In what cases is roll roofing used and the rules for its installation. Characteristics and recommendations for choosing a roll-type roof Soft roof in rolls
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Roofing is a crucial moment in the construction of a country house. The quality of this operation depends on the comfort of living in it or the possibility of using the building for its intended purpose. Errors in the installation of the roof are fraught with significant financial losses.
Roll roofing materials - what is it
When building a country house, one of the main tasks is to create a beautiful and durable roof. You can make the roof aesthetically attractive using rolled roofing materials. As practice shows, they are the easiest to use, and a properly arranged roof can work up to 25 years. The repair of such a roof is also simplified, in which it is not necessary to dismantle the old coating, but it is enough to install patches in the places of leaks.
Rolled roofing materials are widely used for roofs with a slope angle of 10-30 degrees. Such a coating is convenient for both pitched roofs and complex-shaped coatings. The roll covering perfectly takes root both on small country houses, and on presentable cottages.
Photo gallery: roll roofs
Modern roll materials look beautiful and reliably protect the roof from leaks. 
Some welded materials look like tiles 
Before laying rolled materials, the roof must be insulated 
Roll materials based on fiberglass can be used in most climatic zones of our country, except for the coldest
What are the types of roll roofing materials
Soft roofing materials in the form of rolls are widely represented on the building materials market, and their range continues to expand. At the same time, they have a variety of technical characteristics.
According to the method of application, roll coatings can be divided into the following categories:
The quality indicators of rolled roofing materials are regulated in accordance with GOST 30547–97, which stipulates all the technical characteristics of these products.
The classification by type of basis is as follows:
- According to the type of panel used in the production - with a base or baseless.
- By the types of bases used, which can be asbestos, fiberglass, cardboard and polymer.
- According to the types of external coating, roll materials are divided into polymer, bitumen or polymer-bitumen.
- According to the composition of the protective coating, they can be foil-coated, film-coated or powdered.
The very first representatives of the class of roll coatings are roofing material and rubemast. They have long been used for roofing and are still relevant today. The reasons for their popularity are their low cost and quite acceptable durability.
Rubemast is an improved version of roofing felt and has a service life of up to 15 years due to the use of special additives and plasticizers
On the advantages and disadvantages of roll materials
To fully assess the possibility of using roll materials for roofing, you need to consider the main positive properties of this class of coatings:
The negative aspects include:
Characteristics of some materials
Among the abundance of rolled materials on the market, several groups can be distinguished.
Materials based on bitumen and bitumen-polymer mixtures
These are, as a rule, welded products, the basis of which are glass fabrics or non-woven glass fabrics. When using elastic polyester bases, a material with a relative elongation of 16–30% of the original size is obtained. These products include:
- isoelast;
- isoplast;
- bicroplast;
- bicroelast;
- dneproflex;
- Filisol and many others.
The breaking force for such materials in tension is 30–60 kg. The limiting parameter for Russian conditions may be brittleness at temperatures from 25 degrees below zero.
One of the best materials for roof waterproofing is technoelast coating, developed by the Russian company TechnoNIKOL. Its characteristic feature is the high hydrophobicity of the coating at the joints of the sheets. For this, diffusion welding technology was developed. When using it, scattered canvases turn into a continuous coating. In the production of technoelast, not only polymer-bitumen compounds are used, but also artificial rubber, which makes it possible to obtain higher strength characteristics.
This material can be used in most climatic zones. It also features increased waterproofing properties, due to the use of a front and back polymer film. Its thickness can be up to four millimeters. The mass of a square meter of material is 4.9 kg. The breaking force along the length is 60 kg, along the width - 40 kg.
Technoelast, like many other rolled roofing materials, is applied by fusing
Filizol
This is the contribution of Russian manufacturers to a wide range of roll materials for roofing. Taking into account the conditions of their operation in severe climatic conditions, it uses SBS-type thermoplastic elastomer, which made it possible to obtain a competitive material, one of the best in the modern line of similar products.
Filizol is based on fiberglass or polyester fabric coated on both sides with a polymer-bitumen binder with thermoplastic elastomer.
