The 9 mm Makarov pistol is a personal weapon of attack and defense, designed to defeat the enemy at short distances.

The Makarov pistol has been in service since 1951. Since 1994, a modernized Makarov PMM pistol has been produced, using both a 9-mm modernized high-impulse cartridge and standard PM cartridges (9x18 mm). Externally, it is distinguished by an enlarged plastic handle of a more convenient shape. The rear end of the handle has a notch for a more secure hold. The PMM can be equipped with a single-row magazine for 8 or a double-row for 12 rounds.

On the basis of the PM, other types of pistols are being developed for the army and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as well as service weapons (for security activities) chambered for the 9x17mm cartridge.

The tactical and technical characteristics of the Makarov Pistol are presented in Table 1.

Rice. The Makarov pistol

Table 1

Performance characteristics of the Makarov Pistol

Characteristic	Meaning
Weight of the pistol with magazine without cartridges, g
Weight of the pistol with a magazine loaded with 8 rounds, g
Gun length, mm
Gun height, mm
Barrel length, mm
Caliber, mm
Number of grooves, pcs
Magazine capacity, cartridges
Cartridge weight, g
Bullet weight, g
Chuck length, mm
Combat rate of fire, rounds per minute
Initial bullet speed, m/s
Sighting range, m
Effective fire range, m
The range to which the destructive power of a bullet is maintained, m

The pistol consists of the following main parts and mechanisms:

- frames with barrel and trigger guard;

- bolt with firing pin, ejector and fuse;

- return spring;

- trigger mechanism;

- handles with screw;

- shutter stop;

- store.

Each pistol comes with accessories: a spare magazine, a wiper, a holster, a pistol strap.

Rice. Main parts and mechanisms of the pistol:

1- frame with barrel and trigger guard;2 - bolt with firing pin, ejector and safety catch;3 - return spring:4 - parts of the trigger mechanism;

5 - handle with screw;6 - shutter stop;

7 - store

Frame with barrel and trigger guard

Trunk serves to direct the flight of the bullet. The inside of the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to communicate to the bullet rotational movement. The spaces between the cuts are called margins. The distance between two opposite fields (in diameter) determines the caliber of the bore; it is equal to 9 mm. From the breech the bore is smooth and of larger diameter; it serves to house the cartridge and is called the chamber. The chamber has a ledge. On the breech of the barrel there is a boss for attaching the barrel to the frame post and a hole for the barrel pin. There is a bevel on the boss and at the bottom of the chamber to guide the cartridge from the magazine into the chamber. The outer surface of the trunk is smooth. A return spring is placed on the barrel.

The barrel is connected to the frame with a press fit and secured with a pin.

The frame serves to connect all parts of the gun. The frame with the base of the handle is one piece.

Gate serves to feed a cartridge from the magazine into the chamber, locking the bore when firing, holding the cartridge case (removing the cartridge) and cocking the hammer. is inserted into the socket in the shutter. Under the action of the spring, the ejector hook is always inclined towards the bolt cup.

Fuse serves to ensure safe handling of the pistol

Return spring serves to return the bolt to the forward position after firing. The outermost coil of one end of the spring has a smaller diameter compared to the other coils. With this coil, the spring is put on the barrel during assembly to ensure that it is securely held on the barrel when disassembling the pistol. The spring, put on the barrel, is placed with it in the bolt channel.

Trigger mechanism consists of a trigger, a sear with a spring, a trigger rod with a cocking lever, a trigger, a mainspring and a mainspring slide.Trigger serves to strike the striker

Handle with screw covers side windows And back wall base of the handle and serves to make it easier to hold the pistol in your hand. It has: a hole for the screw that secures the handle to the base of the handle; swivel for attaching a pistol strap; grooves for freely sliding the handle onto the base of the handle; in the rear wall there is a recess for the magazine latch. In the hole for the screw there is a metal sleeve, which is designed to stop the screw head from being unscrewed arbitrarily. The handle is made of plastic.The handle screw is used to secure the handle and latch to the base of the handle.

Shutter lag holds the bolt in the rear position after all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up.

Shop serves to accommodate eight cartridges. It consists of a body, a feeder, a feeder spring and a cover.

Pistol cartridge 9×18 (9 - caliber, 18 - sleeve length)consists of a cartridge case, a primer, a powder charge, and a bullet.

Rice. . 9×18 cartridge and its device:

1- sleeve; 2- capsule;3 - powder charge;4 - bullet;

5 - bimetallic (clad) shell;

6 - steel core; 7 - lead shirt

Cartridges for loading the pistol are loaded into an 8-round magazine. The magazine is loaded by inserting and retracting the cartridges by hand.

The cartridges are sealed in standard wooden cartridge boxes of 2560 pcs. in everyone. Each box contains two rolled-up iron or sealed galvanized boxes, in which cartridges are placed in cardboard packs, 16 cartridges per pack. One iron box holds 80 cardboard packs.

On the side walls of the wooden boxes there are inscriptions indicating the nomenclature of the cartridges placed in these boxes: the batch number of the cartridges, the month and year of manufacture of the cartridges and gunpowder, the manufacturing plant, the brand and batch of gunpowder, the number of cartridges in the box.

The weight of one box of cartridges is about 33 kg.

Partial disassembly of the pistol is carried out in the following order.

