When arranging a home, many people do not treat the ceiling decoration with special care, but this is also an important part of the interior. In a private house it is possible to create any design, unlike an apartment where you are limited to neighboring rooms. But when settling in own home You should not only pay attention to the external component, but also to the insulation. We will discuss below how and with what to decorate the ceiling in a private house with your own hands.

When it comes to decorating a private home, finishes from natural materials. And the first thing that comes to mind is a tree. Various designs full of wood. There are plenty to choose from.

The simplest type of wood finishing is lining. Often, lining is used to cover the entire room. And then it is simply coated with varnish or paint. You can simply sheathe the ceiling and decorate the walls with other materials. The lining creates a beautiful appearance and is easy to install. Anyone can handle this. But prices for lining can be steep. It all depends on the type of wood and category. It is clear that the most expensive ones have best qualities. But there are plenty to choose from among the cheaper ones. The disadvantage of lining is that it is difficult to combine with other materials. Either cover the room completely, or carefully select types of finishes for other surfaces.

Another type of wooden ceilings - rack design. The price for them, as in the previous one, depends on the breed. Here you have to choose based on your own financial capabilities. Accordingly, the characteristics will vary depending on the price. Some breeds are not afraid of moisture, others are afraid high temperatures. IN in this case everything is individual. Depending on the room in which you want to install wooden ceiling, consult with specialists the view is suitable exactly for you.

Coffered wooden ceilings rarely fit into the interior of a city apartment, but in a private house they will look chic. And right away main drawback- price. Such ceilings will cost you very much. Designers do not recommend installing them in rooms with ceilings below 3 meters. Coffered ceilings are quite a heavy structure with many decorative elements, including small room such a design will not look good.

When using wood, pay attention to the composition of the impregnations with which it was treated. They should not contain toxic substances, otherwise it will negate the entire environmental friendliness of the tree and may be harmful to health.

Rack structures can be made not only of wood, but also of plastic and metal. A coffered ceilings can be made of plasterboard or plastic. By appearance the differences are significant. Wood is easier to fit into the interior of a private home, but plastic and metal can also be suitable in different designs.

All materials are significantly inferior to wood. Less environmentally friendly, shorter service life. Plastic tends to turn yellow and fade in the sun. Drywall is afraid of water. It all depends on the quality of the material and the execution of the work. There are types of plastic that differ in quality, but they will not be cheap.

An alternative option is suspended ceilings. Very good way for ceiling decoration. It will disguise all its shortcomings and hide communications. In private houses, the rooms are much more likely to differ larger area than in apartments.

When installing stretch ceiling V large rooms The fabric is welded together to form a seam. If the masters cheat, then it can be very visible. Therefore, pay attention to this point. This applies to PVC fabric, but fabric cloth does not have this drawback, so it is more advisable to use it.

An exclusive type of finishing that is not suitable for apartments is glass ceiling decoration. It would be very difficult to create such a design on your own. complex installation. The cost can be staggering. But this ceiling is incredibly beautiful. Its advantages include ease of cleaning and long service life.

The most budget option The paint finish is still there. I don't want to use this option in my home. But if you still decide, then choose quality paint. Be sure to prime first. Treat with an antifungal compound and carefully level the ceiling, otherwise you will have a crooked surface.

In addition to choosing materials, it is important to choose the right interior, and own home the choice of options is much wider than in an apartment. To expand the space, the ceiling can be made in the form of an arch, this will add a touch of sophistication. Sloping ceiling. It is often done on the roof, but sometimes it is used in large but narrow rooms to equalize the space.

What to do if the ceilings are low

Private houses are not free from this problem, although more often it still affects apartments. What are the best ceiling finishing options in this case? In this case, there are a number of rules that will help visually increase the space.

1. Colors. Do not use dark colors. How lighter color, the more it expands the space. White is the most ideal solution.
2. Use light and glossy surfaces. Will help to double the space mirrored ceilings, For example, aluminum slats. Glossy surfaces with spot lighting will also help expand the space.
3. Choose smaller lighting fixtures. No bulky chandeliers with lots of details.
4. The decoration of the walls and ceiling should be done in the same range of colors, this will create the effect single space and then the ceiling will seem higher.

Use hanging structures not recommended as they take away centimeters from the height. The only exceptions may be mirror and glossy surfaces. A more radical method is to remove the roof to increase the walls. This method already applies to major repairs, and will not be cheap.

How to decorate the ceiling in a private house with your own hands

How to make a ceiling in a private house. Almost any finishing option can be done with my own hands, the only question is the level of severity of the work ahead and the cost of materials.

Hanging structures are attached almost identically - to frames.

But, for example, drywall in wooden house can be mounted in three different ways: on wooden frame, on metal carcass or directly onto the ceiling itself.

The last method saves a lot of money because there are no additional materials not required. Less work - the installation process will take less time. Also, the ceiling will not take up much space, which is very important for houses with low ceilings. But this method can lead to deformation of the entire structure. And it’s not about the installation, but about the properties of the wood. Under the influence of weather, the wood can shrink or swell, which will lead to damage to the drywall itself.

But mounting it on a frame allows you to avoid this disadvantage. The frame can be made of wood or metal. This type of work will take much longer and you will have to buy additional tools and materials, but the design will be more reliable.

It is best to choose a metal profile, it is more reliable. Can be laid additional layer insulation.

How to install on a metal profile. First you need to make markings. It is carried out from the lowest angle. The distance from the ceiling to the structure depends on the lighting fixtures.

