Sewer pipes and fittings. PVC sewer pipes: characteristics, rules for selection and installation PVC pipes for sewerage: sizes and prices of products

The wastewater disposal system necessarily consists of special sewer pipes that can be used directly for external networks. Reliability and durability will depend on them future system. It is important to choose the right required material. On modern stage For sewer works cast iron, polyethylene, ceramic and pipes are used PVC external. Last option used quite often due to their high quality and durability.

PVC pipes external ones must have the following qualities:

• High strength;
• Significant wear resistance and pronounced durability;
• Resistance to aggressive chemical and physical factors;
• Ability to withstand large temperature differences (no deformation or cracking).

However, we should not forget that high quality pipes will not serve perfectly if there are installation errors. Therefore, in addition to a competent and qualified choice, it is necessary to install them efficiently and accurately. External PVC pipes are mounted using the socket method using rubber cuffs, which ensure maximum tightness. Externally, external PVC pipes differ from internal ones in color - external pipes are red in color.

PVC pipes for external sewerage

Due to its basic qualities, PVC pipes for external sewerage widely used for the improvement of new lines, and for the replacement of worn out and damaged areas in old systems. They can be used for any type of wastewater (domestic, industrial and sedimentary). In this case, their maximum temperature should not exceed 60 degrees. Polyvinyl chloride pipes are lightweight, which allows them to be quickly and easily installed without the use of additional skills or a special set of tools.

PVC pipes for external sewerage are resistant to corrosion and the formation of sediment on internal surfaces. Wastewater containing sand or small stones will not damage the walls of the pipes at all, which indicates their high wear resistance. Therefore, they are often used in industrial wastewater. For different loads, types of pipes corresponding in rigidity are used, which are represented by classes SN4 and SN8. PVC pipes of class SN8 are more rigid and can withstand greater loads, but are manufactured only to order. All products are made from durable and impact-resistant material, which undergoes multi-stage quality testing and has the appropriate certificates.

PVC pipe for external sewerage price

Before buying a PVC pipe for external sewerage, decide on its purpose and size.

PVC pipe for external sewerage, the price of which is always presented in our catalog, has optimal ratio pricing policy and high quality. It is well suited for sewerage work for a wide range of purposes and provides ease of installation and transportation. Its reliability will significantly reduce the number repair work.

The Tera-Plast company sells PVC pipes at manufacturer prices wholesale and retail. Our trading and production company has been developing steadily since 2012. You can order products from us in any volume for creating long-distance pipelines. Thanks to our own fleet of vehicles, you can buy PVC pipes for external sewerage with delivery to the site. Delivery - within 1 day in the Moscow region.

When installing wastewater disposal systems, they were previously widely used. cast iron pipes, less often, from other materials. But they all have a number of certain limitations in use, related, for example, to ease of transportation, specific installation, maintenance, and the like. PVC sewer pipes have become a good alternative and are being actively introduced in various industries, including in the public utilities sector, precisely because they do not have the disadvantages that characterize samples from other materials.

The abbreviation PVC stands for “polyvinyl chloride,” although such products are often called vinyl plastic or vinyl chloride. There is no difference, because we're talking about about the same material. Why is it so attractive for use in engineering systems drainage?

Characteristics of PVC pipes

All specified product features are generalized, since there are several types plastic pipes, which differ in production technology, and therefore in specific properties.

Flaws

1. Limited operating temperature range – from -10 to +65 °C, in some cases, up to +90 °C (short-term exposure). But for sewerage systems this is not important.
2. Thin-walled pipes may resonate in some cases. Therefore, when laying them in routes, it is necessary to carry out a number of additional operations to soundproof the highways.

Classification

By strength:

• SN8 - heavy. They are used when laying in routes passing under various objects, including highways.
• SN4 - medium. Likewise, only in areas with less traffic.
• SN2 - lungs. Such pipes are used at shallow depths in the ground, and have been found wide application in housing and communal services and the private sector.

By application:

• For internal sewerage – gray or black.
• For outdoor (outside buildings) - yellow or orange.

By pressure:

• Pressure.
• Non-pressure (gravity drainage).

According to manufacturing technology:

• PVC (PVC).
• PVC-U (PVC-NP) – unplasticized vinyl chloride. They are more durable and resistant to aggressive substances. Most often used in pressure systems.