Retrieve magazinefrombase of the handle. Holding the pistol by the handle with your right hand, with the thumb of your left hand, pull the magazine latch back as far as it will go, while simultaneously pulling index finger with your left hand the protruding part of the magazine cover, remove the magazine from the base of the handle.

Check to see if there is a cartridge in the chamber, to do this, turn off the fuse (move the flag down), remove left hand the bolt to the rear position, place it on the bolt stop and inspect the chamber. Press the shutter stop with your right thumb to release the shutter.

Separate the shutter from the frame. Taking the pistol in your right hand by the handle, with your left hand pull the trigger guard down and, tilting it to the left, rest it against the frame so that it is held in this position. During further disassembly, hold it in this position with the index finger of your right hand.

With your left hand, move the bolt to its rearmost position and, lifting its rear end, allow it to move forward under the action of the return spring. Separate the bolt from the frame and put the trigger guard in its place.

Remove the return spring from the barrel. Holding the frame with your right hand by the handle and rotating the return spring towards you with your left hand, remove it from the barrel.

1. Frame with barrel and trigger guard

Trunk- serves to direct the flight of the bullet. The inside of the barrel has a channel with 4 grooves, winding from left to top to right. Rifling - serves to impart rotational movement to the bullet. The spaces between the cuts are called margins. The distance between two opposite fields in diameter is called caliber , it is equal to 9 mm.

From the breech the bore is smooth and of larger diameter; - it serves to place the cartridge and is called - chamber.

The barrel is connected to the frame with a press fit and secured with a pin.

Frame - serves to connect all parts of the gun. The frame with the base of the handle is one piece.

The base of the handle is used to attach the handle, the mainspring and to house the magazine.

Trigger guard - serves to protect the tail of the trigger from accidentally pressing it. It has a ridge (tide) at the front end to limit the shutter stroke when moving backwards.

• 2. Shutter - serves for:
  • a) feeding a cartridge from the magazine into the chamber;
  • b) locking the barrel when firing:
  • c) holding the cartridge case, removing the cartridge;
  • d) cocking the trigger.

Rice. 26.

a - left side; b - bottom view; 1 - front sight; 2 - rear sight; 3- window for ejecting the cartridge case; 4- fuse socket; 5 -- notch; 6 -- channel for placing a barrel with a return spring; 7 -- longitudinal projections to guide the movement of the shutter along the frame; c -- tooth for setting the bolt to the bolt stop; 9 -- groove for reflector; 10 -- groove for the release protrusion of the cocking lever; 11 -- recess for disconnecting the sear from the cocking lever; 12 -- sender: 13 -- protrusion for separating the cocking lever from the sear; 14—a recess for placing the release protrusion of the cocking lever; 15 -- groove for the trigger; 16 -- comb

On the outside the shutter has: front sight for aiming; transverse groove for rear sight; a notch between the front sight and the rear sight to prevent the surface of the bolt from reflecting when aiming; on the right side there is a window for ejecting the cartridge case; ejector groove; on the left side there is a fuse socket.

Serves to break the capsule. It has: in the front part there is a firing pin, in the rear part there is a cut for the fuse, which holds the firing pin in the bolt channel. The striker is made triangular in order to reduce weight and reduce friction surfaces.

Rice. 27

1 - striker; 2 -- cut for fuse

Ejector - serves to hold the cartridge case (cartridge) in the bolt cup until it meets the reflector.

Consists of: - hook, heel for connecting to the bolt;

• - oppression;
• - ejector spring.

Fuse - serves to ensure safe handling of the pistol.

The rear sight together with the front sight serves for aiming. With its base it is inserted into the transverse groove of the shutter.

• 3. Return spring- serves to return the bolt to the forward position after firing. One turn has a smaller diameter. With this coil, the spring is put on the barrel during assembly to ensure that it is securely held on the barrel when disassembling the pistol.
• 4. Impact trigger consists of: a trigger, a sear with a spring, a trigger rod with a cocking lever, a trigger, a mainspring with a bolt.

Rice. 31

• 1 -- trigger; 2 - sear with a spring; 3 -- trigger rod with cocking lever;
• 4 -- mainspring; 5 -- trigger; 6 -- mainspring valve

Trigger - serves to strike the striker.

sear - serves to hold the trigger on the combat and safety cock.

The free end of the spring is bent in the form of a hook for connection with the bolt stop. The sear spring presses the nose to the trigger.

Trigger rod with cocking lever - serves to release the hammer from cocking and cocking the hammer when pressing the tail of the trigger.

Trigger - serves for releasing the hammer from combat cocking and cocking the hammer when firing by self-cocking.

Action spring - serves to activate the trigger, cocking lever and trigger rod. It has: a wide feather for operating the trigger; a narrow feather for acting on the cocking lever and trigger rod; in the middle part there is a hole for putting the spring on the boss with a threaded hole in the base of the handle. The lower end of the mainspring is the magazine latch. The mainspring is secured to the base of the handle with a bolt.

• 5. A handle with a screw covers the side windows and the rear wall of the base of the handle and serves to make it easier to hold the pistol in your hand.
• 6. Shutter lag- holds the bolt in the rear position after all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up. It has: in the front part - a protrusion for holding the shutter in the rear position; a knurled button to release the shutter by pressing your hand; in the rear part there is a hole for connecting to the left sear pin; in the upper part there is a reflector for reflecting cartridge cases (cartridges) outward through the window in the bolt.
• 7. Magazine - serves to store 8 rounds.

