Military service for how many years. What is the current term of service in the army, what was it before. Terms of spring and autumn conscription into the army

Legal regulation in the field of military duty and military service in Russia is carried out in accordance with the Federal Law of March 28, 1998 N 53-FZ "On military duty and military service" (hereinafter referred to as the Law).

Military service is carried out both by citizens of the Russian Federation - by conscription and on a voluntary basis under a contract, and by foreign citizens - under a contract in military positions to be replaced by soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops and military formations.

The procedure for performing military service is determined by the Law, other federal laws, the Regulation on the procedure for performing military service (hereinafter referred to as the Regulation) and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

The term of military service is established by Art. 38 of the Law - separately for conscription and contract service. Thus, for those who were called up for military service after January 1, 2008, the term of service is 12 months. The "contract worker" serves as long as the contract is concluded with him.

Length of military service under contract

The first contract for military service is:

1. with a conscripted serviceman or another citizen entering military service for a position for which the state provides for the military rank (hereinafter referred to as the rank) of a soldier, sailor, sergeant, foreman - for three years;
2. with a foreign citizen entering military service for a position for which the state provides for the rank of soldier, sailor, sergeant, foreman - for five years;
3. with a conscripted military serviceman or another citizen entering the military service for which the state provides for the rank of warrant officer, midshipman or officer (with the exception of the categories of citizens specified in paragraph 5) - for five years;
4. with a serviceman studying at a military educational institution under the program:

• higher professional education - for the period of study and five years of military service after its completion;
• secondary vocational education - for the duration of training and three years of military service after its completion;

1. with a citizen who has undergone military training at a military training center at a federal state educational institution of higher professional education and enters military service immediately after graduation from the said institution for a position for which the state provides for the military rank of officer - for three years or five years.

With a conscripted military serviceman, the first contract may be concluded for a shorter period. This is possible if the total duration of his military service on conscription and on the first contract is three years or five years. In addition, if a conscript wants to enter military service under a contract during a period of emergency or to participate in the maintenance or restoration of international peace, a contract with him can be concluded no earlier than a month before the expiration of the term of military service and for a period of six months up to a year.

A serviceman (citizen) who is doing military service under a contract and wishes to continue serving can conclude a new contract for three years, five or ten years, as well as for an indefinite period in accordance with paragraph 5 of Art. 38 of the Law and paragraph 5 of Art. 9 Regulations. The specified norms provide for the conclusion of a contract for a different period - for example, before the age limit for military service.

How are the terms of military service calculated?

The term of military service is calculated from the beginning of military service, which, in accordance with paragraph 10 of Art. 38 of the Law is considered:

• for citizens who are not in the reserve, who are called up for military service, the day when the military rank of private is awarded;
• for citizens (foreign citizens) who entered military service under a contract - the day the contract comes into force;
• for citizens who have not completed military service or who have completed military service earlier and entered military educational institutions of vocational education, the date of enrollment in these educational institutions.

In accordance with paragraph 3 of Art. 3 provisions military service expires:

• for military personnel undergoing military service by conscription - on the corresponding date of the last month of the term of service;
• for military personnel undergoing military service under a contract - on the corresponding month and day of the last year of the contract term or on the corresponding day of the last month of the contract term, if the contract was concluded for a period of up to one year.

End of military service

The end of military service is the day a serviceman is excluded from the lists of personnel of a military unit in connection with dismissal from military service, death (death), recognition as missing or declared dead.

A serviceman must be excluded from the lists of personnel of a military unit on the day of the expiration of his military service. This rule does not apply to cases where a soldier:

• is in hospital;
• is on maternity or parental leave (this item applies only to women);
• performs military service by conscription and, if desired, remains in the military unit until the day of dispatch of the vehicle that transports military personnel to be transferred to the reserve;
• participates in the campaigns of ships;
• is in captivity, in the position of a hostage or internee;
• missing (until he is declared missing or declared dead);
• is suspected or accused of committing a crime and measures of restraint have been chosen in respect of him in the form of detention (guardroom) or observation by the command of a military unit.

Time that does not count towards military service

The period of military service does not include the time when a serviceman:

• resides in a disciplinary military unit;
• convicted and serving an arrest;
• is serving a disciplinary sanction in the form of arrest;
• arbitrarily left a military unit or place of military service for a period of more than 10 days (regardless of the reasons).

The time spent in a disciplinary military unit may be included in the period of military service, provided that the serviceman has served impeccably. Such a decision regarding a serviceman released from a disciplinary military unit may be made by the commander of the troops of the military district or a commander (chief) equal to or higher than him. At the same time, the procedure determined by the heads of the federal executive bodies that provide for military service must be observed.