This material is characterized by the following features:
This is a unique roofing material for creating a "breathing" roof. Often there are blisters on the new coating, which are formed when moisture evaporates under it. The reason may be moisture from the screed or insulation layer. The elimination of such defects is carried out by opening the bubbles and applying a patch to the damaged areas.
This situation can be avoided by using Technoelast rolled roofing material. According to the device and the components used, it differs little from standard products, but the lower plane is arranged in an original way. The adhesive composition is applied continuously on its surface, but along the canvas there are stripes with sprinkling. Being glued to the base, such material is held on a sticky layer, and the loose areas are channels for moisture to escape.
Rolled technoelast is fastened mechanically.
Rolled material "Technoelast" allows you to make a roof without air bubbles
Self-adhesive roll roofing materials
Self-adhesive materials differ from the usual polymer-bitumen sheet by the presence of a sticky layer on the bottom surface. Structurally, the canvas consists of a polyester base with a reinforcing fiberglass mesh. On both sides, it is covered with a polymer-bitumen composition with the addition of thermoplastic components. Then the adhesive composition is applied and covered with a protective film.
During installation, it is enough to remove it and lay the material on the base of the roof, rolling it with an elastic roller. This flameless technology allows the coating to be used on flammable (wooden) substrates.
Rolls can be laid at temperatures up to +5 o C, but in the range of 5-15 o C, its surface must be heated with a building hair dryer with an air jet temperature of about 400 degrees.
The operating temperature range is from -50 to +60 o C.
Self-adhesive materials can be used on any roof, including fire hazardous ones.
How to choose roll roofing material
When deciding which material to use for the roof device, the following circumstances must be taken into account:
- Architectural design of the roofing system. The choice of roofing material depends on the angle of inclination of the slopes, the complexity of the shape and geometry. It is necessary to take into account the attractiveness of the coating and its compliance with other objects on the site.
- The magnitude of the load on the truss system of the building matters, and, consequently, its final pressure on the foundation.
- Requirements for the durability of the building. The decisive factor in this case is the type of structure. For example, the requirements for a roof for a residential building are somewhat different than for a summer kitchen.
Regardless of the emergence of new roofing materials, roll coatings are still very popular. This is primarily due to their lower price.
Video: the choice of roll roofing material
Roof device
For the installation of the roof, various rolled materials with dressing are used - glass and ordinary roofing felt, roofing felt, tar-bitumen products, as well as non-covering materials, such as hydroisol or glassine.
Roof manufacturing technology is divided into two main stages - preparatory and main.
The preparatory operations include the following:
There are cold and hot mastics. The first of them are obtained by mixing dehydrated bitumen with fluff lime fillers, asbestos fibers and others. Solar oil is used as a solvent. The binder composition is also dehydrated bitumen or pitch, the fillers are the same.
The main technological processes include:
- Laying vapor barrier and insulation. At the same time funnel drains are installed.
Roof insulation can be made with mineral wool, polymer or sprayed materials.
- Application of paint vapor barrier - hot or cold, layer thickness 2 mm. Pasting vapor barrier is arranged over a layer of hot mastic by gluing sheets of glassine.
- Screed device from cement-sand mortar or cast sandy asphalt concrete.
On the laid heat-insulating slabs, a screed with a concrete mixture is performed with the obligatory laying of a reinforcing mesh
- At the junctions of the screed to vertical surfaces (sides, pipes), a pairing is performed with a radius of up to 50 mm to ensure high-quality gluing of the finish coating.
- The screed surface is primed with bitumen diluted 2:1. It must be done a few hours after its pouring.
The primer is carried out a few hours after the concrete screed has hardened.
- Sticking sheets of roll coating. Produced by applying mastic and rolling sheets of coating. They need to be pressed to the base and rolled with a roller. When applied by welding, gas burners are used.
Fusion of the finishing coating from rolled materials is carried out using gas burners
Roofing work is carried out at a temperature not lower than -20 o C. At the same time, the supporting surface must be warmed up to +5 o C. This is an energy-intensive operation, therefore roofing work in practice is carried out only in the warm season.
