Installation of water supply and sewerage in a private house. Sewerage diagram in a private house: how to do it yourself correctly, design and types of sewer systems. DIY sewer photo

Regardless of whether it is connected a private house to a central or autonomous sewer system, a wastewater disposal system on the street must be equipped independently. Before you begin this work, you need to develop an installation scheme that allows you to avoid minimum size pipelines and sewer network distributions.

This will reduce the cost of purchasing material and increase the efficiency of the wastewater disposal system. Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the depth of pipe laying, the angle of their inclination and the reliability of flange connections, since the performance of the sewage system depends on these parameters.

Connecting a private house to the sewer system

Circumstances and layout of external sewerage

The external part of the sewer system in a private house connects the outlet of the internal drain with a pipeline network to a waste storage tank located on the site, or to the central sewer system. Read about the internal wiring in the house in the article. The laying of external sewer pipes is carried out according to a pre-developed scheme, taking into account the following circumstances:

• terrain features;
• weather;
• remoteness of wells and reservoirs;
• the total volume of wastewater, depending on the number of people permanently residing in the house;
• the depth of soil freezing and its composition;
• access paths for a vacuum truck, if necessary.

In the laying scheme external sewerage It is imperative to provide for its ventilation, since otherwise, over time, unpleasant odors will penetrate into living spaces. Read about the rules for sewer ventilation in the article. Ventilation is arranged using fan pipe, which can be placed on the lid of the septic tank or on a section of the pipeline running from the house to the wastewater storage tank.

Scheme of arrangement of an autonomous external sewerage system

The septic tank is equipped at the lowest point geological relief area of ​​the site. This arrangement allows for the most optimal installation of external sewerage. It should be laid in a straight line to the location of the outlet pipe internal system wastewater disposal.

Choosing a drain location

When choosing a drain location, you should first of all make sure that bad smell did not enter residential premises. As a result, it should be located no closer than five meters from the house. The optimal distance would be ten meters; it is also not worth placing the septic tank too far away, since this significantly increases the cost of carrying out work on laying the pipeline network. The external sewage system should not be connected to the house at a right angle. In addition, the following must be taken into account:

• water sources should be located no closer than thirty meters;
• on the border neighboring plot a septic tank cannot be installed;
• for ease of pumping out sewage, it is better to locate the drain close to the road;
• Particularly careful sealing of the storage tank is needed when soil water is close to each other;
• The laying of the pipeline network is facilitated by the natural slope of the area.

Rules for placing a septic tank on the site

The cesspool for sewage has been used since ancient times. Previously, they did not waste effort on sealing its walls, and when the hole was filled, they covered it with earth and dug a new one. Now the walls are laid out of brick, concrete rings and other building materials.

Liquid fractions of waste seep through the soil at the bottom, filtering; solid components gradually fill the mine, and after some time they need to be pumped out.

Arrangement cesspool it is advisable if the volume of wastewater in a private house does not exceed one cubic meter per day. If this norm is exceeded, pollution will occur. environment.

Instead of a cesspool, you can equip a sealed container to accumulate wastewater. In this case, the bottom and walls of the shaft are thoroughly waterproofed. This prevents the possibility of contamination of soil and drinking water sources. The disadvantage of this system is the need for frequent cleaning, since the sealed container fills up quite quickly.

Deciding on the type of treatment plant

Sewage treatment plants for a private home are equipped in the form of a simple cesspool without a bottom or a sealed container for wastewater. A single-chamber septic tank with soil treatment or a two-chamber septic tank with a filter well can improve wastewater filtration. It is possible to build three chambers with a filtration field, as well as using a biofilter and an air supply system.

Septic tank with filtration from tires

A single-chamber septic tank is essentially a cesspool with a drainage layer. Crushed stone or gravel mixed with sand is poured into the bottom of the well. Passing through the filter layer, liquid waste fractions are purified before entering the soil. After some time, the drainage layer needs to be replaced, as silt deposits are deposited on it. A single-chamber septic tank is suitable for a private house with a small volume of wastewater.

A two-chamber septic tank consists of a storage tank and a filter well, which are connected by an overflow pipe. In the settling tank, the feces are partially clarified and then fall into a shaft with a drainage layer at the bottom. They seep into the soil already sufficiently purified.

A two-chamber septic tank is a popular sewerage option for a private home, as it does not require large financial costs for its equipment and works efficiently.

