Residents of ordinary city apartments, using sewerage every day, rarely think about how it works. Questions arise only when something leaks or breaks. And even in this case, it is enough to call a specialist from the housing and communal services, who will check everything himself and fix the problem. Owners of private houses have a more difficult time in this regard, because, starting from the construction stage own home and for the rest of your life, you have to understand the issues in this area, often installing the sewer system yourself and repairing it if problems arise. For those who are new to this issue, but does not want to spend extra money on paying for the work of craftsmen, we offer this article in which we will show a video on how to make a sewer with your own hands and tell you about the main features of its installation and operation.

To install sewerage in a private house with your own hands, it is important to design both external and internal networks. The second includes the following components: a drain pipe, a riser and wiring to those rooms in which water is needed, that is, a bathroom and toilet, as well as a kitchen and, possibly, a utility room.

The external one consists of those elements of the integral system that are located outside. The organization of such a network assumes that the laying of pipes will advance to the septic tank, that is, to the place of water filtration and storage system. Of course, it is better if it is possible to use a centralized sewerage system where everyone will gather dirty waters and waste products. But even in the absence of one, it is possible to organize effective drainage cleaning in a private septic tank.

Any professional will tell you that work on a sewer system in a dacha with your own hands should be done with the organization of its internal component. Even at the stage of designing a home, it is important to determine the location of rooms that require water supply next to each other. This will make the sewer wiring process easier.

The diameter of the pipe, which is suitable for draining water from the toilet, is 10-11 centimeters. For those drains that leave the bathroom and kitchen - 5 centimeters, and it is better to use PVC pipes themselves. Those sections of the path where the pipe turns, you need to use elbows. To minimize the risk of blockages, the angle of these elbows should be about 22 degrees.

As for the material for pipes, polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene are more economical and reliable. They differ from cast iron in such characteristics as:

• Price. It is significantly lower, despite the fact that the service life of such pipes is much longer.
• Easy to assemble. Because light material, joining and laying pipes will be easier.

Create a schema

Very important stage Installing a sewer system in a house with your own hands involves design, which also includes marking the places where the collector pipe will be installed. It is most convenient to work on a project on a sheet of paper or on graph paper. In addition, get a sharp pencil, tape measure and ruler.

We offer you a sequence that will help you quickly cope with this painstaking stage:

1. You need to draw up a complete plan of your premises to scale. You can use the diagram you have, or draw it again yourself, measuring the areas and perimeters of the rooms using a tape measure.
2. On ready plan mark the places where risers will be installed;
3. Use symbols to indicate those places in the rooms where plumbing fixtures will be installed (toilets, sinks, bathtubs);
4. The next step is to draw the pipes that should connect the above-mentioned devices. It is important to indicate on the plan all connecting elements;
5. Repeat the above manipulations for each floor;
6. Next, you need to calculate the dimensions of the future riser;
7. Calculate the total length sewer pipes throughout the premises, including exits to the street.

After making a plan internal sewerage, you can move on to the second stage - planning the external network, which is pipes that go from the outlet to the septic tank. The plan must comply with all sanitary standards adopted by law.

Types of sewer pipes

Considering that all the work of laying a sewer system in a private house with our own hands is divided into two parts, the pipes must be selected in accordance with the type of work. For the internal network, pipes are made of PP or PVC. They are gray and in diameter from four to eleven centimeters (for risers and sunbeds, as well as for outlets, respectively). For the external part of the system, it is necessary to use pipes made of more durable materials and other colors. For example, to lay pipes underground in the area from the outlet to the filtration point, loud red pipes are used. The explanation is quite simple: this color stands out brightly on the ground. As for the performance characteristics, the pipe for the street is stiffer and stronger, because it needs to support a heavy layer of soil.

There are two-layer and corrugated pipes in production - they are more durable. But the depth when installing a sewer system is rarely more than three meters, so the average owner simply does not need them.

The standard diameter of red pipes is 11 centimeters. Usually this size is sufficient for normal functioning sewer system.

1. Cast iron pipes. These pipes are very durable and can withstand significant loads, but cast iron itself is a fairly fragile material, so during the use of such pipes, corrosion can form on their inner surface, which often causes blockages.
2. Polypropylene pipes. This option is lightweight and flexible. They are very convenient to install in the interior of the building. They are resistant to high temperatures.
3. Polyvinyl chloride pipes. This is a fairly cheap and light weight option. Such pipes are used to organize an external sewerage network. Minuses - low level resistance to high temperatures and fragility.

How to make a sewer with your own hands

The most difficult process in working on organizing a sewer system in a private house is the laying of the pipes and their distribution to the rooms. If you have concluded that you can refuse the services of a plumber and do this work yourself, then try to enlist the support of at least one more man. This will not only reduce time, but also improve the quality of work.

Modern market building materials offers wide choose suitable for laying pipes, tees, elbows, revisions made of materials such as PP and PVC.

To ensure high sealing of your pipes, it is advisable to coat the joints with sealant, which is usually made from silicone.

You may also need sleeves that are inserted at the intersections of pipes with walls and ceilings.

An important parameter that must be taken into account when working on laying pipes is their slope. In accordance with regulations you need to calculate the angle of inclination of the pipe in accordance with the diameter. For example, with a diameter of 5 centimeters, the angle should be 3 centimeters for each linear meter, with a diameter of 10-11 centimeters - 2 centimeters per linear meter. Do not forget that you will have to place the pipes at different heights in the horizontal plane.

If both parts of the sewer network in your premises are at the same level, then it is advisable to start assembly from the connection point.

To explain the work on this point, we need a term such as release. This is the part of the sewer system that is located at the border of the house and is the junction of the pipe leading to the septic tank with the sewer outlet from the building.

The outlet should be laid just below the level where the soil freezes, if it is not possible to organize high-quality thermal insulation of the pipe. If done correctly, the pipes will not freeze on cold days.

Organization of the cleaning system

Any person who has at least minimal skills in the field of construction and passionately wants to save money on the services of a specialist can install an external sewer system. The main thing in the external network is the cleaning system, that is, the septic tank. Its design consists of one or more bowls that pass pipes through them. Subsequent options for organizing filtration may be different.

The volume of the septic tank must correspond to the number of people living in the house.

The construction of a septic tank occurs in the following sequence:

1. Purchase of appropriate size concrete rings.
2. Thinking through the filtering method Wastewater;
3. Preparing a trench for laying pipes and a pit for installing a septic tank;
4. Connecting all parts into a single structure;
5. Laying pipes in a trench, sealing joints;
6. Manufacturing of septic tank ventilation;
7. Thermal and waterproofing and filling the structure with soil.

