Organized and unorganized drainage. Organized and unorganized drainage from the roof. Unorganized and organized drainage for pitched and flat roofs - basic requirements and recommendations

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Unorganized and organized drainage for pitched and flat roofs - basic requirements and recommendations

Gutters are an integral part of all buildings, performing a very important function - drainage of melt and rain water from the roof surface.

If this is neglected, water can flow directly down the walls themselves and enter basements, which can lead to the destruction of the entire construction site.

In addition, the drain also plays a certain decorative role in the exterior of the entire building, so this fact must be taken into account during construction.

Organized drainage for a pitched roof - what is it and why is it needed?

Today there are several types of drainage:

• Disorganized.
• Organized internal.
• Organized outdoor.

External organized drainage is considered the most popular, so let's start the story with him. It is a whole system consisting of various gutters, drainage pipes, fasteners and other parts that secure the structure to the roof and walls of the building.

This type of drainage has undoubted advantages over other types of drainage:

• The organized drainage system is completely thought out, so all the water ends up outside the premises, i.e. outside the building itself. This suggests that moisture cannot exert its Negative influence on the structure itself, which can significantly extend its service life.
• The system is designed in such a way that all fasteners are fully accessible, which significantly simplifies various renovation work in case of breakdowns.
• Organized drainage can be done on your own, without the involvement of third-party labor.
• An organized drain not only performs its direct function - removing water from the roof, but also decorates the facade of the building. There are modern materials on sale from which the drain is made, so it is quite possible to choose the option you are interested in.

Elements drainage system

An organized external drainage system is very suitable for a pitched roof.

The following materials are most often used to construct this system:

• Galvanized metal. This material was most popular several decades ago, but now is gradually losing its position more modern materials . Average term The service life of a drain made of galvanized steel is 12 years.
• PVC or plastic. This kind of material is now most popular in the installation of gutters, which is explained by its low weight, as well as the relative ease of installation. The average service life can reach 30-35 years.
• Copper drain. Such material outperforms all those named according to a variety of criteria, but there is one significant drawback is high price copper itself.
• Metal-plastic. This material is considered relatively young, so it is not as widespread as the previous ones. However, he combines advantages of PVC material and galvanized metal Moreover, its service life can reach 50 years.

Drainage system

Organized flat roof drainage – why is it needed and how is it designed?

Organized drainage for flat roof is also necessary for collecting water from the roof surface for its further transmission through drainage pipes. Water flows from the pipes into the sewer, into a water collection tank, or directly onto the ground itself.

The service life of a flat roof directly depends on quality system drainage That is why it is very important to follow the basic recommendations when installing drainage systems.

Installation of drainage on a flat roof is carried out in two ways:

1. On the eaves located just below the surface of the roof itself.
2. On specially equipped ledges.

The essence of the first method is to locate the funnels in close proximity to the roof overhang. In this case, the water flows through drainpipes, which are installed in channels under the funnels.

Organized internal drainage

Installation rules and standards (SNiP)

Organized internal drainage is a fairly popular method of drainage from roofs, because it can be organized regardless of the climatic conditions of the region.

Such a system includes several parts:

• a funnel into which flowing water flows;
• riser;
• outlet pipe;
• release.

• It is necessary to divide the entire roof surface into sections.
• One drain pipe should go for every 200 square meters roof spaces.
• It is necessary to maintain the slope of the roof to the water intakes - it should be about 2%.
• A collector must be constructed under the building to collect water, which must also be connected to the main sewer system.
• When installing the system, you can use pipes of a certain diameter and length. The allowed diameters are 10, 14 and 18 cm, and the length must be 70 or 138 cm.
• In order for the system to operate reliably all year round, all risers must be located in a heated area.
• The funnel must be built into the roof hermetically so that water does not seep through the cracks.

Don't forget about regular drain cleaning.

Gutter installation

Unorganized drainage - what is it, advantages and disadvantages

Unorganized drainage from the roof suggests arbitrary flow of water from the roof directly to the ground. This is achieved by a certain slope of the roof, while there are no structures or pipes for collecting water.

This method of drainage involves minimal costs, but there is whole line undeniable shortcomings:

• Such drainage may lead to foundation failure, because water will freely penetrate into its structure.
• It is necessary to periodically change the waterproofing layer of the basement of the building, because water will get there too.
• It is also necessary to provide additional layer waterproofing walls so that moisture does not destroy their structure.