Installing a septic tank with two or more chambers, as well as a filtration field, virtually eliminates the possibility of environmental pollution. After settling in the first container, the partially clarified wastewater flows through the overflow pipe into the next chamber with anaerobic bacteria that decompose organic residues. Read about how to make a septic tank with your own hands from scrap materials in the article

Having sequentially passed through all sections, the wastewater enters the filtration field, which is an underground area of ​​about thirty square meters, where the final soil cleanup takes place. If available on site free space This method of arranging a sewer system is optimal.

Diagram of a septic tank with a biofilter

A septic tank with a biofilter is a deep sewage treatment station. According to the principle of operation, it is similar to a treatment system with a filtration field, only in this case it is replaced by a water separator and anaerobic bacteria introduced at the outlet of the overflow pipe into the fourth section, which purify the wastewater by approximately ninety-five percent. This water can be used for technical needs.

It is irrational to install deep cleaning stations in private houses with periodic residence, since if the sewerage similar design do not use constantly, the bacteria that decompose organic residues die. In addition, they are quite expensive.

Laying depth of sewer pipes

The depth of soil freezing is a fundamental factor when burying sewer pipes into the ground. They need to be laid below the freezing point, otherwise they will freeze in winter, and it will be impossible to use the sewer until the spring thaw. The appearance of even small ice build-ups on internal surfaces pipelines leads to a decrease in their permeability and the formation of blockages.

Map of standard freezing depths

IN southern regions the depth of laying sewer pipes is fifty centimeters or more, in the central regions - seventy centimeters or more. You need to know exactly the depth of soil freezing in your region so as not to go deeper into the ground than necessary, since in this case the costs of doing the work will increase.

Organization of sewer pipe removal from the house

Organization of output sewer pipe from the house depends on what stage of readiness for operation the building is at. If the house has just been built, the foundation may shrink, so it is necessary to drill a hole in it for the outlet of the sewer pipe with a noticeably larger diameter than the cross-section of the pipe itself.

Options for drainage schemes from the house

If the house is just being built, the outlet pipe can be walled up during the process of laying the foundation. The foundation of a house built several years ago will no longer settle, so the diameter of the hole drilled for the outlet pipe does not need to be increased. Plumbing fixtures should be located at a short distance from the common drain, since in this case it is easier to connect them to the common outlet. If the house has two or more floors, the bathrooms should be placed one above the other, and in this case you can get by with one riser.

Do-it-yourself installation of external sewerage in a private house

The external sewerage system consists of a cleaning tank and a pipeline system connecting the septic tank to the house. Before execution installation work A diagram of the external sewerage system is drawn on the site plan.

Practical options for removing sewerage from the house

Then special pipes with a diameter of at least 100 mm are selected, intended for outdoor use. They are usually orange in color. A trench is dug to lay the pipeline. Its depth is selected depending on climatic features terrain, composition and characteristics of the soil, as well as other factors. If necessary, the pipeline network is insulated.

The most labor-intensive part of the work when installing a sewer system with your own hands in a private house is digging a pit for a cesspool or septic tank. Optimal distance The distance the septic tank is removed from the house is about ten meters.

The volume of the storage tank directly depends on the number of people permanently residing in the house and the frequency of their use of plumbing fixtures.

It is best to connect the storage tank to the outlet of the internal sewer drain in a straight line; bends and turns of the pipeline system increase the likelihood of clogging. For ease of cleaning, a long line in places where the direction changes should be equipped with inspection hatches.
This is what a properly equipped outdoor sewer system looks like

Wastewater moves through pipeline system by gravity, under the influence of gravitational forces, so you need to withstand correct angle tilt If it is too small, large pieces of waste will be retained and the drain will become clogged.

If the slope is too great, solid fractions will be thrown towards the walls of the pipe, and again it will become clogged. You will find information about the correct slope of the sewer in the article

The desired angle is maintained and controlled building level when digging a trench, its depth increases as it approaches the storage tank or central sewer. A shock-absorbing cushion, which is a filling of sand, is placed at the bottom of the ditch, and pipes are laid directly on it. If it is necessary to change the slope angle of the pipes, sand in in the right place pours in.

Important operational parameter sewer system is the depth of the pipeline network. It must be below the freezing point of the soil in a given region. Otherwise frozen in winter wastewater can rupture the pipeline network and disable the sewer system. For repair work We'll have to wait for the spring thaw.

How to properly insulate a pipe

To prevent the occurrence emergency situations In the cold season, it is better to insulate the sewer system. Many have good thermal insulation properties. modern materials, for example polyurethane foam, fiberglass or mineral wool. You can properly insulate a pipe by simply wrapping it with insulation and placing it in a shell made of a mixture of asbestos and cement.