Rice. 39

1—store building; 2- feeder; 3 -- feeder spring; 4-- magazine cover

It consists of a body, a feeder, a feeder spring and a cover.

Frame The store connects all parts of the store.

Serves for supplying cartridges. It has two bent ends that direct its movement in the magazine body. On one of the bent ends of the feeder on the left side there is a tooth for turning on the bolt delay after all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up.

Rice. 41

1- bent ends; 2 -- tooth

Feeder spring serves to feed upward the feeder with cartridges when firing.

PURPOSE, performance characteristics, DEVICE AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

MM MAKAROV PISTOL (PM)

The 9 mm Makarov pistol is a personal weapon of attack and defense and is designed to defeat the enemy at a short distance.

Most effective fire up to 50 m

Combat rate of fire 30 rounds/min.

starting speed bullet flight 315 m/sec.

The lethal effect of the bullet is maintained up to 350 m.

Cartridge weight 10 g.

Chuck length 25 mm.

Bullet weight 6.1 g.

Magazine capacity 8 rounds

PM weight with magazine without cartridges is 730 g.

The weight of the PM with a loaded magazine is 810 g.

PM length 161 mm.

Height 126.75 mm.

Barrel length with chamber 93 mm.

Number of grooves 4

Caliber 9 mm.

Mm cartridge PM (PMM) 9x18

Rice. No. 1. Fig. No. 2.

Design and dimensions of the cartridge (Fig. No. 1).

Types of cartridges 9x18 mm. (Fig. No. 2).

1. Cartridge with a steel core (PM);

2. Cartridge with increased penetration power (PMM, PPO);

3. Cartridge with an expansive bullet (PE);

Initial speed 315 m/s. (420 m/s PMM).

Muzzle energy 303 J. (494 J. PMM).

GENERAL DEVICE OF THE MAKAROV PISTOL

		Figure No. 3
		Fig No. 3

MAIN PARTS AND MECHANISMS OF PM

1. Shutter stop (upper part is reflector, Bottom part– shutter stop button).

2. Trigger mechanism:

a) trigger;

b) trigger rod with cocking lever;

c) sear with a spring;

e) mainspring;

f) mainspring valve.

3. Frame with barrel and trigger guard.

4. Shutter: a) firing pin; b) fuse; c) ejector; d) oppression; e) ejector spring.

5. Return spring.

6. Handle with screw.

7. Store: a) store body; b) feeder spring; c) submitter; d) magazine cover.

PURPOSE OF PM PARTS AND MECHANISMS

Frame with barrel and trigger guard:

barrel - serves to direct the flight of the bullet;

frame - serves to connect all parts of the gun;

base of the handle - serves for attaching the handle, mainspring and for storing the magazine;

trigger guard - serves to protect the trigger from accidentally pressing it.

Gate- serves to feed a cartridge from the magazine into the chamber, locking the bore when firing, holding the cartridge case in the bolt cup and cocking the hammer.

striker - serves to break the capsule;

ejector - serves to hold the cartridge case in the bolt cup until it meets the reflector;

safety - serves to ensure safe handling of the pistol.

Return spring- serves to return the bolt to the forward position after firing.

Shutter lag- holds the bolt in the rear position after all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up.

Shop- serves to accommodate 8 cartridges.

Handle with screw- covers the side windows and the rear wall of the base of the handle and serves to make it easier to hold the pistol in your hand.

Shock trigger mechanism:

trigger - serves to strike the firing pin;

whispered - serves to hold the trigger in combat and safety cock;

trigger rod with cocking lever - used to release the hammer from cocking and cocking the hammer when pressing the tail of the trigger;

trigger- serves for releasing the hammer from combat cocking and cocking the hammer when firing by self-cocking;

action spring- serves to activate the trigger, cocking lever and trigger rod.

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY OF PM

There are two types: complete and incomplete. Partial disassembly is carried out for cleaning, lubrication, and inspection of the gun. Complete disassembly is carried out for cleaning when heavy pollution gun, after being exposed to rain, snow, when switching to a new lubricant, during repairs.

To disassemble and assemble a weapon you need:

1. Prepare a place for disassembly and assembly.

2. Place parts and mechanisms in the order of disassembly, handle them carefully, avoid unnecessary force and sharp impacts.

INCOMPLETE DISASSEMBLY OF PM

3. Separate the shutter from the frame.

Taking the pistol in your right hand by the handle, with your left hand pull the trigger guard down, tilting it to the left, rest it against the frame so that it is held in this position (Fig. No. 8). With your left hand, move the bolt to its rearmost position and, lifting its rear end, allow it to move forward under the action of the return spring (Fig. No. 9). Separate the bolt from the frame and put the trigger guard in place.

4. Remove the return spring from the barrel.

Holding the frame with your right hand by the handles and rotating the return spring towards you with your left hand, remove it from the barrel (Fig. No. 10).

Assembling the pistol after incomplete disassembly do in reverse order.

1. Place the return spring on the barrel. Taking the frame by the handle in your right hand, with your left hand you must put the return spring onto the barrel with the end in which the outermost coil has a smaller diameter compared to other coils.

2. Attach the shutter to the frame. Holding the frame by the handle in right hand, and the bolt is in the left, insert the free end of the return spring into the bolt channel and move the bolt to the rearmost position so that the muzzle of the barrel passes through the bolt channel and protrudes outward. Lower the rear end of the shutter onto the frame so that the longitudinal protrusions of the shutter fit into the grooves of the frame, and, pressing the shutter against the frame, release it. Turn on the fuse.