After marking, the main profile is attached to self-tapping screws. The screws should be spaced 40 centimeters apart. Next is the turn for the suspensions. At a distance of 60-70 centimeters, attach them to the profile and bend the edges. Then the guide profile is installed. The frame is ready.

At the stage of creating the frame, you need to bring all the wires to the location of the lamps. Drywall sheets are attached to the profile with self-tapping screws. Slats and cassettes are also attached to such a skeleton. The principle of fastening is the same.

If you are interested in the question of how to install a ceiling in a new house, then you have come to the right place, although it is technically impossible to post all the tips on one page. The adjective “suburban” itself does not mean at all that certain ceilings are permissible only outside the city, because it can also be within the city. In addition, this is not necessarily a dacha, but perhaps a place of permanent residence.

Ceilings in a private house

Due to the impossibility of considering all the structures in the house that are in use, we will pay attention to only two types of ceilings - wooden lining and plasterboard construction. In addition, we will also consider insulation methods, which are similar for all suspended structures.

Insulation

• Suspended ceilings for country house can be insulated with mineral wool, polystyrene foam, penoplex and polyethylene foam, but the first two names are most in demand - mineral wool and polystyrene foam (see).

• Mineral wool is made from melts of three main materials - glass (glass wool), basalt (stone wool) and blast furnace slag (slag wool). In addition, cotton wool can be covered on one or both sides with a layer of foil, which serves as a heat reflector and significantly increases the thermal insulation qualities of the material. Products are produced either in bales or in rolls.

• Foam plastic is a product of foaming plastics and for household use formed into square panels 100x100cm. The thickness of the sheets is 20,30,40,50 and 100mm. Foam plastic also differs in compression density, so panels come in 15 kg/cm 2 and 25 kg/cm 2 (fifteenth and twenty-fifth density) (see).

• We are looking at how to make pre-insulated ceilings in a house and in this photo we see that mineral wool is placed between the frame slats. Insulation is also done using polystyrene foam in the same way, but insulation can also be installed before making the frame.

• The insulation can be put directly on the U-shaped strip hangers, and then metal profiles or slats can be mounted to them. This method of insulation is relevant if there is a main ceiling and during installation suspended structure a ceiling sinus is formed (see).

• You can insulate the ceiling in a cottage or any house by installing insulation directly under the roof. The power of the thermal insulation layer mainly depends on its thickness, but also on the waterproofing or foil coating.

• You can also insulate ceilings in a private house from the attic side. Here, in fact, any type of insulation is suitable, because it is simply applied on top, on the ceiling. In such a situation, sometimes they simply fill the attic floor with expanded clay, and if the layer is more than 3 cm, then thermal protection provided for you.

• Imagine that you need to make a ceiling structure in a house from rounded logs. Somehow it naturally suggests itself that it would be appropriate there wood trim, and for obvious reasons we will now consider a suspended structure made of wooden lining.

• First of all, you need to determine the level at which the suspended ceiling frame will be mounted. At this stage, we can either raise the ceiling structure in the house or lower it - everything will depend on the height of the frame. Therefore, using a water level, we place marks around the perimeter and use a chockline (painting cord) to mark a control line along them.

• The most convenient way to adjust the height of the ceiling in the house is with the help of U-shaped tape suspensions (peshki), which are fixed either to the main ceiling or to the beams. The second option is considered taking into account the fact that the ceiling beam in country house, as a rule, is not leveled along the plane, therefore both the level and height are adjusted by suspensions.
• If on the ceiling concrete floors, then the suspension is installed on two plastic dowels with screws, and if there is wooden base, then with ordinary self-tapping screws. The distance between the pawns should be no more than 50-60cm, and if the frame rail is deformed, then install additional hangers as the profile bends.

• For the frame, a 20x40mm, 20x50mm, 25x40mm or 25x50mm rail is used. You can, of course, use thicker profiles, but this makes no sense, and besides, it would be an unreasonable waste of building materials. The distance between the profiles on the frame for wooden lining will be from 40 to 50 cm, even if there are heavy lamps on the ceiling - this will be enough.
• The outer profiles of the frame are attached close to the wall, and sometimes instead of slats they use 50x50mm timber and fix it not with hangers to the ceiling, but with long screws to vertical plane. For fixation wooden profile Wood screws, 25mm long, are used. The protruding ears of the dewlaps are bent to the sides.
• The ceilings in the cottage will be even if you assemble an even frame. It is very difficult to level each profile separately, so it is easier to stretch a nylon thread under the frame, screwing it with self-tapping screws to the outer slats.

• Metal clamps are used to fasten the lining to the frame. These fasteners are supplied with nails 20mm long, but nailing the fastener with them is very inconvenient and not entirely reliable. Usually the clamp is screwed to the frame with a 25mm self-tapping screw.

• The first panel is screwed to the frame with screws along the very edge so that they can later be covered with a baguette or ceiling plinth. After all, how can you repair the ceilings in a house if you don’t decorate the perimeter with something? So don’t try to fit the panels too tightly to the wall - the gap will be covered by the finishing material.
• To install the last lining, you need to determine its width. To do this, take measurements in three or four places and transfer them to the panel. The distance may not be the same due to the uneven wall.

• If you have already decided how to line the ceiling structure in your house and have settled on wooden lining, now select the material with which you will close the gap around the perimeter. Most often, either a wooden plinth or a baguette is used, and the latter is sometimes sewn onto both planes. Thus, around the perimeter we get something like an unfolded corner.
• If the ceiling height in a country house does not allow you to hang a chandelier, and you will use overhead lamps, do not forget that wood is a flammable material. To the body lighting fixture does not get very hot, use light bulbs up to 50W or install an asbestos gasket under the lamp.