Mastic is supplied to the place of work heated to a temperature of about 180 o (for hot) and 70 o for cold. When working on pitched roofs, the rolled material is rolled along the slope in the direction from the bottom up with an overlap between individual sheets of at least 10 cm.
Video: soft roll roof device
Roof dismantling
In order to install a reliable new roof, in some cases it is necessary to dismantle the old coating.
In this case, some conditions must be observed:
- Suitable outdoor temperature. It is preferable to carry out work at a temperature not exceeding 20 o C. Under such conditions, the roofing materials will not soften excessively and will be removed without destruction.
- To perform the work, you will need tools - a wall chaser and roofing axes.
- The work must be done by well-trained people, as it requires a lot of effort.
Dismantling is carried out in the following order:
- With a layer thickness of up to three centimeters, the roof is cut into squares up to half a meter in size. For this, a shredder is used. Separation of parts from the base of the roof is carried out with roofing axes, using them as wedges and levers.
- With a thicker roofing, it is cut down with axes. The roofing ax is a common tool on which the wooden handle is replaced by a metal one made of a steel pipe with a diameter of about 40 millimeters. It is welded to the ax on the butt and serves as a lever when undermining the cut parts.
Roofing ax is used to remove the old coating
The old roofing material removed from the roof is stored in containers for further disposal.
Video: how to remove old layers of roofing material from the roof
The quality of the coating of the house ensures its long-term operation and comfortable living in it. The choice of soft roll roofing is economically feasible, but requires special attention to the quality of workmanship. Therefore, do-it-yourself work is best done with the participation of an experienced craftsman.
What is the best roofing material? This question first comes to mind to a person who started construction or repair. Going through offers, looking at advertisements for materials for roofing, you can often find information that roll materials- last century.
This is far from true. Roll roofing materials not only firmly hold the old positions, but are being improved, improving their qualities. They are widely used in modern construction. For a flat roof, such materials are perhaps the only solution.
For flat roofs, roll materials are the ideal solution.
In addition, they can be used not only for roofs of any configuration. It is worth getting to know the roll materials closer.
Types of roll materials
Slate, whatever one may say, is simple. Unlike roofing materials that have a rather narrow specialization, roll materials, firstly, in addition to the final roof covering, can be used as waterproofing (for example, foundations and).And secondly, all steam, wind and waterproof building membranes used in the roofing pie and in the construction of ventilated facades are also referred to as roll materials for roofing.
Roll materials, regardless of their purpose, application or material used, are divided into two types:
- soldered or glued. They are glued to the base during installation, for example, using bituminous mastic.
- membrane. They are mechanically fastened and are either vapor-permeable (that is, “breathe”), or an air gap is left during installation for ventilation.
Bituminous roll materials: traditional and modern
Traditionally, roll materials are impregnated with bitumen or tar: roofing felt, roofing material, glassine.
- Ruberoid
Then a topping is applied, for example, from sand: this increases the mechanical strength of the coating and prevents the material from sticking together in the roll.
Ruberoid can be used as an independent roofing (marked with the letter “K”) or as a lining carpet (marked with the letter “P”) when building a built-up or soft roof. It differs in the material and type of dressing (coarse-grained, fine-grained, powdered, flakes), as well as elasticity and resistance to fading in the sun. Depending on the installation method, the roofing material can be both built-up and membrane.
- glassine
This material is similar to glassine, only coal tar was used as an impregnation. Now it is almost not produced and not used due to the fact that tar is a carcinogen.
In modern rolled bitumen materials, cardboard that collapses over time has been replaced with fiberglass, glass cloth or synthetic woven cloth. Polymers were added to the bitumen composition, which improved the properties of the material.
Decorative topping is offered in various colors. It can also be applied in the form of a tile pattern. From a distance, such a rolled flat coating seems voluminous.
The rolled built-up roof with a decorative front surface. Photo from isolux.ru
Depending on the design of the roof, roofing material and other welded materials are laid in several layers glued together (from two to five). Thus, a high degree of wear resistance and waterproofing is achieved.