It would seem, why arrange such a drainage system at all if there are so many shortcomings in it? However, such drains are found everywhere, but There are a number of factors that influence the feasibility of constructing such a system:

• There should be no more in the building five floors.
• The region should not be very rainy - no more than 300 mm of precipitation per year.
• Such a drain can be equipped with pitched roof . In addition, there should be no paths or balconies under the slope.
• The roof canopy must be of sufficient length - at least 600 mm. This will provide at least minimal protection of the walls from moisture.

Unorganized drainage system

How does the drainage system work?

We have already said that you can easily build an external organized drain with your own hands. To do this you will need the following elements:

• Pipes for draining water. IN in this case, it would be more appropriate to use plastic pipes, because they are much easier to install.
• Sealant for lubricating cracks and joints.
• Gutters.
• Clamps and brackets holding pipes.
• Adhesive composition.
• Funnels.
• Anti-icing system.

Along the entire perimeter of the slope, it is necessary to install special brackets that will hold trays for drainage of water. They are installed at a distance of 50 cm from each other, and attached to the board or to the last element of the roof sheathing.

The tray must be installed at a certain angle to the funnel with the riser so that the water flows down it on its own. The riser can be installed at an angle or straight, there are no special recommendations for this.

Drainage system design

Installing a roof drain with your own hands:

Conclusion

The drainage device is very important stage in the construction of any facility. If you neglect this matter, then such a building is unlikely to stand for a long time, and randomly flowing water from the roof can cause great inconvenience. This is especially true in regions where night frosts are a common occurrence. In this case, on local area Ice will form, which in itself is a potential hazard.

Country expert

Source: http://expert-dacha.pro/stroitelstvo/krysha/vodostok/organizovannyj-i-neorganizovannyj.html

External drain

The system for removing sediment from the roof plays a very important role in the design of the building; drainpipes make it possible to transport it to the sewer system as efficiently as possible, and thus protect external enclosing structures from getting wet and spoiling.

External flat roof drainage

When they say flat roof, this does not mean at all that the overlap angle is zero. According to building codes, for flat roofs tilt angle is provided no more than 5°, which is more than enough for the water flow to flow to one edge.

At the same time, a person, being on such a roof, is completely does not feel any discomfort.

For flat roofs it is also provided drainage system, in most cases these are internal engineering Communication, laid down in the building design, however, you can often see external drains from a flat roof.

This option can be implemented different ways depending on roof type:

• Rigid roofing made of slate, metal profiles, ondulin– since water flows to all recesses at once, a common gutter is used, the length corresponding to the side of the slope and transporting all the water down through the drainage system;
• Soft roofing – bitumen, roofing felt, roofing felt- the most common option for buildings with the possibility of access to the top - overflow windows are installed, for which a hole is made in the edge of the enclosing wall, located on the inclined side.

The overflow window is square or rectangular metal plate made of galvanized iron, with a hole in the middle and a pipe half a meter long. It is very important that the drain is located as close to the surface as possible, which guarantees the most efficient water removal.

Snip on external drains

Arrangement of external drains as a mandatory element utility networks in buildings and structures strictly regulated regulatory documents and in particular SNiP 2.08.01 – 89.

The design of the drain, despite its apparent simplicity, if it does not meet the above requirements, will not be able to fully ensure the removal of moisture, which will inevitably lead to damage decorative covering walls and foundation, as well as moisture penetration beyond the fence and into the basement.

Document the height of the building and the type of drainage are specified depending on this:

• When number of storeys up to five levels inclusive, an external organized drainage system must be installed;
• When number of storeys up to two levels inclusive it is possible to arrange an external unorganized drainage system, while canopies must be installed above the entrances and balconies of the second floor;
• When number of storeys from six floors and above internal drainage is being designed.

At construction of private houses, the height of which varies from one to three levels, external drains are installed, often of an organized type, since in the conditions of one’s own household it is much easier to carry out maintenance.

External organized drainage

Organized drainage involves the collection and transportation of melt or rain water, starting from the end of the roof slope and to the storm drain.

With prolonged contact of external walls with moisture, and especially directed exposure to water jets, plaster and plinth fail, moisture penetrates into the basement, causing dampness, and through the walls into the interior.

External unorganized drainage helps only partially protect the walls from this, but the base of the building still remains in the affected area, so even in one-story buildings preference should be given organized drainage.

This system also has disadvantages - higher cost, and the need for regular cleaning due to clogging with leaves, moss and branches. Main components of the system- these are horizontal gutters, hanging or wall mounting, drains and vertical gutters.

There is a dependence - than more complex design roofs, so more complex and drainage system, each of the slopes must be equipped with its own gutter, which is connected to the others with subsequent access to the drain.

