one must think, there were no special reasons for punishing her parents. And Margaret - her father's favorite - both in childhood and in the years of her youth, got away with a lot.

The queen treated her own children - Princess Anne, Princes Charles, Andrew and Edward with no less love than her parents for her, although evil tongues sometimes claimed that she was more concerned about the condition of her horses and dogs.

Prince Charles complained in one of his autobiographies that she was a "cold" mother and that the nannies, rather than the "emotionally reserved" parents, "played with him, witnessed his first steps, punished and rewarded him, helped him express his first thoughts." ".

The sense of duty that guided Elizabeth II in almost everything left her perhaps not much time to communicate with children, but people who know her closely speak of the great patience she showed in dealing with children, especially when they matured and clashed. with a variety of personal problems.

Elizabeth II had to go through difficult times when, in one year, two of her children announced that they were temporarily not living with their spouses, and the third announced a divorce.

It is also alleged that in relations with her grandchildren, she has become less strict and is not afraid to show her feelings.

The queen's restraint began to be blamed on her, comparing her with the emotional Princess Diana, who could hug and caress her sons, and sometimes slap them. And sometimes it was for what - Prince William, for example, in kindergarten was called "Billy the bully", and at home with the light hand of Princess Diana - "Your royal disobedience."

But William's nanny was in no case allowed to spank him or raise his voice at him when he indulged.

So, at the wedding of his uncle Prince Andrew in 1986, four-year-old William did not behave decorously, as expected, but - scary to think - showed his tongue to his cousin Laura Fellows, spun during the ceremony and left Westminster Abbey in a completely inappropriate form for a prince: his headdress - a straw hat - completely strayed to one side.

But seriously speaking, the tumultuous ups and downs in the marriage of Prince Charles and Princess Diana, and then her death in a car accident in Paris, had a rather serious impact on Princes William and Henry.

As one of the British newspapers wrote at one time, the little princes grew up in the atmosphere of a “War of the Scarlet and White Roses” between their parents, who used the Mail and Mirror tabloids as bows and arrows.

Therefore, the British are happy to see how the life of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, who became the parents of two charming kids, develops quite normally.

Fortunately, in conversations about a young family where the heir to the British crown is growing up - little Prince George and his sister Princess Charlotte, positive moments prevail.

Newspapers wrote that the babysitter was strictly forbidden to spank them. The main attention is paid to the education of the word.

Prince William with cousin Laura FellowsImage caption: Prince William with his cousin Laura Fellows

1. The Queen's personal property does not include the Crown Jewels.Image caption: The Queen's personal property does not include the Crown Jewels

   You know, Vladimir, if you call "factories, newspapers, steamships" a business, then no.

   But the royal family does not live solely at the expense of the state either. Please note that they are all .

   Or rather, just the rich. At the same time, we are talking about the so-called "old money" that has accumulated over the centuries (we do not know exactly how they acquired their fortune in the deep Middle Ages, but you can guess), so the royal family does not need to spend money on jewelry, paintings, palaces and villas: they have it all for so long.

   The state pays the Queen and the Prince of Wales to carry out their royal duties, and the Queen pays taxes to the treasury on the income she receives from her personal estates.

   According to Buckingham Palace, in the 2014/2015 financial year, each Briton spent 56 pence (70 cents) on the maintenance of the monarchy.

   35.7 million pounds was allocated from the budget for the maintenance of the royal court. For comparison, (it cost everyone living in Britain 1841 pounds).

   And to the question whether the monarchy is worth the money or not, everyone answers in accordance with their ideology. So far there are far more Royalists in Britain than Republicans.

   The queen prefers spirits to winesImage caption: The queen prefers spirits to wine

   The Queen loves movies. Immediately after the wedding, Prince Philip gave her a movie projector.

   Her Majesty's tastes are very traditional. She loves classics, romantic films, pictures about the war. Avant-garde cinema is not particularly interested.

   The queen's favorite color is also a secret with seven seals. For the same reason as her favorite dish, the queen is in no hurry to share her passions with the whole world.

   After all, then she would be given flowers of the same color and so on. But we know what color she does not like - beige.

   Once she said to one of the employees of her staff: "I can not wear beige clothes, because then no one will understand who I am." Of course, the queen exaggerated - it would not be difficult to recognize her. At least we assume so.

   Why are the Queen's outfits very often in pretty bright colors?