Plasterboard ceilings

• Optimal height from floor to ceiling surface in a house 250-270cm, so the frame for a plasterboard suspended structure must be oriented towards these dimensions. If there are false beams in the room, then they can be lower, but the plane of the suspended ceiling should still be approximately at this level, so as not to create a feeling of heaviness (very low ceilings “press”).

• In the same way as in any other suspended ceiling, we use a chockline to mark the control line for the frame level. But the frame itself plasterboard ceilings will be slightly different from the wooden structure.

• Now you need to make markings on the main ceiling for attaching the hangers. Each row should be fixed strictly 50cm from each other, which means that for them you need to use the same chockline to beat off the control line. The distance between the pawns should not exceed 60-70cm.

• When optimal height The ceiling in the cottage has already been determined and the control line has been marked, we screw the UD profile to the wall. The distance between the fastenings is 40-50cm. The profiles can be joined overlapping, inserting one into the other.
• We continue to cover the topic of how to repair the ceiling in a house and move on to installing CD profiles. The elements are cut to the required length (5mm shorter than the distance from wall to wall) and placed in the UD under the hangers, without being fixed to them.

• Under the metal hanging frame, as well as under the wooden frame, a nylon thread is stretched. To prevent the profiles from dragging it down with their sagging, each of them needs to be raised above the plane, bending the ears of the middle suspension under it. Then you level each CD along a thread, screwing it to the pawns with special small metal screws.
• Sometimes you have to screw two screws on one side to remove the play, otherwise the frame will “rattle.” The same screws are used to connect the CD to the UD.

• Before sheathing the ceiling surface in a plasterboard house, find an assistant to lift the sheets to the frame. It’s not even about the weight of the gypsum board, but about its size, because it is 120x250cm, and it’s almost impossible to lift a sheet of that size alone, because it will break.
• An average of 60 metal screws 25mm long are consumed per sheet. They are screwed in 30cm apart. To prevent the cap from falling into the sheet, use nozzle No. 2 for drywall. After installing the gypsum board, you can begin to putty.

Recommendation. Above the suspended ceiling you will definitely have wiring for lighting and possibly communications communications. All wiring should be packaged in a tubular corrugated cable duct and secured to the main ceiling or beams.

Advice. When purchasing small metal screws for a frame, check their quality using nozzle No. 2. Put a screw on it and place the nozzle in a horizontal position with a slope of 20⁰-25⁰ towards the screw. If it doesn’t fly off, it means the quality is good and it will be easy to work with.

Conclusion

We looked at the two most common ways to repair ceilings in a house outside the city. But the design possibilities are far from limited to this, because there are also other Decoration Materials, such as PVC and MDF panels, aluminum and plastic slats, polyvinyl chloride film. You can always use any of these materials, according to your capabilities and desires.

how to decorate the ceiling in a private house? This is the first question people ask after buying a home. Landscaping a private home will allow you to implement a non-standard approach to interior design and create a ceiling that will correspond to the overall design. Considering fashion trends, it’s easy to turn disadvantages into advantages, hide flaws in the rough surface, expand or reduce the space of the room. In this article we will look at how to decorate ceilings in a private house and what materials to use in the work.

how to decorate the ceiling in a private house - a budget option

Inexpensive options for decorating the ceiling are painting or whitewashing, foam tiles, plaster stucco, decorative plaster, wallpaper.

An affordable way to update the surface is to paint or whitewash the ceiling in the house. Both options require preliminary leveling of the base base, sealing seams and cracks on the ceiling surface, and applying a layer of primer.

To achieve the desired shade to selected coloring composition add a color of a suitable tone, stir well.

Deciding on color decorative ceiling, keep in mind that light shades visually expand the space, while dark shades visually narrow the walls, lower the ceilings, and make the room smaller in size.

When choosing the type of paint, they are guided by the purpose of the room where the finishing is carried out. For example, in the bathroom it is better to use silicone or latex-based paints that are resistant to abrasion, sudden temperature changes, high humidity. In the bedroom or living room, the ceiling is painted with water-based or acrylic paints. These operations can be easily done with your own hands.

Plaster, gypsum stucco and adhesive ceilings

On the picture decorative painting gypsum stucco

Another option for decorating the ceiling in a private house is to install gypsum panels. Classic version stucco moldings are white, but if necessary, the slabs can be repainted.

Suitable for surface finishing and decorative plaster. Using the composition you can make the base smooth, embossed or textured. If used during registration textured plaster, it is applied in a layer 1 cm thick. After the first layer has dried, several more are applied. The result is a rich color.

Adhesive ceilings include types of decorative coverings that are attached to base surface for special adhesives. A common finishing method is polystyrene foam, the main advantage of which is its low weight, making it easier for the glue to hold the tiles.

The following types of polystyrene foam panels are chosen for finishing:

• stamped with a simple design without clearly defined boundaries. The thickness of the tiles is 9-14 mm; if desired, the pasted ceiling is painted with water-based emulsion;
• injection 6-8 mm thick. Clear drawing, different colors, imitation of natural natural materials– distinctive features of panels of this type;
• extruded tiles, despite their small thickness (2.5-3.5 mm), are durable and dense. A special coating applied to the segments during manufacturing makes the panels resistant to moisture and UV radiation. The downside is that it cannot be painted.

Wallpaper

Photo ceiling wallpaper in the dining room

Also considered simple and in a budget way finishing. The main conditions for work are a flat surface, no differences in height on the base, and high-quality glue.

