Productivity of Chinese cabbage at different growing times. Business in growing Chinese cabbage
Chinese cabbage can be successfully grown in all types of protected soil as an independent crop or in the form of compaction of cucumber or tomato, and under small shelters - zucchini. Distinctive feature Chinese cabbage- its rapid growth. Growing season equals 50 days. If it is harvested in the phase of 5...7 leaves, the harvest ripens in 30...35 days, and to obtain heads of cabbage with an open rosette it takes 60...80 days.
Botanical characteristics Chinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage is an annual, early-ripening plant. The leaves are collected in a dense rosette, which can reach a diameter of 30...50 cm. The leaf blade is light green or yellow-green, wrinkled, slightly pubescent. The leaf petioles are flat, thick and very wide - up to 3...6 cm, white. A rosette of leaves or heads of cabbage tightly folded from leaves, open at the top, are used for food.
Biological features of Chinese cabbage. The culture is demanding on soil fertility and moisture. The most favorable conditions for growth and development are low temperatures of 15...18° and plenty of moisture. Plants shoot quickly when the day is long, but the leaves do not lose their tenderness even when flowering.
Chinese cabbage can be successfully grown in all types of protected soil as an independent crop or as a compaction of cucumber or tomato. IN winter time it grows much better than lettuce and produces a higher yield.
The timing of sowing seeds in open ground is determined by the ripeness of the soil and the possibility of its cultivation. For autumn consumption, Chinese cabbage is sown in late July - early August, often used as a compactor for mid-late varieties white cabbage.
Sowing seeds. IN open ground seeds are sown with row spacing of 20 centimeters. If you plan to harvest the crop at a young age. When growing until the head forms, the distance is increased to 35...50 centimeters. The distances in the row in the first case are 3...4 centimeters, in the second - up to 20...25 centimeters. The rate of sowing seeds in the ground is 4...5 g per 10 m2, in a greenhouse - 5...6 g.
The seedlings are first thinned out to a distance of 8…10 cm, then, after a week, through one plant. Plants removed during thinning can be used for food. Chinese cabbage plants develop better early spring period in greenhouses and greenhouses, where the cruciferous flea beetle is less harmful. Care consists of weeding, watering and loosening the soil between the rows.
Chinese cabbage is also grown as seedlings. 25-day-old seedlings are planted at the same time as early-ripening varieties of white cabbage. Planting pattern 20...25X10...12 centimeters.
Successful cultivation of Chinese cabbage is ensured by following optimal modes humidity and temperature. During the formation of a rosette of leaves and heads of cabbage, the daytime temperature is maintained at 14...18°, and at night - 8...12°. Air humidity on a sunny day should be 70...80%, on a cloudy day - 60...70%, at night - 80%. Soil moisture - 60...70%. If the regimes are violated, the leaves are affected by necrosis, black, gray and white rot, as a result of which a normal head of cabbage does not form.
Harvesting Chinese cabbage. Leaf forms of Chinese cabbage are harvested in two terms. When 4...5 leaves are formed, they are removed in order of thinning, leaving a distance between plants of 8...10 centimeters. When 9...10 leaves have formed on the remaining plants, they are harvested a second time, pulling them out of the soil with roots. When harvesting is delayed, plants form flowering shoots, causing the quality of the product to deteriorate slightly.
The yield of Chinese cabbage in protected soil is 16...18 kilograms per square meter, in open ground 4…5 kilograms.
A person who has tried Chinese cabbage at least once will probably buy it again. Its tender and juicy leaves are somewhat reminiscent of salad in taste. This vegetable is always in great demand. Peking cabbage, which does not require special knowledge to grow and care for, can generate good income. You will learn how to make a profit from it in this article.
What are the benefits of Chinese cabbage?
Juicy heads of cabbage are used to prepare salads, borscht, cabbage rolls and other tasty and healthy dishes. It is an indispensable supplier of minerals and vitamins, which the human body cannot do without. This vegetable contains much more protein than its other relatives. It is worth noting that growing Chinese cabbage can be done by any novice gardener who wants environmentally friendly fresh products on his table.
Best commercial varieties
Experienced plant growers believe that growing Chinese cabbage in open ground or in a greenhouse is enough profitable business which brings good income. The most important thing is to choose the right crop varieties that are cultivated in the climatic conditions of your region.