3. Insert the magazine into the base of the handle. Holding the pistol in your right hand, use your thumb and forefinger to insert the magazine into the base of the grip through the lower window of the base of the grip. Press the magazine cover with your thumb so that the latch slides over the protrusion on the magazine wall, and a click will occur. Hitting the magazine with the palm of your hand is not allowed.

The Makarov PM pistol is a personal weapon designed for protection during an attack and defeating the enemy at short distances.

Convenient to use, you can have it to an ordinary person, which fully complies with the terms of use and has passed a medical examination.

Purpose and combat properties

PM Makarov is intended for personal weapons as actions related to attack or defense in case of an emergency situation that threatens human life.

It is this trauma that soldiers are trained to improve their combat skills to defeat dangerous opponents.

50 meters is the target range and a particularly dangerous distance between the target and the pistol itself. For this reason, the pistol is called short-length. Fire on given distance is effective and lightning fast, capable of instantly leading to the death of the enemy.

This type of weapon is configured to fire 30 single shots in half a minute. Capable of maintaining his combat skills at a distance of up to 350 meters.

Main parts of PM Makarov

To learn more about all components PP Makarov, we suggest you take a closer look at the picture below.

It is worth pointing out that the bolt lever feeds one cartridge per second for an instant shot.

The sear keeps the trigger ready to fire. The trigger releases the hammer. The mainspring has several turns, the lower turn has a smaller diameter.

Tactical and technical characteristics of the Makarov pistol

Each weapon has its own specific characteristics. All data on this military weapon is presented in the table.

Weight and linear data of the Makarov traumatic pistol

PM is very convenient and easy to use. Thanks to his small size, it fits perfectly in the hand. It is comfortable to hold, and your hand does not become numb regardless of time. Which gives a particular advantage in long-term shooting.

The pistol is self-loading and fires bullets alternately, which simplifies shooting and combat performance in battle. This operation is based on a free release shutter. The reliability of the weapon is based on the built-in safety, which will not allow it to fire spontaneously.

The initial bullet speed is 315 meters per second. The trigger device produces a small recoil into the shooter's hand. The shot speed ranges from 30 to 60 meters and depends on the headwind.

Assembling and disassembling PM

There are two ways to disassemble - complete and incomplete. The first includes full analysis gun and very careful inspection, cleaning and drying. The second is a complete cleaning, light lubrication, and a superficial inspection of the weapon. Overall, this method does not require much effort.

Click to enlarge

When disassembling and assembling, it is necessary to follow safety rules and order, perform this action in a clean and flat surface. To parse you need:

1. Remove the magazine.
2. Separate the shutter from the frame.
3. Remove the return spring from the barrel.

Clean and remember that assembly is the reverse order of disassembly.

A PM can be disassembled by a person who is not professional in this matter, because this weapon is convenient for disassembly. But to produce correct collection all parts of TP, you must have certain skills in this matter.

Despite the fact that the weight of the pistol is not very large - 830 g, it still needs to be held confidently in the hand to avoid accidental shots or falling.

The trigger is perfectly protected, and until the weapon is released from the safety, the shot will not fire.

Conclusion

Despite the fact that the Makarov pistol is simple and safe to use, you must always follow safety precautions and store it in accordance with all the rules for storing weapons. It is unacceptable to store in places accessible to children or in an unauthorized place. It is best to have a small, reliable safe for this.

It is worth noting that once a person has purchased a weapon, he is fully responsible for every shot fired. Every year there is a commission, and also reports on the waste of bullets.

The most effective fire...................................up to 50 m

The lethal force of the bullet is maintained...................................up to 350 m

Initial bullet speed...................................315 m/sec

Combat rate of fire................................................... ......30 rounds/min

Weight of the pistol without cartridges................................................................... ....730 gr.

Weight of the pistol with loaded magazine......810 g.

Gun length................................................... ....................161 mm.

Gun height................................................... ...................126.75 mm

Barrel length................................................... ...........................93 mm

Caliber................................................. ....................................9 mm

Number of grooves................................................... ..........................4

Magazine capacity................................................... ....................8 rounds

Cartridge weight................................................... ...............................10 gr.

Bullet weight................................................... ....................................6.1 g.

Chuck height................................................... .....................25 mm

Question No. 2 “Purpose, design and operation of parts and mechanisms of the Makarov -9mm pistol.”

The pistol is simple in design and handling, small in size, comfortable to carry and always ready for action. The PM pistol is a self-loading weapon, since it is reloaded automatically during firing. The operation of the automatic pistol is based on the principle of using the recoil of a free shutter. The bolt and barrel have no clutch. Reliability of barrel bore locking when firing is achieved large mass shutter and return spring force. Thanks to the presence of a hammer-type self-cocking trigger mechanism in the pistol, you can quickly open fire by directly pressing the tail of the trigger without first cocking the hammer. The main advantage of the design is the double-action trigger mechanism, which allows self-cocking firing. The pistol has a non-automatic safety device located on the bolt housing, which ensures the trigger is released idle, it is locked and the bolt is locked, which makes the pistol safe to use.

