Drilling from the lath. We assemble a drilling machine from steering racks with our own hands. Features and nuances of manufacturing

30.10.2019

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Having your own drilling machine at home is the dream of any craftsman. The most popular designs are from hand drill. But this option has a drawback - if necessary, use a drill, like independent instrument– you have to disassemble the machine.

However, there are a number of solutions for manufacturing a drilling machine without the use of ready-made power tools.

Powerful steering rack drilling machine

For production you will need:

steering rack from passenger car, with dismantled amplifier elements. Of course, used, but preferably not too loose;
Several steel angles and profiles of different sizes;
Steel sheet 2-3 mm for making a frame. You can select suitable ready-made spare parts for old large household appliances;
Drill chuck;
Electric motor and pulleys with belt. Perfect option– from Soviet;
Bearings are in good condition;
Access to welding machine and lathe.

The most important part is the axle with the pulley. Turned on a lathe. In this embodiment, the cartridge mount is threaded, so a corresponding thread is cut on the lower part of the shaft.

For fastening, 4 bearings are used, 2 regular and 2 thrust. The pulley is used from the same washing machine.

From suitable corners we assemble a carriage on which the working shaft and engine will be attached. Special attention We pay attention to the placement of support surfaces for thrust bearings. The load must be distributed evenly, otherwise one of the bearings will wear out faster.

The frame is welded from a 4 mm steel plate and similar corners. The supporting rod is welded strictly vertically from metal profile. We make 6 holes on the horizontal surface for attaching a vice or support stand. WITH reverse side the nuts are welded on.

Using powerful clamps, the steering rack is installed on the profile. Installation is carried out once, with strict control of vertical movement. At this stage, a decision is made on which side the steering wheel will be on - for the left or right hand.

The fact is that the direction of rotation of the rack mechanism is somewhat unusual for those who have worked on a classic drilling machine.

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The carriage with a cartridge and a bracket for the engine is additionally supported by two bearings on a profile rod. This is done to compensate for the steering rack play.

We assemble the mechanism and check the vertical movement. If necessary, we adjust it by placing washers under the rail fastenings.

IMPORTANT! If the direction of movement of the chuck is different from vertical, the drills will always break.

The steering wheel is made of 10 mm steel rod. For aesthetics, the knobs can be turned. The carriage travel is 160 mm, which is sufficient for most drilling jobs.

For safety, around the drive belt pulley it is necessary to install protective cover made of thin metal. You can use an old saucepan of a suitable size.

In a separate box we assemble the engine control unit. There is no need to invent anything; the speed controller is left over from the washing machine. This option provides reverse rotation, which adds functionality, especially when cutting threads or milling work.

We install the motor on the carriage. On one side there is a hinged suspension, on the other there is a pin, a belt tension regulator. Considering the age of the washing machine, it is better to replace the V-shaped drive belt with a new one; at the same time, the distance between the pulleys can be set to a more convenient one.

After setup and final assembly, coat the metal parts with paint, and the homemade drilling machine is ready for work.

To secure the workpiece, you can use a vice or a stand, which is made for the specific dimensions of the machine.

IMPORTANT! Metal body must be grounded.

The video shows a homemade drilling machine, a demonstration of working on metal and wood.

Compact drilling machine

A homemade metal machine does not have to be large and powerful. Most jobs can be done on a small benchtop fixture.

The tool is made entirely of metal blanks, from finished parts except for the electric motor and fasteners. All structural elements are made using milling machine with CNC and lathe. If you do not have access to machines, you can pick up the components at a furniture fittings store.

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Step-by-step instructions for assembling a drilling machine with your own hands

The frame is made of plexiglass 20-30 mm thick, the base is two-layer. The bottom layer is attached to the table (workbench); on the top layer we provide space for installing the heel under the column.
The heel and the column itself were purchased at a furniture fittings store.
The support sleeve is made using lathe, and finalized by milling. A master brass nut is installed at the back for adjustment vertical position carriages. The bushing is secured to the column using a locking screw.
The spindle plate is made on a CNC milling machine. Don’t let the manufacturing technology scare you; this same part can easily be made using a drill and file. The plate is mounted on a support sleeve.
A bracket for the engine with grooves for longitudinal movement is installed on top. This is necessary to tension the drive belt and move it along the pulleys when changing the rotation speed. The bracket is manufactured similarly to the spindle plate.
The motor used is asynchronous, with a power of 60 W. The capacitor starting unit is made in a separate box.
The spindle plate, together with the motor, moves vertically using a lead screw, the mechanism is visible in the photo, the element is optional, but adds convenience.
The spindle consists of a housing with bearings and a shaft on which a chuck is mounted using a Morse taper.
The spindle body is installed in a sleeve along which it will move vertically when drilling.
Movement is carried out using a lever in which a longitudinal groove is cut.
A pulley with variable diameters is placed on top to adjust the rotation speed and torque.
A similar design, only inverted, is placed on the drive motor shaft. By moving the belt from one pulley to another, you can easily achieve the required rotation speed.
We assemble the structure and check its functionality. The drive belt can be round or flat, depending on which pulleys you use.
Initially, the tabletop machine was created for drilling printed circuit boards, but was later modernized as more universal. To drill holes at any angle, we made a homemade 3D coordinate vise for a drilling machine.
The design consists of a coordinate plate machined on the same CNC router and a vice, also made by hand.