For growing Chinese cabbage in a greenhouse, the early-ripening semi-pumped variety Vorozheya is more suitable. It gives a yield of 4 kg per 1 sq. meters. In addition, you can purchase Rodnik, a hybrid of F1 Parkin and TSHA2. Another early ripening variety is Khibinsky. It can be used to grow Chinese cabbage from seeds in open ground and in greenhouses. This variety is characterized by high yield and resistance to high temperatures. Some farms prefer to use leaf forms Kudesnitsa and ChaCha.
Technology
To get a good harvest, you need to study the technology of growing Chinese cabbage and become familiar with all the nuances.
In a heated greenhouse, the first heads of cabbage are cut at the end of May, and the second, in the last ten days of November. If you plant spring varieties in the spring or, conversely, the seedlings may shoot up. Pay special attention to this.
The harvest in open ground will be early if you use the seedling method. Since the seedlings are too tender, they cannot be picked. Seeds are sown in separate cups of 2-3 pieces. After 2-3 leaves appear, the strongest seedling is left, and excess plants are removed.
You can plant Chinese cabbage in open ground after the sprout has produced 5-6 leaves. The distance between seedlings should be 40-50 cm. When they begin to grow, the leaves can be thinned out and used for making salads. In autumn, the crop is grown from seeds. To avoid shooting, for autumn growing should be taken leaf varieties. To protect crops from cruciferous flea beetle, you should sprinkle them with ash or plant mint, celery or thyme nearby.
Disadvantages and advantages of business
Since the demand for vegetables is constantly growing, a Chinese cabbage business with the right approach will bring good profits.
Growing this crop has many advantages:
- The yield, depending on the growing conditions of Chinese cabbage and its variety, can reach 900 centners per hectare;
- This culture is resistant to low temperatures, so it can be grown in almost all regions of our country. The plant can withstand frosts of -5–7 degrees;
- The high wholesale price of the products ensures good profits. From crops covering an area of 5 hectares, you can get 300 tons of cabbage worth 6 million rubles;
- The plant produces a harvest in 50–70 days. This allows you to grow 2-3 crops in one season.
There are no problems with the sale of products.
Flaws:
- Culture susceptibility to diseases;
- The harvest largely depends on the fertility of the soil;
- Harvesting must be done within 2 weeks, otherwise the cabbage will begin to rot on the vine.
Registration of activities
To legalize your earnings from selling Chinese cabbage, you need to register as an individual entrepreneur or peasant farm. As for taxation, choose a single agricultural tax. You don't need any licenses or permits.
Business plan and profitability
Since the methods of growing Chinese cabbage can be different, when drawing up a business plan you need to take this important point into account.
In addition, enter all monthly expenses into it:
- Rent of land;
- Workers' salaries;
- Taxes;
- Fuel and lubricants and spare parts.
The profitability of a business, as with , largely depends on the yield and size of the sown area. In some cases it reaches 50%.
Expenses
To organize farming, you need to invest money in your business. To grow produce on areas larger than 5 hectares, you will need:
- Tractor – 1 million rubles;
- Machine for planting seedlings – 200 thousand rubles;
- Seeds – 5 thousand rubles;
- Fertilizers – 15 thousand rubles;
- Packaging – 15 thousand rubles;
- Vegetable storage rental – 200 thousand rubles.
In total, you will have to invest about 1.5 million rubles in your business. This is the approximate investment amount. To save money, you can buy used equipment, which will cost half as much. To grow Chinese cabbage at home on a small plot of land, you will only need funds to purchase seed material.
Sales of products
If you provide correct landing and care for Chinese cabbage, it will delight you good harvest. It can be sold throughout the year. The price of this vegetable ranges from 30 to 50 rubles per 1 kg. The weight of one head of cabbage is about 1 kg or more.
Your main clients could be:
- Supermarkets;
- Vegetable stalls;
- Restaurants;
- Schools;
- Hospitals.
If you decide to start such a business, first of all, analyze the market in your region and find sales ways, and only after that start working. Demand for vegetables increases in autumn. By this time, the sown area should be significantly increased.