You might also be interested in:

The latter is usually installed in the corners of the building with a mandatory drainage device that diverts the flow into storm drainage or simply as far from the building as possible.

Also watch a useful video on installing external gutters

Source: http://urokremonta.ru/vodostoki/naruzhnyiy-vodostok.html

Internal drains: standards, SNiP

According to SNiP rules, all residential and industrial building must be equipped with drainage systems. This is necessary not for aesthetic beauty, but in order to protect the building from destruction by rainwater flowing from the roof. The force of the water flow can be so great that the walls and foundation of the house begin to collapse, and the soil around it is washed away.

But from general rule there are exceptions. SNiP standards allow construction without drainage in the following cases:

• for commercial buildings;
• if the project involves laying one pitched roof;
• if the house is low and the roof lines extend far beyond the walls.

Most often, an external drainage system is installed on buildings. But in some cases, installing an external drain is impossible or impractical, for example:

• structures with flat roofs;
• construction in a region with complex climatic conditions involves heating the drain;
• when the drainage system violates the aesthetics of the building.

In all of these cases, SNiP standards provide for the installation of internal drainage.

What does the built-in drainage system consist of?

For the internal drain, the project does not involve gutters; its design is somewhat different from the more familiar external drain. The main elements here are:

In fact, the design and construction of the internal drainage system is quite simple. But here, correct calculation and competent installation are very important, in which building codes are observed.

Cast iron is most often used as a material for receiving funnels. It has been used for more than 40 years, and some experts believe cast iron funnels a relic, but practice shows that the calculations of the designers of the 70s of the last century turned out to be correct - cast iron is excellent material for the manufacture of water inlet funnels. It is very durable, does not corrode, does not crack under high water pressure, cast iron caps have sufficient weight so that they are not washed away by water flows.

Pipes for drainage, according to SNiP, must be at least 100 and no more than 200 mm in diameter. Standards allow the use of cast iron, steel, copper, galvanized, aluminum, plastic, asbestos cement pipes. More often they have rectangular section, but there are also round pipelines.

Before choosing pipes, it is necessary to make a calculation by calculating the flow rate of rainwater through the pipeline, throughput funnels, maximum possible volumes of precipitation.

Steel is the most cheap option. But steel pipes cannot be installed in places unprotected from freezing. If the water inside the drain turns to ice, the steel pipe will break. In such cases, it is better to use a PVC pipe; it has a high temperature expansion. If the pipeline is made of metal, it must be soundproofed - the water hits the metal too loudly, and there will be no silence in the house during rain.

The most reliable and durable drain– copper. However, the cost of this material is so high that copper pipes are used only as decoration, for external systems.

The horizontal drain under the basement floors can be made of any material. Concrete and plastic drains are common.

Water drainage

The initial calculation of the drainage should include the method of drainage. SNiP standards prohibit the use of rainwater drainage domestic sewerage due to the fact that the system may become clogged with leaves, branches and other debris. It must be either industrial drains or storm drains, drainage wells. In a private household rainwater often flows from the blind area into the ground, guide channels can be made to divert water from the drain.

Classification of drainage funnels

Only careful calculation and analysis will help you choose the right inlet funnels for internal drainage. These systems come in two types: flat and bell-shaped.

Flat funnels. According to SNiP they are set to absolutely smooth roofs. Often such a roof is covered with asphalt or laid out ceramic tiles. To allow precipitation to drain off a flat roof, you need at least minimum slope– from 1%. The slope is made towards the funnel, and the funnel itself is located no closer than one meter from the edge of the wall (SNiP norms).

Bell funnels. Almost always made of cast iron. They are installed on pitched roofs with a slope greater than 1.5%. Such systems have a filter (as required by SNiP standards), so the risk of drain clogging is significantly reduced.

The bell funnel consists of four parts:

Important! The section of the roof where the funnel is mounted must be carefully sealed. If this is not done, the roof will leak.

Rules for installing internal drainage

The arrangement of the water disposal system (sewage and drainage) is regulated by SNiP standards. It is impossible to deviate from these requirements during construction, otherwise the design of the future building will not be approved by the relevant authorities. When arranging an internal drain and performing calculations, you must remember that:

Important! The design of the funnel includes a special valve that is responsible for preventing air from entering the pipe. Therefore, the pressure in the drain is not too high. Internal system also suitable for multi-storey buildings, even skyscrapers are equipped with it.

Classification of internal drains

Only a calculation will show which sediment drainage system is more suitable in specific case. There are three types:

• gravity system;
• siphon design;
• heated drain.