To decorate the ceiling, it is better to give preference to plain canvases with simple relief and light shades. Using different textures or colors, you can divide the room into functional zones. In a children's room, photo wallpaper on the ceiling will look interesting.

Photo of a stretch ceiling in a living room with a staircase

If the differences in the floor structure are 5 cm or more, suspended or suspended ceilings will help to cope with the defect.

Installation stretch fabrics carried out very quickly. After installation, there is no need to further finish the surface, and the coating will reliably hide the flaws of the rough base. The decorative properties of suspended ceilings are superior to other finishing methods:

• variety of colors, textures;
• the possibility of combining different materials and textures on one surface;
• harmonious combination with ceiling spotlights, classic chandeliers, LED lighting.

Entrust the installation of a stretch ceiling to professional craftsmen, since the material is expensive, and self-installation there is a risk of ruining the canvas.

Suspended ceilings are available in several types. The creation of such structures begins with the installation of a frame, which is then sheathed with sheets of plasterboard, decorative slats, plastic panels, etc.

Ceilings in private houses differ from those in city apartments. If it is presented in apartments concrete slabs, then in a detached house the floor acts as a ceiling attic space. The attic is located under the roof slope and, as a rule, is not heated. Therefore, so as not to get hurt interior decoration ceiling, first pay attention to the supporting structure:

• lay layers of hydro- and vapor barrier.

Expanded clay, polystyrene foam, mineral wool, sawdust and other materials are used as insulation.

Only after installing these layers do they begin finishing the ceiling on the inside of the house.

Which ceiling is better

Deciding what the interior decoration of the ceiling of a private house will be like and what materials to buy for decoration is not easy. Coatings must be resistant to the climatic conditions of the room where they will be used, but at the same time be attractive.

If the house is not heated in winter, then paneling with wooden clapboard or plasterboard sheets will not retain their original appearance by summer. Changes in temperature and cold will have a detrimental effect on these materials, and the structure will have to be redone. In this case, it is better to opt for plastic panels or.

Withstands a wide range of temperatures, so it is suitable for finishing the ceiling in a country house, which is rarely used in winter. But when the temperature drops below 0°C, vinyl coating will lose its declared elasticity and begin to crack.

If the house is heated and the structure is made of wood, The best way finish the ceilings - . The material will emphasize the structure of the wood and will match the interior.

The plasterboard structure will reliably hide electrical wiring and communications located under the rough base. But provided that the height of the room allows you to install a suspended ceiling.

Thus, there are many varieties of ceiling decoration in a private house. And what to choose depends on financial capabilities, the characteristics of a particular room, the style and direction of the interior.

Designers have come up with several rules for decorating low ceilings. If you follow the recommendations, you will be able to maintain the height and visually raise the ceiling surface:

1. choose light colors of finishing materials. For example, White color or a palette of pastel shades;
2. If the height of the room allows, install a suspended ceiling with a glossy canvas. The ability of the material to reflect light from lighting devices will affect visual magnification room volume;
3. give up bulky lamps and chandeliers, which will take up part of the compact space and also make the decorative structure heavier;
4. decorate the ceiling and walls in the same color, but in different tones. Make the ceiling surface lighter than the walls, then you can visually raise the ceiling;
5. A pattern with vertical stripes on the walls will increase the distance from the floor to the ceiling.

The following finishing methods will maintain the height of the room:

• suspended ceilings when decorative coating mounted to a rough base or frame installed to the ceiling (lining, plastic panels, drywall, plywood, MDF panels);
• traditional design options - whitewashing or painting, decorative plaster, wallpaper).

Wooden structure

Wood is gaining popularity not only in finishing ceilings. All more houses It is built from natural logs - an environmentally friendly and attractive material. To support the “wooden” style of the interior, it is better to choose “block house” lining or slats to decorate the ceiling surface.

Lining is a common type of facing material with the following advantages:

• heat and sound insulation;
• environmental friendliness, safety;
• installation of lining is not required preliminary preparation ceiling;
• the coating masks flaws in the base base;
• The service life with proper operation will be 10 years or more.

For ceilings, choose lining made of pine, oak or larch.

Block house slats are a relatively new invention for wooden houses, which offer the same advantages as lining. At the same time, different tree species. The downside is the high price.

how to decorate the ceiling in a private house - Drywall

If the house has a ceiling with visible differences in height, then a plasterboard construction will solve an unpleasant problem. With the help of gypsum boards it will be possible to achieve flat ceiling, and for coloring, choose any shade.

The main advantages of drywall include:

• ease of processing;
• the ability to create complex multi-level structures;
• safety.

Of the minuses note:

• low moisture resistance;
• the heaviness of the sheets requires an assistant to install the ceiling;
• the need for further finishing after installation;
• if the house shrinks, the gypsum board will crack, so in newly built houses it is better to choose a different method of decorating the ceiling surface.

Current trends in ceiling decoration: general ideas

Differences of a modern ceiling:

• functionality;
• visual openness;
• contrasting color combination;
• use of natural materials;
• rejection of pretentious elements and techniques.

• purchase materials that will reliably mask flaws in the base base and will last at least five years;
• The real trends are eco- and ethno-motives. They are now at the peak of popularity;
• give preference to rich shades. This doesn't mean the colors have to be loud. Choose soft, deep tones that will add originality to the ceiling;
• when decorating ceilings in spacious rooms, include multi-level structures, smooth transitions, complex bends and shapes in the decoration;
• The style of the ceiling surface should be combined with the direction of the interior, and not look defiant against the background of the rest of the decoration.

On construction market There are many materials for decorating ceilings, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. What to choose depends on the purpose of the room and the style of the interior that is intended to be created.