Trigger mechanism with open trigger position. The mainspring is two-feather, flat, located in the handle behind the magazine. The sight is constant. The pistol is highly reliable. Safe handling of the pistol is ensured by reliably operating fuses. The pistol has a safety located on the left side of the slide. In addition, the trigger is automatically cocked under the action of the mainspring after the trigger is released (“release” of the trigger) and when the trigger is released. The trigger, under the action of the curved (bounce) end of the wide feather of the mainspring, is rotated at a certain angle from the bolt (this is the “blowback” of the trigger) so that the nose of the sear is in front of the safety cocking of the hammer. After the trigger is released, the trigger rod, under the action of the narrow feather of the mainspring, will move to the rear extreme position. The cocking lever and the sear will go down, the sear, under the action of its spring, will press against the trigger and the trigger will automatically engage the safety cock. . To fire a shot, you must press the trigger with your index finger. At the same time, the trigger strikes the firing pin, which breaks the cartridge primer. As a result, the powder charge ignites and forms a large number of powder gases. The bullet is ejected from the barrel by the pressure of the powder gases. The bolt, under the pressure of gases transmitted through the bottom of the sleeve, moves back, holding the sleeve with the ejector and compressing the return spring. When the cartridge meets the reflector, it is thrown out through the shutter window. When the bolt moves to the rearmost position, it turns the trigger on the trunnions back and puts it in cocking position. Having moved back all the way, the bolt returns forward under the action of the return spring. When moving forward, the bolt rammer pushes the next cartridge out of the magazine and sends it into the chamber. The bore is locked with a blowback bolt; the gun is ready to fire again. To fire the next shot, you need to release the trigger and then press it again. So shooting will be carried out until the cartridges in the magazine are completely spent.

Once all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up, the bolt enters the slide stop and remains in the rear position.

The pistol is a self-loading weapon, since it is reloaded automatically during shooting . The automatic operation of the pistol is based on the principle of using the recoil of the free shutter .

Operation of gun parts:

To load the pistol you need:

Equip the magazine with cartridges;

Insert the magazine into the base of the handle;

Turn off the fuse (turn the flag down);

Move the shutter to its rearmost position and release it sharply.

To fire a shot you must press the trigger with your index finger. At the same time, the trigger strikes the firing pin, which breaks the cartridge primer. As a result, the powder charge ignites and a large amount of powder gases is formed. The bullet is ejected from the barrel under the pressure of powder gases. The bolt, under the pressure of gases transmitted through the bottom of the sleeve, moves back, holding the sleeve with the ejector and compressing the return spring. When the cartridge meets the reflector, it is thrown out through the shutter window.

When the bolt moves to the rearmost position, the hammer is cocked. Having moved back to failure, the bolt returns forward under the action of the return spring. When moving forward, the bolt rammer pushes the next cartridge out of the magazine and sends it into the chamber. The bore is locked with a blowback bolt; the gun is ready to fire again.

To fire the next shot you need to release the trigger and then pull it again. So the shooting will continue until the cartridges in the magazine are completely used up. Once all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up, the bolt locks into the slide stop and remains in the rear position.

To continue shooting, you must reload the pistol:

Remove the magazine from the base of the handle (the bolt stop continues to hold the bolt in the rear position);

Insert the equipped spare magazine into the base of the handle and remove the bolt from the bolt stop (pull the bolt stop button down).

The bolt, under the action of the return spring, returns to the forward position, sending the cartridge into the chamber. The gun is ready to fire.

Main parts and mechanisms of the pistol:

1 - frame with barrel and trigger guard; 2 - bolt with firing pin, ejector and safety catch: 3 - return spring: 4 - parts of the trigger mechanism; 5 - handle with screw; 6 - shutter stop; 7 - store

1. Frame with barrel and trigger guard;

2. Bolt with firing pin, ejector and safety;

3. Return spring;

4. Handle with screw;

5. Shop.

6. Trigger mechanism; and shutter stop;

Each pistol comes with the following accessories:

a) spare magazine;

b) wiping (used for complete disassembly, assembly, cleaning and lubrication of the gun);

c) holster (used for carrying and storing a pistol, a spare magazine and cleaning);

d) pistol strap (used to attach the pistol to the waist belt).

Frame with barrel and trigger guard(Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Frame with barrel and trigger guard:

a - left side; b - right side; 1 - base of the handle; 2 - trunk; 3 - stand for attaching the barrel; 4 - window for placing the trigger and the ridge of the trigger guard; 5 - trunnion sockets for trigger trunnions; 6 - curved groove for placement and movement of the front axle of the trigger rod; 7 - trunnion sockets for the trigger and sear trunnions; 8 - grooves for directing the movement of the shutter; 9 - window for mainspring feathers; 10 - cutout for the bolt stop; // - boss with a threaded hole for fastening the handle with a screw and the mainspring with a bolt; 12 - cutout for magazine latch; 13 - boss with a socket for attaching the trigger guard; 14 - side windows; !5 - trigger guard; 16 --- comb to limit the movement of the shutter back; 17 - window for exiting the upper part of the store

Trunk serves to direct the flight of the bullet. The inside of the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to impart rotational movement to the bullet. The spaces between the cuts are called margins. The distance between two opposite fields (in diameter) determines the caliber of the bore; it is equal to 9 mm. From the breech the bore is smooth and of larger diameter; it serves to house the cartridge and is called the chamber. The chamber has a ledge.

On the breech of the barrel there is a boss for attaching the barrel to the frame post and a hole for the barrel pin. There is a bevel on the boss and at the bottom of the chamber to direct the cartridge from the magazine into the chamber.