In addition to bitumen-based materials, polymer membranes have appeared and are becoming more and more popular.
Polymer membranes for roofing
A new word in the roll roof device - polymer waterproofing membranes. Unlike built-on bituminous materials, the polymer film does not stick to the base. Separate sheets of the membrane are welded together at the seams, forming a durable integral coating.
Membrane roofing can be used on roofs of various configurations. However, it is most convenient to make flat roofs and roofs of complex configuration, including domed structures. Polymer membranes are an ideal solution for inverted roofs (flat roofs covered with materials resistant to physical impact and abrasion).
Membrane roof. Photo from the sitetbsspb.ru
The membrane is installed in two ways:
- mechanical - with the help of fungal dowels in the seams of the canvas;
- ballast - so that the canvas is not blown away by the wind, after welding the seams, it is loaded over the entire surface of the roof. For example, a layer of gravel or laying paving slabs, if the roof is in use.
The polymer film can be used not only as a membrane, but also as a glued material. This installation method is used on complex domed roofs.
The advantage of polymer membrane roofs over welded ones, in addition to the service life and reliability of the waterproofing coating, is in the speed of installation and the absence of open fire during work. The seam is welded with hot air, which can be done using a conventional building hair dryer.
When choosing a roofing material, do not look down on rolled roofing materials. Choose consciously, taking into account your requirements and technical conditions, and not so that your neighbor suffers from envy.
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Soft roofing in rolls is the most common type of economy-class roofing. Such materials are used where it is impractical or physically impossible to use other roofs. Often soft roof roll is used on flat roofs.
The installation of such a roof is a sequential laying of several layers of waterproofing carpet, which are glued together. Most often, such roofs are found on reinforced concrete buildings for industrial and civil purposes. Much less often, roll roofing is used for wooden pitched roofs.
Types of roll materials
Soft roof roll, which is now available on the market, is divided into three categories:
GOST soft roof
According to the standards, rolls are produced with a width of 1 m and a length of 7 to 20 m. The exact length of the web depends on the density of the material and the dimensions of the roof. Usually rolls have a thickness of 1 to 6 mm. The colors of the soft roof at the same time have a fairly narrow range.
Roll roofing is equipped only if it is possible to comply with and fulfill all the conditions for creating a reliable and durable coating. These conditions include the angle of inclination of the roof, which should not exceed 10-30 degrees.
Also, according to GOST, roll roofing is classified according to the following criteria:
- according to the structure of the cloth: into baseless and main ones;
- by type of base: on a cardboard, asbestos, polymer, fiberglass or combined basis;
- by type of coating layer components: bituminous, polymeric, bituminous-polymeric;
- according to the type of protective layer: materials with foil, with sprinkling, with a film.
Materials such as roofing material, rubemast and the like belong to the first generation of roll roofing materials. Such a soft roof color has only black. Despite the fact that they have been used in construction for a long time and even today these materials are used quite often, they still do not meet the high requirements of the SNiP soft roof category.
Soft flat roof - device technology
Before laying any type of roof, it is important to carry out certain preparatory work:
- equip the base;
- lay waterproofing;
- prepare mastics and primers.
Work begins with those areas that are at the greatest distance from the place where the material rises to the roof.
The number of layers depends on the angle of the roof slope:
- with a slope of 0 to 5%, 4 layers of material are laid;
- with a slope of 5-15% - 3 layers;
- with a slope of more than 15% - 2 layers.
After these preparatory procedures, proceed to the installation work. For gluing roll materials to the base plane, cold or hot mastics are often used (read also: ""). You can cook them yourself or buy ready-made mixtures in the store.
At the same time, it is worth remembering that cold mastic should be heated to a temperature of 160 degrees before the process of installing the roof.
The hot mastic is heated to 220 degrees, after which various mineral fillers are added to it:
- Tripoli.
- Diatomaceous earth.
- Talc.
Before laying, the roofing material itself is laid on the base and rolled out over the entire surface.