Video review of how to decorate the ceiling in a private house

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Ceiling in a private house: 13 steps to comfort and practicality

This article is about how to make a ceiling in a private house. In it I am going to touch upon the problems of choosing the height of the ceiling, its structure and the selection of materials for its installation and design. Let's get started.

Height

Minimum

1. What is the minimum possible ceiling height in a private house??

2.4 meters. By reducing the height even more, you will make living rooms frankly uncomfortable: the ceilings will literally put pressure on the inhabitants of the house, forcing them to constantly bend down.

By the way: already at a height of 2.4 - 2.5 meters, a person above average height will begin to cling to his head hanging chandeliers and lamps. Personally verified: with a height of 186 cm, it is quite difficult for me to move freely in a typical Khrushchev or Brezhnevka apartment with suspended light sources.

Optimum

1. What is the optimal ceiling height in a house??

If we talk only about the subjective perception of the room - the more, the better. High room even with relatively small area looks spacious. However, with significant ceiling heights in full height, excuse the involuntary pun, the heating problem arises.

Warm air tends upward, and in order to provide comfortable temperature at floor level, under the ceiling it will have to be heated to +30 +35C. Excessive air heating attic floor means an unjustified increase in heat losses: they are always proportional to the temperature delta with the street.

The problem can be solved in two ways:

• For convection heating (using or convectors) - limiting the ceiling height to approximately 2.7 meters. In my opinion, this height represents a reasonable compromise between comfort and heat savings;

Hint: the standard ceiling height in new buildings is exactly this - 2.7 meters. In most houses of Soviet projects it is noticeably smaller - 2.6, 2.5 and even 2.45 m.

• In addition, heat distribution in a high room will be optimal in the case of a heated floor - water, cable or film. It will provide a comfortable temperature at the level of human height, without overheating the air near the ceiling.

By the way: in houses with second light, warm floors and infrared heaters are generally the only heat sources capable of providing a comfortable temperature regime. When using convection heating, either heat at the second floor level or bitter cold below will be inevitable.

House with second light. The only reasonable heating method is underfloor heating.

Higher, even higher

1. How to increase the height of ceilings in the house?

If you have panel or monolithic reinforced concrete floors, you can only change the visual perception of the height of the room by using tools from the designers’ arsenal.

Which ones exactly?

• Light colors make objects appear further away than they really are. The effect is emphasized by the contrasting colors of surrounding objects. Simply put, if you paint the ceiling white and the walls dark, the room will look much larger than its actual size;

• The same effect can be achieved by playing with lighting. To increase the apparent height of the ceiling, it is hidden by lighting with spotlights or spotlights.

Floors on wooden beams provide much more space for actually increasing the height of the premises.

If the ceiling is hemmed from above along the bottom of the beams, it is worth removing the hemming (usually a board panel) and laying the flooring between the beams, along the cranial bars, or on top of them. Yes, and here the effect will be largely visual, since the beams will be only two to three centimeters higher than the old filing; however, the room will become much more spacious.

More radical way- physical increase in the height of the ceiling. To do this, alas, it is necessary to remove the roof, so the work should be timed to coincide with a major roof repair. The height of the walls increases due to several additional rows of masonry or new frame crowns laid on top of the walls.

The log house can also be raised on jacks by starting under it an additional one or two crowns.

Finally, in houses with floors on wooden beams, it is often practiced to dismantle them and lay an insulated screed on the ground. The disadvantage of this method is that windows and thresholds doorways will rise noticeably relative to the level of the finished floor.

How to raise ceilings this way?

• The floor is opened with complete dismantling flooring and insulation;

• Beams are cut off;
• The soil is removed and leveled;

The subfloor cannot be deepened below the foundation level. This is fraught with soil subsidence and wall deformation.

• A sand or sand-gravel cushion with a thickness of at least 10-15 centimeters is formed on the ground. It will ensure drainage and avoid freezing of the soil under the floor;
• A layer of waterproofing is spread over the sand, overlapping the walls (as a rule, dense polyethylene plays this role);
• Concrete preparation is laid on top - a cushion 8-10 centimeters thick made of low-quality (M-100 - M150) concrete;

• After it gains strength, a layer of insulation is laid on top - expanded polystyrene or polystyrene foam with a density of C-35. Thickness is determined by local climatic conditions. Usually it is 40-50 millimeters;
• On top of another layer of waterproofing film on stands 15-25 mm high, galvanized reinforcing mesh with a cell of 10-15 cm and a wire thickness of 5-6 mm is laid out;
• It is filled with a screed 8-10 cm thick. After gaining strength and leveling the surface with any in a convenient way(self-leveling floor, plywood, etc.) you can lay a finishing coating.

Concrete should come into contact with the wood of the walls only through waterproofing. In her absence lower crowns the log frame or wall frame will quickly rot.

Materials and solutions

Reinforced concrete floors

1. What finishing options are used for slab and monolithic reinforced concrete floors??

The simplest (but not the cheapest) way to make the ceiling perfectly even is to order a stretch ceiling. In Crimea, where I live, it will cost from 400 rubles per square meter. It is useful for the future owner to know several features of this solution:

• The minimum distance from the ceiling to the tension flow web is about 4 centimeters. Accordingly, the room will become, albeit slightly, lower;

• The tension force of the canvas is about 70 kgf per linear meter of baguette, which is attached to the walls. Accordingly, all walls must have sufficient strength with respect to horizontal load. Plasterboard partitions are built with a reinforced frame, and the boxes multi-level ceilings made of plasterboard for fastening the baguette, reinforced with bevels from the profile;

• Glossy ceilings are made from the thinnest vinyl film. To tension it, the air in the room is heated with a gas heat gun to 65 - 75 degrees; After cooling, the canvas is stretched and made perfectly even.