   It turns out that not because she especially likes them, but because in such outfits it is very easy to notice her, especially if a large crowd has gathered around her.

   That is, she wants those who wanted to see her to be able to do this, even from afar.

   As for dessert - again, nothing super complicated. Apple pie, berries, traditional chocolate cake.

   According to Daily Mail journalist Robert Hardman, Buckingham Palace has a very talented chef in charge of desserts. This is taken very seriously at court.

   The season is hard to say, the journalist continues, but most likely it is the end of summer when she leaves for Scotland.

   How does the Queen deal with stress and bad mood? The Queen is a man of the old school, and in public she prefers to keep her emotions to herself.

   It is well known that the Queen does not like wine, preferring strong drinks to them.

   Her favorite cocktail, which she traditionally drinks at dinner, is 1/3 gin and 2/3 Dubonnet French aperitif. Try it, maybe it will help you in difficult moments of your life.

   The Queen's outfits are often brightly colored.Image caption: The Queen's outfits are often brightly colored

2. Dominic, don't be surprised. There is no constitution in Britain, because "everyone, on whom at least something depends, already knows the rules of the game."

   Knowing the British, one can assume that nothing will change until the thunder breaks out.

   Theoretically, the queen has every right to dissolve parliament in Britain, as well as in Canada and Australia. And in Britain, by the way, she does just that, but only after the outgoing prime minister officially asks her about it.

   By the way, about Australia: in 1975, the Governor-General of Australia, Sir John Robert Kerr, dissolved the Australian Parliament, because the country was in a real constitutional crisis, and parliamentarians could not pass a new financial law.

   Since the Governor General is the official representative of the Queen, she can, yes, dissolve the Australian Parliament, and has already done so once.

   This is not known to anyone. And for a fairly simple reason, as Daily Mail journalist Robert Hardman told the BBC Russian Service, who once asked the chef of Buckingham Palace this question.

   "If everyone knew which dish she likes the most, then this dish would always be prepared at receptions in her honor," said the chef.

   According to Robert Hardman, it is known that she does not like it. She doesn't like spaghetti, for example, and spicy foods.

   She has rather simple tastes, because she grew up in the harsh years of the war.

   And she likes to eat all her own, so to speak. For example, vegetables from your garden. That is nothing exotic.

   We assume that she has enough exotics in this sense - after all, during receptions and visits, she is served dishes prepared by the best chefs in the world. But this is a topic for another conversation.

   Spaghetti and spicy dishes are exactly what Queen Elizabeth doesn't likeImage caption: Spaghetti and spicy dishes are something Queen Elizabeth definitely doesn't like

3. Little Prince George calls his great-grandmother Elizabeth II "Gan-Gan"Image caption: Little Prince George calls his great-grandmother Elizabeth II "Gan-Gan"

   Leonid, this largely depends on who is addressing Her Majesty.

   Grandchildren can call her Granny (grandmother), and great-grandson George, who has not yet learned to speak plainly, calls her "Gan-Gan" / Gan-Gan (that is, his own version of the word "great-grandmother" or Great-Grandmother). This was recently told by the Duchess of Cambridge, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the British monarch.

   However, even Elizabeth II's own son, Prince Charles, at the first meeting calls her "Your Majesty", and after that Mommy, that is, "mommy."

   The queen's husband calls her, according to a number of sources, Lilibet. That was what little Elizabeth called herself when she couldn't really pronounce her own name.

   This is how the queen signed a congratulatory telegram to her mother when she turned 100 years old. According to tradition, every resident of Britain who is 100 years old receives congratulations from the monarch.

   In the movie "Queen", where the role of Elizabeth II was superbly performed by Helen Mirren, her husband jokingly calls her Cabbage, that is, "Cabbage".

   But knowledgeable people say that this has nothing to do with the truth.

   Balmoral Castle in Aberdeenshire is the personal property of the QueenImage caption: Balmoral Castle in Aberdeenshire is the personal property of the Queen

   Marina, good day!

   This post implies a salary of about 40 thousand pounds, but William announced that he would give all this money to charity.

   Now William has completely left his military career and devoted himself to royal duties.

   By virtue of his position, Prince William is a Companion of the Order of the Garter and the Order of the Thistle.

   Now about Prince Harry, who nevertheless managed to serve in the army, especially since a military career has always attracted him too.