Options for insulating external sewerage

Can also be secured over thermal insulation plastic film. In the cold northern regions To protect sewer pipes from freezing, the insulating layer is additionally equipped with an electric heating system. In any case, the pipeline network must be laid below the level of soil freezing depth, especially if snowdrifts that melt in the spring form on the surface. Interesting experience You can learn more about laying external sewer pipes from the following video.

For comfortable life In a modern private home, amenities are simply a must. In that the main role is given proper sewerage. Making it with your own hands is not easy, but it is possible. To do this you need to have some knowledge.

Sewer installation should begin by drawing up a design for the internal and external systems for wastewater disposal.

Scheme of the internal sewer system

This system must be thought through before the construction of the house begins, at the design stage. The first thing you need to know is how big the container will be where all the waste received for recycling will be processed.

The average volume is from 200 to 250 liters. The next step is to decide on the type of sewage system. According to the rules for building houses, all premises are worth high humidity place in one corner or on top of each other. For example:

Basic rules for organizing internal sewerage

1. No other equipment should be connected to the sewer pipe between the toilet and the riser. This is due to the fact that during flushing, water will be sucked out of all siphons connected to the system. This is why the toilet must be connected to the riser with a separate connection.
2. With the aim of better cleaning sewer pipes, their slope should be from 2 to 15 degrees, this corresponds to 2-15 centimeters per meter of length.
3. You should definitely take care of the ventilation of the risers. Without it, an unpleasant odor will appear after a while. In addition, this will lead to the emptying of siphons and the appearance of air jams in pipes that prevent water from draining. Ventilation should take place separately from the general natural exhaust channel of the house. In order for the ventilation of the risers to work properly, it must be installed half a meter above the roof. A sewer aerator is perfect for this purpose;
4. Sanitary fixtures located on the same floor must be connected to the riser above the toilet connection point. If the fixtures are lower, dirty water will get into them when the toilet is flushed.
5. The riser must have a diameter of 10 centimeters (if a toilet is not connected to it, then it is possible to use a pipe from 5 centimeters).
6. The riser must be soundproofed. To do this, it can be sheathed with plasterboard, placed in a wall niche or closed mineral wool.
7. Pipe bends should be made smooth, 30-60 degrees. It is strongly recommended to avoid 90 degree turns.
8. Each riser must have an inspection hatch at the bottom.
9. All sanitary fixtures, except the toilet, can be connected to a common water outlet pipe. sewer drain.
10. It is important to pave outer pipe below freezing point. In addition, it needs to be insulated. An inspection well is installed for it next to the house. To prevent flooding, a return line is installed in the pipe. sewer valve. General tips for sewer design

To properly design a sewer system, it is important to take into account the location of the house and calculate the distance to the proposed cesspool.

• The most the best option will 5-10 meters.
• You also need to keep in mind that the law provides for the installation of a septic tank at a distance of 4 meters from the neighbor’s property.
• If you build a cesspool too close to own home- this can lead to the destruction of the foundation. If you make a cesspool further than 10 meters from the house, this will cause blockages and other problems in the sewer system.

Important: when drawing up a sewerage diagram, you need to take into account the location of the collector pipe and riser, the topography of the site, its area and soil composition.

It will be necessary to order the preparation axonometric scheme systems, which will help identify and solve installation difficulties. You need to think about turns, pipe sizes, junctions, connections, angles of inclination and elevation.

All risers in the house must be routed to central sewer. In cases where this cannot be done, you need to:

• Set up local treatment facilities near your home. The wastewater will be discharged into the ground. This option is expensive to construct, but cost-effective.
• Water must be drained into a septic tank, and waste must be periodically pumped out and removed. This method will not require large installation costs, but during operation it will cost a pretty penny.

Effluents are cleaned in several ways:

• Aerobic devices-septic tanks- special bacteria that purify wastewater during their life processes. This method is also called septic tanks without pumping.
• Treatment ground structures— equipped with a filter and drainage through the soil layer. Here it is important to take into account the composition of the soil (soil made from sandy loam and sand showed itself to be a good filt, and soil made from clay and loam - according to chemical indicators). This method is suitable for economy class houses.

If up to 1 m3 (the norm for 4 permanent residents in a house) of wastewater is produced per day, then you can arrange filtration well, if more than 1 m 3, then - drainage well .