Gloss visually makes the room taller due to the ghostly reflection of its interior, which is a definite plus. However thin film is not durable: it can be damaged even by shooting a champagne cork;

• Matte fabric ceilings cheaper and more durable than glossy ones. However, due to the peculiarities of joining the canvases, the seams remain visible on them;
• If you plan to hide hidden lamps under suspended ceilings, platforms for them and electrical wiring must be installed in advance. At the location of the lamp, a reinforcing ring is glued to the canvas, after which the fabric or film inside the ring is cut out.

The ceiling under the suspended ceiling should be pre-treated with antiseptic primer. A fabric that is impermeable to air will limit the ventilation of the surface of the slabs or monolith, and it is advisable that fungus does not take advantage of this.

How to finish reinforced concrete floor, if suspended ceilings are undesirable for some reason (for example, due to the small height of the room)?

The most obvious way is to level the ceiling gypsum plaster(Rotband, HP Start and so on) followed by puttying on the fiberglass mesh.

In this case, do-it-yourself finishing is done like this:

• The ceiling is cleaned of whitewash and old plaster(of course, if they exist). The easiest way to do this work is with a hard steel spatula, after thoroughly moistening the surface two or three times with a short interval with water using a sprayer or a wide brush;
• The slab floor is cut (cleaned of cement mortar) old stuff) seams. Tools - chisel and hammer or small pick;
• The entire surface of the ceiling is primed with adhesive primer (concrete contact) with the addition of an antiseptic;
• Beacon profiles are attached to the ceiling level, in one horizontal plane. To attach them, it is better to use not plaster or putty, but building gypsum- it sets in 3-7 minutes, not 30-40;
• The plaster is thrown or spread onto the ceiling with a medium trowel or rectangular trowel. After the 1-1.5 meter long section between the profiles is filled, the excess is removed using a long rule. As a rule, you will have to go through each section several times, with re-filling the gaps;

The layer of plaster should not be thicker than 3 cm. If the differences between the floor slabs exceed this value, it is better to choose a suspended or suspended ceiling.

• After drying the plaster, we move on to puttying. Gypsum putty(I personally liked ABS Saten the most) apply a narrow (10-12 cm) spatula to a medium (30-35 cm) spatula and spread it onto the ceiling with sliding movements in the thinnest possible layer.

After puttying a section 1 - 1.5 meters long, a sheet of reinforcing fiberglass mesh with a cell size of about 2 mm is pressed into the putty with the same spatula. The second layer of putty covers the fiberglass mesh, completely hiding its texture;

• The last stage is sanding. I use an inexpensive oscillating sander for this purpose with #80 and #120 sanding grids for the first and second passes, respectively.

The ceiling should be sanded under oblique lighting, emphasizing the slightest irregularities, and with the obligatory use of personal protection- glasses and a respirator or gauze bandage. Gypsum dust severely irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes and nasopharynx.

1. Which ceiling is better to install in a room with high humidity - a bathroom, toilet or combined bathroom?

Here are the types of finishes that are most resistant to dampness:

• The suspended ceilings I have already mentioned;
• Plaster ceilings using cement mixtures. The technology for their application is no fundamentally different from gypsum. If gypsum gets wet at high humidity and becomes plastic, then cement completely retains its mechanical properties;

To level the surface of the plaster, use putty on white cement. It will show through the paint much less.

• Suspended - from wall and ceiling plastic panels.

1. How to build a ceiling from panels?

For this you will need:

• Ceiling guide profiles UD (27x28 mm) with a total length equal to the perimeter of the room with a small margin for trimming;
• CD ceiling profiles (60x27 mm) with a length equal to or greater than the length or width of the room (they come in 3- and 4-meter lengths). Their quantity should allow the installation of the sheathing with a pitch of no more than 60 centimeters - with a larger sheathing pitch, the plastic panels will sag within 1 - 1.5 years;

Hint from the Captain Obvious: the sheathing is mounted perpendicular to the panels. The maximum length of the panels can reach 6 meters, so they are usually oriented parallel to the longer wall of the room.

• Direct hangers are attached along each ceiling profile in increments of no more than 80 cm;
• For their fastening and for mounting the ceiling guide profile, dowels are used - screws 6x60 - 8x80 mm;
• The profiles are connected to each other and to the hangers using metal screws 9 mm long. Using the same self-tapping screws, but already 25 mm long, they are hemmed to the panel profiles;
• The suspended ceiling itself is assembled from polyvinyl chloride wall or ceiling panels maximum available width with seamless tongue-and-groove locks;

Opt for white glossy panels. They are visually almost indistinguishable from a glossy stretch ceiling; at the same time, they are much stronger and extremely easy to clean: the surface can be wiped with a damp sponge and any non-abrasive detergent.

• To edge the ceiling and to hide its junction with the walls, you can use vinyl, polyurethane or foam baseboard. The latter is the cheapest and easiest to install: it can be glued to walls and ceilings using any universal glue, sealant or acrylic putty.

Preparation of the ceiling surface is reduced only to treatment with antiseptic primer: a suspended ceiling, like a suspended ceiling, will sharply worsen its ventilation and can lead to fungal infection.