According to the engineering solution:

• Smooth-walled.
• Corrugated.

By fastening method:

• Socket connection.
• Gluing.

PVC pipe cost

The range of products is quite large, but the data provided on individual species products will help you navigate pricing (in rubles/linear meters).

• 160 mm – from 260 (for outdoor work).
• 110 mm (3.2 – wall thickness), socket – from 104 (for indoor installation) and 155 (for outdoor).
• 50 mm – from 55 (for internal installation).

1. The diameter of the external pipes must be greater than that of the central riser.
2. Approximate cross-sections for drain connections (mm):

• shower, sink, bath and the like - 40 (if combined drain - at least 50);
• various branches from central highways - at least 65;
• toilet, riser – 100.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes are renowned for their high resistance to chemicals. active substances, as well as strength, which makes them indispensable in the construction and repair of external sewer systems.

Low price, light weight and the ease of assembly of structures from PVC products have ensured the enormous popularity of this material.

Characteristics of PVC pipes

The operational parameters of polymer pipes depend on their technical characteristics. There are fundamental properties that are unique to this material:

• High resistance to mechanical deformation. Thanks to the three-layer manufacturing method and external corrugation, plastic pipes can be used in external sewer networks at a depth of up to eight meters.
• Smoothness of the inner surface. Solid elements included in wastewater can move freely inside the pipeline.
• Not bad resistance internal pressure. PVC pipes can withstand pressures from 6 to 15 bar. The minimum and maximum values ​​are affected by the wall thickness and pipe design.
• Presence of temperature restrictions. At ambient temperatures above 65 degrees or below 10 degrees, deformation of polymer products can occur, which, of course, is a big disadvantage of polyvinyl chloride. Some models allow a short-term increase in temperature to 90 degrees.
• The material has a maximum tensile strength of 45-55 MPa (megapascal).
• Almost half a century of service life.
• High elasticity, no accumulation of deposits on internal walls pipeline, rust-resistant.
• Smooth inner surface allows you to avoid cases of pressure drop.
• PVC pipes are not afraid of microorganisms that live in sewage, as well as ultraviolet rays.
• The wall thickness of plastic pipes varies from 1.3 to 36 millimeters (such thick pipes are used for industrial purposes).

Advantages of a plastic pipeline

PVC pipes for external sewerage boast many positive qualities:

1. Affordable price. The technology for producing polyvinyl chloride is a long-established process provided with all the necessary equipment.
2. Lightness of the material. This quality makes it possible to simplify the transportation, installation, maintenance, repair and dismantling of the sewer network - most of the work can be done alone without anyone’s help.
3. Simplicity installation work. To fasten most models of PVC pipes, you do not need to use welding machine– the presence of sockets with rubber seals eliminates unnecessary hassle. To cut the required length of PVC pipeline, it is enough to purchase a regular hacksaw.
4. Flame resistance. Due to its low flammability, the material can be used in buildings where flammable objects are stored.
5. No toxicity. The material does not emit harmful substances V environment.
6. Corrosion resistance.
7. The material practically does not enter into chemical bonds with alkalis, acids and petroleum products.
8. Small abrasive particles of various origins contained in wastewater not dangerous for this material.

Disadvantages of plastic pipeline

The most a big problem The problem is that the frost resistance of PVC products leaves much to be desired. By lowering the ambient temperature below 15 degrees, you can observe freezing of polyvinyl chloride pipes. This problem forces, during the construction of external sewerage, to pay special attention to the insulation of the drainage structure.

Another problem is the difficulty of connecting plastic pipes with metal counterparts. Cuts or scratches reduce the resistance of PVC pipes to physical activity Therefore, when fastening plastic to metal, it is prohibited to use threaded connections.

And finally, do not forget about the problem of recycling polymer pipes - burning plastic products leads to the release of chlorine into the atmosphere.

Difference between uPVC pipes and PVC pipes

For PVC manufacturing it is necessary to polymerize vinyl chloride. And to obtain vinyl chloride itself, petroleum raw materials and ordinary salt. To obtain polymers with other properties, certain changes are made in the manufacture of PVC products. The exclusion of plasticizers from the composition leads to a more rigid and durable type of PVC, or, in other words, unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) - a safe plastic that is better suited than other materials for the production of drainage pipes.