Design of a sewer system with a filter well

This sewerage option is suitable for areas where it is possible to place a well at a distance of more than 30 metrov wells, the distance from the house and the fence should be at least 2 m, from large bushes and trees - 3 m. Also, the soil must have high filtering properties, so you can use any type of soil except clay. In addition, groundwater must flow at a depth of 1.5 m, that is, be lower than the drainage level.

Local sewerage project, subject to installation in the ground with low filtration rates and high groundwater flow:

• As a result, accumulates in the well warm purified water, which can be used for watering or simply drained in a convenient place.

Design of a treatment system in sandy soil

Sewage scheme for sandy soil

• This option is designed for low level water in the ground, where treated wastewaterpours straight into the water. Crushed stone is needed only to improve the efficiency of the entire system (if absorption is good, then you don’t need to use it). The outlet pipe goes below the freezing point and must be insulated.

External sewerage project with gravity drainage organization

• Most economical option . Due to the absence of pumps, wells and other additions, the cost is reduced to a minimum. This option can be used if the terrain allows and the distance is short.

Design of sewerage with drainage system

This version of the sewerage system is easy and easy to design and install yourself, and it convenient to use. Example project:

The system has a cesspool, with its own installation rules. The septic tank is placed next to the house so that the water entering it does not have time to cool. Under influence increased temperaturedrainsare intensifying decomposition processes waste. If the septic tank is sealed, then it can be installed even in the basement of the house.

Important condition : it is necessary to have a hood through the sewer riser.

In addition, there are leaky cesspools. They must be located at a distance of more than 5 meters from the house.

During design and installation internal sewerage For a private home, no one is immune from errors that can lead to unpredictable consequences, from the appearance of an unpleasant odor to the complete inoperability of the system. Let's consider in this article the concept of internal sewerage in a private house: design and installation rules + analysis common mistakes, arising in the process of all this.

General characteristics of a modern internal sewerage system

Today, the construction of private suburban housing is experiencing a real boom. Therefore, there was a need to create a convenient and modern system sewer system that I could install a common person without a construction education. Such a system should have good performance, since the number of plumbing fixtures producing domestic waste increased significantly. Indeed, with the advent of automatic washing machines, dishwashers, Jacuzzis and showers, the water consumption of an ordinary household increased to 200 liters per person per day.

An increase in the number of plumbing fixtures leads to a significant complication of the pipeline networks. Fortunately, today they use PVC pipes, which are supplied with auxiliary fittings, with the help of which installation of a pipeline becomes no more difficult than making a craft from children's construction set. All these details provide O-rings, which can be easily replaced if necessary.

Internal sewage system is a set of plastic pipes and fittings for their connection, serving to drain wastewater from plumbing fixtures. The devices themselves are equipped with siphons necessary to prevent odor from penetrating into the premises. Pipe laying is subject to strict rules, non-compliance with which is fraught with disruption of the entire system.

Rules for laying pipes during the construction of internal sewerage

The riser serves as the central drainage channel in the entire sewer system of the house. There can be one for the whole house. If the house is too large or the bathrooms are located at a considerable distance from each other, then two or more risers are made. They represent vertically installed pipes, which start in the basement and end on the roof. Bottom part The riser is connected to an inclined pipe of the same or larger diameter, which goes outside into a wastewater storage tank or wastewater treatment plant. The upper part of the riser rises above the roof by at least 0.5 m. It is open or equipped with a check valve. Why this is needed - we will consider further. All inlets leading from plumbing fixtures are connected to risers.

Hydrodynamics of liquids in pipes

The pipe is a cylinder with water moving inside it. When the pipe is completely filled with water, a piston effect occurs. This means that at the top of the water plug the pressure drops sharply, and at the bottom, on the contrary, it increases. In a situation where there is an explosive flush from the toilet tank, the resulting vacuum can suck out all the water from the siphons. This is fraught with the appearance of odors in the premises. On the contrary, as the fluid moves, a overpressure, which is capable of pushing out sewage from devices located below the toilet.

Ignoring the laws of hydrodynamics leads to two common mistakes when designing and installing sewer systems. The first mistake is not using a ventilation device. The background pipe running from the riser to the roof not only removes unpleasant odors, but also serves as a pressure compensator in the system. Indeed, if it is present, the reduced pressure above the water piston will not suck water out of the siphons, but will ensure that air enters the system from the atmosphere, which again levels the pressure.

The second common mistake is that all plumbing fixtures are connected through supply pipes to the riser below the toilet. This is unacceptable, as it will certainly cause sewage to pour into the sink or shower stall when flushed. Similar problems arise when the supply pipes are longer than what is allowed for them. To avoid such troubles, it is necessary to formulate some important rules for installation of intra-house sewerage.