The construction of the ceiling is carried out in the following order:

• Along the perimeter of the room in a horizontal plane, a ceiling guide profile is attached to the wall. Fastening step - 50 - 60 cm;
• The position of the ceiling profiles is marked perpendicular to the panels on the ceiling;
• Along each of them, in increments of 80 cm, straight hangers are attached with dowel-screws;
• Ceiling profiles, cut to size using metal scissors, are inserted into the guides and pressed against the ceiling with the ears of the hangers bent inward;
• Several threads are stretched between the guide profiles, which will serve as guides for installation of ceiling profiles in one plane. Each of them is lowered until it touches the thread, after which the ears of the suspensions are attracted to it with metal screws. The free part of the ears bends upward;
• Ceiling profiles are screwed to the guides;

• The first panel, cut to fit the ceiling, is attached parallel to one of the walls.

Hint: The easiest way to cut PVC is with a grinder and any abrasive disc. And in this case, eye and respiratory protection is important: fine plastic dust evenly fills the entire volume of the room and settles very slowly.

• The panel is attached to the profile on minimum distance from the wall with self-tapping screws passing through. On the other side of the panel, self-tapping screws attract the protrusion of its tongue-and-groove lock to the profile;
• The next panel is inserted into the lock first, after which its protrusion is also attracted to the ceiling profile with self-tapping screws - and so on across the entire width of the room;
• The last panel is again secured with self-tapping screws passing through it at a minimum distance from the wall. The fastener caps will be hidden by the ceiling plinth;
• The plinth is glued last, after the finishing of the walls is completed.

Beam floors

1. What is a rough ceiling on beams made from??

Here are the basic materials for filing a rough ceiling:

• Trimming and unedged board. A board panel is usually used to lay insulation on it. The board can either be hemmed to the beams from below, or laid between them, on the cranial bars;

• tongue and groove board;
• Plywood 10 - 18 mm thick (depending on the pitch between the beams);
• OSB of the same thickness.

1. What to make a finished ceiling from?

Here are the finishing materials that can be used for this purpose:

• Plasterboard and gypsum fiber sheet;

It is better to use not GVL, but gypsum board. Even if the sheet breaks during transportation or installation, it can be used: the fragments of the gypsum core will be held in one plane by a kraft paper shell. It is enough just to securely fasten the plasterboard in the area of ​​damage.

• Wooden lining;
• Plastic wall panels already familiar to us;
• Plywood. Yes, yes, it can serve as a decorative finishing coating. Plywood cut into squares is varnished; The gaps between adjacent sheets are closed with strip strips painted in a contrasting color.

Flooring with flooring for insulation on cranial bars.

1. How and with what to sew the bottom of the flooring along the cranial bars?

Drywall can be screwed directly to the boards with self-tapping screws 32 - 45 mm long. The junctions with the beams are puttied; horizontal sections of the ceiling and beams are usually painted in contrasting colors.

You can just as easily hem the flooring wall panels. They are attached to the boards with self-tapping screws through the protrusions of the locks or sit on glue. The starting profile or plastic corner acts as the edging.

1. How to hem a board panel along the beams from below?

Each board is attached to the beam at the point where they intersect with two nails driven staggered (at an angle with a slope of different sides). This method of fastening will prevent the weight of the ceiling and insulation from tearing out the fasteners.

1. How to make a wooden ceiling with your own hands from lining on beams?

The lining is fastened through clamps - galvanized steel shaped plates. It is better to fasten them to the beams with self-tapping screws. Clamps allow, if necessary, to disassemble the ceiling without damaging the lining.

A galvanized clamp is a simple device for fastening the tongue-and-groove lock of the lining to the sheathing.

The ceiling edging is traditionally made of wooden plinths. Transverse gaps between boards connected along their length are hidden with thin slats.

1. How to fix drywall?

It is attached to a solid board panel with self-tapping screws in increments of 20-25 centimeters. But when installing along beams or rafters (in the attic or attic) under gypsum boards or gypsum fiber boards, you will have to assemble the sheathing. I mounted it like this:

• Along the rafters with insulation laid between them (5 cm mineral wool and 5 cm of foam plastic with density C-25) was hemmed vapor barrier film. The goal is to prevent the insulation from getting wet and the rafters from rotting. A furniture stapler was used to file the film;

• Guide ceiling profile The UD was secured to the gables. In my case they are panoramic windows, so the profile had to be attached directly to the plastic frames;
• Along the attic, a ceiling profile was attached to the rafters using direct hangers. At the junctions of the inclined and horizontal sections of the ceiling, two profiles were mounted next to each other;
• GKL sheets were fastened across the sheathing profiles. I used wall plasterboard 12.5 mm thick instead of a thinner ceiling one, because Bottom part inclined sections of the ceiling are at a height of only 1.9 meters and can be subject to mechanical stress. For fastening, phosphated self-tapping screws 25 mm long were used in increments of 15 - 20 cm;

• The seams were puttied with ABS gypsum putty and glued with rolled fiberglass mat mounted on PVA glue, after which they were covered with another layer of putty.

The way the ventilation of the space above the ceiling is arranged deserves special mention. Air sampling is organized from there exhaust fan through one of the attic gables; At its corners, four supply ventilation grilles are installed in the finished ceiling.

The photo shows grilles for ventilation of the space between the ceiling and the roof of the attic.

For painting plasterboard thread we used:

• In dry rooms - office and bedroom - latex water-dispersion paint, resistant to dry abrasion;
• In the bathroom - waterproof rubber paint water based. It reliably protects the plasterboard from splashes of water and can be washed with any cleaning agents except abrasive ones. The texture of the painted surface is semi-gloss, with a slight shine.