When deciding to tackle the sewer system in your home with your own hands, be prepared for the fact that it will take quite a lot of time and your patience. You will need to dig up more than one cubic meter of soil and study more than one page of reference literature. For clarity, we suggest you watch a video on how to make a sewer with your own hands.

Filimonov Evgeniy

Reading time: 9 minutes

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How to create a sewer system in a private house. External and internal sewerage. Selection of materials and location of sewerage. Installation of pipes and sewer drains.

When building a mansion, the sewage system in a private house should play an important role. After all, the comfort of living and the availability of repair work sewerage in the future.

Stages of laying a sewer system. Materials for creating sewerage. Internal and external sewerage, what are the differences between them. Choosing a location. Arrangement options. Selection of necessary pipes. Tips and recommendations for reliable installation.

When constructing a new building, sewerage is an integral part. With modern materials and the amount of useful information on the Internet, finding out how to correctly design a sewerage system in a private house with your own hands will not be a problem.

By following simple requirements, you can easily install the waste system yourself, since you do not have to use outdated, bulky materials.

Since the old grandfather's toilet has lost its relevance, especially in the cold season, three main types of waste systems are currently in use:

• A system connected to a collective or city sewer;
• Stationary waste collection point;
• Sealed tank;
• Stationary sewer well without bottom;
• Biosewage installation diagram.

The principles of installing a pipe system in the house and up to the collector are almost the same for all types. It is convenient to make all the wiring around the house from PVC, and it is more rational to make the connection to the collection point with a HDPE pipe technical purposes, since its length allows a dockless method. The main branch connected to the toilet is laid with a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, all other standard water points (sink, washing machine, shower cabin), connected to common system pipes of 50 diameter.

The only requirement is an angle of 2-3° in horizontal sections to ensure optimal water flow.

PVC sewer pipes have their advantages and disadvantages when installing a waste system:

• An easy way to connect. The entire circuit is assembled like a construction kit, pipes and components are simply inserted into each other;
• The materials are light in weight compared even to HDPE materials;
• A simple method of fastening, including on a vertical surface;
• The only drawback is the maximum freely accessible length of 6 m.

Do-it-yourself sewerage diagram in a private house

Do-it-yourself installation of a sewerage system in a private house is possible for all types of sewerage, except biosewage. To implement this option, it is recommended to contact specialists. All others can be mounted independently, but when connected to central system, you will need a package of admission documents.

Where to start

The first point is to select the type of collection point. The most profitable is connecting to the general city branch. The user makes a one-time investment in installation and required materials and pays a symbolic amount monthly for services. This option is not always feasible for suburban construction, but there is an alternative.

Stationary sewerage scheme for a private house: depth of laying the pipe to the tank

The reservoir can be made of different materials.

It could be:

• Metal or plastic tank;
• Concrete structure;
• Concrete rings installed on a concrete base.

This method is acceptable even if there is a water well on the site, since liquid waste with good waterproofing does not penetrate into the soil. The only drawback is waste Money for the services of vacuum cleaners. A septic tank, as a rule, is installed at a depth of 1.5-2 m. It is strongly recommended that the pipeline be laid below the freezing level of the soil, which can be determined using a special map.

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Depending on the number of water collection points, the working volume of the container is selected, but it should be taken into account that the standard volume of a sewer truck is 3 m3, that is, the volume of your container must be a multiple of this figure.

For example, if the tank volume is 5 m3, you will either overpay for the services of a second machine, or 2 m3 of working volume will be filled once and become useless.

In the case of a standard family of 4 people, with periodic washing, showering, and washing dishes, a container with a volume of 3 m3 is filled on average in two weeks.

Option with leaky waste collection point

When implementing this type of sewage system, the location of the waste collection point is very important. Minimum distance from the house and outbuildings to the cesspool is 6-10 m. Otherwise, liquid drains wash away the soil and sandy base of the foundation.

Execution options:

• Concrete rings installed on a drainage pad;
• Brick version of the cesspool;
• Metal or plastic barrels with holes.

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Note! When using barrels, the base is laid out with gravel, since the weight of the poured soil will press the container into loose soil.

When laying a sewer system in a private house, it is recommended to make the ditch with a slope exceeding an angle of 2-3° for a more efficient process. The depth of the ditch for each case is different, depending on the size of the site and its location relative to the access roads.

Basic principles of sewer pipeline construction

Depending on the number of communication drainage points, a diagram of the internal arrangement of pipes is drawn up. For convenience, the diagram is drawn on graph paper. In case of construction two-story building, in order to save materials, it is recommended to locate toilets and secondary drain points as close to the collector as possible. The main collector is mounted along one vertical line on all planned floors, all subsequent parts of the system are connected in series to the main line.

Assembly technology PVC materials very simple, since any pipe can be shortened to the right size. Also each node with closed system It is recommended to be equipped with an emergency adapter in case of blockage, or an adapter of a larger diameter.

It is recommended to connect nodes located in closed walls using sealant. It is recommended to avoid 90° angles, this reduces the risk of clogging.

Operating principle of a water seal

Water valve prevents penetration unpleasant odors from the sewer into the room. Its device has the same design, the only differences are in size. The water serves as a kind of plug.

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Note! In the event of a long period of inactivity without operation, the water evaporates and the water seal loses its functional qualities.

Vacuum valves and drain pipe

These two concepts are unknown to most people outside the plumbing profession. The purpose of these two elements is to prevent air discharge in the system when draining a large amount of water or during the operation of vacuum cleaners, at the time of pumping waste from the storage tank.

Undoubtedly, installing a sewer system is the simplest stage of construction compared to electricity or building walls, but there are many pitfalls at this stage.

Here is a list of some of them:

• When purchasing pipes and components, check for the presence of a rubber gasket in the socket. She often gets lost;
• It is strongly not recommended to connect the drain pipe to the ventilation system;
• When standard set points of water consumption (one toilet, two sinks, washing machine, shower), it is not necessary to install a drain pipe, you can limit yourself to a vacuum valve;
• At PVC laying pipes into the ditch, carefully monitor the joints, as the joints are unstable;
• It is strongly recommended to install an emergency drain for cleaning the sewer. It is installed as close as possible to the point where the pipe enters the house, in an accessible place.

Compared to other stages of construction, sewerage is the easiest to install, with the exception of biosewage. Consult with specialists or select specialized literature, as rash actions can destroy bacteria present in the storage tank. For example, from a bleach-based toilet cleaner, bacteria will take a week to recover.