Growing Chinese cabbage
- If you have been studying and decided to change the direction of your activity, you can safely switch to Beijing. This unpretentious culture will bring you excellent profits. It is stored longer and can produce 2-3 harvests in one season;
- If you do not have initial capital, you can contact the bank and apply for a preferential loan for agricultural producers. In addition, the state provides support to beginning farmers. As part of this program, you can receive 1.5 million rubles in free assistance for or other crops;
- To collect your seeds, leave the strongest plants until they are fully ripe. Remember that they can cross-pollinate with rutabaga or turnip;
- Heads of cabbage are stored in polyethylene with open ends. In this form they remain fresh until the next harvest.
conclusions
Growing this crop for sale has its advantages and disadvantages. But, despite this, this line of business is considered quite profitable and promising. High price and good demand ensure its high profitability. With a competent approach
Chinese cabbage is an unpretentious vegetable crop that can produce two harvests during the entire warm season. Even an inexperienced summer resident can grow it. This plant is easy to care for. Chinese cabbage is absolutely not capricious, it grows quickly, stores well, is very healthy and has excellent taste.
But there is also in its cultivation negative points. In the first place, of course, are pests - slugs and cruciferous flea beetles. It's not easy to get rid of them. They can ruin a large amount of crops. And the second problem is shooting. Sometimes cabbage cannot form a full head of cabbage.
To overcome these problems, it is necessary to become more familiar with the peculiarities of growing this vegetable crop.
Timing for planting Chinese cabbage: how to avoid bolting
To prevent Chinese cabbage from going to waste, it is necessary to plant it at a certain time. Favorable conditions for flowering and seed formation - this is a large amount of light during a long daylight hours. Means best time for planting cabbage it is early spring (about mid-April) or mid-summer. At this time, the daylight hours are a little shorter and there is no need to worry about blooming.
Experienced breeders also met gardeners halfway in solving this problem and bred Dutch hybrid varieties, which are not at risk of shooting.
Beijing cabbage is an early ripening vegetable, but it also has early, medium and late varieties. Depending on the variety, it ripens from forty to eighty days.
Growing Chinese cabbage: basic agricultural technology
You can grow this type of cabbage using seeds or seedlings. The seed method is used less frequently, while the seedling method is considered more reliable.
Growing Chinese cabbage through seedlings
Chinese cabbage seeds can be planted twice a year - at the end of March (for seedlings) and at the end of June (for use in winter). This culture reacts poorly to picking and finds it difficult to take root in a new place. That is why it is recommended to grow seeds in individual containers.
Small pots are filled with a special loose soil mixture. It may consist of peat and turf land(in equal quantities) or coconut base and humus (in a two to one ratio). Each seed is planted to a depth of about one centimeter and the containers are left in a warm room. Very soon (in 2-3 days) young shoots will appear.
Once they appear, the plants will need good lighting and moderate watering. In about a month, the seedlings will have 5 full leaves. This means it’s time to transplant the cabbage into the beds. The area should be unshaded and well lit.
Should be considered vegetable predecessors. It would be good if onions, garlic, carrots or potatoes were grown in this area before cabbage.
Growing Chinese cabbage without seedlings
The seeds are planted in separate holes to a depth of one and a half to two centimeters, after adding five hundred milliliters of humus and two tablespoons. wood ash. Fill them with a small amount of water. The distance between the beds and holes is approximately the same (about 30 centimeters). The top of the wells is crushed with ash and covered with a transparent film. The first shoots will appear in about a week.
Care, watering, feeding of Chinese cabbage
Chinese cabbage prefers to grow in a well-lit place with high humidity and in cool temperature conditions. The most favorable temperature regime for this crop is 15-20 degrees Celsius. If the air temperature becomes less than thirteen or more than twenty-five, then bountiful harvest you can't even dream about it.
Experienced gardeners recommend using non-woven fabric for covering plants. Such a “blanket” will protect plants that have not yet matured from unexpected frosts and sudden changes in temperature. Cold can destroy young Chinese cabbage seedlings.
In hot and dry weather, a canvas cover will create a shady area for the vegetable crop and protect it from overheating.
If the summer comes with heavy and prolonged rains, then a linen cover will protect the cabbage from rotting. Excess moisture cannot do cabbage any good.
One more thing positive quality Such a covering is protection from pests. The cruciferous flea flea does not immediately detect its favorite treat.