In a gravity drain, the pipes are never completely filled with water. The collection and disposal of sediments is carried out through a pipeline located at a slope. Water flows randomly down a slightly inclined pipe.

The calculation of a siphon drain is more complex, but also more effective. The system only works when the pipeline is completely filled. The water column should begin in the funnel and end at the end drain pipe. When the rain is too light siphon drain works on the principle of gravity. If the pressure drops in the upper part of the pipeline (the rain weakens or ends), a vacuum is created in the middle of the pipe, which helps suck the remaining water into the funnel and complete elimination it from the drain.

Attention! Forced drainage is much more effective than gravity drainage. But it is also more difficult to install: such a system must be absolutely sealed, and the installation of temperature compensators (gaskets, seals) in the seams is not allowed.

Heating is most often needed metal pipes or drains of industrial unheated buildings. Heating of drainage areas is carried out with electricity or steam. The calculation of such systems should only be carried out by a specialist.

How to calculate a drainage system

At the same stage when a house project is being developed, specialists must carry out drainage calculations. Important factors that must be taken into account when calculating are:

Taking these parameters into account, the number of funnels, their location, pipeline diameter, and drain location are calculated.

Troubleshooting

The most common problems in the drainage system are leaks and clogged pipes. To ensure the accessibility of the pipeline for repair and cleaning, it is necessary to provide for inspection hatches and inspection windows at the design stage.

Internal drainage is most often installed under the finishing of the building. These are all kinds of sandwich panels, siding, insulation and other cladding materials. When installing them, you need to provide all kinds of removable elements, hooks, hatches.

If the drain of the old one has become unusable multi-storey building, most often, it is simply dismantled and replaced with a new one. Since it is very difficult to repair an embedded system due to its inaccessibility, clogged pipes drainage systems that could not be cleaned are duplicated with new ones. They are attached to risers on stairwells and in the corridors.

An internal drainage system will be effective only when its design complies with the norms and requirements of SNiP. The building design must initially involve configurations; unlike external systems, internal drains are not installed in an already built structure.

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Unorganized roof drainage

The drainage organization has a whole list positive points, which primarily include the safety of the structure from the destructive effects of rain and snow. However, is it always necessary to arrange an organized drainage from the roof with the whole system pipes, as well as various gutters. There are times when you can do just fine without it. Here we are talking about an unorganized drain, for the arrangement of which you will not need to spend money on purchasing additional materials.

What does an unfinished drain look like?

Due to the appropriate slope of the slope and the complete absence of additional structures, uncontrolled liquid drains from the roof surface. The simplicity of construction and minimal costs for its arrangement attract many homeowners. However, we should not forget about negative aspects, which can affect the integrity of the roof, and indeed the entire building.

• Unorganized drainage has a negative impact on the walls of the facade, accelerating their destruction. Therefore, during their construction, an additional layer of waterproofing is required.
• Even in areas where there is precipitation minimal amount, water will penetrate into the foundation, worsening its condition and slowly destroying it. To avoid this, additional underground drainage should be installed to remove excess moisture.
• Atmospheric precipitation will also affect the base. This indicates the need to periodically update the waterproofing layer.

Taking into account these shortcomings, the question arises whether unorganized drainage from the roof is necessary. To answer it, you need to familiarize yourself with the standards prescribed by SNiP 31-06, which clearly define the features of the building that allow the drainage to be left unorganized.

Requirements and standards

The main criterion is the number of floors in the building, which should not be more than five. Also, the amount of precipitation falling in a certain region should not exceed 300 mm. Only in such situations is it possible to do without laying pipes, gutters, and other materials. Based on the requirements, unorganized drainage from the roof of SNiP is created when pitched roof, having a slope towards the courtyard. In addition, the following factors must be taken into account:

• there should be no pedestrian paths, roadways or balconies under the slope;
• the roof canopy must be 60 cm or exceed these parameters to protect the structure from moisture;
• Additional protection should be provided by a canopy installed above the entrance.

Today the requirements for building design are too stringent. However caring owners To increase the service life of houses, a drainage system is installed.

Type of drains

There are two types of drainage systems.

Internal, with pipes located inside the building. Such a device for organized drainage from the roof provides for water intake funnels on significantly low areas of the roof. In addition, all valleys, gutters, and roofing must have a slope directed towards the funnels.

External, located on external sides building.

On roofs made of metal tiles, sheet steel, asbestos cement sheets, corrugated sheets and small-piece materials, the construction of an external drain is provided.