Rules for the installation of intra-house sewage systems, the violation of which is unacceptable

Attention! Violation of the following rules can lead to serious disruption of the internal sewerage system or an emergency situation.

• The connection of the toilet to the riser must be carried out separately from other plumbing devices.
• All other plumbing elements are included in the system above the toilet connection point. Several devices can be located on one supply pipe if their performance allows.
• Any supply pipe must have a diameter no less than that of largest diameter liner from the device.
• The outlet from the toilet has a diameter of 100 mm, therefore, the riser should not be thinner than it.
• The toilet is installed at a distance of no more than 1 m from the riser, and other devices no further than 3 m.
• If the house has a supply pipe longer than 3 m, then it should not be thinner than 70 mm. The liner, which is longer than 5 m, is made from a 100 mm pipe.

If increasing the diameter of the supply pipes is for some reason impossible, then there is a way to circumvent this rule. To do this, it is necessary to bring the end of such a pipe to the roof and equip it with a vacuum valve or loop it onto a riser above all other devices.

Quantitative characteristics of sewer pipe laying parameters

I exist important nuances, compliance with which will ensure the operation of the sewage system in optimal mode:

• The inclination of all horizontal pipes depends on the diameter of their cross-section. The standards say that a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm should be lowered by 3 cm each linear meter length, having a diameter of 100 to 110 mm per 2 cm per meter. Pipes with a diameter of more than 160 mm can be tilted no more than 0.8 cm per linear meter.
• An indicator such as the height difference for a toilet should be 1 m, and for other devices 3 m. Exceeding these parameters should be accompanied by the organization of ventilation at the ends of the corresponding inlets.

Another common mistake is incorrect registration corners If you make 90-degree angles, then as a result of the rebound, a blockage of waste will form in this place, and the pipe will quickly clog. For this reason, it is necessary to create a smooth flow of water at the corners. For this purpose, shaped parts are used that have an inclination angle of 135 degrees.

The fourth mistake is that the vent pipe is brought out not onto the roof, but into the general home ventilation. Such a device will create an unforgettable “aroma” in the entire house, which can only be gotten rid of by redoing the entire system.

In order to prevent the sounds of water moving through the pipes from being heard, it is necessary to arrange sound insulation. To do this, the pipes are wrapped with mineral wool and placed in boxes made of plasterboard sheets. For timely and convenient maintenance, pipes are equipped with inspection hatches every 15 m. The same applies to all turns.

Fifth mistake. The pipe connecting the internal sewerage system and the septic tank is not installed check valve. In this case, if the outdoor disposal units overflow, water can rise up the pipes and flood the basement.

Errors related to connecting siphons

Connection of any plumbing fixture to the sewerage system is carried out through siphons shaped like the letter U. This curved shape allows water to constantly remain in it. It forms a water barrier and prevents odors from penetrating into the room. However, this system stops working when certain errors are made. Main mistake– lack of ventilation. In this case, the vacuum simply sucks the water out of the siphon, allowing odors to wander freely throughout the house. Another reason for the appearance of an unpleasant odor is the banal evaporation of water from the siphon. This happens when the device is rarely used. You just need to plug the rarely used device with a rag.

What calculations are made when planning internal sewerage

Work on designing internal sewerage must be carried out strictly in accordance with the above rules. In addition, to comply with them, certain calculations are required:

• On general scheme indicate the places where this or that device will be located. Its distance from the riser, the diameter of the supply pipe, the mounting option and connection to the sewer are thought out in advance. At the same time they calculate required amount materials.
• Determined by the type of sewer system itself. They are pressure and gravity. Typically, due to simplicity, a system is used in which water flows under the influence of Earth's gravity. The main thing here is to calculate the slope of the pipes according to the rules outlined above.
• According to technical specifications of each sanitary fixture, its instantaneous flow is calculated. The thickness of the supply pipe depends on this indicator. In most cases, a 50 mm pipe is suitable for all devices except the toilet
• Calculate the most optimal location for installing the riser. Most often these are toilets. If there are two of them in the house, in different vertical planes, then it’s better to make two risers.
• The sewerage scheme must be calculated in such a way as to minimize the number of available rotation angles. This will significantly reduce the risk of blockages.

The above calculations, performed correctly, will make the sewage system more efficient and effective even when overloads occur.