To protect the plant from weeds, you need to mulch the soil. Mulch can be spread on cabbage beds about half a month after planting seedlings in open ground. This layer of organic matter helps maintain soil moisture for a long time and prevents weeds from growing.
Watering is carried out abundantly, use only warm water. One abundant watering every 7 days is enough.
The amount of fertilizing depends on the timing of cabbage planting. The “spring” crop is fed three times, and the “summer” crop – twice. Fertilizers are applied by watering and spraying. For nutritious irrigations, various infusions are used:
- Add 1 liter of mullein to 10 liters of water.
- For 20 liters of water – 1 liter of bird droppings
- For 9 liters of water – 1 kilogram of fresh grass
Each Chinese cabbage seedling needs one liter of infusion.
Spraying with a solution of water and boric acid contribute better education ovaries You need to dissolve two grams of boric acid in one liter of boiling water, and then add cold water(9 liters).
A positive quality of Chinese cabbage is that it can become infected with some disease only in very rare cases. This vegetable crop grows very quickly and simply does not have time to get sick.
And here negative side- these are two constant pests that love to feast on this type of cabbage. It is very difficult to fight the cruciferous flea beetle and slugs, and it is rarely possible to win. There is only one way out - preventive measures, which will scare away pests and keep them away from the beds:
Boarding time. Cabbage should be planted at a time when the cruciferous flea beetle is still or no longer present - this is April or July.
Use of covers. For example, non-woven fabric will be a good protection against pests.
Wood ash. After planting the seeds, it is necessary to dust the beds with ash - this will scare away cruciferous flea beetle.
Maintaining crop rotation. Seedlings and seeds of this crop should be planted only in those beds where other cruciferous vegetables did not grow. Pest larvae are not afraid of harsh winters; they remain in the soil until the new season. Therefore, plant cabbage after root crops, onions, garlic, and potatoes.
Joint plantings. Try to confuse the cruciferous flea beetle - plant cabbage along with other vegetables. It will grow well next to cucumbers and tomatoes, with onions and garlic. The pest will be confused.
If preventive actions were not carried out, and the flea still appeared on the site, then various insecticidal or biological products will come to the rescue (these are Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin, Actellika and others). You can use the preparations approximately 30 days before harvesting cabbage.
The second annoying pest is the slug. It is almost impossible to get rid of it; great efforts must be made to combat it. The experience of gardeners and traditional methods helps here:
- Treatment of Chinese cabbage with a special dry composition made from wood ash (500 milliliters), table salt(2 tablespoons), mustard powder (1 tablespoon) and chili powder (2 tablespoons).
- Using burdock leaves or boards to lure slugs under them, after which the pests are destroyed.
- Water the beds with a solution of water with brilliant green (one bottle per 10 liters of water).
Storing Chinese cabbage
Chinese cabbage is a frost-resistant plant that continues to grow even with the onset of light frosts (down to about minus four). Therefore, harvesting can be carried out even in mid-October.
You can determine the maturity of cabbage by the condition of the head of cabbage; it should be very dense. This type of cabbage can be safely cut. You just need to take into account that for long-term autumn-winter storage cabbage spring planting not intended. It is better to use it in summer time. But summer-planted vegetables are stored for a very long time, sometimes until spring.
The storage temperature of Chinese cabbage should be low (about 5 degrees Celsius). In order for the vegetable to retain moisture and juiciness, each head of cabbage is wrapped in transparent film for food products.
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PRODUCTIVITY OF PEKING CABBAGE AT DIFFERENT GROWING TIMES
ON THE. Kolpakov
Chinese cabbage has important positive economic and biological properties. Thanks to precocity and chemical composition it can replace white cabbage in the spring. Eating Chinese cabbage has a beneficial effect on digestion and human health.
In the northern provinces of China, the share of Chinese cabbage in population consumption is winter months accounts for up to 80% of total vegetable consumption. In Japan, the area under it is 30,000 hectares, in Korea - about 70,000, in Germany in some years it increased to 1,000 hectares.
However, in Russia, Chinese cabbage began to be introduced into commercial vegetable growing relatively recently. For a long time its spread was hampered by the lack of varieties and hybrids that are resistant to stemming when grown in open ground under long-day conditions.