The outer surface of the trunk is smooth. A return spring is placed on the barrel. The barrel is connected to the frame with a press fit and secured with a pin.

Frame serves to connect all parts of the gun. The frame with the base of the handle is one piece.

In the front part of the frame there is: on top - a stand for attaching the barrel, on the bottom - a window for placing the trigger and the ridge of the trigger guard. On the side walls of this window there are trunnion sockets for the trigger trunnions. The frame stand has: in the upper part there is a hole in which the barrel is fixed; below there is a window for placing the trigger head; on the right is a curved groove for the placement and movement of the front axle of the trigger rod.

In the rear part, the frame has: on top there are protrusions with trunnion sockets for the trigger and sear pins and with grooves for directing the movement of the shutter (trunnion sockets for the trigger pins and the right trunnion socket for the sear pin have slots); at the bottom there is a window for the mainspring feathers. In the middle part of the frame there is a window for the exit of the upper part of the magazine and a cutout on the left wall for the bolt stop.

Note:
Some pistols have holes drilled into the frame to reduce weight.

Handle base serves for fastening the handle, mainspring and for storing the magazine. It has side windows (right and left) to reduce the weight of the pistol; lower window for inserting a magazine; on the rear wall there is a boss with a threaded hole for fastening the mainspring using a bolt and a handle using a screw; at the bottom there is a cutout for the magazine latch; in the front wall there is a boss with a socket for attaching the trigger guard to the frame using an axis.

Trigger guard serves to protect the tail of the trigger from accidentally pressing it. It has a ridge (tide) at the front end to limit the shutter stroke when moving backwards. The trigger guard is held in the frame in the upper position by a spring and a bend located in a socket on the front wall of the base of the handle

Gate(Fig. 2) serves to feed a cartridge from the magazine into the chamber, locking the bore when firing, holding the cartridge case (removing the cartridge) and cocking the hammer.

Rice. 2. Gate:

A- left-hand side; b- bottom view; 1 - front sight; 2 - rear sight; 3-window for ejecting the cartridge case; 4-socket for fuse; 5 - notch; 6 - channel for placing a barrel with a return spring; 7 - longitudinal projections to guide the movement of the shutter along the frame; 8 - tooth for setting the bolt to the bolt stop; 9-groove for reflector; 10 - groove for the release protrusion of the cocking lever; 11 - recess for disconnecting the sear from the cocking lever; 12 - rammer; 13- protrusion for separating the cocking lever from the sear; 14 - recess for placing the release protrusion of the cocking lever; 15 - groove for the trigger; 16 - comb On the outside the bolt has: a front sight for aiming; transverse groove for rear sight; a notch between the front sight and the rear sight to prevent the surface of the bolt from reflecting when aiming; on the right side there is a window for ejecting the cartridge case; ejector groove; socket for a bender with an ejector spring; on the left side there is a socket for the fuse and two recesses for the fuse lock: the upper one for the “safety” flag position and the lower one for the “fire” flag position; next to the upper recess there is a red circle, which opens when the flag is placed in the “fire” position and closes with the flag when the fuse is turned on; there is a notch on both sides for easy release of the shutter by hand; at the rear end of the bolt there is a groove for the trigger to pass through.

Inside the bolt has: a channel for placing the barrel with a return spring; longitudinal projections to guide the movement of the shutter along the frame; tooth for setting the bolt to the bolt stop; crest; groove for reflector; groove for the release protrusion of the cocking lever; a cup for placing the bottom of the sleeve; rammer for sending a cartridge from the magazine to the chamber; protrusion for separating the cocking lever from the sear; a recess for placing the release protrusion of the cocking lever when the trigger is pressed; on the right side of the bolt ridge there is a recess designed to disconnect the sear from the cocking lever when removing the bolt from the bolt stop with the trigger pressed; channel for placing the striker.

Drummer(Fig. 3) serves to break the capsule. It has: in the front part there is a firing pin, in the rear part there is a cut for the fuse, which holds the firing pin in the bolt channel.

Rice. 3. Drummer: 1 - firing pin; 2 - cut for fuse

The striker is made triangular in order to reduce its weight and reduce friction surfaces.

Ejector(Fig. 4) serves to hold the cartridge case (cartridge) in the bolt cup until it meets the reflector. It has a hook that slides into the annular groove of the sleeve and holds the sleeve (cartridge) in the bolt cup, and a heel for connecting to the bolt; At the rear of the ejector heel there is a ledge for placing the compression head. In the rear part of the ejector there is a recess for convenient recessing of the bend with a rubbing lip when separating the ejector from the bolt. The ejector is inserted into a groove in the bolt.

Rice. 4. Ejector: 1 - hook; 2 - heel for connecting to the bolt; 3 - oppression; 4 - ejector spring.

The oppression in the head part is thickened. The front end of the ejector spring, which is put on the rear part of the bend (smaller diameter), rests against the thickened part.

The pulley with the ejector spring is inserted into the socket in the bolt. Under the action of the spring, the ejector hook is always inclined towards the bolt cup.

Fuse(Fig. 5) serves to ensure safe handling of the pistol. It has: a flag for moving the safety from the “fire” position to the “safety” position and back; a latch for holding the fuse in its assigned position; an axis on which a ledge with a shelf is made to rotate the sear and release the hammer from cocking when the safety is moved to the “safety” position; a rib for locking the bolt with the frame when the safety is set to the “safety” position; hook for locking the trigger in the “safety” position; a protrusion to absorb the impact of the trigger when the safety is engaged.