Reading time ≈ 5 minutes

This article is mainly for those who love crafting and collecting various mechanisms. Below we will look at how to make one from a steering rack with your own hands. You will see that it is not very difficult, but this device will make your life much easier, as it will become good help in the household.

Steering rack machine

general information

The drill is driven by an electric motor

As a rule, such mechanisms are used exclusively for drilling plastic, wood and metal, although instead of a drill you can attach the same metal brush for grinding something. In the photo above you see the most normal assembly, where the spindle rotates by the power of an electric motor. Other elements are already attached to it, for example, a cartridge and .

We can say that this machine is better than a conventional drill, since it is fixed in a stationary position, therefore, there is much less chance of breaking the drill. Here, in fact, you just need to timely substitute the various parts in which you need to make a hole. Another important advantage of this mechanism is high accuracy, which cannot be achieved with manual drilling. If the machine is equipped with a vice, then leveling will be guaranteed. Below you can watch a video clip of such a homemade unit.

Video: homemade unit

Design features of the mechanism

Beautifully made model

To understand how to make a homemade unit, you need to understand what it consists of. The simplest machine includes a number of parts that are impossible to do without, and these are:

fastening unit for the working mechanism;
cast iron or steel frame;
for pressing workpieces;
additional elements, without which not a single drill can do (chuck, bushings, drills);
handles for moving the drilling mechanism, transmitting muscular force to press the drill;
guide profiles on the main (vertical) frame);
shock absorber to reduce drilling rigidity;
power unit;
220 V electric motor (power of your choice) or electric drill.

Homemade machines, as a rule, are made tabletop, that is, they can be moved and there is no need for rigid attachment of the frame to the base (floor, table). But it is advisable to fix a small vice on the bed - the more rigidly the workpiece is fixed, the more accurate the drilling point and angle will be.

An electric motor is attached to the vertical frame of the machine, and a spindle, adapters and a chuck are connected to it. There is no point in installing the electric motor separately - you will have to install adapter units, besides, in this case the power will be lost and it will be unable to take on serious loads from the household network.

Required Items

Steering rack

Please note that assembly will have to be done from improvised materials that you may have at home, but all details should be treated very carefully. The fact is that the unit is moving, and a malfunction can lead to dire consequences, not only to defects, but also to injury to the person working at the machine. First of all, all components of the machine must be made only of metal (steel or cast iron) - plastic or wood are unacceptable in any case. For the bed, it is most practical to use a heavy (thick) plate to give the mechanism good stability - it can be bought at a metal store or removed from an old machine.

The stabilizing (main) bar is made of an angle or channel with a shelf thickness of at least 3 mm - such fixation will be reliable. That is, with such parameters, such side effects, like deflection or vibration. The holder for the working mechanism is also made from steel profile, and its design mainly depends on electric motor, which you will use for your mechanism or from an electric drill.

One of the main components of the machine will be the steering rack of the car, which is capable of leveling the feed of the drilling mechanism down to the millimeter. The slats from some cars can increase or decrease the feed, which is very convenient when working. The handles used for feeding can be removed from any old lathe or milling machine, although this is not necessary - such parts can be made from smooth reinforcement.

Video: homemade vice

Working mechanism and manufacturing

Drawings of a drilling machine from a steering rack

The working mechanism itself can be simplified, that is, instead of it, install an electric drill or a ready-made unit from an old drilling machine, that is, a power supply and motor will not be needed. Devices of this type remain portable, but their power allows you to drill metal workpieces with serious resistance.

To assemble the unit you will have to go through several stages, and these are:

first of all, install the frame so that it is in the desired position;
mounting holes are made in the bed into which the vice can be secured;
then fix the main rail, made of a powerful angle or channel;
the steering rack is fixed to it;
then the handles for feeding the mechanism are attached, and the stroke is adjusted (it should be smooth);
a mount for a drill is mounted at the top of the steering rack;
install the drill in the mount;
secure the working mechanism;
They check everything, they hold it up and carry out the test.