What is needed to build an in-house sewerage system

As mentioned above, the main thing in installing a sewer system inside a house is drawing up a detailed drawing indicating all the devices and dimensions of the elements. For installation, sewer pipes made of polyvinyl chloride are used. The arrangement of their ends is such that two pipes can be connected by placing the end of one into the socket of the other. Pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are used for risers, and 50 mm for other devices. To connect with external sewerage apply corrugated pipe, due to its better resistance to ground movements.

The tools usually used are: a saw for cutting plastic pipes, sharp knife and rubber mounting seals. The pipes are cut with a saw, the cuts are aligned and chamfers are made with a knife. Rubber seals inserted into the sockets. To connect pipes into a system, various shaped parts are used:

• Bends or elbows that are needed to form corners. They are produced with a bend of 45 and 90 degrees. Their ends are also equipped with sockets with seals to create tight connections.
• If it is necessary to connect pipe scraps of the same diameter, transition bends are used.
• Tees of various types are fittings for organizing pipe branches.
• Transition couplings are needed to create transitions between pipes of different thicknesses.

A common mistake when installing plastic sewer pipes is ignoring their heating. To make the pipes fit easier and more tightly into each other and into the connecting fittings, the sockets must be heated in hot water.

Sequence of work when installing internal sewerage

Installation of the sewer system inside the house is carried out in the following order:

First, they install risers, leading their ends to the roof and into the basement. They should be located in close proximity to toilets. In the basement, they are connected to an inclined pipe that goes outside into the septic tank, and the upper ends are left open or equipped with check valves.

Secondly, the supply lines from the toilets are brought to the riser. They must be separate.

Thirdly, they connect the supply lines from other devices above the toilet entrances to the risers.

Fourthly, siphons are installed on all devices.

Fifthly, the siphons are connected to the connections.

In conclusion, let’s say that a properly designed and assembled sewer system will work as expected. for a long time without serious problems.

Do-it-yourself sewerage in a private house is, of course, a source of pride for the owner. Although it is quite possible to order a turnkey project, and then the installation will be carried out correctly by specialists high level. After all, in addition to sewerage, a water supply system is required, the installation of which is not an easy task.

• 1 Why do you need a sewer system for a private home?
  • 1.1 Factors influencing the choice of the type of sewage system for a private house
• 2 Types
  • 2.1 Water supply
  • 2.2 Selecting a location for the sewer system

Why do you need sewerage for a private home?

Few of those who live in an apartment have questions about the need for a sewerage system or water supply system. Their installation was completed a long time ago; this is a natural thing for an apartment.

But not every private house can boast of having the same water supply and sewerage system as in multi-storey city apartments. Therefore, sewerage installation in a private house is often done independently.

Why is it needed? It's simple. Sewage and water supply systems provide comfort, coziness, and provide people with the benefits of civilization.

If you are incorporating these systems into a private house construction project, then there should be no problems. It is much more difficult if the sewerage and water supply circuit is installed in an already built house.

The future sewerage project can be carried out according to two schemes:

• There is a shower and sink inside the building, and the toilet is located outside. Such a project is quite simple, since it avoids complex pipeline laying and treatment facilities. The sewer pipe is removed from the house, a simple sewage treatment system is created on the site, that is, a sewer pit;
• Sink, shower and toilet inside. Here, a more complex wastewater treatment system is required so as not to pollute your own area and the water near it with waste. A septic tank will be required.

Factors influencing the choice of type of sewer system for a private house

Pay attention to several important factors that will allow you to correctly select a sewer system for a private home and use a suitable project to create a water supply and drainage of wastewater:

• The house is used for temporary or permanent residence;
• The number of people regularly living in the house;
• Daily water consumption, taking into account all consumers (faucets, shower, toilet, washing machine, Dishwasher etc.);
• Location level groundwater;
• The size of the plot, which determines available space for cleaning system;
• Soil type, its structure;
• Climatic features;
• SNIP requirements.

Kinds

In general, all sewerage systems can be divided into only two types:

• Cumulative;
• Wastewater treatment systems.

But it would be correct to consider a more detailed classification, since the difference between similar sewerage and water supply systems can be significant.