The basic requirements for drainage systems look something like this:

• the roof surface must be resistant to frost and precipitation;
• the roofing material must withstand temperature changes;
• accumulated sediments must be removed using a drainage system;
• Sedimentary water must be removed from ordinary roofing surfaces using water storage and drainage systems.

In addition, we should not forget that:

• drainage is ensured by a certain angle of inclination of the roof;
• the use of “fillies” (special packings on the rafters that make it possible to create a flatter slope) reduces the slope to the drainage system;
• narrowing of gutters, dumbbells, channels or trays to water drainage is unacceptable;
• the arrangement of cornice channels must be such as to ensure reliable protection buildings from ice, snow, frost, icicles;
• the material for drainage gutters must provide elasticity at low temperatures and rigidity of drainage systems.

According to the regulations, the creation of an unorganized drain is quite acceptable. However, even on outbuildings, an organized drainage system will be more appropriate. Therefore, is it worth the risk of reducing the lifespan of the house and creating problems for yourself in the future with its maintenance? An organized drainage system can save you from many possible troubles.

The organization of drainage has a whole list of positive aspects, which primarily include the safety of the structure from the destructive effects of rain and snow. However, is it always necessary to arrange an organized roof drainage with a whole system of pipes, as well as various gutters. There are times when you can do just fine without it. Here we are talking about an unorganized drain, for the arrangement of which you will not need to spend money on purchasing additional materials.

What does an unfinished drain look like?

Due to the appropriate slope of the slope and the complete absence of additional structures, uncontrolled liquid drains from the roof surface. The simplicity of construction and minimal costs for its arrangement attract many homeowners. However, we should not forget about the negative aspects that can affect the integrity of the roof, and indeed the entire building.

• Unorganized drainage has a negative impact on the walls of the facade, accelerating their destruction. Therefore, during their construction, an additional layer of waterproofing is required.
• Even in areas where precipitation is minimal, water will penetrate into the foundation, worsening its condition and slowly destroying it. To avoid this, additional underground drainage should be installed to remove excess moisture.
• Atmospheric precipitation will also affect the base. This indicates the need to periodically update the waterproofing layer.

Taking into account these shortcomings, the question arises whether unorganized drainage from the roof is necessary. To answer it, you need to familiarize yourself with the standards prescribed by SNiP 31-06, which clearly define the features of the building that allow the drainage to be left unorganized.

Requirements and standards

The main criterion is the number of floors in the building, which should not be more than five. Also, the amount of precipitation falling in a certain region should not exceed 300 mm. Only in such situations is it possible to do without laying pipes, gutters, and other materials. Based on the requirements, unorganized drainage from the roof of SNiP is created with a pitched roof that has a slope towards the courtyard. In addition, the following factors must be taken into account:

• there should be no pedestrian paths, roadways or balconies under the slope;
• the roof canopy must be 60 cm or exceed these parameters to protect the structure from moisture;
• Additional protection should be provided by a canopy installed above the entrance.

Today the requirements for building design are too stringent. However, caring owners also install a drainage system to increase the service life of their houses.

Type of drains

There are two types of drainage systems.

Internal, with pipes located inside the building. Such a device for organized drainage from the roof provides for water intake funnels on significantly low areas of the roof. In addition, all valleys, gutters, and roofing must have a slope directed towards the funnels.

External, located on the external sides of the building.

On roofs made of metal tiles, sheet steel, asbestos-cement sheets, corrugated sheets and small-piece materials, the construction of an external drain is provided.

The basic requirements for drainage systems look something like this:

In addition, we should not forget that:

• drainage is ensured by a certain angle of inclination of the roof;
• the use of “fillies” (special packings on the rafters that make it possible to create a flatter slope) reduces the slope to the drainage system;
• narrowing of gutters, dumbbells, channels or trays to water drainage is unacceptable;
• the arrangement of cornice channels must be such as to provide reliable protection of the building from ice, snow, frost, and icicles;
• the material for drainage gutters must provide elasticity at low temperatures and rigidity of drainage systems.

According to the regulations, the creation of an unorganized drain is quite acceptable. However, even on outbuildings, an organized drainage system will be more appropriate. Therefore, is it worth the risk of reducing the lifespan of the house and creating problems for yourself in the future with its maintenance? An organized drainage system can save you from many possible troubles.

The drainage system is used to drain precipitation from the roof into a storm drain or other place for collecting water. An organized drainage system protects foundations and walls and prevents the formation of puddles around the house.

Depending on the location, drainage systems can be internal or external. The internal drain is installed inside the building before carrying out finishing works. It installs on flat roofs oh, and also in regions with a high probability of water freezing. External roof drainage is more common. Its installation is carried out upon completion of all construction and finishing work.