Regardless of whether it is connected a private house to a central or autonomous sewer system, a wastewater disposal system on the street must be equipped independently. Before you begin this work, you need to develop an installation scheme that allows you to avoid minimum size pipelines and sewer network distributions.

This will reduce the cost of purchasing material and increase the efficiency of the wastewater disposal system. Particular attention should be paid to the depth of pipe laying, the angle of their inclination and the reliability of flange connections, since the performance of the sewer depends on these parameters.

Connecting a private house to the sewer system

Circumstances and layout of external sewerage

The external part of the sewer system in a private house connects the outlet of the internal drain with a pipeline network to a waste storage tank located on the site, or to the central sewer system. Read about the internal wiring in the house in the article. The laying of external sewer pipes is carried out according to a pre-developed scheme, taking into account the following circumstances:

• terrain features;
• weather;
• remoteness of wells and reservoirs;
• the total volume of wastewater, depending on the number of people permanently residing in the house;
• the depth of soil freezing and its composition;
• access paths for a vacuum truck, if necessary.

In the laying scheme external sewerage It is imperative to provide for its ventilation, since otherwise, over time, unpleasant odors will penetrate into living spaces. Read about the rules for sewer ventilation in the article. Ventilation is arranged using fan pipe, which can be placed on the lid of the septic tank or on a section of the pipeline running from the house to the wastewater storage tank.

Scheme of arrangement of an autonomous external sewerage system

The septic tank is equipped at the lowest point geological relief area of ​​the site. This arrangement allows for the most optimal installation of external sewerage. It should be laid in a straight line to the location of the outlet pipe of the internal wastewater disposal system.

Choosing a drain location

When choosing the location of the drain, you should first of all make sure that the unpleasant odor does not penetrate into the living quarters. As a result, it should be located no closer than five meters from the house. The optimal distance would be ten meters; it is also not worth placing the septic tank too far away, since this significantly increases the cost of carrying out work on laying the pipeline network. The external sewage system should not be connected to the house at a right angle. In addition, the following must be taken into account:

• water sources should be located no closer than thirty meters;
• a septic tank cannot be installed on the border of a neighboring plot;
• for ease of pumping out sewage, it is better to locate the drain close to the road;
• Particularly careful sealing of the storage tank is necessary when soil water is close to each other;
• The laying of the pipeline network is facilitated by the natural slope of the area.

Rules for placing a septic tank on the site

The cesspool for sewage has been used since ancient times. Previously, no effort was wasted on sealing its walls, and when the hole was filled, they covered it with earth and dug a new one. Now the walls are laid out of brick, concrete rings and other building materials.

Liquid fractions of waste seep through the soil at the bottom, filtering; solid components gradually fill the mine, and after some time they need to be pumped out.

Arranging a cesspool is advisable if the volume of wastewater in a private house does not exceed one cubic meter per day. If this norm is exceeded, pollution will occur. environment.

Instead of a cesspool, you can equip a sealed container to accumulate wastewater. In this case, the bottom and walls of the shaft are thoroughly waterproofed. This prevents the possibility of contamination of soil and drinking water sources. The disadvantage of this system is the need for frequent cleaning, since the sealed container fills up quite quickly.

Deciding on the type of treatment plant

Sewage treatment plants for a private home are equipped in the form of a simple cesspool without a bottom or a sealed container for wastewater. A single-chamber septic tank with soil treatment or a two-chamber septic tank with a filter well can improve wastewater filtration. It is possible to build three chambers with a filtration field, as well as using a biofilter and an air supply system.

Septic tank with filtration from tires

A single-chamber septic tank is essentially a cesspool with a drainage layer. Crushed stone or gravel mixed with sand is poured into the bottom of the well. Passing through the filter layer, liquid waste fractions are purified before entering the soil. After some time, the drainage layer needs to be replaced, as silt deposits are deposited on it. A single-chamber septic tank is suitable for a private house with a small volume of wastewater.

A two-chamber septic tank consists of a storage tank and a filter well, which are connected by an overflow pipe. In the settling tank, the feces are partially clarified and then fall into a shaft with a drainage layer at the bottom. They seep into the soil already sufficiently purified.

A two-chamber septic tank is a popular sewerage option for a private home, as it does not require large financial costs for its equipment and works efficiently.

Installing a septic tank with two or more chambers, as well as a filtration field, virtually eliminates the possibility of environmental pollution. After settling in the first container, the partially clarified wastewater flows through the overflow pipe into the next chamber with anaerobic bacteria that decompose organic residues. Read about how to make a septic tank with your own hands from scrap materials in the article

Having consistently passed through all sections, the wastewater enters the filtration field, which is an underground area of ​​​​about thirty square meters, where final soil purification occurs. If there is free space on the site, this method of arranging a sewer system is optimal.

Diagram of a septic tank with a biofilter

A septic tank with a biofilter is a deep sewage treatment station. According to the principle of operation, it is similar to a treatment system with a filtration field, only in this case it is replaced by a water separator and anaerobic bacteria introduced at the outlet of the overflow pipe into the fourth section, which purify the wastewater by approximately ninety-five percent. This water can be used for technical needs.

It is irrational to install deep cleaning stations in private houses with periodic residence, since if a sewer system of a similar design is not used constantly, the bacteria that decompose organic residues die. In addition, they are quite expensive.

Laying depth of sewer pipes

The depth of soil freezing is a fundamental factor when burying sewer pipes into the ground. They need to be laid below the freezing point, otherwise they will freeze in winter, and it will be impossible to use the sewer until the spring thaw. The appearance of even small ice build-ups on the internal surfaces of pipelines leads to a decrease in their permeability and the formation of blockages.

Map of standard freezing depths

IN southern regions the depth of laying sewer pipes is fifty centimeters or more, in the central regions - seventy centimeters or more. You need to know exactly the depth of soil freezing in your region so as not to go deeper into the ground than necessary, since in this case the costs of doing the work will increase.

Organization of sewer pipe removal from the house

The organization of the removal of the sewer pipe from the house depends on the stage of readiness for operation of the building. If the house has just been built, the foundation may shrink, so it is necessary to drill a hole in it for the outlet of the sewer pipe with a noticeably larger diameter than the cross-section of the pipe itself.

Options for drainage schemes from the house

If the house is just being built, the outlet pipe can be walled up during the process of laying the foundation. The foundation of a house built several years ago will no longer settle, so the diameter of the hole drilled for the outlet pipe does not need to be increased. Plumbing fixtures should be located at a short distance from the common drain, since in this case it is easier to connect them to the common outlet. If the house has two or more floors, the bathrooms should be placed one above the other, and in this case you can get by with one riser.