Conclusion

Of course, in a relatively short article I did not mention everything possible solutions. The video in this article will help our dear reader learn more about how to cover a ceiling in a private house. I look forward to your comments and additions. Good luck, comrades!

October 3, 2016

If you want to express gratitude, add a clarification or objection, or ask the author something - add a comment or say thank you!

Floors in a building are understood as structures that separate rooms from each other in height and form floors, a basement and an attic. Depending on the type of building, the function performed and operating conditions, they are constructed from various materials and according to different schemes.

Floors in the house: classification

According to their purpose, structures are divided into three types.

Interfloor – separating one residential floor from another. The attic is also included in this category, since this room is thermally insulated, which means that the temperature difference between the lower room and the attic will be small.

Basement - built between a cold basement and a residential floor.

Attics - separating the residential floor and the cold attic.

In the last two cases, when constructing the floor, insulation will be required, since the temperature conditions of heated residential and non-residential premises will be very different.

Based on the method of execution, there are two types of structures.

Beam - is a structure made up of load-bearing beams, which take on the main load, and filling. This option is much more often used in private homes, since its installation can be done with your own hands without the use of heavy construction equipment.

Beamless - made from flooring slabs, for example, and does not include beams. This method is more typical for multi-story panel buildings.

Beam floor

Two types of beams are used for its construction.

Wooden ones are used much more often in the construction of private houses, since they are relatively light in weight and are equally successfully used to form ceilings in both wooden and frame buildings.

Metal ones are more durable and designed for higher loads.

Both types of supports have their advantages and disadvantages.

Weight - wooden beams are much lighter; with appropriate experience, installation can be done with your own hands. Metal supports are much heavier, which accordingly increases installation costs.

Durability – at correct processing material, the structure will last a long time in both the first and second cases. However, metal is more durable.

Resistance to moisture - it is recommended to use timber made of larch or pine, since this wood is water resistant and is not very susceptible to rotting, which does not exclude mandatory treatment with antiseptic compounds. The same applies to metal products - to increase corrosion resistance, beams are painted.

Thermal and sound insulation is certainly much higher with wood. Metal not only does not store heat, but can play the role of a cold bridge if insulation is poor.

Fire resistance is certainly much higher for metal alloys. Wood, no matter how it is processed, is not a non-combustible material.

Limitations - wooden beams can be used with a span width interfloor covering– up to 5 m and attic – up to 6 m. There are no metal restrictions.

Decorative – ceiling beams made of wood can serve decorative element, designers often use this technique: they fill the space between the beams with MDF boards or plasterboard, leaving the beam visible. Metal elements must be hidden.

Ceiling structure in a private house

Most often, when they talk about do-it-yourself ceilings, they mean constructing the ceiling of the first and only floor, above which there is an attic, which is usually unheated. Its structure, as well as the sequence of actions during construction, practically does not depend on the type of building - frame, brick or log. It is recommended to use wooden beams as a material, since it is much lighter, but at the same time provides sufficient strength and reliability for a one-story private house.

The basis of the ceiling is beam system from timber - the parameters of the latter are determined by the dimensions of the span to be covered. Calculations should be made using tables. Then skull blocks are attached to the beams with self-tapping screws, and a rough ceiling made of boards is laid on top. It is advisable to use the same wood. If the beams remain visible and also serve an aesthetic function, it is recommended to treat them with varnish.

Vapor barrier - heated air, rising to the ceiling, cools on the surface, which contributes to condensation. In order to protect the ceiling from moisture, it is waterproofed, that is, covered with a layer of vapor barrier material - polyethylene, for example.

Insulation is an absolutely necessary action, since it is through the attic and roof that most of the heat is lost. Thermal insulation can be achieved in different ways.

In a living room - in this case, the heat insulator is located between the beams on a layer of waterproofing. Most often, foam plastic or penoplex is used, since this material, with good insulation properties, is very convenient to work with: the slabs are installed in a spacer between the beams and do not even need fastening. At the same time, foam plastics are very light, low-flammability, and resistant to fungi and mold. Mineral fiber in rolls is no less often used. With similar characteristics, mineral fiber is completely fireproof, but is less resistant to moisture. It is somewhat more difficult to install it, since the material has a loose structure.

If the method described above is used, then the heat insulator from above, up to the finished ceiling, is covered with another layer of waterproofing.

Insulation in the attic - the heat insulator in this case is placed “on the other side,” that is, on the floor of the attic. As a rule, bulk is used - expanded clay, slag, clay with sawdust, and so on, but mineral fiber is also used. The heat insulator is covered with a layer of waterproofing material on top, and then floors made of plywood, OSB or boards are laid on the logs.

Ceiling lining - in principle, any material can be used for lining, the level of vapor permeability of which is more or less close to that of wood - otherwise it is impossible to prevent the situation with loss and accumulation of condensation. However, there are also some aesthetic requirements that it is advisable to fulfill.

Wooden lining – best option, whose technical and aesthetic characteristics perfectly match the log structure. For finishing, it is advisable to choose the same type of wood as for the walls.
Drywall - most often, slabs painted in light colors are placed between the beams, forming a chalet-style design, hunting lodge, Provence and so on. This option is highly preferable for small rooms, as it visually expands the space and raises the ceiling. You should not cover drywall with wallpaper - this is an option for a brick building.

Plastic lining - glossy, light colors and seamless is permitted if used in exactly the same manner. Suture plastic lining especially next to the log walls it looks extremely ridiculous.
For the same reasons, it is recommended to abandon foam plastic boards - the material does not at all correspond to the aesthetics of a wooden structure.

Tensile structure - more suitable for brick or frame house with appropriate wall decoration.