The total duration of military service includes all the time of service both on conscription and under contract, including in cases of re-entry into military service. It is determined in calendar terms.

In cases established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the total duration of military service is determined on a preferential basis. For example, one month of service is counted as three.

For conscripted military personnel, one day of participation in hostilities or performance of tasks in armed conflicts, as well as one day of stay in medical institutions due to injuries, contusions, injuries or diseases received during participation in these actions or conflicts, is counted for two days of military service on conscription.

The abbreviations "other troops" and "military formations" are given in the article in accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 2 Laws.

The regulation "On the procedure for performing military service" was approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 16, 1999 N 1237 "Issues of military service."

The age limit for military service is set by Art. 49 of the Law. Age limits vary by military rank. There is a separate age limit for women.

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Military duty is the duty of every adult male. However, the question of how many serve in the army remains open. When it was 2007, the conscripts were obliged to defend the Motherland for 2 years. The year 2008 was marked by the issuance of a presidential decree that shortened the term of service in the ranks of the Russian armed forces. The period began to be 1 year. Today, rumors began to appear about the possibility of re-amending the current legislation and extending the period of being in the army. To understand whether this statement has any basis and how long the service in the army lasts, you need to carefully analyze the available information. About how much to serve in the Russian army, read on.

Military service in 2019: latest news

Rumors have long been circulating in the media about a possible increase in the term of stay in the Armed Forces to 18 months. To understand how many people serve in the army, it is necessary to refer to the current legislation. There have been no official announcements that changes will be made to Federal Law No. 53-FZ. As of today, the deadline fixed by the normative legal act has not changed. Young people recovering from the call to defend the country will have to serve in the army for 12 months. You will not have to repay the debt to the state within 5 years.

In 2011, the armed forces began to undergo modernization. In the near future, the Russian army will predominantly consist of men whose choice is contract service. However, young people who ended up in the ranks of the Armed Forces by compulsory conscription will also remain in the Russian armed forces.

As the President of the Russian Federation stated, the term of service in the army will not be increased for the time being. In the coming years, it is planned to achieve a ratio of conscripts to contract soldiers of 20% to 80%, respectively. The gap in the future is planned to increase even more and bring it to the level of 10% to 90%.

The experience of states in which military service is carried out on a contract basis shows that work in this direction is the right decision. The state will have the opportunity to bring the armed forces to a new level. Young men who go to the troops of their own free will feel the full importance of the mission entrusted to them.

Today in the press there is information that, in addition to possible adjustments to the timing, the government plans to take measures to increase the comfort of the military. Each conscript this year will be given a nesser, a special bag containing personal hygiene items.

Another innovation is the allocation of time for daytime sleep for recruits. Unaccustomed load can negatively affect the health of the conscript. Additional rest will allow you to quickly get used to the nuances of the service and get involved in activities without stress.

Military service options in 2019

Today, there are several ways to repay the debt to the Motherland. The recruit has the right:

• go to the troops for 1 year,
• sign a contract on the basis of which further military service will take place,
• graduate from a university that has a military department,
• start working in a specialized state enterprise.

If a person does not want to leave his hometown to perform military duty by conscription, the duration of which is 1 year, he can use the alternative option and enter an educational institution that has a military department. With its help, the future conscript will receive the rank of private or sergeant, without interrupting his studies. To do this, the student will need to complete training, the duration of which is 450 hours.

Due to the passage of studies at the military department, a person will be able to receive several specialties at once. The habitual study of the student will become much more diverse. In addition to attending lectures, a conscript who refuses to join the army on conscription will have to undergo training at training grounds. In addition, the young men will have to spend 3 months in army camps. This will allow the student to partially come into contact with the realities of actions in a combat situation. By the time of graduation, the duration of which will not exceed the classic 5 years, a person will have not only a diploma of higher education, but also the title of private or sergeant of Russia.

Classical military service can be replaced by an alternative one. Young people, for whom being in the ranks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is contrary to religion or other beliefs, can use the way to repay the homeland.

This path is also available for representatives of small peoples who are engaged in traditional farming and crafts. Today there are 65 professions and 61 positions for which people can be sent, whose choice is alternative civilian service. The list of possible specialties includes:

• acting jobs,
• medical specialties,
• computer-related work
• specialties related to shipping.

It should be remembered that military service in alternative positions is not an opportunity to stay at home and work next to loved ones. The person will be sent to another region. The alternative service will also increase the length of stay in the ranks of the Armed Forces. For 2019, the period will be almost 2 years. Work for the good of the Motherland will be 18 months. If the period that the military service lasts increases, the period of being in an alternative position will also increase. It can be 3 years.