Do-it-yourself installation of external sewerage in a private house

The external sewerage system consists of a cleaning tank and a pipeline system connecting the septic tank to the house. Before performing installation work, a diagram of the external sewerage system is drawn on the site plan.

Practical options for removing sewerage from the house

Then special pipes with a diameter of at least 100 mm are selected, intended for outdoor use. Usually they have Orange color. A trench is dug to lay the pipeline. Its depth is selected depending on climatic features terrain, composition and characteristics of the soil, as well as other factors. If necessary, the pipeline network is insulated.

The most labor-intensive part of the work when installing a sewer system with your own hands in a private house is digging a pit for a cesspool or septic tank. Optimal distance The distance the septic tank is removed from the house is about ten meters.

The volume of the storage tank directly depends on the number of people permanently residing in the house and the frequency of their use of plumbing fixtures.

Connect the storage container to the outlet of the internal sewer drain best in a straight line, bends and turns in the piping system increase the likelihood of clogging. For ease of cleaning, a long line in places where the direction changes should be equipped with inspection hatches.
This is what a properly equipped outdoor sewer system looks like

Wastewater moves through pipeline system by gravity, under the influence of gravitational forces, so you need to withstand correct angle tilt If it is too small, large pieces of waste will be retained and the drain will become clogged.

If the slope is too great, solid fractions will be thrown towards the walls of the pipe, and again it will become clogged. You will find information about the correct slope of the sewer in the article

The desired angle is maintained and controlled building level when digging a trench, its depth increases as it approaches the storage tank or central sewer. A shock-absorbing cushion, which is a filling of sand, is placed at the bottom of the ditch, and pipes are laid directly on it. If it is necessary to change the slope angle of the pipes, sand in in the right place pours in.

Important operational parameter sewer system is the depth of the pipeline network. It must be below the freezing point of the soil in a given region. Otherwise, in winter, frozen wastewater can rupture the pipeline network and damage the sewer system. To carry out repair work, you will have to wait for the spring thaw.

How to properly insulate a pipe

To prevent emergency situations during the cold season, it is better to insulate the sewer system. Many have good thermal insulation properties. modern materials, such as polyurethane foam, fiberglass or mineral wool. You can properly insulate a pipe by simply wrapping it with insulation and placing it in a shell made of a mixture of asbestos and cement.

Options for insulating external sewerage

Can also be secured over thermal insulation plastic film. In the cold northern regions To protect sewer pipes from freezing, the insulating layer is additionally equipped with an electric heating system. In any case, the pipeline network must be laid below the level of soil freezing depth, especially if snowdrifts that melt in the spring form on the surface. An interesting experience in laying external sewer pipes can be gleaned from the following video.

It is difficult to call a private house comfortable if it is not equipped with a well-thought-out, well-functioning drainage system. It is as much a part of civilized existence as electricity, ventilation and heating. Such an important component of the home communications network is subject to requirements for environmental friendliness and efficiency; The drainage system of a private home should be simple to install and easy to use.

Schematic diagram of a sewer system in a private house

One of the main issues of improvement is sewerage for a private house; How to design it correctly and what to focus on during installation will help you understand the rules, tested empirically.

Types of sewerage systems in a private house

All houses located in the private sector are divided into two categories:

Houses with the ability to connect to the city (central) network. In most cases - best option, with a long service life and no problems with maintenance, unplanned expenses and water quality control.

Houses in which the connection to centralized system impossible. The fact that the city network is unavailable is not a reason to give up comfort. In such conditions, the installation of sewerage in a private house is reduced to an autonomous option, where water purification and waste disposal occur in locally installed treatment facilities.

You can also combine sewer and drainage systems

The autonomous sewerage system includes:

Internal sewerage responsible for collecting wastewater and discharging it outside. This includes internal wiring (piping system), as well as plumbing and household appliances.

External sewerage. Its elements are external piping and a water purification device (septic tank or autonomous sewage system).

The most suitable type of individual cleaning equipment (in terms of performance) is selected taking into account several factors:

seasonality of living in the house;

intensity of water use;

plot size, soil type and structure;

level groundwater;

climatic conditions region.

The first stage of sewerage installation is the development of a preliminary project diagram.

Rules for drawing up a sewerage diagram in a house

The sewerage diagram in a private house is tied to the house plan. It must contain the key elements of the system - a riser (if the building has more than one floor), pipe markings (internal wiring, corners and turns), water drainage points.

When designing, it is important to remember that an overly complicated circuit will cause problems in the future during operation and repair.

Internal wiring is laid during the construction of the house. Its installation begins when the roof of the house and ceilings are installed, but Finishing work premises has not yet been completed. External sewerage is installed after the internal system is fully equipped. Below is a sewerage diagram for a private two-story house:

General diagram of internal sewerage in a two-story house

The procedure for drawing up the diagram:

All drawings are drawn to scale, the location of the riser installation, pipe laying lines, the number of drain points (plumbing connections and household appliances).

The size of the riser is determined, the total length of the pipeline is calculated (taking into account the outlet), and the exit point from the main riser structure.

In places where blockages may form, cleaning and inspection are provided.

A separate drawing is constructed for each floor.

The size and installation location of the sewer pipe are calculated (in large sewer systems it prevents the occurrence of vacuum in the sewer pipe)

The external communications scheme is based on the same principle.

On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer the service of design and installation of sewerage and water supply. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

About the sewerage diagram with a waste pipe in the video:

Selection of pipes for internal sewerage

The following categories of pipes are allowed by building codes:

Cast iron. Traditional (until recently) solution. Cast iron products are strong, corrosion-resistant and durable. The disadvantage is the weight and roughness inner surface. The latter quality contributes to the formation of deposits and blockages. Pipes are ideal for laying in the ground.

Plastic. They are lighter and cheaper than cast iron analogues, have smooth surface, but less durable. Pipes for indoor wiring are gray in color; intended for external use made of orange plastic. The most popular options include:

Pipes from PVC(polyvinyl chloride). Frost-resistant and wear-resistant, the main disadvantage is high hardness. They soften at high temperatures and are mainly used in outdoor work.

Pipes from PP(polypropylene). Elastic, lightweight and wear-resistant. They are valued for their heat resistance (soften only at 140 C°), making them ideal for indoor use.

Plastic pipes for internal and external circuits

Less common ceramic And asbestos-cement analogues.