Pasting process
To glue the canvases, it is necessary to use mastics that are designed for a specific roll roofing material. If a bituminous roof is used, then it is glued with bituminous mastics, roofing sheets are glued with tar compounds.
The roll roof installation technology itself should take into account such factors:
- roof pitch;
- the direction of the drain;
- the direction of the prevailing wind;
- average air temperatures.
With a slope of up to 15%, rolled materials are glued from the bottom up, if the slope is more than 15%, then the rolls are rolled out in the direction of water flow from top to bottom.
Lay individual strips of material end to end. At the same time, when laying subsequent layers, it is necessary that the joint of the previous layer be covered with a new layer. With a slope of less than 5%, the joint must overlap by at least 10 cm.
During the installation process, not one roofer of a soft roof takes part, but two:
- stacker;
- brush maker;
Roll roof laying includes checking the quality of gluing materials. To do this, carefully tear off one layer from another. A small gap is acceptable. If the web of material has deviated to the side, then it must be moved in the right direction without tearing it away from the previous layer. If the layer has already stuck and it is impossible to move it, then the already glued part is cut off and re-glued. At the same time, the size of the required overlap is monitored.
In case of formation of blisters over the area of the material, they must be pierced with an awl or cut with a knife. After that, this place is pressed to the base until the mastic flows through the hole. Thus, the surface is sealed after solidification. The canvases are laid in layers, and if cold mastics are used in the work, then at least 12 hours must pass between laying the layers.
Soft roof: technology, device and purpose.
29.08.2018
Modern rolled roofing materials are one of the most popular roofing options in the construction of both low-rise private houses, garages, utility buildings, and urban, industrial, commercial buildings, the roof slope of which ranges from 0 (flat roof) to 30%. Combining reliability, durability, ease of operation and affordable prices, roofing from rolled roofing materials is highly valued by both professional roofing builders and non-professionals who independently build or repair the roof of their own house or garage.
The high demand for reliable and durable, at the same time inexpensive and easy-to-use roofing coverings for various purposes has led to the active development of this area, and the assortment in which rolled roofing materials are presented on the market is quite wide. However, thanks to uniform marking standards, even a non-professional can understand their types and characteristics.
Types of roll roofs
The broadest classification of roll coatings covers all types, united by the form of release (rolls), as well as the purpose (for flat, low-slope roofs):
- bituminous;
- polymer membranes.
The most common and popular in modern construction are bituminous rolled roofing materials with a polyester or fiberglass backing. They are affordable, do not require special training and sophisticated equipment in operation, and are reliable. durable. Different types of rolled roofing materials for the roof are designed for different layers of the roofing cake, they may differ in thickness, type of base and protective layer. All characteristics are reflected in the marking, which makes it easy to pick them up in accordance with any requests.
Marking and characteristics of rolled roofing materials
Each roll of soft roofing produced and sold in Russia carries a certain marking, which indicates: type of base; view of the coating from above and below, characterizing the scope; weight of 1 sq.m of material (not in all cases) and other features. Marking and characteristics of rolled roofing materials make it easy to choose the coating that is optimal for each specific case. A code of letters and numbers carries all the necessary information.
The first letter indicates the type of base used:
- X - fiberglass, has a rather loose structure, coatings based on it have lower strength characteristics and a minimum price;
- T - frame fiberglass, very dense base, providing high strength of the coating;
- E - polyester fabric or polyester, more resistant to stretching (threads withstand stretching up to 50%), providing elasticity of the coating, high elongation to break, which is especially important when working with new buildings, where deformation and shrinkage of structures is possible;
The second letter of the marking carries information about the coating on top. As a rule, this is:
- "K" - coarse-grained dressing, provides good protection against UV radiation, mechanical stress, can be painted in different colors (also indicates that this is a roofing material);
- "P" - a film, prevents sticking of material in a roll. Materials with this marking are used as a lining layer of a roofing carpet or waterproofing.
The third letter of the marking carries information about the coating from below. As a rule, this is the designation of the type of coating that protects the rolls from sticking:
- "P" - film;
- "M" - fine-grained dressing;
- "C" - kaolin suspension.