• Due to the action of plasticizers ( chemical compositions liquid or solid form), the bases in contact with it acquire such characteristics as plasticity, softness, ductility, simplified processing and reduced labor costs. But even here you can’t do without negative aspects: plasticizers contain chlorine, which is released into the environment in small quantities. If you do not add a plasticizer, then you can get a strong material that does not enter into chemical reactions with water.

This material was invented in the late 80s of the last century. Nowadays, uPVC is used to make a wide variety of products that require resistance to mechanical deformation - from American football helmets to skateboards. And this is not surprising, because this modification of the polymer is the most durable compared to other types of plastic.

• Resistance to external pressure, stretching and compression is explained by the structure of uPVC molecules. Molecules of other plastics are connected by direct bonds, while the bonds of uPVC molecules after the heating process and further cooling of the primary mass acquire a cross-shaped structure. This is the secret of the special rigidity of the material compared to conventional PVC.

Experts carefully examined uPVC pipes and came to the conclusion that they can consistently last up to half a century. Because of this, external pressure and non-pressure sewers are so often constructed from this material.

• UPVC is often referred to as rigid PVC.

By appearance PVC-u pipes differ in wall thickness, length, color and the presence of sockets.

Classification of uPVC pipes according to GOST

Depending on the purpose of use, uPVC pipes can be divided into three main groups:

• pressure - systems that discharge wastewater using pumping stations;
• non-pressure - in other words, gravity pipelines;
• corrugated – suitable for installation work in hard-to-reach areas.

The thicker the walls of uPVC pipes, the greater their resistance to deformation. According to this property UPVC products can be classified as follows:

• lightweight SN2 – ring stiffness up to 2 kN/m2 (the depth of the trench for laying the pipeline should not be deeper than one meter);
• medium SN4 – ring stiffness up to 4 kN/m2 (trench depth up to six meters);
• heavy SN8 - ring stiffness up to 8 kN/m2 (up to eight meters, pipelines can be laid under areas where vehicles often move).

By size, unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipes are divided into:

• uPVC100 ( operating pressure up to 10 MPa) and PVC-U125 (working pressure up to 12.5 MPa) – perfect solution for pressure external drainage system;
• UPVC110 – pipes with a three-layer wall (thickness 3.2 mm), length 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 meters;
• UPVC160 – three-layer walls, wall thickness 4 mm, length 1, 2, 3 and 6 meters, suitable for the construction of gravity sewers, hardness SN2 or SN4;
• UPVC200 – three-layer pipes, wall thickness almost 5 mm;
• PVC250 – three-wall pipes with a wall thickness of 6.2 mm, equipped with sockets and rubber sealing rings;
• PVC315 – three-layer pipes, wall thickness 7.7 mm.

According to the maximum pressure pressure UPVC products can withstand, they are usually divided into the following classes:

• PN6 – max. working pressure 0.6 MPa;
• PN10 - max. working pressure 1.0 MPa;
• PN16 - max. working pressure 1.6 MPa;
• PN20 - max. working pressure 2.0 MPa.

Features of polyvinyl chloride pipes of different colors

In almost every residential or production facility There is a sewer system. Sooner or later, a question may arise related to the renewal and replacement of polymer pipelines, and it is no secret to anyone that independent procurement of materials is not an easy matter. And here it is important to understand that color palette sewer pipes depends on their area of ​​application.

Today manufacturers offer polymer pipes different colors. The existence of color differences is explained by the desire of manufacturers to make life easier for people by unifying their products, which simplifies the process of purchasing the necessary materials.

Let's consider the main purposes of this or that color:

• Gray and white pipes are intended for servicing internal sewer networks. The most common color. Not suitable for external sewer networks due to their technological parameters.
• The material for the production of black pipes is polyethylene. Products of this color are known for their versatility. But they have their own drawback - straight Sun rays they get very hot.
• Drainage outlets are usually constructed from green pipes.
• And finally, redheads sewer pipes, characterized by increased rigidity, are used for laying external pipelines. We will dwell on products of this color in more detail.