1. Cesspools that have no bottom. Such a sewage system for a private house is relevant only if there are people in it for 5-6 days a month, without wasting a large number of water. The groundwater level must be about a meter below the pit, otherwise water contamination cannot be avoided. A less popular option today.
2. Storage sealed containers. An option to solve the problems of high groundwater levels. The soil is protected from pollution. But there is a drawback - you will have to often call a pumping machine. And for this purpose, the place is calculated correctly so that the car can easily drive up and pump out the waste.
3. Single-chamber septic tanks. The simplest option for soil cleansing, which is not much different from a cesspool. If people constantly live in the house and actively use water, it is not recommended to choose such a project. This is a system for temporary residence where the groundwater depth is low.
4. Two-chamber septic tanks. Such a project is allowed to be implemented only if the depth of the groundwater allows it to be 1 meter lower than the bottom of the second tank even during a flood. Approximately every 5 years, the crushed stone and sand used for installation must be changed.
5. A septic tank equipped with a filtration field. This system includes biological and soil treatment simultaneously. The container is divided into two sections. It is allowed to install such a sewer system when groundwater is at a level of at least 2.5-3 meters. Requires large enough free space, is located at least 30 meters from the nearest water sources and neighboring buildings.
6. Septic tanks with biofilters. Almost best scheme for private houses with permanent residents. Special microorganisms are added by simply pouring them into the toilet. There are no special restrictions, but an electrical connection is required.
7. Systems with forced submission air. So-called aeration tanks, which are expensive, but largely worth the investment. They have no restrictions on installation, but require permanent residence of people and a source of electricity. The minimum price of the system is about 4 thousand dollars.

Water supply

In many ways, it is possible to implement one or another sewerage project based on the water supply system. If there are problems with it, it will be difficult to create an effective drainage of wastewater.

Many people prefer to use concrete rings to create wells and boreholes. The installation of concrete rings is carried out by specialists using the appropriate equipment and machinery.

First, develop a water supply project, which will allow you to decide what kind of sewage system will be on your site.

The laying of concrete rings, the depth of which depends on the occurrence of groundwater, is trusted on a turnkey basis. Turnkey work is the most profitable and rational. It is unlikely that you will be able to organize a well on your own.

In some situations, you can avoid the use of concrete rings - a private house is connected centralized system water supply This is not uncommon today. But it is important to note that your own well has its advantages:

• This is your individual water source;
• Ordering a turnkey project for drilling a well and laying concrete rings is not as expensive as it seems at first glance;
• The quality of water from a well is significantly higher than that supplied through contaminated pipes of a centralized system;
• The purpose of concrete rings is not only to give and maintain the shape of the well, but also to keep the water clean;
• Connecting a pump to the well is not difficult. Through it, water will flow into your home and ensure the operation of all water supply and sewerage systems.

Choosing a location for the sewer system

We figured out that organizing a turnkey well and installing concrete rings - profitable solution for a private home and creating a water supply.

Since sewerage and water supply are inextricably connected systems, it is extremely important to choose the right location for the first one.

By selecting suitable site, you will ensure the sewer system is more efficient and safe work. You need to focus not only on SNIP, but also on some other nuances:

1. Slope of the land. The drain will drain faster and not create clogs if you slope it. It is also reasonable to use the unevenness of the site itself for this purpose.
2. Despite the types of systems, each sewerage scheme provides for periodic pumping of waste. Some require ongoing drainage activities. Therefore, consider the possibility of convenient access for the sewer truck, so that it does not damage the area, but at the same time calmly approaches the hatch.
3. Locate the system away from residential buildings, buildings, fences and water supply systems. Protecting the concrete rings will definitely not be enough to prevent waste seeping through the soil from getting there.

Who knows, maybe you will be able to do without rings, organize simple system sewerage and spend a minimum of effort and money. Some projects must be completed on a turnkey basis, since it is simply impossible to implement them with your own hands.

If you are going to call the experts, make sure that they are professionals in their field. Complex sewerage equipment requires in experienced hands during installation, and also requires users to adhere to certain operating rules. This is the only way the sewerage and water supply systems will work long and efficiently.

A private house that is not equipped with a sewerage system is not very convenient for living, especially in cold weather. You have to wash in a basin and run to the toilet in the rain and frost. But what should a person do who bought an estate that is not equipped with such benefits of civilization? And he will only have to solve a couple of questions:

• Install sewerage inside the house.
• Install an external drainage system.

In this article we will take a closer look at the main methods of laying sewerage in private property. The types of waste systems and some recommendations for their construction will be presented and described.

general information

If the housing is located in locality, which is equipped central system sewerage, then it will be enough to issue a package permitting documents for connection, create an insertion plan, as well as a diagram according to which pipes and sanitary installations will be placed, and produce the entire volume necessary work. But if there is no central line, then the situation becomes much more complicated, and the list of issues that will have to be resolved becomes much longer. First, you need to decide what type of autonomous sewage system will be for a private house:

• septic tank;
• storage pit;
• filtration well.