   He also graduated from the military academy at Sandhurst and, like his older brother, came out of there as "Lieutenant Wales", after which he joined the same cavalry regiment as his brother.

   For some time we did not know anything about his military career, but on February 28, 2008, the Ministry of Defense confirmed that the prince served in the Afghan province of Helmand, along with other soldiers of the British army.

   Prince Harry has been to Afghanistan twice, the second time as a military helicopter pilot.

   After security concerns forced the command to recall the prince from the active army, he returned to Britain, where he organized special sports competitions for military personnel who were injured during the hostilities.

   Late in his military career, he took part in the Australian Armed Forces' anti-terror exercises.

   He is a holder of the Victorian Order and was awarded a medal for his participation in the hostilities in Afghanistan.

   Just like his brotherImage caption: Just like his brother

4. Prince George can only fly with his dad on the same plane until he is 12 years old. During a visit to CanadaImage caption: Prince George can only fly with his dad on the same plane until the age of 12. During a visit to Canada

   Denis, yes, it is believed that two heirs to the throne cannot fly in the same plane at the same time.

   On the other hand, it is also true that situations where four (!) Direct heirs to the throne and the monarch - the Queen, Prince Charles, Prince William, Prince George, Princess Charlotte - were in good health at the same time - it seems, did not happen in British history at all never.

   However, the following cannot be on the same plane at the same time: The Queen and Prince Charles, The Queen and Prince William, Prince Charles and Prince William. Prince William can only be on the same plane as Prince George until the day he turns 12.

   I emphasize: this applies ONLY to air travel.

   An exception, however, was made in 2002 when Princes Charles, William and Harry were on the same plane, cutting short their skiing holidays due to the death of the Queen Mother. Otherwise, either William would have had to fly alone, or Charles, who was heartbroken after the death of his beloved grandmother.

   It is known that Elizabeth II prefers to drink Earl Gray or English Breakfast tea with milk and without sugar.Image caption: Queen Elizabeth II is known to prefer Earl Gray or English Breakfast tea with milk and no sugar.

   She gets up early, around 7:30 am.

   At this time, tea is brought to her on a tray in a porcelain cup and saucer, milk and Mary's biscuits.

   The Queen, by the way, never drinks tea with sugar. As for the types of tea, opinions differ: some say that she prefers Earl Grey, others - English Breakfast.

   According to some reports, the Mary cookies were first baked in 1874 by the baker Peak Frians in honor of the wedding of the Duke of Edinburgh and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna.

   An hour later, at 8.30, the Queen and her husband the Duke of Edinburgh have breakfast together in the dining room, which offers a beautiful view of the gardens of Buckingham Palace.

   Corn flakes, yogurt and maple syrup are served on the table. Her Majesty loves marmalade toast, which she sometimes treats to her corgis.

   During breakfast, the queen has time to look through the morning newspapers, the preference is given to the Daily Telegraph and the Racing Post.

   And now, Victor, to the second part of your question. Now there are about 800 companies that have the right to deliver their goods to the royal court (Royal warrants of appointment). They have their own association.

   The website of this organization says that any companies or individual entrepreneurs whose products have been used by members of the royal family for five years can become suppliers of the court in the UK, and we are talking only about the queen herself, her wife the Duke of Edinburgh and the Prince of Wales.

   In other words, you can get a Royal warrant by supplying goods and services of the highest quality: from jam to cars.

   Moreover, the royal court does not receive any financial concessions from this, everything is purchased at commercial prices. But companies that have received a Royal warrant, that is, royal permission, have the right to place the coats of arms of these royal persons on their products.

   The site of the Royal Court Suppliers Association says that if you want to be in their ranks, then applications can be submitted from the beginning of May to the end of June by filling out the appropriate forms.

   Each application is considered by a special committee of the royal court, which then submits its recommendations to the Queen, the Duke of Edinburgh and the Prince of Wales.

   Both British and foreign companies can become a supplier.

   Vladimir, you probably already know that the first, where little Elizabeth raises her hand in a Nazi salute, was reported by the British Sun newspaper in July 2015.

   How this old recording fell into the hands of journalists is not known.

   These black and white shots last only 17 seconds. They show little Elizabeth, then seven years old, playing with a dog on the lawn at Balmoral Castle.

   Next to her is the Queen Mother, Elizabeth's uncle Prince Edward - the future King Edward VIII and little Margaret, her younger sister.