There is also a number of letter designations, which are much less common, which characterize the specific features of a particular material.
The thickness of rolled roofing materials is indicated extremely rarely. Basically, manufacturers indicate the mass of material per 1 sq.m. canvases. In the marking, it is reflected in the number that is placed after the three-letter code.
Which roofing roll material to choose?
The choice of one or another type of coating depends on many factors - such as the construction budget, the desired service life of the roof (it is clear that the choice of material for roofing a residential building, a garage and a temporary change house will vary greatly), and the question of which roofing roll material to choose for each object decided individually.
The best premium materials such as Filizol provide reliable protection for up to 25-30 years. A more modest service life for the standard class - such as "Filigiz" - however, with a service life of up to 15 years, they are perfect for covering a garage, outbuildings and other facilities, especially if you take into account more than a twofold difference in the cost of a roll. The golden mean can be considered the business class of coatings - "Filikrov" with a service life of up to 20 years and a fairly budgetary cost.
When choosing rolled materials for different layers of the roofing carpet, it is necessary to take into account their compatibility. So in one roof you can combine rolled coatings with different bases, but, for example, the combination of polyester fiber with fiberglass or fiberglass will not allow you to fully use the advantages of polyester, such as high elongation to break. The ideal option is to use layers with the same base - in this case, the tensile strength that the coating can withstand increases by almost 2 times. In this case, the choice of a base with insufficient tensile strength can lead to cracks and a deterioration in the reliability of the coating with the slightest deformation of the base (shrinkage, cracks in the screed, etc.)
When choosing a coating for a future roof, you should pay attention to the way it is laid. The most common on the market are built-up roll materials - their installation requires a gas burner, which melts the lower fusible layer of the web and heats the upper surface of the underlying layer, due to which the bitumen-polymer (or bitumen) layer interpenetrates to achieve a strong connection. It is not recommended to combine bitumen-polymer binders with APP and SBS modifiers - different melting temperatures will not allow them to achieve interpenetration, which is necessary for a reliable connection of the layers, and delamination may occur.
The built-up materials are not suitable for laying on combustible substrates (wooden, OSB and others) due to the use of open flames during installation. In this case, it is better to pay attention to self-adhesive roll coatings - they do not require additional heating, the lower adhesive layer is simply released from the protective film, and natural heat from exposure to solar radiation is sufficient for reliable gluing.
Particular attention should be paid to the choice of the top layer - it is he who bears the maximum load of protection from the effects of negative external factors, such as solar radiation, mechanical stress, and is more susceptible to aging. Here you need to use the best material with the greatest durability (such as Filizol). It can be combined with budget business or standard classes in the lower layers of the roofing pie.
Laying technology
Roofing from rolled materials is a multi-layer "pie", the number of components of which varies from 1-2 for pitched roofs with a slope of more than 15º to 4 (3 lining and 1 roofing) on flat and low-slope roofs with a slope< 15º.
Before the installation of the roof, the base is cleaned and treated with a special mastic, which ensures adhesion of the lower sheet to the base, after which layers of rolled roof are laid, in one direction, with an overlap of at least 100 mm in the side, 150 mm in the end part of the sheets, an overlap on the ridge of at least 300 -400 mm. The marking and calculation of the amount of material upon purchase is done taking into account overlaps. It is easy to calculate the quantity due to the standard size of the web in a roll - 1m. wide, 10m long. The direction of laying depends on the angle of inclination of the slopes - up to 15º the material is laid parallel to the ridge, at a larger angle - perpendicularly. Joints are additionally processed with mastic.
If it is necessary to repair a soft roof, the damage site is thoroughly cleaned of dirt, the coating at the damage site is softened with a building hair dryer, after which a patch is installed on it. When removing swelling, the place of swelling is incised crosswise, the coating is softened with a building hair dryer and cleaned. The place of swelling is filled with molten bitumen, after which a patch is installed, larger than the place of damage. Roll roofing is the best choice for professionals, as well as private builders.