Military service in 2019

Information about the extension of the time spent in the army, constantly popping up in the media, makes young people who have only to pay their debt to the Motherland to worry. However, the absence of an official statement on the adjustment of existing regulatory legal acts suggests that no changes are planned in the near future. The answer to the question of how long they serve in the army is still the same. If the date of dispatch of the conscript is 2017, he will be in the armed forces of the Russian Federation for 12 months.

The term of service in the army for 2017-2018 has not changed for contract servicemen either. Today, before being drafted into the army, the conscript is free to choose how he plans to repay his debt to the Motherland. If a young person decides to enter into a contract for service, the term will increase to 2 years. After the end of the period, the soldier will have the opportunity to go home or re-extend the period.

The beginning of military service is considered:

For citizens who are not in the reserve, called up for military service - the day of departure from the military commissariat of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation to the place of military service;

For citizens (foreign citizens) who entered military service under a contract - the day the contract for military service comes into force;

For citizens who have not completed military service or who have completed military service earlier and entered military educational institutions of vocational education, the date of enrollment in these educational institutions.

A serviceman who is a citizen who entered military service for the first time, or a citizen who did not do military service and was called up for military training for the first time, is sworn in before the State flag of the Russian Federation and the Battle Banner of the military unit.

Foreigners, as mentioned above, accept the obligation.

Bringing to the Military oath (taking an obligation) is carried out:

Upon arrival of a serviceman to the first place of military service after passing the initial military training, the period of which should not exceed two months;

Upon arrival of a citizen to the first place of military training.

Before taking the Military Oath (making a commitment):

A serviceman cannot be involved in the performance of combat missions (participation in hostilities, combat duty, combat service, guard duty) and tasks during the introduction of a state of emergency and in armed conflicts;

Weapons and military equipment cannot be assigned to a serviceman;

A disciplinary sanction in the form of arrest may not be imposed on a serviceman.

For servicemen undergoing military service under a contract, the term of military service is established in accordance with the contract for military service.

The term of military service is calculated from the date of commencement of military service.

Military service expires:

a) for military personnel undergoing military service by conscription - on the appropriate date of the last month of the term of military service by conscription;

b) for military personnel undergoing military service under a contract - on the corresponding month and day of the last year of the contract term or on the corresponding day of the last month of the contract term, if the contract was concluded for a period of up to one year.

In cases where the expiration of the period of military service falls on a month in which there is no corresponding date, the specified period expires on the last day of this month.

The day of the end of military service is the day of exclusion of a serviceman from the lists of personnel of a military unit in connection with dismissal from military service, death (death), recognition as missing or declared dead.

A serviceman must be excluded from the lists of personnel of the military unit on the day of the expiration of his military service (early dismissed - no later than the end of the military service), except for the cases established by the Federal Law "On military duty and military service" and the Regulations on the procedure for military service.

The day of exclusion from the lists of personnel of a military unit is the day of completion (last day) of military service for a serviceman.

The period of military service does not count:

a) the period of stay of a serviceman in a disciplinary military unit;

b) the time of serving the disciplinary arrest by the convicted servicemen;

c) the time of unauthorized abandonment of a military unit or place of military service lasting more than 10 days, regardless of the reasons for abandonment.

For a convicted serviceman who has mastered a military specialty, who knows and accurately fulfills the requirements of military regulations and performs an impeccable service, and who is released from a disciplinary military unit after the expiration of his term of conscription, the time spent in a disciplinary military unit may be included in the period of his military service in the manner determined by the Minister of Defense RF.

For a serviceman released from a disciplinary military unit, subject to his impeccable military service, the time spent in a disciplinary military unit may be included in the term of military service by the commander of the troops of the military district or by a commander (chief) equal and higher to him, in the manner determined by the heads of the federal executive bodies. authorities in which military service is provided.

The total duration of the military service of a serviceman includes the entire time of his military service, both on conscription and under contract, including in cases of re-entry into military service.

The determination of the total duration of military service is carried out on a calendar basis.

In cases established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the total duration of military service is determined on a preferential basis.

For conscripted military personnel, one day of participation in hostilities or performance of tasks in armed conflicts, as well as one day of stay in medical institutions due to injuries, contusions, injuries or diseases received during participation in these actions or conflicts, is counted for two days of military service on conscription.