   At one point, the Queen Mother raises her hand in a Nazi salute; Elizabeth, looking at her mother, repeats her gesture. It can be seen that Prince Edward does the same.

   It is assumed that the footage was taken in 1933 or 1934, when the Fuhrer was becoming a prominent figure in Germany, but the circumstances in which the shooting was made are not clear.

   The queen herself, as usual, did not comment on the publication of the Sun. She never does.

   However, Buckingham Palace: "It's sad that a film made 80 years ago ... fell into someone's hands and someone took advantage of it."

   A source at the palace said that most of those who saw the footage would understand that it needs to be viewed in a historical context. It's a family scene, a moment in the game where a gesture that often appeared on screens at the time was reenacted - perhaps even as a joke.

   "No one at that time foresaw the events that followed. Giving these frames some other meaning would be a distortion of the truth," the source said.

   Buckingham Palace in 2015, when the photo was published, expressed disappointment that the newspaper "received and exploited" an 80-year-old footage.Image caption: At Buckingham Palace in 2015, when the photo was published, they were disappointed that the newspaper had "received and exploited" the 80-year-old footage.

5. The Queen with her son and heir Prince CharlesImage caption: The Queen with her son and heir Prince Charles

   No, he can not. According to the laws of succession, adopted back in the 16th and 17th centuries, there are strict rules.

   For example, now the line of succession is built as follows: the first in line is the Prince of Wales Charles, then his eldest son, the Duke of Cambridge William, then his son Prince George, followed by his sister Princess Charlotte, and only after that comes the second son of Charles, Prince Harry .

   The only changes that have been included in the succession law are that any eldest child can now inherit the throne, regardless of gender.

   Had Princess Charlotte been born before her brother, she would have been the heiress.

   The queen, of course, theoretically can abdicate, but cannot choose an heir.

   Prince Harry with brother Prince WilliamImage caption: Prince Harry with his brother Prince William

   Dear Andrey, they are, of course, relatives on both sides.

   Don't forget that World War I was called the "Cousins' War".

   If you seriously study their genealogical forest, then your head is spinning.

   In short, something like this: Kaiser Wilhelm and George V were cousins. Georg and Nikolai are also cousins, and Wilhelm and Nikolai are second cousins.

   Wilhelm's mother was the eldest daughter of Victoria and the sister of father George V. This is what is on the line of Victoria, but there was also a second line of kinship: Alexandra and Dagmar were sisters and daughters of the Danish king Christian. Alexandra became the wife of Victoria's heir, Edward, and Dagmar married Nicholas II's father, Alexander III.

   Therefore, Prince Harry, of course, is related to Nicholas II, but honestly, I simply can’t imagine how to call him correctly.

   Maybe: "Fourth cousin great-nephew on the female side"?

   David, thanks, very interesting question. Hemophilia in general is an extremely curious disease, because women carry the defective gene, and men suffer from it.

   Hemophilia is a hereditary disease, but sometimes unexplained mutations occur.

   Modern scholars believe that Queen Victoria was just such a case. However, she was lucky, and her heir to the British throne, the Prince of Wales, did not suffer from hemophilia. So the British monarchy almost completely avoided this disaster.

   I say "practically" because, although the heir to the throne was spared this trouble, two daughters of Victoria, Alice and Beatrice, turned out to be carriers of the hemophilia gene, and his son Leopold suffered from it and died very young.

   It is believed that the last carrier of the hemophilia gene inherited from Queen Victoria died in 1940, so this attack no longer threatens the modern monarchies of Europe.

   Queen Victoria was a carrier of hemophiliaImage caption: Queen Victoria was a carrier of hemophilia

6. Anastasia, great privileges come with great responsibilities.

   Of course, they have holidays at Christmas and in the summer, but in general they - and especially the queen - do what they have to, regardless of the day of the week or time of day.

   "Her Majesty is the most hardworking and obliging monarch in 1000 years."

7. Pearl necklace - favorite jewelry of Elizabeth IIImage caption: A pearl necklace was a favorite piece of jewelry for Queen Elizabeth II

   Elena Vladimirovna, you quite rightly noted that Queen Elizabeth II clearly prefers this piece of jewelry - a three-strand pearl necklace.

   It was a gift from her grandfather George V. True, the reason for this was his own anniversary - 25 years from the date of ascension to the throne.