Secondly, what will be the volume of the container in which the wastewater is collected. It will depend on the number of people using the sewer system and its type. Third, determine the type. What will it be internal or free-flow? Fourth, where will it be located? local construction, collecting or treating wastewater. Now let’s look at the solution to these issues in order.

How is sewerage installed inside buildings in private houses?

This issue is easier to solve than others. New technologies allow placement regardless of the distance to sewer pipes. And if it is impossible to drain the wastewater by gravity, you can use a device that provides forced drainage (special installation). This option has many positive aspects:

Which one is better to use?

To make a sewer system in a private house, the best option can be called plastic pipes gray. If you plan to hide them in a solid wall, it is better to connect them using welding or a press fitting. Such pipes have several important positive qualities:

1. They are not subject to corrosion.
2. on their internal walls plaque does not accumulate.
3. The service life of such products is tens of years.
4. They do not require additional maintenance.

Laying rules

Construction of an external drainage system

Information on how sewerage is installed in private houses is presented in detail. regulations SanPin and SNiP. The following points must be taken into account:

1. Treatment facilities are located at least 10 meters from the foundations and 8 meters from the adjacent site.
2. The distance to the drinking water intake is at least 20 m.
3. The drainage system is installed below the water intake.

Cesspools

If the number of residents does not exceed 1-2 people, then it is more profitable to install a sewer system in a private house with access to it. It is a sealed structure or container designed to collect wastewater. This simplest design for similar needs. The walls are made of wood, brick or stone. They are coated with greasy clay, and the floor is concreted; it is best to make the top floor also concrete with a hatch for cleaning.

Septic tank

This is an installation that is designed not only for collecting, but also for treating wastewater. Typically, a biological anaerobic system is used. You can do it yourself. But you can purchase, for example, such as an autonomous sewer system for a private house "Topas". In the case of ready-made factory systems, if there is a need to increase throughput drain, you just need to install another container. Homemade septic tank represents enough complex design, which purifies wastewater through a special drainage system. First, a well is dug with a volume equal to three daily inflow volumes. In this case, the sewerage scheme in a private house should provide for the location of this well at a distance of 5 to 20 meters from the house. Its walls should be lined with blocks, stone or bricks and insulated, and the floor should be filled with concrete.

Most often the septic tank has round shape and walls a quarter of a meter thick. The drainage network must be located at least 30 meters from the house and below the water intake level. The sewer pipe must enter the well at least 1.5 meters from the soil surface, depending on the level to which the soil freezes. But at the same time, the level of the pipe entry into the well should be several centimeters higher than the drainage exit level. Wastewater is discharged from the septic tank through tees. Their upper ends are left open, and cleaning pipes of the same cross-section are installed above them. Pipes are connected to the lower edges of the tees, ending half a meter below the wastewater level in the septic tank.

Filtration wells

Such facilities provide for wastewater treatment mechanically. usually used on sandy soils. Sand, gravel and clay are poured around them. The sewerage scheme in a private house using filtration wells involves installation deep into the ground, below aquifers drainage pipe. At the same time, wastewater, passing through a natural soil filter - gravel, sand and clay, is purified and goes into the ground. Naturally, before installing sewerage in private houses based on the operation of a filtration well, you should choose appropriate place for the placement of this structure. First of all we dig required size foundation pit For example, for a family of 4 people, you will need a volume of 10 m 3 (size approximately 3x1.8x2 meters). The bottom of the pit is filled with sand and gravel, where the structure needs to be installed or built. During construction, we make holes for the entrance of the sewer pipe, ventilation outlet, overflow and disposal of treated waste. When this structure is ready, the pipeline should begin to be drawn to it.

Laying an external sewer line

We carry out sewerage in a private house to the filtration well in two ways: either by digging a trench, or by the trenchless method using a pneumatic installation. Pipes for external network It's better to use plastic ones. They should be laid in trenches on a bed of sand and gravel; with the trenchless method, this, of course, is not necessary. Regarding the construction sewer wells, then they should be done every 15 meters, and the first one from the house should be at a distance of 12 meters. A well should also be built at every turn of the highway. The depth at which the sewer pipeline must be laid is at least 80 cm. If it is less, it is necessary to insulate it in order to prevent freezing during the cold season.

In this article, we examined in detail how sewerage is installed in private houses, and we can say that this matter is not so difficult and is quite within the capabilities of a responsible and hardworking person who is ready to do everything on his own, if available. quality materials and the necessary tools.