Conclusion

As you can see, there are no particular difficulties in making a drilling machine from a steering rack with your own hands, you just need care and good details. The process itself is greatly simplified due to the fact that when performing the work, parts such as a steering rack and an electric drill are used (with an electric motor it will be a little more difficult). After assembly, be sure to check all connections for strength.

Drilling machines are special devices, which are used in working with metals, wood, plastic, etc.

With the help of a drilling machine, workers perform a huge number of functions that would take a huge amount of time to perform with improvised means.

Fortunately, the machine itself is not something too complicated in terms of design or assembly, and therefore it is quite possible to assemble it with your own hands. Moreover, a homemade drilling unit will be little inferior to standard factory models.

1 General information

As the name suggests, a drill press is used primarily for drilling parts. However, this is not its only function. It works by using the power of an electric motor.

The electric motor rotates its shaft that transmits forces to the spindle or the main rotating element of the machine.

Chucks, adapters, bushings and the drills themselves are already attached to the spindle. Thus, the machine is essentially a mechanism fixed in a stable position, which can drill substituted parts with its own hands for a long time.

At the same time, when working with it, a person is only required to place parts in time, adjust their position and the operation of the unit itself. Agree, it is much simpler and more convenient than if you had to work manually. Not only that manual drilling cannot boast of high accuracy.

After all, a person must always choose the right angle for applying effort. Moreover, an error of even a few degrees can be fatal. Yes and long time Even the most experienced worker will not be able to withstand this pace.

It’s a completely different matter when a drilling machine is used. Here you only need to fix the part in a vice (if the vice is not included in the kit, then you should buy one or make one homemade version with your own hands) and then start the machine.

The remaining actions, although they will require close attention from you, will still take much less time and effort.

Consider the fact that it was the invention of full-fledged electric machines that became a real breakthrough in the production of parts and mechanisms. Before this, industrialists could not significantly increase the pace of assembly, so manual labor simply did not provide enough impetus.

1.1 Machine design

The easiest way is to create a homemade drilling machine from available materials. Moreover, you will not need many details in your work. And the parts themselves can be selected from whatever is at hand.

In this article we will consider assembling a machine from a steering rack as one of the most effective examples, if we consider homemade tools.

But first you need to understand the design of the machine, as well as all its components. Without understanding these basic principles you won't be able to get the job done.

So, A standard drilling machine consists of:

beds;
main frame guide;
holder for the working mechanism;
working mechanism;
additional elements (cartridges, nuts, bushings, drills);
a shock absorber or device that is used to manipulate the position of the drill;
vice (optional);
power supply (optional);
handles for rotating mechanisms, force transmitters, etc.

There is also nothing complicated in the design itself. The bed is secured as a base. If we are considering a tabletop model (and a homemade machine in the vast majority of cases is tabletop), then the bed will be both a base, a stabilizing factor, and a mount for devices such as a vice.

The main frame is also attached to the frame, on which the entire mechanism rests. A holder, all additional elements and a shock absorber are connected to the frame. If the shock absorber is adjustable, then a handle is connected to it.

In small machines, the shock absorber can be spring-loaded, but we are considering a more stable sample, where instead of a shock absorber we will consider a steering rack from a VAZ car.

The machine engine itself is also attached to the main frame, and the spindle and all adapters are already connected to it. The power supply is only available in models in which the engine is installed separately and cannot take on standard loads from a household network. A vice is also used optionally. Or rather, it is simply necessary to use them, but they are extremely rarely included in the kit even with factory models.

2 Selecting suitable elements

To assemble a homemade machine you have to use the means at hand, so the choice individual parts serious attention must be paid to the design.

First of all, the material for the frame is selected. In lightweight machines, such as units for printed circuit boards, the frame can even be made of durable wood, having previously strengthened it with a steel plate and rubber feet. But since we are considering a much more serious unit, we need to approach its assembly differently.

The bed here can only be selected from metal. Moreover, a heavy plate or something similar will do. It is necessary to drill holes in the plate for future vices and clamping bars.

The ideal option would be if you manage to buy a mobile phone or remove the old frame from an ancient desktop machine. Now look at your capabilities.

The main stabilizing rail is made from an angle or channel. Its thickness must be no less than 3 mm. Only such a part can withstand loads and will not cause vibrations or play.

The holder for the working mechanism is also made of steel. Here the selection is already made depending on the engine itself that they intend to use. We'll look at it a little later.

The main nuance in such a scheme homemade machine consists in the fact that parts from the steering rack of a car are used to assemble it. This is due to its compactness and unique capabilities.

When rotated, the steering rack can raise or lower the mechanism fixed to it. Moreover, the manipulations are carried out very carefully, down to the millimeter. Plus, on many steering racks there is the possibility of loosening or increasing stresses, which leads to the possibility fine adjustment her work.