   The monarch gave nine-year-old Elizabeth a three-strand necklace, and five-year-old Margaret a two-strand necklace.

   There are two more magnificent pearl necklaces in the Queen's collection - Queen Anne (XVIII century) and Queen Caroline - from 50 pearls. Both were given to her by her father, King George VI.

   Another favorite piece of jewelry for the British Queen is pearl earrings, given to her by her grandmother, Queen Mary in 1947.

   They go with any outfit, from the simple tweed skirt in a 1965 photograph with the little Prince Edward to the pompous attire on Edward's wedding day by Sophie Rhys-Jones 34 years later.

   As for the rings, the queen does not like them. Pay attention - in almost all the photographs, Her Majesty flaunts in gloves. They say that from a young age, Elizabeth II believed that her hands were not very beautifully shaped, so she did not like to draw attention to them.

   It should be added that when Elizabeth II ascended the throne, she inherited the royal collection of jewelry, which is passed from monarch to monarch.

   They should not be confused with the British Crown Jewels displayed in the Tower of London.

   Jewels from this unique collection adorn the Queen when she participates in various important ceremonies, such as the official opening of Parliament.

   Queen Elizabeth at the wedding of Prince Edward and Sophie Rhys-Jones (note - favorite earrings and necklace).Image caption: Queen Elizabeth at the wedding of Prince Edward and Sophie Rhys-Jones (note her favorite earrings and necklace)

Today the government of the United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. However, Elizabeth II continues to be considered one of the most respected and influential people on the planet. The reverence shown to her by the people of her country extends to members of her family, the House of Windsor.

Despite the fact that in England there is no strict definition (neither legal nor formal) of the members of the monarch's family, nevertheless, as a rule, the following persons are considered to be: the monarch himself (king and queen), the queen's spouse (if he is not a king ), children of the monarch and their spouses, children of the sons of the monarch (i.e. grandchildren in the male line) and their wives (husbands). The King and Queen of Great Britain bear the title of Her (His) Royal Majesty, and the rest of the family - Their Royal Highnesses. They are considered princes and princesses. In the old days, each of the members of the monarchical family represented the king (queen) throughout the country, holding responsible government posts. The transition to a constitutional monarchy has changed a lot in the kingdom of Great Britain: the royal family has lost many of its powers, and today its members perform only social and ceremonial functions both within the kingdom and abroad. The same applies to the role of the queen in the affairs of the state. The country is governed by a cabinet of ministers, which is responsible to parliament. However, she has and can, at her own discretion, dissolve parliament and call new elections, etc.

All members of the British Royal Family

So, first on the list, of course, are Queen Elizabeth II and her husband, the Prince Consort. Then follow the heir to the British throne, the eldest son of the queen, and his wife (second) - Camilla Parker-Bowles - Duchess of Cornwall. Next on the list are the newly-made parents - the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge - Prince William (the eldest grandson of the Queen) and Princess Catherine (nee Middleton), and, of course, their son - the great-grandson of Elizabeth II - Prince John of Cambridge - the youngest member of the royal family . Next on the list is the second son of Prince Charles and his first wife, Prince Henry of Wales, better known around the world as Prince Harry. He is followed by his uncle (the second son of the Queen) Prince Andrew of York and his daughters, Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie, then the family of the third son of Elizabeth II, Earl of Wessex (his wife Sophia, son Viscount James Severen, daughter Louise Windsor), and the only daughter of the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh - Anna - Princess of the Kingdom of Great Britain. The royal family is not limited to so many royals. Next on the list are cousins ​​of Elizabeth II, etc.

The Windsor dynasty is a British branch of the Goth dynasty of Saxe-Coburg, hence also the House of Wettin, from which Prince Albert, the husband of Queen Victoria (Hanover), descends. However, during the First World War, when England was in hostile relations with Germany, King George the Fifth abandoned the Saxon and other German titles, renaming the former dynasty the House of Windsor. The monarchs of this dynasty were who ruled from 1910 to 1936, Edward the Eighth, who was immediately replaced on the throne by George the Sixth - the father of the current queen, who ruled the kingdom for 16 years, well, and Elizabeth II, the now living Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The royal family, despite minor scandals that arise from time to time, nevertheless enjoys great love and respect in the country. Any event that concerns them, both joyful and sad, the people accept as their own. In this country, one of the most beloved holidays is the birthday of the beloved queen.