In practice, installation of sewerage in a private house is in most cases carried out using products from polymer materials(plastic). The choice is determined by the lack of corrosion (plastic is resistant to the aggressive environment of wastewater), and easy installation of structures.

How to make a sewer line

The most labor-intensive part of the work is considered to be the installation of sewerage for a private home; how to carry it out correctly is indicated in the design and installation rules.

Inside the house

Elements of the sewerage system for a private house are installed parallel to the construction of the building. Holes for internal wiring are laid during the construction of walls, partitions and ceilings.

The sewerage installation technology provides for several types of pipes:

Sewer riser, diameter 100 mm.

Main (between the riser and the outlet); diameter 70 mm.

Tap-off (connected to washbasin, bathtub, washing machine) – 50 mm.

Completed installation of the outlet pipe

The drainage system inside the house is gravity (non-pressure). To avoid blockages, pipes are installed with a slope, the magnitude of which is controlled by the level and depends on the diameter. A sewer pipe with a diameter of 40–50 mm is given a slope of 30 mm per linear meter, with a diameter of 100 mm – 20 mm.

Completed ceiling wiring

Horizontal wiring is carried out using oblique tees and adapters (crosses) for connection. Turns are carried out using two knees with a smooth bend at an angle of 45°; This arrangement reduces the risk of clogging. After each turn, inspections (cleaning) are provided. Right angles are permissible only in vertically located structures.

Fan pipe

If a large amount of waste suddenly enters the sewer, the latter can completely fill the entire diameter of the pipe. At the same time, when the drains go down, an area of ​​low water is created behind them. atmospheric pressure(vacuum), into which water from the siphon and air from the room are sucked in with characteristic sounds.

When the pressure equalizes, without a water plug, the smell from the sewer enters the room through the siphons. To prevent the occurrence of vacuum, a drain pipe with an air valve is installed - they are responsible for maintaining atmospheric pressure in all parts of the sewer system.

Features of the fan pipe:

It is designed and installed 50-70 cm above the roof.

It is prohibited to combine it with a chimney or ventilation.

It is not placed near windows or balconies.

Outlet of the exhaust (waste) pipe through the roof

External part

Installation of the external part of the sewer system begins after determining the location of the septic tank.

The outlet (the link between the external and internal sewerage at the boundary of the room) is laid in the foundation of the house below the freezing point of the soil and is thermally insulated. If it was not provided for when laying the foundation, it is necessary to drill a hole for the protective sleeve, 200-250 mm wider than the diameter of the pipe. Its edge should protrude 15 cm from each side of the foundation. The space between the sleeve and the outlet pipe is filled with foam.

Laying external communications

It is reasonable to place wet rooms (kitchen, bathroom) nearby and at the same time as close as possible to the central riser. This will help reduce the length of sewer lines to the riser, which will facilitate installation and further maintenance.

A large project (swimming pool, bathhouse, sauna) and additional plumbing means a large volume of waste. A carefully designed water supply and drainage system, additional risers and septic tanks, and a pump connection will be required.

Sewage pipes in a private house can be located under the floor, in the walls, or laid on top. A water seal is installed near the sink, in the shower and in the toilet, thanks to which foreign odors will not be able to penetrate into the premises.

It is unacceptable to arbitrarily change the slope. Its increase will lead to a deterioration in the self-cleaning of the system and the appearance of loud noises. As the slope decreases, the flow of water slows down, which can lead to blockages.

Slope control when laying sewerage

The difficult terrain of the site creates additional problems for laying a pipeline with a slope. In this case, an axonometric diagram is constructed that allows one to determine the position of the sewerage elements in space. If difficult places there is no way around it, the solution is to install a pump.

You can clearly see some of the nuances of sewerage in the video:

Conclusion

A well-designed and organized sewage system will help create minimum required comfort for the inhabitants of the house. Achieving this worthy goal is facilitated by the involvement of specialized specialists. And it doesn’t matter whether it’s a wooden or brick house - the principles of operation of the system are the same everywhere.

From this article you can learn how to create a sewer system in a private house with your own hands: a diagram on the basis of which the construction of a waste system is carried out, its step-by-step production with useful tips and recommendations from specialists, information on pipeline laying and related procedures. Review of popular types of sewage systems, their features, specificity for suburban areas and prices for them.

Unlike city apartments, not every private or Vacation home has all communication systems. Therefore, the owners of such housing are forced to install them themselves in order to ensure basic comfort conditions. If the organization of this system, along with water supply, was initially included in the building design, then there should be no problems with their construction. It is much more difficult if you have to turn on the sewerage system diagram in a private house, which is already ready.

The simplest option for implementing such an idea would be a project in which the sink and shower are installed inside the building, and the toilet is located outside it on the street. In this case, you can do without complex work on laying the pipeline, as well as installation treatment facilities. This scheme involves removing the sewer pipe from the house and supplying it to the sewer pit.

The second option is more difficult, since the toilet, shower and sink in this case are located inside the building. If you make incorrect calculations or violate the system construction technology, there is a risk of polluting the site and the water located nearby with waste. In such situations, you cannot do without a septic tank.

Helpful advice! Experts recommend placing the toilet, bathroom and kitchen areas nearby. Due to this, it is possible to organize a single collector, thanks to which the waste liquid will be directed to a waste pit or septic tank.

How to choose a sewerage scheme for a private one-story house

To choose the right sewerage system and scheme for its creation, you need to consider the following factors:

• whether the house is used for permanent or temporary residence;
• level groundwater;
• the number of people living in the house on a permanent basis;
• daily water consumption taking into account the needs of residents and household appliances such as a dishwasher or washing machine;
• climatic conditions;
• square summer cottage to determine accessible areas for installation of a cleaning system;
• type of soil and features of its structure;
• regulatory requirements of SNIP.

Conditionally existing systems sewers can be divided into two categories: storage and purification. A more detailed classification will allow you to choose the type of system that suits the operating conditions, since even schemes of the same type can have significant differences.

A cesspool is most often used for areas with a house used for temporary residence, for example, only a week a month. This does not consume a large amount of water. An important condition is that the groundwater level lies no higher than 1 m from the bottom of the pit. Otherwise, water pollution from wastewater is inevitable. This type of sewer system is rarely used in modern construction.

Capacities accumulative type used for the construction of sewerage in a private house when high level groundwater. Since the tank is sealed, there is no risk of waste contaminating the soil. However, this system has disadvantages. Firstly, there are additional costs associated with the need to call a sewer truck to periodically pump out wastewater. Secondly, the plan will have to provide a place for this equipment to enter the site and its placement.