Red PVC sewer pipes with 110 or 160 millimeters are much more resistant to temperature changes and aggressive reagents than products of other colors. The same can be said about their durability. In the manufacture of these products, polymers with an improved structure are used. The wall thickness of these pipes is almost twice as large, which is why they are so reliable.

Red pipelines are able to withstand high operating pressure, which makes them indispensable during the construction or repair of external pressure system drainage. It is very important that the red polymer is perfect for use in winter period, where it can easily withstand any load, both internal and external (atmospheric and ground pressure). For example, PVC110 or PVC160 pipes can be safely laid in a trench several meters deep. But green or gray polymer pipes at such a depth crack and collapse relatively quickly. Low temperatures over time do not affect the strength of red pipes. On the contrary, they tolerate low or very high temperatures very well.

Today, plastic pipes have almost completely been forced out of use in sewer systems. metal analogues. They have such operational benefits like durability, low cost, minimum weight and ease of installation, which is achieved through the use of sewer fittings, which we will talk about in this article.

You will learn what sewer fittings exist and what materials they are made from. Varieties of fittings, their standard sizes will be considered, and recommendations for installing a sewer system with your own hands will be given.

Contents of the article

The use of plastic products in sewer lines

For the installation of sewer systems, pipes and fittings are used from materials such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PE (polyethylene) and PN (polypropylene). Unlike steel and cast iron products, which are connected by welding, it is much easier to install plastic pipes, since their joining does not require special equipment.

To the benefits plastic fittings sewerage includes:

• low weight, which facilitates their transportation and installation;
• long service life – the service life of a polymer pipeline reaches up to 50 years, which is achieved due to the material’s complete resistance to corrosion and chemically aggressive substances;
• wide temperature regime– can be used to remove hot waste with temperatures up to 95 degrees;
• a wide range of fittings, different shapes and the dimensions of which allow the formation of a sewer pipeline of any configuration.

They are shaped elements used to connect individual pipes to each other, as well as to connect to a pipeline. Fittings for sewerage have dimensions corresponding to the diameter of pipes on the market.

According to the provisions GOST No. 21.604 “Water supply and sewerage“, for styling internal sewerage you need to use the following PVC sizes pipes:

• bathtub drain pipe – diameter 40 mm (laid with a slope of 1:30);
• shower – diameter 40 mm (slope 1:48);
• toilet bowl – diameter 110 mm (slope 1:20);
• sink – diameter 40 mm (slope 1:12);
• bidet – diameter 40 mm (slope 1:20);
• sink – diameter 40 mm (slope 1:36);
• combined drain for shower, bath and sink – diameter 50 mm (slope 1:48);
• central riser – diameter 110 mm;
• bends from the central riser - 60 mm.

For installation of external communications you need to use pipes with a diameter of 160-200 mm. PVC sewer pipes and fittings are selected so that their sizes match each other.

Features of choosing pipes and fittings for sewerage (video)

Classification of sewer fittings

The variety of connecting elements used for pipeline installation is classified according to two parameters - scope of application and connection method. According to the scope of application, the designs are divided into fittings intended for installation of internal sewerage, and products for external systems.

Depending on the connection method, sewer fittings are classified into:

• bell-shaped (inside plastic construction installed rubber sealing ring), which ensures strong fixation of the pipe and tightness of the entire system;
• for gluing, without sealing ring.

In terms of reliability and durability of the connection, adhesive fittings benefit, since the rubber seal during operation can lose elasticity and shrink, resulting in a gap forming between the walls of the connected structures, which causes leaks.

As an adhesive for PVC installation sewerage systems, compositions based on a mixture of polyvinyl chloride and tetrahydrofuran are used, which, after hardening, form a material according to operational characteristics similar to the plastic from which the pipes themselves are made.

Proven adhesive compositions for installation of polymer pipelines – “ Tangit”, “Vinilit”, “Phoenix” and “Marx”, current VSN 35-86 “Installation instructions plastic pipes”recommends using “ GIPC-127“.