The advantages of such a drainage system are obvious:

ease of installation and dismantling;

no need for specialized skills and tools;

ease of maintenance.

Materials for drainage system

Currently, external roof drainage can be made of metal or plastic. For metal systems use galvanized or carbon steel, titanium, copper, aluminum.

The choice of material depends on various factors:

Type of roof. On an elite building, plastic pipes look ridiculous; copper or titanium are more appropriate here.

Easy to install. The easiest way to install a drain is made of plastic.

Resistance to mechanical damage. Best properties in steel, copper and titanium.

Weir elements

External roof drainage consists of a number of elements, the number of which depends on the size and design features building. Gutters are horizontally installed parts for draining water. By location there are: cornice, parapet, and groove. Parapets are mounted between the parapet beams. The grooves are placed at the junction of several slopes.

According to the cross-sectional option, gutters are divided into semicircular, square and embossed. Square ones are used in areas with high precipitation. Embossed ones serve to protect against debris, leaves, etc. Internal and external corners designed for outlining roof elements. The gutters are fastened using brackets with a pitch of 50 cm. Plugs are installed at the ends of the gutters.

The second element of the external roof drainage is the drainpipe. Its cross-section must coincide with the cross-section of the gutter. For roofs whose area exceeds 200 m2, it is recommended to use square pipes. According to SNIP, for roofs with an area of ​​up to 30 m2, pipes with a diameter of 80 mm are suitable, for roofs from 50 to 125 m2 - with a diameter of 90 mm, and for an area of ​​more than 125 m2 - 100 mm. The pipes are secured using clamps. The gutters and pipes are connected to each other by drainage funnels. Special nets are installed on them to retain debris. Docking various elements passes through the couplings.

Organized external drainage from the roof provides for the flow of water into a storm sewer, but it can also be discharged simply to the ground at least 60 cm from the foundation.

Installation of external roof drainage

The event is held in two stages:

First- development of a drainage system project. It includes drawing up an estimate and plan for future work. At this stage, taking into account the area of ​​the roof, its design features and angles of inclination, the required number of gutters, pipes, funnels and fasteners is calculated.

Second phase- installation of a drain. In addition to the parts of the drainage system and assembly instructions, the following tools are needed: drill, saw, hammer, screwdriver, as well as nylon thread.

Installation is carried out in the following order:

6. Roofing.

Organization of drainage on the roof. Questions and answers.

The main reason for the formation of icicles and ice on the roof of a building is the lack of ways for melt water to drain. What other factors cause ice to form on the roof?

The main factor in the formation of ice and icicles on the roof is improperly organized drainage. Other factors that contribute to the formation of ice dams:

Atmospheric heat – daily difference in air temperature, solar radiation;

The roof’s own heat generation, which is facilitated by:

Not enough efficient heat– and vapor barrier (when using the under-roof space for living). To protect the thermal insulation layer and the base under the roof from being moistened by moisture penetrating from the room, a vapor barrier should be provided in accordance with the calculation.

All types household activities are accompanied by a significant release of water vapor, the penetration of which into the roof structure occurs under the influence of steam pressure and air movement. Even if the vapor barrier in the roof structure is done carefully, moisture still penetrates into the insulation through leaks around communications, material joints, etc. Moisture condenses in the insulation, due to this its thermal insulation ability is sharply reduced. The most important quality of a vapor barrier is its continuity;

Lack of under-roof ventilation: ventilated attics (if the attic space is not used for living) and vents or air gap between thermal insulation and roofing (when using the attic space for living). The most rational method of removing moisture is to have an air gap between the thermal insulation and the roof covering to ventilate the under-roof space. A continuous ventilation slot is provided in the eaves, and a ventilation opening is provided in the ridge or gable. Traditionally, when installing thermal insulation into a structure, two ventilation gaps are left, forming two ventilation zones - upper and lower. Through the bottom ventilation gap, located between waterproofing coating and insulation, condensate air coming from inside the room is removed. And through the upper ventilation gap formed between the roof and the waterproofing, moisture that gets inside from the street is removed. At modern way for insulation, vapor-permeable (diffusion) membranes are used as waterproofing. Ventilation is carried out through one ventilation gap between the roof and the diffusion film, through which condensate from the room passes.

SNiP 11-26-76, paragraphs 4, 5; SNiP 23-02-2003, clause 9

How to ventilate the under-roof and attic space to minimize thedeterioration of thermal insulation and formation of condensation on inner surface roofs?