Types of sewers in a private house with your own hands: photos and features of septic tanks

Single-chamber septic tanks are the simplest soil purification systems. Their principle of operation is in many ways similar to cesspools. The scheme is suitable if the groundwater does not lie high. If the house is used for permanent residence and there is an active use of water, it is not recommended to use a single-chamber septic tank scheme for sewer construction.

Two-chamber septic tanks also depend on the location of the groundwater level. It is desirable that they lie at least 1 m below the bottom of the system.

Helpful advice! In order for the sewage system in the form of a two-chamber septic tank to function normally, it is recommended that the sand and crushed stone that was used during construction be changed every 5 years.

Septic tanks with biological filters are considered the best sewerage systems in a private house where people live on a permanent basis. To process waste, special microorganisms are used, which are poured into the water. There are no restrictions on such sewerage; you just need to connect to the electrical network.

A septic tank with a filtration field carries out two methods of cleaning at once - soil and biological. The tank is divided into two sections. Installation of such a sewer system is possible only if the groundwater lies at a depth of at least 2.5-3 m. Construction will require a significant amount of free space. Moreover, the distance to neighboring buildings, as well as the nearest water sources, should not be less than 30 m.

Aeration tanks or systems with forced air supply are very expensive, but due to their advantages they are worth the money spent. Such structures are not limited in terms of installation, however, they require a power source and the constant presence of people. The minimum price of sewerage for a private house with installation in this case is approximately $4,000.

How to properly make a sewer system in a private house yourself

The construction of any communications must be carried out according to a previously developed and approved project. Such a project usually has a diagram for creating internal and external sewerage wiring in a private house with your own hands.

Internal system includes:

• risers;
• highways;
• areas for connecting plumbing fixtures.

Plumbing fixtures include items such as a shower stall that does not have a tray, a bathtub, a sink and a toilet. The internal system ends with an outlet pipe. This item located at the level of the foundation part of the building.

When arranging an external sewer system in a dacha with your own hands, there must be an external pipeline that ensures the drainage of wastewater from the building, as well as storage or purification equipment. When the project is ready and approved, you can determine the optimal diameter and size of the pipes, as well as the amount of material required for the work. At the same stage, a sewer collector is selected.

Helpful advice! During the construction process, it is better to rely on the requirements regulatory documents. SNIPs will help you decide how to properly install a sewer system in a private house, as well as eliminate errors in the design process.

Choosing a place to install a septic tank for the sewage system of a country house with your own hands

When installing a sewer system, choosing a location for installing a septic tank is extremely important. The following factors influence its placement:

• depth of groundwater;
• relief features of the site (since the movement of water within the system is carried out by gravity, the slope of the territory should be taken into account);
• soil freezing level in winter time;
• placement of drinking water sources;
• soil structure.

Sandy soils have a loose structure. Due to this, liquid can easily pass through the soil, so there is a possibility of contamination of groundwater with waste.

When installing a septic structure, it is important to adhere to certain requirements:

1. The distance from a residential building is at least 5 m.
2. Distance from the source of drinking water (well) – 30 m.
3. The distance from green spaces is at least 3 m.

In addition, it will be necessary to equip an area for the entry of sewage disposal equipment.

Installation of internal sewerage for a private home: how to organize the work correctly

On the diagram of the internal sewerage system in a private house, you need to mark all the points of the system with your own hands. First, the central riser is installed. The optimal pipe diameter is 110 mm. To ensure that gases leave the room without hindrance, the riser should be installed so that its upper part is discharged into the attic or protrudes above the level of the roof of the building. The central riser must be located at a distance of at least 4 m from the windows of the building.

Next, a horizontal pipeline is laid. Installing inspection hatches will allow you to monitor the condition of the system and promptly clean it. These elements must be placed at the lowest point of the sewer and above the toilet.

For each plumbing fixture it is necessary to provide a siphon with a water seal. This will prevent unpleasant odors from entering the room. When laying a sewer system in a private house with your own hands, it is recommended to avoid turning at an angle of 90°. These elements make it difficult to move wastewater.

The pipe coming from the toilet is connected directly to the system. To do this, it is better to use a pipe with a minimum diameter of 100 mm. For the bathtub and sink, you can take a smaller pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. The line should be placed at an angle that will ensure the movement of liquid. You also need to make a blank in the foundation for a hole to bring the system out. A check valve must be installed on this pipe to prevent wastewater from flowing back into the system.

Helpful advice! If it is not possible to eliminate 90° turns, the rotating area of ​​the pipeline can be made from two 45° corner pieces.

Do-it-yourself sewer installation technique in a private house: preparation for installation of a septic tank

The design is a two-chamber collector, the sections of which are connected to each other using an overflow pipe. To begin with, a pit is dug 3 m deep of the required volume, taking into account the number of permanent residents in the house. It can be formed manually or using special equipment (excavator). At the bottom it is necessary to arrange a sand cushion up to 15 cm thick.

Then a formwork structure is formed on the basis of chipboard or boards. It must be strengthened with a reinforcing belt, which is made of metal rods. Bandaging is carried out using steel wire. After this, you need to make two holes in the formwork and install pipe scraps in them. This will create the entry zones for the system main and the overflow pipe connecting the sections.

The formwork structure is concreted. To ensure that the solution is distributed evenly, you need to use a vibrating tool. The septic tank must be monolithic, so it is filled once.

Related article:

Review of available methods for treating wastewater. The operating principle of various sewerage devices.

Instructions for installing external sewerage: installation of a two-chamber septic tank

The bottom of the first compartment must be formed by pouring concrete. The result should be a sealed section that will be used as a sump. Here the separation of solid large fractions will occur, which will settle at the bottom. Clarified, partially purified water will accumulate on top. Due to connecting pipe it will fall into the next compartment.

Helpful advice! The use of aerobic bacteria will enhance the decomposition of solid particles.

There is no need to organize the bottom in the second compartment. The section is made on the basis of monolithic walls. Laying one on top of the other will also work. The recommended diameter size is 1-1.5 m. A thick cushion of sediment is formed at the bottom of the compartment, which acts as a filter for wastewater. Pebbles, crushed stone, and gravel are suitable for these purposes.

An overflow pipe is installed between the two compartments. The inclination angle is 30 mm per linear meter. This pipe is located at the level of the upper third. Most often the owners summer cottages when installing a sewer system in a private house, they use a two-section design, although it is possible to equip a septic tank even with 4 compartments, which will provide best level cleaning.