Interest in this crop is associated with a number of its economically valuable characteristics: early ripening (forms commercial heads of cabbage in 48-75 days), high yield commercial heads of cabbage (from 40 to 50 t/ha), valuable biochemical composition (rich in vitamins, mineral salts, amino acids, including essential ones), various ways food use: fresh, boiled, stewed, pickled.
IN Western Siberia Chinese cabbage is still little known. At the same time, the climatic conditions of the region are very favorable for its cultivation. The main limiting factors in the spread of this crop are weak popularization among the population and the lack of scientifically based recommendations for its cultivation in the region.
The purpose of our work was to determine optimal timing planting seedlings to obtain maximum yield of Chinese cabbage in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia.
OBJECTS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH
The development of technology elements for growing Chinese cabbage in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia was carried out in 2005-2007. at the West Siberian vegetable experimental station. The experiment was carried out on the F1 Nika hybrid, bred at the breeding station named after. N.N. Timofeev RGAU-MSHA named after. K. A. Timiryazeva.
The soil of the experimental plot is represented by ordinary chernozem, medium-thick, medium-loamy. The humus content is 3.8-4.5%, the pH of the salt extract is 6.9, the amount of absorbed bases is 35.3 mEq/100 g of soil, the supply of phosphorus and potassium is high. Groundwater are located at a depth of 10 m from the soil surface.
The air temperature during the years of research was close to the long-term average data with slight fluctuations from year to year. The hottest month was July 2006, average daily temperature air exceeded the long-term average norm by 1.4-2.4°C.
Precipitation over the years of research was very unstable: 2007 was dry, and 2005 and 2006. - moderately dry. In July 2006, there was an excess of the average long-term precipitation norm by 2 times and amounted to 137 mm, while the norm was 67 mm.
The seedlings were grown in pots in film greenhouses, then they were planted on a plot of open ground according to a 70 x 30 cm pattern. The seedlings were 30 days old. The area of the recording plot is 5 m2, the experiment was repeated four times.
For each experimental variant, the dates of sowing, single (10%) and mass shoots (75%), planting in open ground, the beginning of the formation of heads of cabbage (in 10% of plants) and the onset of technical ripeness of heads of cabbage (in 75% of plants) were noted.
The duration of periods of plant development was counted from the moment of emergence of mass shoots.
When harvesting, the stump was cut at a distance of 0.5 cm from the head of cabbage. Household waste - leaves, flowering and underdeveloped heads of cabbage - were not weighed. The average weight of a marketable head of Chinese cabbage was determined by dividing the total weight of the harvest from the plot by the number of heads.
RESEARCH RESULTS
The use of different sowing dates for Chinese cabbage when grown by seedlings revealed significant differences in the duration of interphase periods depending on the date of sowing seeds for seedlings (Table 1).
Chinese cabbage cultivation yield
Table 1 - Duration of periods of development of Chinese cabbage plants (average for 2005-2007), days
|
Sowing date |
Shoots - beginning of head formation |
Shoots - the onset of technical ripeness |
|
Analyzing the presented data, it can be noted that during the spring sowing dates of seeds (April - May), there is a gradual acceleration in the formation of heads of cabbage as later sowing dates are used. Thus, over the years of research, when sowing on April 1-4, the duration of the period from germination to the onset of technical ripeness was 87-94 days, and when sowing on May 24-25, mass ripening of heads of cabbage was observed after 67-76 days.
More late dates sowing (June - July) led to an increase in the duration of periods both from germination to the beginning of head formation, and to the onset of technical ripeness.
As the results of experience have shown, the use seedling method cultivation ensures the ripening of Chinese cabbage in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia already in early July. The size of the harvest and the average weight of a head of Chinese cabbage vary greatly and depend on the timing of crop cultivation (Table 2).
Table 2 - Productivity of Chinese cabbage with seedling cultivation method (average for 2005-2007)
|
Safety for harvesting, % |
Productivity, t/ha |
Average weight of a head of cabbage, kg |
||||
|
Planting seedlings |
||||||
Note. NSR05: 2005 - 1.8 t/ha; 2006 - 2.3 t/ha; 2007 - 2.1t/ha.
In general, higher yields are observed when using early spring sowing of seeds for seedlings. The highest yield of Chinese cabbage (64.9 t/ha) on average over three years was obtained when sowing seedlings at the beginning of the second ten days of April and planting seedlings on May 15-17.