Types of fittings for PVC sewerage

Let's look at the types of fittings for internal sewerage equipped with a rubber O-ring:

1. Coupling - used to connect two parallel pipes to each other; there are also inspection couplings that have an openable window for cleaning the system.
2. Reduction (adapter between different diameters) - used for joining pipes whose dimensions do not match, as well as for connecting cast iron products with plastic ones.
3. Tee - allows you to make a parallel or inclined branch from the main pipeline; they are available with an inclination angle of 45, 65 and 90 degrees.
4. Two-plane cross - makes two perpendicular branches to pipes of identical or different diameters, angles of inclination - 45 0 and 90 0.
5. Single-plane cross - used to arrange two parallel branches, angles 45 0 and 90 0. With the help of crosses they are most often brought down drain pipes from baths, sinks and plumbing fixtures to the main riser.
6. Bend - allows you to rotate the laying of two parallel pipes, angles of 30, 40 and 90 degrees.
7. Compensation - used during repair work to replace a damaged section of the pipeline, which is previously cut out.
8. Plug – blocks the transported liquid during repairs or inspection of the pipeline.
9. Aerator ( sewer valve) – installed on the upper end part sewer riser, blocks the release of sewer gases into the room through the toilet, which can occur due to air vacuum inside the riser, in which the water seal is sucked out of the siphon.

For installation of external sewerage, in addition to the same range of connecting elements as during installation internal system, apply the following types shaped structures:

• – designed to block the reverse flow of circulating fluid in the external pipeline, it is required to be equipped with less than 2 cm;
• double-jointed siphon - connects two parallel pipes, forming a bend at the junction, which creates an obstacle to the reverse flow of sewer gases.

Technical requirements and dimensions of PVC connection fittings are given in the following regulatory documents:

• GOST No. 18559 – for non-pressure sewerage;
• GOST No. 52135 – for pressure systems.

The fitting sizes must be selected according to the diameter of the pipes used. The following standard sizes of shaped structures for external sewerage are available on the market:

• couplings – diameter 110-400 mm (inspection coupling up to 315 mm), length 12-33 cm;
• bends – ∅ 110-400 mm, distance between sockets 1.5-9 cm;
• tee for 450 – ∅ 110-400, length of side sockets 14-53 cm, height from the end part to the beginning of the protrusion of the socket – 14-50 cm;
• check valve - ∅ 110-250, length from 30 to 52 cm;
• two-arm siphon – ∅ 110-200 mm, length 51-82 cm.

PVC fittings for installation of internal sewerage have a diameter range from 50 to 200 mm. For fastening pipes to walls they are used plastic clamps who sit on load-bearing structure using two anchors.

Installation and connection plastic pipeline must be carried out in compliance with the following requirements:

1. Large size PVC pipes are cut using special tool– a pipe cutter, which can be replaced with a grinder or a hacksaw. The main thing is that the cut is perpendicular to the axis of the pipe, since a tight connection cannot be made if there are gaps at the joint.
2. After cutting, the edge of the pipe must be cleaned of burrs using a file and sandpaper.
3. When using adhesive fittings, the joining areas must first be degreased, after which glue can be applied. The composition is applied in an even layer using a brush; excess glue when joining structures is removed with a rag.
4. If fittings with rubber seal contacting surfaces must be coated before installation, which will reduce the risk of leaks. The pipe should not be installed all the way, but so that it forms compensation gap 1 cm. You will need to perform preliminary joining and mark the entry boundary on the pipe.

If done correctly, the sewer pipeline will not require repairs throughout its entire service life.

Every owner wants everything in his household to work, nothing to break, and to be easy to maintain and install. And sewerage is no exception. It needs to require as little attention as possible - it’s very inconvenient if it gets clogged, but it’s no less unpleasant to clean it. If you want to have a trouble-free drainage system, pay attention to plastic sewer pipes. They are gradually replacing cast iron ones, and all because they cost less, are easier to install, and have a large assortment — different diameters and length, almost no deposits form on their smooth walls, and their service life is about 50 years. This whole bouquet of properties determines their popularity.

Types of plastic sewer pipes

• polyethylene (PE):
  • high pressure (HPV) - for internal sewerage distribution;
  • low pressure (LPD) - can be installed outside, in trenches (they have greater strength);
• polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
• polypropylene (PP)

And further whole line other thermoplastics and their combinations, but they are rare - people prefer to use already known materials.