To ventilate the attic space, it is necessary to provide supply and exhaust openings in the external walls (in each wall with total area cross-section not less than 1:500 of the coating area) or device in the coating dormer windows. These holes must be covered with a mesh with cells no larger than 20x20 mm. The area of ​​the supply and exhaust openings should not be less area cross sections of the ventilated layer. Ventilated height air gap above thermal insulation is determined based on calculation and cannot be less than 50 mm. It is not allowed to use wood and thermal insulation materials based on it. SNiP 11-26-76, clause 5

How to reduce icing on the roof surface?

Icing occurs due to increased exposure solar radiation on the roof, the absence of hydrophobic properties of the surface, as well as intense adhesion of water, ice and dust to the roofing materials. To reduce the effect of these factors, it is necessary to use painting compounds light colors with increased water-repellent properties.

On which roofs should internal and external drains be provided?

Internal organized drainage should be provided on roll and mastic roofs, external organized drainage - on roofs made of small-piece materials, asbestos-cement corrugated sheets, sheet steel, copper, metal tiles and metal corrugated sheeting. Internal organized drainage and external unorganized drainage on roofs made of reinforced concrete tray panels can only be provided in buildings up to 10 m high. TSN KR-97 MO, clause 4.8 (SP 31-101-97 MO)

How to properly place water intake funnels on the roof?

Water intake funnels of internal organized drainage must be evenly distributed over the roof area. Per 1 cm2 cross section funnel pipes account for 0.75 m2 of roof area. On each section of the roof, limited by walls and expansion joints, there must be at least two funnels, and for a roof area of ​​up to 700 m2, the installation of one funnel with a diameter of 100 mm is allowed. The bowls of water intake funnels should be located in the lowest places of the roof, no closer than 500 mm to parapets and other protruding parts of the building. In places where funnels are installed, a local lowering of the roof of 15-20 mm within a radius of 0.5 m is provided. TSN KR-97 MO, clause 4.9; 4.10; 4.11 (SP 31-101-97 MO)

How to perform external organized drainage?

When installing external organized drainage, the distance between drainpipes should not exceed 24 m, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe is taken at the rate of 1.5 cm2 per 1 m2 of roof area. Suspended and wall gutters must have a longitudinal slope of at least 2%. TSN KR-97 MO, clause 4.12 (SP 31-101-97 MO)

When and how is the operation of gutters checked?

This happens in the fall. The work is carried out in order to timely carry out all roof repair operations and prepare them for winter.

The roof plan shows areas of stagnant water and the degree of contamination of the funnels. With unorganized external drainage - places and degree of soaking façade walls and plinths with water flowing from the roof, rainwater flowing through balconies into the premises top floor, and through the pits - into the basement floors. It is also necessary to clean the water intake devices from leaves, pine needles and dust (it is prohibited to sweep leaves and debris into the drains). To clean roofs, wooden shovels, brooms or polymer scraping devices should be used.

How to eliminate stagnation and freezing of water near parapets, roof railings, architectural details,facing roofs with external drainage?

First of all, you need to find the reason. This is probably the placement of unnecessary architectural details and vertical elements on the roofs that prevent water from flowing out.

It is necessary to redesign all elements of the roof covering, including taking into account the possibility of installing anti-icing system.

What is an anti-icing system and where is it used?

Anti-icing systems are used in places where it is necessary to prevent the formation of ice and icicles - on roofs, open terraces, porches, steps, ramps - and prevent freezing and damage to pipelines (heating, water supply, sewerage, etc.). Anti-icing systems for open areas, steps, garage entrances allow them to be used safely in winter.

Anti-icing systems are most often used to prevent the formation of ice on roofs. Even a properly designed drainage system does not always cope with the task of drainage. In winter and spring periods this leads to the formation of ice and icicles on the roof. The snow on the roof melts and flows to colder edges, where it freezes again, forming an ever-growing ice dam. Gutter systems also freeze and are unable to drain water that melts on the roof, causing damage to the roof and siding of the home. In most cases, it makes more sense to install an anti-icing system than to produce permanent repairs. The basis of anti-icing systems is heating cables laid in places most susceptible to ice formation. Since the entire anti-icing system is energized during operation, its device must meet all the requirements of the PUE, SNiP 3.05.06-85 and SP 31-110-2003.

What are the typical heated zones of an anti-icing system?