Rice. 5. Fuse: 1 - fuse box; 2 - clamp; 3 - ledge; 4 - rib; 5 - hook; 6 - protrusion.

Fuse is inserted into the shutter socket.

The rear sight together with the front sight serves for aiming. With its base it is inserted into the transverse groove of the shutter.

The return spring (Fig. 6) serves to return the bolt to the forward position after firing. The outermost coil of one end of the spring has a smaller diameter compared to the other coils. With this coil, the spring is put on the barrel during assembly to ensure that it is securely held on the barrel when disassembling the pistol. The spring, put on the barrel, is placed with it in the bolt channel.

Rice. 6. Return spring

The trigger mechanism (Fig. 7) consists of a trigger, a sear with a spring, a trigger rod with a cocking lever, a trigger, a mainspring and a mainspring slide.

Rice. 7. Parts of the trigger mechanism:
1 - trigger; 2 - sear with a spring; 3 - trigger rod with cocking lever; 4 - mainspring; 5 - trigger; 6 - mainspring valve.

Trigger(Fig. 8) serves to strike the striker. It has: a head with a notch on top for cocking the hammer by hand; on the front plane there is a cutout to ensure free movement of the trigger when it is released from cocking; recess for catching the fuse; at the base of the trigger there are two ledges: the upper one is a safety cocking, the lower one is a combat cocking; on the sides there are trunnions on which the trigger rotates in the trunnion sockets of the frame, and arched recesses to reduce weight; on the right is a self-cocking tooth for cocking the hammer using the cocking lever; on the left is a protrusion for locking the trigger with a safety lock; below there is a recess for the wide feather of the mainspring; On the right side of the lower part of the base of the hammer there is an annular recess for placing the heel of the cocking lever.

Rice. 8. Trigger: a - left side; b - right side; 1 - head with a notch; 2 - cutout; 3 - recess; 4-safety platoon; 5 - combat platoon; 6 - trunnions; 7 - self-cocking tooth; 8 - protrusion; 9 - recess; 10 - annular recess The trigger pins have flats for free separation of the trigger from the frame.

sear(Fig. 9) serves to hold the trigger on the combat and safety cock. It has: a spout for engaging the trigger ledges; axles on which the sear rotates in the axle sockets of the frame; on the left is a tooth for lifting the sear with the shelf of the fuse ledge when moving the fuse to the “safety” position; on the right is a protrusion on which the cocking lever acts when the trigger is pulled.

Rice. 9. Sear: 1-axle sear; 2-tooth; 3-protrusion; 4-spout whispered; 5-sear spring; 6-rack whispered.

There is a spring on the left sear pin. The connection between the sear spring and the sear is made detachable - the end of the spring fits into a special hole in the sear stand.

The free end of the spring is bent in the form of a hook for connection with the bolt stop. The spring presses the nose of the sear to the trigger. The sear journals have flats for free separation of the sear from the frame.

Trigger rod with cocking lever(Fig. 10.) serves to release the hammer from cocking and cocking the hammer when pressing the tail of the trigger.

Rice. 10. Trigger rod with cocking lever:
1 - trigger rod; 2 - cocking lever; 3 - trigger rod trunnions; 4 - release protrusion of the cocking lever; 5 - cutout; 6 - self-cocking protrusion; 7 - heel of the cocking lever The trigger rod has pins at the ends. The front pin connects to the trigger, and the rear pin connects to the cocking lever.

The cocking lever has: a release protrusion, with the help of which it disengages from the sear when the bolt moves backward; cutout for sear protrusion; self-cocking protrusion, which cocks the hammer when you press the tail of the trigger; the heel on which the narrow feather of the mainspring rests. The heel of the cocking lever is placed in the annular recess of the trigger.

Trigger(Fig. 11) serves to release the hammer from combat cocking and cocking the hammer when firing by self-cocking. It has: trunnions that fit into the trunnion sockets of the frame; a hole for connecting to the trigger rod and a tail.

Rice. eleven. Trigger: 1 - trunnion; 2 - hole; 3 - tail. The trigger head is inserted into the window of the frame stand.

Action spring(Fig. 12) serves to activate the trigger, cocking lever and trigger rod. It has: a wide feather for operating the trigger; a narrow feather for acting on the cocking lever and trigger rod; in the middle part there is a hole for putting the spring on the boss with a threaded hole in the base of the handle.

Rice. 12. Mainspring: 1-wide feather; 2 - narrow feather; 3 - bumper end: 4 - hole; 5 - latch

The lower end of the mainspring is the magazine latch. The end of the wide feather of the mainspring is curved to provide a “release” of the hammer, i.e., to put the hammer on the safety cock in the lowered position. The mainspring is secured to the base of the handle with a bolt.

Handle with screw(Fig. 13) covers the side windows and the rear wall of the base of the handle and serves to make it easier to hold the pistol in your hand. It has: a hole for the screw that secures the handle to the base of the handle; swivel for attaching a pistol strap; grooves for freely sliding the handle onto the base of the handle; in the back wall there is a recess for the magazine latch. In the hole for the screw there is a metal sleeve, which is designed to stop the screw head from being unscrewed arbitrarily. The handle is made of plastic.