The procedure for conscription into the army in 2020 in the Russian Federation is regulated by the Federal Law of March 28, 1998 No. 53-FZ "On military duty and military service", as well as by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 11, 2006 No. 663 "On approval of the Regulations on conscription for military service citizens of the Russian Federation".

Citizens who are exempted from the performance of military duty, conscription for military service, and citizens who are not subject to conscription for military service are also not called up for military service.

The decision to call up citizens for military service can be taken only after they reach the age of 18 full years. Persons over 27 years of age are not subject to conscription. If, upon reaching the age of 27, a citizen had the right to a deferment and did not serve, then he is issued a military ID.

Terms of spring and autumn conscription into the army

You can only be drafted into the army during the terms of conscription. The call is carried out twice a year (spring and autumn calls) on the basis of the relevant decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, which indicate the dates (dates) of the beginning of the call and when the call ends.

Spring conscription - starts on April 01 and lasts until July 15.

For example, in 2018, the spring conscription was established by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the conscription in April - July 2018 of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service and on the dismissal from military service of citizens undergoing military service."

In 2019, in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian FederationThe spring conscription also took place from April 01 to July 15.

The term of the spring conscription in the army in 2020 is from April 01 to July 15, 2020.

Autumn conscription - runs from 01 October to 31 December.

The autumn call is also established by Decrees by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation.

The deadline for the autumn conscription in the army in 2020 is from October 01 to December 31, 2020.

There are exceptions to the general recruitment periods:

• Citizens living in certain regions of the Far North or certain areas equated to regions of the Far North are called up for military service during the spring draft from May 1 to July 15 or during the autumn draft from November 1 to December 31.
• citizens living in rural areas and directly engaged in sowing and harvesting work can be called up for military service from October 15 to December 31;
• citizens who are teaching staff of educational organizations are called up for military service from May 1 to July 15.

Military service in 2020

The term of military service is established by Article 38 of the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service."

Until 2008, the term of service in the army was two years. In 2006, the legislation on military service was amended and the time of service in the army was reduced to 12 months.

For example, for military personnel who do not have the military rank of an officer and were called up for military service before January 1, 2007, the term of service was 24 months.

For military personnel called up for military service after January 1, 2008, regardless of whether the conscript has a higher education or not, the term of service in the army is 12 months.

For servicemen undergoing military service under a contract, the term of military service is established in accordance with the contract for military service.

Some people say that they will soon increase the term of service in the army and in 2020 or 2021 it will be necessary to serve 2 years. We hasten to reassure future conscripts. While this information is not confirmed and is a rumor. The draft law on increasing the term of service in the army has not been submitted to the State Duma of the Russian Federation for consideration.

New rules for receiving a subpoena. Conscripts who have not received a summons will be required to independently appear at the military registration and enlistment office. This bill was passed in 2019.The former method of notifying citizens - handing over subpoenas against receipt - has been preserved. However, a new method has also been introduced - it is proposed to send summonses by registered mail with acknowledgment of receipt to the address indicated in the military registration documents.

Failure to appear on the agenda provides for administrative and criminal liability.

Medical commission in the military registration and enlistment office

Before joining the army, conscripts are subject to a mandatory medical examination. Citizens are summoned to events related to conscription for military service, including to undergo a medical examination, by subpoenas of the military commissariat.

All conscripts are subject to a call for a medical examination and a meeting of the draft commission, except for those who have a deferment from conscription.

The draft commission makes a decision regarding the conscript only after determining the category of his fitness for military service.

Based on the results of a medical examination, doctors give an opinion on the suitability of a citizen for military service in the following categories:

• A - fit for military service;
• B - fit for military service with minor restrictions;
• B - limited fit for military service;
• G - temporarily unfit for military service;
• D - not fit for military service.

If it is impossible to give a medical opinion on the suitability of a conscript for military service on the spot, the conscript, by decision of the conscription commission or the head of the (municipal) department, is sent for an outpatient or inpatient medical examination at a medical institution, after which he is scheduled to appear for a second medical examination and a meeting of the conscription commission with taking into account the expected date of completion of the said survey.

Read more about the procedure for passing a medical examination in the military registration and enlistment office in the article at the link.

Decisions of the draft board

When conscripted for military service, the conscription commission is responsible for organizing a medical examination of conscripts and making one of the following decisions regarding them:

• about conscription for military service;
• on assignment to alternative civilian service;
• on granting a deferment from conscription for military service;
• on exemption from conscription for military service;
• on enrollment in the reserve;
• for exemption from military service.

The decision of the draft commission in respect of each conscript on the same day is recorded in the minutes of the meeting of the draft commission, signed by the chairman of the draft commission and its members, as well as in the certificate of a citizen subject to conscription for military service, and the registration card of the recruit.