You can also make the ceiling for the septic tank yourself. For this, formwork and concrete are used. As an alternative, reinforced concrete slabs can be used. It is mandatory to install an inspection hatch that allows monitoring the exhaust and filling of sections. Then the pit must be filled with soil or sand. The septic tank should be cleaned every 2-3 years.

Organization of sewerage wiring for a private house: how to lay the pipeline correctly

A pipeline must be laid from the area where the sewer pipe leaves the foundation to the septic tank. The pipeline must be located at a slope, which will ensure the drainage of waste water. The larger the diameter of the pipes used, the smaller the angle of inclination required for full operation of the pipeline. The average is 2°.

In the diagram, the depth of laying sewerage in a private house with your own hands should be below the level of soil freezing in winter. The average is 1 m. In warm regions, there is no need to deepen the pipes; 0.7 m will be enough. If the house is located in a cold region, the depth should be increased to 1.5 m. At the bottom of the trench, before laying the pipes, you need to form a dense sandy layer pillow, compacting it well. This procedure will allow you to securely fix the pipes and prevent the destruction of the main during seasonal mixing of soil.

The most optimal scheme for a summer cottage would be to lay a direct pipeline from the house to the collector. If necessary, you can perform a rotation. Installation can be done at this location manhole. Pipes made of cast iron or plastic intended for external sewage are suitable for work. Recommended diameter is 110 mm. All joints must be sealed. The trench with the laid pipeline is first filled with sand and then soil.

Helpful advice! If the trenches for pipeline installation are shallow, the pipeline must be additionally insulated using thermal insulation materials.

Features of the construction of country sewerage without pumping

Systems that do not require pumping are usually represented by designs of two- or three-chamber septic tanks operating simultaneously. If the system has two tanks, at least ¾ of the structure is allocated to the sump, for three-chamber tanks - half. In the first section, heavy fractions settle. As it fills, the liquid is poured into the second compartment, where light particles are separated. In the third section, the water is fully purified from waste and supplied to drainage well or filter fields. It is important that the two containers are sealed.

This type of system also requires pumping, but not as often as with a conventional septic tank. This is done using drainage or fecal pump for sewerage, the price of which depends on the manufacturer and capacity and varies between 2,700-25,000 rubles. This equipment is used to remove sediment that accumulates in the sump.

The frequency of the procedure is affected by the composition of the wastewater and the size of the tank. The structure must be cleaned when the height of the sludge reaches the overflow level. Over six months, about 60-90 liters of sediment accumulates in the tank. Based on this data and the capacity of the container, you can approximately determine how much time between cleanings.

To find out the required volume of a septic tank without pumping, you should daily norm multiply water consumption per person (200 l) by the number of residents and add another 20% to the resulting result. If the groundwater level is high, it is recommended to carry out concrete screed or lay a concrete slab for reinforcement.

A hole in the ground is dug taking into account the size of the septic tank. Add to this a minimum of 20 cm on each side, or better yet, even more. The pipes are laid on a sand bed in a similar way with a slope to a depth of 0.7-0.8 m.

Construction of a sewer system in a private house: installation price

The price for installing a turnkey septic tank is determined taking into account:

• features of excavation work, for example, the formation of a pit or supply trench;
• the need to build a system for soil purification;
• the cost of laying sewerage per meter in the ground (depending on the type of pipes and the length of the line, the average price is 35-65 rubles per 1 m);
• installation of the necessary equipment;
• need for construction additional system disposal of treated wastewater, etc.

Most often, if turnkey installation of septic equipment is carried out, 2-3 people are involved in the work. Since installation of the structure is carried out manually, there is no need to use specialized heavy equipment. As a result, the landscape remains untouched, and the owner of the site has a chance to save significantly. Changes to the site cannot be avoided if underground sewerage is being laid. The price per square meter of work performed is included in the total cost of turnkey work.

Helpful advice! To ensure that the system elements do not move during installation and do not float up, it is recommended to carry out the procedure of concreting the body.

If there are soils at the dacha that do not have filtering properties, like sand, installation work will increase significantly in price. Such soils include loam and clay. To ensure normal conditions for the full functioning of the system on the territory, it will be necessary to form a bulk-type filtration field.

The price of installing a sewerage system in a private house on a turnkey basis:

Septic tank model	price, rub.
Tank	from 18700
Cedar	from 79900
Uni-Sap	from 56000
TopBio	from 111700

Installing a sewer system in a bathhouse with your own hands: a step-by-step guide

As in the case of a residential building, the bathhouse sewerage system includes internal and external systems. Even if the building has a dry steam room, liquid drainage from the shower will be required. The water collection system depends on how the floors are installed. The sewerage scheme is included in the bathhouse design at the development stage and is included in initial stage construction even before the floors are installed.

If installation is planned wooden floors made of boards, the elements can be laid closely or with small gaps. If the covering is installed tightly, the floors are formed with a slope from one wall to another. Next, you should find the lowest point near the wall and leave a gap in this place, where the gutter will subsequently be installed (also with a slope). At the lowest point of its placement, a connection is made to the sewer discharge pipe.

Important! If the sauna sewage system involves collecting liquid from several rooms, including from the toilet, it is necessary to install a riser with ventilation.

If the wooden flooring will be made with cracks, small gaps (5 mm) should be left between the boards. A concrete base is made under the floor with a slope towards the central part of the room. A gutter and sewer pipe will be installed in this area. Instead of a concrete base, you can lay metal pallets on top of the insulated floor. wooden flooring. If the floors are self-leveling or tiled, a water inlet ladder is installed at the lowest point of the slope, which drains the wastewater into the pipe.

A step-by-step guide to building a sewer system in a bathhouse with your own hands

To install sewer pipes, you need to form ditches with a slope of 2 cm by 1 m. Their depth is 50-60 cm. A cushion should be made at the bottom of these trenches. To do this, pour a layer of sand 15 cm thick and compact it thoroughly. At the same time, do not forget about the slope.

Next, the sewer line is installed. Polypropylene pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are laid in trenches. Arranged if necessary sewer riser. It must be fixed to the wall using clamps. Ventilation must be provided. When the system is ready, the floor covering is installed using one of the previously discussed methods.

Upon completion of all work, the drains and gratings provided for by the project are connected to the system in the designated places. In the area where the water inlet connects to the outlet pipe, it is advisable to install a siphon. It will prevent odors from the sewer from penetrating back into the room. Most often, ladders are equipped with built-in water seals.