Rice. 13. Handle with screw: 1-swivel; 2 - grooves; 3 - hole; 4 - screw. The handle screw is used to secure the handle and the valve to the base of the handle. It has a head and a threaded part.

Shutter lag(Fig. 14) holds the bolt in the rear position after all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up.

Rice. 14. Bolt stop: 1 - protrusion; 2 - button with a notch; 3 - hole; 4 - reflector. It has: in the front part - a protrusion for holding the shutter in the rear position; a knurled button to release the shutter by pressing your hand; in the rear part there is a hole for connecting to the left sear pin; in the upper part there is a reflector for reflecting cartridge cases (cartridges) outward through the window in the bolt. The front part of the shutter stop is inserted into a cutout in the left wall of the frame.

Shop(Fig. 15) serves to accommodate eight cartridges. It consists of a body, a feeder, a feeder spring and a cover.

Rice. 15. Store: 1 - store building; 2 - feeder; 3 - feeder spring; 4 - magazine cover.

Store body(Fig. 16) connects all parts of the store. The upper edges of the side walls of the case are bent inward to hold the cartridges and feeder, as well as to guide the cartridges as they are fed into the chamber by the bolt. It has: windows in the side walls to reduce the weight of the magazine and to determine the number of cartridges in the magazine; At the bottom there are curved ribs for the magazine cover, a protrusion for the magazine latch, a cutout for free passage of the left wall of the magazine cover, a groove for the passage of the feeder tooth.

Rice. 16. Store body: 1 - window; 2 - curved rib; 3 - protrusion; 4 - cutout; 5 - gutter The magazine is inserted into the base of the handle through the lower window.

Feeder(Fig. 17) is used to supply cartridges. It has two bent ends that direct its movement in the magazine body. On one of the bent ends of the feeder on the left side there is a tooth for turning on the bolt stop when all the cartridges from the magazine are used up.

Rice. 17. Feeder: 1 - bent ends; 2 - tooth.

Feeder spring(Fig. 18) is used to feed upward the feeder with cartridges when firing. The lower end of the spring is bent to lock the magazine cover.

Rice. 18. Feeder spring

Magazine cover(Fig. 19) has a hole for the bent (lower) end of the feeder spring and grooves with which it is put on the curved ribs of the magazine body.

Rice. 19. Magazine cover: 1 - hole; 2 - grooves

Question No. 3 “Delays when firing a Makarov pistol and ways to eliminate them”

A pistol, when handled correctly, carefully maintained and preserved, is a reliable and trouble-free weapon.

However, during prolonged operation due to wear of parts and mechanisms, and more often due to careless handling and inattentive maintenance, delays in shooting may occur.

If there is a delay during shooting, it must be eliminated by reloading the pistol. If the delay is not eliminated by recharging, then it is necessary to find out the cause of the delay and eliminate it.

Question No. 4 “Purpose and combat properties of the Kalashnikov AK-74 assault rifle - 5.45mm.”

The purpose of the Kalashnikov AK-74 assault rifle is 5.45mm.” - The Kalashnikov assault rifle is an individual weapon and is designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy fire weapons. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat A bayonet is attached to the machine gun. For shooting and observation in natural night light conditions, the NSPU joins.

The AK-74 assault rifle (Kalashnikov assault rifle model 1974) was created by Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov in the mid-70s and is an individual weapon intended for arming personnel of army units and law enforcement forces. In 1974 it was put into service Soviet army instead of the AK-47. The design of the machine gun has not undergone major changes. The automation operates using the recoil energy of powder gases removed from the barrel. The barrel bore is locked by turning the bolt and placing it on two lugs. The bolt rotates due to the skew of the bolt frame, which is combined into one part with a gas piston and rod. The hammer-type impact mechanism with a U-shaped spring ensures single and continuous fire. The safety is a flag-type fire switch; when turned on, it blocks the trigger and supports the reloading handle, limiting the rear travel of the bolt frame. In connection with the use of a new cartridge, a new muzzle brake appeared - a compensator consisting of two chambers. It functions as a flame arrester and brake - a compensator, which is designed to reduce recoil and jump of the machine gun when firing. Modifications based on the AK-74 assault rifle are as follows:
AKS-74 - steel butt, triangular shape. In the stowed position it folds to the left.
AKS-74U - a shortened version of the AKS-74, barrel length 200 mm.
AKS-74UN - a shortened version of the AKS-74 with a night sight
AK-74M is a modernized version, mass-produced since 1991. The magazines, butt, pistol grip and forend are made of plastic. The stock is folding. On the left side of the receiver there is a universal dovetail mount for installing optical and night sights (with this innovation there is no longer a need to produce machine guns with the "N" index). In addition, a silencer can be installed on AK-74 assault rifles (for this, the muzzle brake-compensator is screwed off and a silent firing device is screwed in its place), then the letter “B” is written in the name of the modification.

Combat properties of the Kalashnikov assault rifle AK-74 - 5.45mm" - TTX

It is fed from a 30-round box magazine. The type of ammunition used is 5.45 mm. cartridges with regular and tracer bullets. Fire mode:

fire is carried out in single shots, short (from 2 to 5), long bursts of up to 10 shots. The barrel is air cooled, allowing continuous fire of up to 500 rounds.

Question No. 5 “Purpose, structure and operation of parts and mechanisms of the Kalashnikov AK-74 assault rifle - 5.45mm.”