A draftee, in respect of whom a decision has been made to call for military service, is handed a summons to appear at the appointed time at the department (municipal) to be sent to the place of military service.

If there are grounds for deferment or release from service, the draft board shall decide on the release of the conscript from conscription for military service or on granting him a deferment from conscription for military service.

A conscript whose grounds for exemption from conscription for military service have been lost or the terms of the deferment granted to him from conscription for military service have expired is subject to conscription for military service. If the conscript did not complete military service in connection with the granting of a deferment from conscription for military service or was not called up for military service for any other reason, upon reaching the age of 27 years, he is removed from the military register of citizens subject to conscription for military service and not in stock.

Distribution to serve in the army

The decision to recruit a conscript into the army in the form, branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies for military service in military specialties in military positions is taken by the draft commission by a majority of votes based on the results of a medical examination, data from professional psychological selection , educational and special (professional) training, as well as the proposals of the head of the (municipal) department on the preliminary assignment of the conscript. This also takes into account the need for the accumulation of military specialists in reserve for manning troops according to the mobilization plan.

In order to ensure the organized dispatch of citizens called up for military service to the place of military service, the formation of military echelons (teams) and their transfer to representatives of military units, territories and premises equipped with tools and medical equipment necessary for medical examination and control medical examination, as well as equipment and material and technical means necessary for carrying out activities for the professional psychological selection of recruits (hereinafter referred to as the collection point). At the collection point, conscripts are provided with clothing and food. Here is the distribution of conscripts for service in the military units of Russia.

Prior to the departure of citizens called up for military service, from the assembly point to the place of military service, by order of the military commissar, they are assigned the military rank of private, as appropriate entries are made in the military ID and service record.

Prepared by "Personal rights.ru"

In pre-revolutionary Russia:

Until 1874, recruits (peasants and philistines) served in the army. At first, military service was indefinite; from 1793, the term of service was reduced to 25 years. Gradually, it decreased - and by the time of the military reform of 1874 it was already 7 years old.

After the reform, recruitment was replaced by universal military duty. The total service life in the ground forces was 15 years (directly in the service - 6 years, and the rest of the time - in reserve), the total service life in the fleet - 10 years (directly in the service - 7 years).

In 1906, the term of active soldier service was reduced to 3 years. Then, in August-December 1914, a general mobilization took place - in connection with the outbreak of the First World War.

After the revolution of 1917 and the civil war, a new army began to form in the new state.

IN THE USSR:

On the basis of various decrees and resolutions of the CEC, the term of service was changed several times, until the law on compulsory military service was passed in 1925.

In the ground forces until the beginning of World War II, it was 2 years. In aviation: from 1925 to 1928 - 3 years, from 1928 to 1939 - 2 years, from 1939 to 1941 - again 3 years. He also varied in the fleet. So, from 1924 to 1928, it was necessary to serve 4 years, from 1928 to 1939 - 3 years, from 1939 - 5 years.

After the Great Patriotic War (with the beginning of which mobilization was again carried out), a new law on universal military duty was adopted already in 1949. In accordance with it, men were drafted into the ground forces and aviation for 3 years, into the navy - for 4 years.

In 1967, a new law on universal conscription was adopted, the service life was reduced and amounted to 2 years for those who were sent to the ground forces and aviation, and 3 years to the navy.

In modern Russia:

In 1993, the normative act that existed in the USSR was canceled - the law of the Russian Federation "On military duty and military service" came into force. Initially, the document reduced the service life to 18 months (i.e. 1.5 years), and in the fleet - to 2 years.

In 1996, in connection with the start of the Chechen campaign, a new law came into force, according to which the duration of service in the army and navy was equal - and amounted to 2 years.

In the early 2000s, preparations began in Russia for the separation of conscription and contract military service, and at the same time to reduce the conscription service from 2 years to 1 year. For the first time that the Russian leadership plans to reduce the term of military service on conscription, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced back in 2002.

The transition took place in stages: for example, young people who went into the army in the fall of 2007 had to serve 1.5 years. And since January 2008, the service life was 12 months - 1 year.

In November 2012, the media, following the statement of the chairman of the State Duma Committee on Defense, reported that the term of service in the Russian army would be revised again. So, according to the chairman of the committee, Vladimir Komoyedov, the optimal duration of service is one and a half years, and reducing the service to 1 year was a “political decision” and actually has a bad effect on the combat readiness of the army.

A source in the Kremlin almost immediately denied this, recalling the president's initiative to reduce the deadlines.