The June timing of planting seedlings led to a decrease in the yield of Chinese cabbage to 48.9 t/ha. This is due to the low level of preservation of plants for harvesting (64.2-75.8%) due to the worse survival rate of seedlings and the severe degree of damage to the rosette of leaves by apical burn due to the influence high temperatures during the period of development of the vegetative mass of plants and setting of heads of cabbage. On Negative consequences Chinese authors also indicate exposure to high temperatures (above +25°C) for setting heads of Chinese cabbage.
Using later dates for planting seedlings allows you to avoid the effects of high air temperatures during the period of active leaf growth and head formation, so cabbage yields increase slightly. However, late planting dates (after August 20) in the conditions of Western Siberia are too risky, since the heads of cabbage may not set.
The use of different growing periods for Chinese cabbage also influenced the size of the heads. The highest average weight of heads of cabbage (1.4-1.60 kg) was formed when seedlings were planted on May 15-17, June 27-29 and July 22-25.
In our opinion, this is due to various temperature conditions during the development of vegetative mass and plant density before harvesting.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of seedling cultivation method allows, in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia, to obtain high yields Chinese cabbage from early July to mid-October.
The June timing of planting seedlings reduces the yield of Chinese cabbage by 25% due to exposure to high temperatures during the period of development of the vegetative mass of plants and setting of heads.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST
1. Circle G. Vegetable growing / per. with him. IN AND. Leunova.- M.: Kolos, 2000.- 576 p.
2. Grinberg E.G., Gubko V.N., Vitchenko E.F. Vegetables in Siberia. - Novosibirsk: Sib. Univ. publishing house, 2004.- 400 p.
3. Kuo C.G., Tsay J.S. Physiological responses of Chinese cabbage under high temperature // N.S. Talekar and T. D. Griggs. eds. Chinese cabbage. Proc. First Intl. Symp. AVRDC. - Shanhua. Tainan, 1981. - P. 217-224.
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Recently I decided to look at what they write on gardening websites about cultivation. Chinese cabbage. I read it and realized that almost all the authors did not grow this vegetable themselves. My article contains only my own many years of experience.
In supermarkets there is imported cabbage for sale; its shape is somewhat reminiscent of a rugby ball.
Therefore, consumers have the erroneous opinion that it is grown only because it resembles a head of ordinary white cabbage. Only the taste is more pleasant, the leaves are more tender, the veins are not rough.
Beijing cabbage - variety of varieties
For myself, I roughly divided it into groups.First group: kale. I have never seen leafy varieties on the shelves of retail outlets, although such varieties also exist. They are beneficial for growing in early spring.
Why are such leaves needed? So, at this time, there was no longer any fresh cabbage stored in the cellars; they had eaten it all. There is still fermented food, but for some reason I no longer have the appetite for it. There is still a long wait for early ripening, but I really, really want fresh vitamin goodies from my garden. For example, the “Vesnyanka” variety is leafy, there is no point in waiting for heads of cabbage, but, like radishes, it is ready for harvesting 35 days after germination. Where else can I find one like this? early vegetable? "Vesnyanka" is good in salads and spring cabbage soup. There is also a variety called "Lenok". The good thing is that you can put up with a short absence sunlight when the sky is covered with clouds.
It is often written that “Khibinskaya” is also leafy. They lie, this is a semi-headed variety.
Now I’ll share my culinary know-how: Chinese cabbage leaves, leaves and root vegetables, seasoned vegetable oil With apple cider vinegar, they will give you a salad that is unique in taste and healthiness!
In the second group I include head varieties of Chinese cabbage, which can be sown in the ground in the spring or grown as seedlings in a greenhouse. These varieties have a peculiarity: they are resistant to flowering and stemming (that is, their flower stalk is in no hurry to appear), they calmly tolerate weather changes. For example, hybrids “Spring Jade” and “Spring Beauty”. It is recommended to grow them in protected soil, but no one bothers us, gardeners, to set aside a corner in the greenhouse for Chinese cabbage. These same hybrids can be grown in home greenhouses in the fall; before frost arrives, they will have time to produce a harvest even under film covers.
The third group includes varieties and hybrids that are best sown in early August. At this time, the day becomes much shorter, and it loves short days. Grown at this time is good for storage. This:
- "Autumn Beauty";
- "September";
- "Wineglass".