Typical heated zones:

Full length drainpipes;

Gutters and gutters;

Drainage funnels and areas around them with an area of ​​about 1 m2;

Entry points for gutters into drainpipes;

Valleys (joint lines of roof planes);

Other connections to the roof plane ( skylights, lanterns, attics);

Water cannons and water jet windows in parapets;

Roof eaves; drips;

Surfaces of flat roofs and concrete gutters;

Drainage and catchment trays in the ground under drainpipes.

In which parts of the roof are anti-icing systems installed?

Heating cables must be installed on horizontal parts of the roof and along the entire path of melt water. If there are entrances to storm sewers - down to the collectors below the freezing depth.

What are the requirements for anti-icing systems from the point of view of fire and electrical safety?

The system must include only those heating cables that have certificates of conformity and fire safety(as a rule, these are non-flammable cables or cables that do not support combustion);

The heating part of the system must be equipped with an RCD or differential automatic with a leakage current of no more than 30 mA (for electrical safety requirements - 10 mA);

Complex anti-icing systems must be divided into separate parts with leakage currents in each part not exceeding the above values.

PUE, SNiP 3.05.06-85, SP 31-110-2003, SNiP 21-01-97*

What technical components does the anti-icing system include?

Anti-icing system includes:

The heating part, consisting of heating cables and accessories for attaching them to the roof. This part directly carries out the task of turning snow or frost into water until they are completely removed. The heating part may include some snow retention elements that interact with the heating elements;

Distribution and information network, which provides power to all elements of the heating part and conducts information signals from the sensors to the control system panel. The system includes power and information cables that meet the operating conditions on the roof, distribution boxes and fastening elements;

A control system containing:

Control cabinet;

Special thermostats;

Temperature, precipitation and water sensors;

Starter control and protective equipment corresponding to the power of the system.

How do anti-icing systems work when outside temperatures vary?

The system must be equipped with temperature, precipitation and water sensors, as well as a corresponding specialized thermostat, which can be called a mini weather station. It must control the operation of the system and allow the possibility of adjusting temperature parameters taking into account specific features climate zone, the location of the building and the number of floors in it.

Are anti-icing systems designed to last throughout the winter?

The operation of anti-icing systems at temperatures below -18...-20°C is, as a rule, not necessary. Firstly, at such temperatures, ice does not form and the amount of moisture sharply decreases. Secondly, under these conditions the amount of precipitation in the form of snow also decreases. Thirdly, melting snow and removing moisture at such temperatures requires significant electrical power. When developing and installing an anti-icing system, it must be borne in mind that the designer must provide the water resulting from the operation of the system with a free path - up to complete removal from the roof and from the gutters.

Are flat roofs heated?

It is recommended to heat flat roofs with armored resistive cables, based on a specific power of 250-350 W/m2, and higher powers apply to roofs on which there may be large drifts. The laying pitch of armored cables ranges from 100 to 140 mm. The minimum bending radius of the NBMK cable is 45 mm.

Parapets located along the edge of the roof act as guide gutters, but at the same time they contribute to the accumulation of snow and ice. To heat the roof behind the parapets, it is recommended to use the same power as for gutters, but one step higher.

Water cannons in the parapets are very dangerous places, promoting ice accumulation. It is recommended to heat the bottom of the water cannon and the area in front of it at least 1 m2 based on a power of 300 W/m2.

When calculating power and required quantity heating cables should be based on the following recommendations:

- Drainpipes. The rated power of heating cables installed in pipes in the absence of water ranges from 20 to 60 W per 1 linear line. m. It depends on the length and diameter of the pipe. Particularly effective use self-regulating cables, capable of increasing heat transfer in the presence of water by 1.6-1.8 times;

- Gutters and gutters. The linear nominal heating power of the gutters depends on the drainage area lying above the gutters (troughs) and can be normalized through the catchment area per 1 m of the gutter (trough). With a catchment area of ​​up to 5 m2, the heating power may not exceed 20 W/m, increasing to 50 W/m for a catchment area of ​​25 m2 or more;

- Droppers(depending on the design of the dropper itself) are heated in one or two threads with a self-regulating or armored cable;

- Cornices, located below the gutters, serve as a source of formation of snow and ice blocks that fall off the roofs. To remove snow on the eaves, installation is carried out either along the eaves (if the latter is up to 300 mm wide) or over the entire area. In this case, both self-regulating and armored cables can be used;

- Endovy also contribute to the accumulation of snow. It is recommended to heat them for at least 1/3 of their length. As a rule, according to the layout of heating sections, heating of valleys is usually combined with heating of gutters.

"Soft roof. Materials and technologies of work: Directory” - M.: Stroyinform, 2007. -500 p.: ill. – (Series – “Developer”).

ISBN 5-94418-032-3