It is advisable to remove handles from finished machines, but you can create them yourself. Likewise, if necessary, it is recommended to use production chucks and bushings. Fortunately, they are very easy to get.

2.1 Selection of working mechanism

Interestingly, the working mechanism in a homemade drilling machine can be not only traditional, but also significantly simplified. It's about about replacing the motor and power supply a ready-made drill or unit for concrete drilling, metal, etc. These portable tools have almost the same dimensions as a regular drill. However, their power allows you to drill into metal without any serious resistance.

All that is required of you in such a scheme is to attach the drill with several brackets, having previously fixed it in correct position. It should be directed completely perpendicular to the base of the machine.

If the machine diagram is considered from the steering wheel, then the use of a drill is even preferable. And it will take you much less time to assemble it.

The second option is installation asynchronous motor from some electrical appliance. Here, when assembling it with your own hands, you will have to tinker a little longer. But in general, the technology remains the same.

2.2 Stages of assembling a homemade machine from a steering wheel

Let us turn directly to the machine assembly technology. Let's take as a basis a diagram using a steering wheel from a VAZ car and a ready-made drill, which You just need to fix it and connect it correctly.

Stages of work:

We understand the frame and mount it in the correct position.
We bore grooves and holes in the frame for future vices.
We mount the main rail from a corner or channel.
We attach the steering wheel to it.
We mount the handlebars on the steering wheel and adjust its travel.
We install it on the upper part of the steering mount under the drill.
We mount the drill in the correct position and adjust its angle.
We finally fix the working mechanism.
We connect all the wires, tighten the bolts, and test the system.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in this matter.

The process is significantly simplified by using already ready-made solutions, such as drill and steering. Basically, all you have to do is put them all together and make sure the assembly is done correctly.

2.3 Differences when assembling a machine with an asynchronous engine

If you are going to use a separate engine, then you will have to think a little here. Although the engine itself creates effort, it still needs to be transferred somehow.

In this case, the engines are often mounted parallel to the steering one, and the mechanism itself is installed on the other side. The force is transmitted through a standard mechanism of two wheels and a belt. The spindle on the shaft can be taken from the factory, the cartridge and all other parts are connected to it.

Also, the engine will probably require a separate power supply, which is located on the frame or near it. And it would be better to hide the entire structure under metal or wooden case. To avoid possible clogging, breakdowns or accidents.

2.4 How to make a drilling machine from a steering rack? (video)

If you have a home optimal set a number of tools can be used important works. But often purchasing a factory model is impractical. One of the alternative options would be a DIY steering rack drilling machine.

Difficulties in making a machine from a steering rack

The main problem is making the right choice components. For analysis optimal option You should familiarize yourself with the advantages and disadvantages of factory models.

One of negative aspects There is a lot of play in the operation of factory drilling machines. This does not make it possible to make a hole with a diameter of up to 4 mm. This is due to the relatively small mass of the structure, which does not compensate for the vibrations that occur during operation. power plant. Upgrading a machine can lead to incorrect operation and, as a result, rapid failure.

To manufacture drilling equipment, it is necessary to consider the following nuances:

device for changing the position of working parts with installed drill. One alternative is to use a steering rack or jack. A jack is necessary if strong pressure must be applied to the part during drilling;
support table and stand for mounting the power unit. The main parameter for choosing components for the manufacture of these components is their reliability and relatively large mass. It is best to use channels and corners. Used as a base steel sheet height of at least 3 mm;
power point. To make a drilling machine with your own hands, most often the choice is an electric drill. Alternative option there may be a system consisting of pulleys and an electric motor.

Only after the components described above have been selected can you begin self-production equipment.

To connect the system components you will need welders. Mechanical fastening will not provide adequate reliability.

Making a drilling machine from a steering rack

At the first stage of production, it is selected optimal model steering column. In the future, according to its dimensions, drawings of the entire structure will be drawn up. Currently, an option is the steering column from a VAZ-2105 car. You can purchase a used model. The main thing is that it does not have chips or significant surface damage.

Recommended size work surface is 30*40 cm. The supporting parts are made of two channels 30*60*30 mm. To adjust the position of the structures, you can install specially shaped legs. The frame for attaching the steering rack is also made of channel material, but with a wide base.

When using an electric drill as a power unit, it is necessary to make an L-shaped stand.

Attaching the steering rack to the rack is done with your own hands through the eyes located on the first structure. To install the substrate under the drill, you can perform a rigid fastening using electric welding. The choice of methods depends entirely on the specific design of a particular model.

The condition of the gearbox is first checked. Defective components must be replaced;
the total height of the rack should be 7-8 centimeters greater than this parameter of the steering rack;
the stroke of the rod is taken into account. Standard for the VAZ-2105 model it is 210 mm;
To increase operating comfort, it is recommended to make a separate drill control unit.