The material of plastic sewer pipes is selected depending on the application. For example, polypropylene is more suitable for installing sewerage inside a house or apartment. It has a higher operating temperature range - it normally tolerates environments up to 70°C, and for a short time - up to 95°C. If there are different household appliances, discharging waste hot water into the sewer, it will not be superfluous. PVC pipes having more than low prices, are more appropriate when laying external sewerage - here the drains are usually already mixed, so the temperatures are lower and PVC can withstand them without harm (working up to +40°C, short-term increase to 60°C).

Sewer pipes can also be smooth or corrugated. Moreover, not only siphon bends can be corrugated. There are profiled pipes for sewerage with an internal smooth wall and an external ribbed one. They have greater strength - they can better withstand compressive loads (they have increased ring rigidity) and can be buried to great depths. Available in diameters from 110 mm to 1200 mm.

Dimensions and diameters

Sewage plastic pipes, unlike water and gas pipes, are produced in the form of lengths of 50 cm, 100 cm, 200 cm, etc. - up to 600 cm. Maximum length- 12 meters, but some manufacturers can make longer sections upon request. This is convenient when laying long routes - fewer connections, fewer possible places for problems to occur (leaks or blockages).

More important characteristics plastic pipes - diameter and wall thickness. In the markings they usually go side by side: the numbers are 160 * 4.2. What does it stand for: outside diameter pipes 160 mm, wall thickness 4.2 mm. Here it is worth remembering that manufacturers indicate the outer diameter of plastic pipes, and for many calculations and planning it is necessary to know the inner one. It is easy to calculate: subtract twice the wall thickness from the outer wall: 160 mm - 4.2 mm * 2 = 151.6 mm. Calculations and tables usually contain a rounded result - in in this case- 150 mm.

In general, the industry produces plastic pipes for sewerage with a diameter of 25 mm. Maximum cross section depends on the type of pipe (smooth or corrugated) and the material from which it is made. For example, smooth PVC sewer pipes can have a diameter of up to 630 mm, and profiled two-layer pipes can have a diameter of up to 1200 mm. But these dimensions are of no use to homeowners or apartment dwellers. In private housing construction, diameters up to 100-110 mm are mainly used, rarely up to 160 mm. Sometimes, for big cottage With big amount plumbing fixtures, you may need a pipe 200-250 mm in diameter.

How to choose a diameter for connecting plumbing fixtures

According to the rules, a calculation must be made; it is fully spelled out in SNiP 2.04.01085. This is a complex matter, a lot of data is required, so few people really think as it should. Over the years, accumulated practice has made it possible to derive the average diameters of polyethylene sewer pipes for each of the plumbing fixtures. You can safely use these developments - all calculations usually come down to these dimensions.

As you can see, plastic pipes for sewerage with a diameter of 30-40 mm are mainly used. Only for the toilet is much needed larger size- 100-110 mm. This is due to the peculiarity of its functioning - it is necessary to take a large number of water. At the same time, there must be room for air in the pipe, otherwise it will break the water seals on other plumbing fixtures and “aromas” from the sewer will enter the room.

When installing, you need to remember a few more rules:

You also need to remember about insulating or heating the sewer outlet in a private house. The vertical section that runs from the outlet to the entrance to the trench must be well insulated. Additionally, they are often used. In the case of sewers, they are usually laid outside and then covered with thermal insulation material.

That's it, that's it. The rules are simple, but if you follow them, everything will work for a long time and without failure.

Features of installation of plastic sewer pipes

Plastic pipes for sewerage on one side end with a socket into which a sealing rubber. The segments are connected simply: a straight edge is inserted into the socket. Since the dimensions are strictly standardized, for hermetic connection this is, in principle, enough. In practice, the O-ring is often additionally coated with silicone plumbing sealant.

When installing sewer plastic pipes, sometimes they have to be cut. It is convenient to do this using a hand saw with a metal blade - the small teeth cut well and leave an almost even edge. You can also use a grinder or jigsaw. In any case, before installing the cut piece, its edge must be processed sandpaper with fine grain - remove possible burrs, make it even. Some piece of waste may get caught on the protruding pieces, and as a result, a blockage may form in this place. Therefore, we carefully smooth out the cut area.

When creating a sewer network in a house or apartment, it is often necessary to make a branch. There are fittings for this - adapters from one diameter to another, tees, angles with different degrees of rotation, etc.