On sale you can find gutters made of asbestos cement, plastic or cast iron. It is not recommended to use wood and steel products, because... they quickly collapse under the influence of moisture. The minimum permissible diameter of the gutter is 5 cm. If the project provides for a toilet or other sanitary equipment, it is installed and connected. This concludes the work on organizing internal sewerage. The external system is performed in the manner described earlier and can be a septic tank or a drainage well.

Construction of a sewer system in a private house: ventilation diagram in a bathhouse

Air exchange in the bath can be organized different ways. Each of them has its own characteristics and advantages. Having studied the specifics of each method, you can choose the best option for a bath.

The first method involves creating a hole intended for feeding fresh air. It should be located behind the stove at a height of 0.5 m from the floor level. The exhaust air will be discharged through the hole on the opposite side. It must be placed at a height of 0.3 m from the floor. To enhance the movement of air flow at the outlet, you need to install exhaust fan. All openings are covered with gratings.

Helpful advice! The lower the ventilation hood is placed, the more intense the air exchange process will occur. It is important not to overdo it with the steam room in this regard, otherwise significant heat loss will occur.

The second method involves placing both holes in the same plane. In this case, the work will affect the wall opposite to the one where the stove is located. The intake duct is placed at a height of 0.3 m from the floor level, at a similar distance from the ceiling it is necessary to exhaust vent and install a fan in it. The channels are closed with gratings.

The third method is suitable for floor coverings, where the boards are laid with gaps to drain liquid. The entrance hole is made at a height of 0.3 m from the floor on the wall behind the stove. In this case, there is no need to install an outlet channel, since the exhaust air will exit through the gaps between the boards.

Do-it-yourself installation of an autonomous sewer system in a private house: video and recommendations

The material used for the manufacture of autonomous sewers is polypropylene, which is characterized by light weight, environmental friendliness, strength and high thermal conductivity. Wastewater treatment is carried out by certain types of bacteria that feed on organic waste. Access to oxygen is a prerequisite for the life of these microorganisms. The price of an autonomous sewer system in a private house is much higher than the cost of installing a conventional septic tank.

This is due to the numerous advantages of autonomous systems:

• high level of wastewater treatment;
• unique aeration cleaning system;
• no service costs;
• no need for additional acquisition of microorganisms;
• compact dimensions;
• no need to call a sewer truck;
• possibility of installation at high groundwater levels;
• absence of odors;
• long service life (up to 50 cm).

How much will it cost to build a sewer system in a private house: turnkey price

The capabilities of autonomous sewers Unilos Astra 5 and Topas 5 are considered the most optimal for summer cottages. These structures are reliable, they are able to provide comfortable living and necessary household amenities for residents of a country house. These manufacturers also offer other, no less effective models.

Average price of autonomous sewers Topas:

Name	price, rub.
Topas 4	77310
Topas-S 5	80730
Topas 5	89010
Topas-S 8	98730
Topas-S 9	103050
Topas 8	107750
Topas 15	165510
Topaero 3	212300
Topaero 6	341700
Topaero 7	410300

Note! Features of the autonomous sewage system Astra, Topas, Biotank and other models listed in the tables allow for deep biological treatment plums. This figure in some cases reaches 98%. As a result of treatment, the wastewater turns into clear water with a small admixture of silt.

Average price of autonomous sewers Unilos:

Name	price, rub.
Astra 3	66300
Astra 4	69700
Astra 5	76670
Astra 8	94350
Astra 10	115950
Scarab 3	190000
Scarab 5	253000
Scarab 8	308800
Scarab 10	573000
Scarab 30	771100

The tables indicate standard system costs. The final price for installation of an autonomous sewerage system on a turnkey basis is determined taking into account the prices for laying an external pipeline and other issues affecting excavation and installation work in general.

Average price of autonomous Tank type sewers:

Name	price, rub.
Biotank 3	40000
Biotank 4	48500
Biotank 5	56000
Biotank 6	62800
Biotank 8	70150

Tips for installing an autonomous sewer system in a summer cottage

As with any other system, it is recommended to install the pipeline at an angle from the house towards the cleaning tank. Optimal angle ranges from 2 to 5° per meter. If you do not adhere to this requirement, full disposal of wastewater by an autonomous sewage system for your dacha will become impossible.

When laying the highway, care should be taken to securely fix its elements. To eliminate the risk of pipe deformation and displacement during soil subsidence, the soil at the bottom of the trenches must be thoroughly compacted. If you fill the bottom with concrete, you will get a more reliable fixed base. When installing pipes, it is advisable to adhere to a straight path.

Be sure to check the joints for leaks. Liquid clay is usually used for joining. It is permissible to use specialized products recommended by the pipe manufacturer. If a highway is installed using elements with a diameter of 50 mm, the maximum permissible length of straight sections of the system is 5 m. When using products with a diameter of 100 mm, this figure is 8 m maximum.

Important! A waste storage tank cannot be placed at a distance of less than 10 m from residential buildings.

Do-it-yourself construction of an autonomous sewer system in a private house

First, the optimal location for installing the wastewater tank is selected. To do this, you can use the data recommended for installing a conventional septic tank, then you can begin excavation work. A pit is dug to install the container. The dimensions of the recess in the ground must correspond to the dimensions of the tank with an allowance of 30 cm on each side.

The technology allows for the installation of a biological filter and a septic tank in one pit. Excavation also involves the formation of trenches for laying the pipeline. In this case, it is necessary to maintain a slope of 2 cm for every 0.1 m of the highway. The bottom of the pit is compacted and filled concrete mortar. After the site has completely dried and hardened, you can install the plastic container. To fix the structure to the base, it is advisable to use cables.

At the next stage, the autonomous sewage system of a country house is assembled and the pipeline is supplied in accordance with a pre-designed scheme. At the same time, the biological filter blocks are filled. For these purposes, an absorbent with a bioactive effect and expanded clay can be used.

Once the entire system is installed, the holes in the soil are filled back in. For this purpose, earth and sand are used, the use of cement-sand mixture. All this is poured in layers and carefully compacted. At the same time, water is poured into the septic tank. The liquid level should be slightly above the top of the fill material. The pipeline is covered with sand and then with earth. In this case, there is no need to compact the backfill. The system can only be connected after the sewerage system has been checked.

Taking into account the above, manual installation of autonomous equipment is not so difficult. The use of ready-made structures eliminates any inconvenience associated with the drainage and treatment of wastewater. By adhering to the manufacturer's instructions, any owner of a summer cottage can install an efficient and trouble-free system with a long service life with his own hands. If another system is being installed, an ideal result is only possible if correct execution calculations.

Technology for constructing sewerage systems in a private house: video instructions