Features of growing Chinese cabbage
Peking cabbage is not exactly a real cabbage, it has a completely different structure: it looks like lettuce in childhood or lettuce.All real cabbages can cross-pollinate and give birth to hybrids and crosses. Beijing join in marital relations with white cabbage or Brussels sprouts not in a hurry. But it welcomes rutabaga, turnips and even wild rape.
Beijing cabbage does not like transplanting. If seedlings are grown in a box, plant them in damp, not too rainy weather, this way you will minimize the risk of seedling death. The best way growing - in cups made of peat or plastic, so as not to damage the main root during handling.
This means that fertile soil must be prepared in such a way as to deprive the pet of the opportunity to create reserves of nitrates that are harmful to human health. This is possible when cultivating vegetables using natural technologies: do not dig the soil or fertilize it.
Another feature: the more nitrates accumulate, the darker it is in the greenhouse (dark and cold). That is why it is better to grow this type of cabbage in garden beds.
To harvest cabbage, you need to wait until mid-day: at this time of day, there are almost a third less nitrates in it. If fed, then remove or cut for food only after 2 weeks.
If you grow kale, you can remove the top leaves; they will quickly be replaced by others. For cabbage, this will be unacceptable; if we take it off, it won’t be done often.
A frequent question: why are the heads of Chinese cabbage loose and do not gain the weight indicated on the bags? And everything depends on the weather: it will be sunny and warm - wide large leaves, dense heads of cabbage. In a cloudy, cold summer, heads of cabbage still form, but they are loose; in my area they are called sprouts.
Chinese cabbage does not like heat, hot days are not for it, take this fact into account when scheduling sowing dates.
More helpful tips for growing Chinese cabbage (including how to get two harvests per season) you will find in the article Peking cabbage: features of agricultural technology.
Sowing Chinese cabbage
The generous hand of the gardener does not save seeds very much. We know that germination can be very low, so we sow more and more often than necessary. But everything is good in moderation: you shouldn’t place the seeds too thickly in the furrow - 2 seeds per 20 centimeters will be enough for a reserve. Thinning should be done later, when the leaves of neighboring plants begin to touch or close together; the excess ones are simply cut off for the kitchen: they are still small and especially tender.My experience in growing varieties
"Khibinskaya". I really love this variety, which is presented as very old. There is less antiquity in it than a cat's tears: it is included in the register and admitted Russian Federation in 1962.The variety is semi-headed, very early ripening, only 40 or up to 50 days before harvesting garden beds, and in a greenhouse it’s even faster - only 25 days. Try to find another one with the same characteristics! A head of cabbage is an elongated cylinder. But there is one peculiarity: growth requires elevated temperature. For other varieties and hybrids, +15 °C...+18 °C is enough, but for “Khibinskaya” this is not enough. And the day should be short, northern. This is no wonder, because the variety was bred at the Polar Experimental Station of the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Growing in the Murmansk Region, in the city of Apatity. This is the first light zone, with white nights. So cabbage under these conditions does not want to produce a good head of cabbage. And after the end of these beautiful nights, when the day is actually short, we are pleased with an excellent harvest.
I like this cabbage more than any other. It rarely happens in my garden, only in very cloudy, gloomy weather, when bad weather shortens the day, when there are rare rainfalls.
Peking cabbage "Cha-cha" " . It is believed that this hybrid sets a head of cabbage even with a long day, so it can be grown with early spring until autumn. Since Chinese cabbage is early ripening, the “Cha-cha” harvest can be harvested every month and a half: that is, sown as seedlings, and after 2 weeks transferred to open ground. At the same time, the heads of cabbage are weighty - up to 2.8 kg. I do not know…
Maybe the bag I bought didn’t contain “Cha-cha”, but a different variety? Because in different time, but absolutely all the plants decided to give birth (they threw away their flower stalks) without waiting for the heads of cabbage to appear.
" Nika" . And I like this variety because in our light zone it produces stable yields. The same 2 months from full germination to the first head of cabbage. It's closed! The vegetable can be stored in cellars for quite a long time.
Which Chinese cabbage stores well in winter?
There are varieties (most of them) with a half-open head: these are productive, but not stored for long in the cellars:- "Brocken";
- "Nozaki";
- "Sprinkin" and others.