Water heating line on the receipt. Myths of housing and communal services: What is “DHW heating”? What is the norm of water per day per person and per month in housing and communal services?

Water heating line on the receipt. Myths of housing and communal services: What is “DHW heating”? What is the norm of water per day per person and per month in housing and communal services?
Water heating line on the receipt. Myths of housing and communal services: What is “DHW heating”? What is the norm of water per day per person and per month in housing and communal services?
15.03.2020

Hot water supply (DHW) is a 24-hour supply to the consumer hot water of appropriate quality supplied to required volumes via the connected network to the residential premises.

Requirements (standards) for the quality of hot water are determined by Russian Government Decree No. 354:

  • The temperature of hot water at the point of analysis must be at least 60 degrees. (For open systems district heating, not less than 50 degrees. for closed systems, no more than 75 degrees)
  • The total hot water shutdown time is 8 hours (total) for 1 month
  • The total shutdown time for hot water supply is 4 hours at a time; in case of an accident on a dead-end main, it is 24 hours.
  • The maximum period for carrying out preventive work in summer season– 14 days
  • The composition of the water must comply sanitary standards SanPiN 2.1.4.2496-09
  • The permissible deviation in the temperature of hot water at the point of water collection at night (from 0.00 to 5.00 hours) is no more than 5 °C
  • Permissible deviation of hot water temperature at the point of water intake in daytime(from 5.00 to 00.00 hours) - no more than 3 °C
  • Pressure in the hot water supply system at the point of analysis - from 0.03 MPa (0.3 kgf/sq. cm) to 0.45 MPa (4.5 kgf/sq. cm)

For every 3 °C deviation from permissible deviations temperature of hot water, the amount of payment for utility services for the billing period in which the specified deviation occurred is reduced by 0.1 percent of the payment amount. For each hour of hot water supply, the temperature of which at the point of collection is below 40 °C, in total during the billing period, payment for consumed water is made at the rate for cold water.

If the pressure differs from the established one by no more than 25 percent, the amount of payment for utility services for the specified billing period is reduced by 0.1 percent of the payment amount.
If the pressure differs from the established one by more than 25 percent, the amount of payment for a utility service is reduced by the amount of the fee calculated in total for each day the utility service is provided of inadequate quality.

Types of DHW systems:

  • Central. Water is heated at thermal substations (CHS) and from them, using pipelines, it is supplied to consumers.
  • Autonomous. To achieve the necessary temperature regime install special heating devices - boilers, storage boilers or geysers. This type of DHW organization is intended for small area premises - apartments or houses.

Designations (decoding) in housing and communal services receipts:

  • DHW KPU— hot water is metered using an apartment meter
  • DHW DPU— hot water is metered using a common household meter
  • ODPU DHW- general household hot water meter

Calculation of the amount of payment for utility services for hot water supply is carried out according to:

  • General house metering devices and depends on the number of residents registered in the apartment
  • Apartment metering devices (hot water meters)

In the near future, residents will begin to pay for hot water according to a new principle: separately for the water itself and separately for heating it.
So far, enterprises and organizations are already using the new rules, but for residents the old accounting remains. Due to communal confusion, housing services companies are refusing to pay heat energy companies. Fontanka understood the complexities of the two-part tariff.

Earlier

Until 2014, the population and businesses paid for hot water as follows. For the calculation it was necessary to know only the consumed number of cubic meters. It was multiplied by the tariff and by the figure artificially derived by officials - 0.06 Gcal. This is exactly the amount of thermal energy, according to their calculations, that is needed to heat one cubic meter of water. As Deputy Chairman of the Tariff Committee Irina Bugoslavskaya told Fontanka, the indicator “0.06 Gcal” was derived based on the following data: the temperature of the hot water provided should be 60 - 75 degrees, the temperature of the cold water used to prepare hot water should be 15 degrees in winter, 5 degrees in summer. According to Bugoslavskaya, committee officials made several thousand measurements, taking information from metering devices - the artificially derived figure was confirmed.

In connection with the use of this payment method, a problem arose with risers and heated towel rails connected to the hot water supply system. They heat the air, that is, they consume Gcal. From October to April this thermal energy is added to heating; in the summer this cannot be done. For a year now, a system has been in place in St. Petersburg according to which payments for heat supply can be charged only during the heating season. As a result, unaccounted heat is generated.

Solution

In May 2013, federal officials came up with a way out of the situation of unaccounted for heating with heated towel rails and risers. For this purpose, it was decided to introduce a two-component tariff. The essence of it is separate payment cold water and its heating - thermal energy.

There are two types of heating systems. One implies that the hot water pipe comes from the one intended for heating, the other implies that for hot water, water is taken from the cold water supply system and heated.

If hot water is taken from the same pipe as heating, then payment for it will be calculated taking into account the costs associated with chemical treatment, staff salaries, and equipment maintenance. If cold water from the State Unitary Enterprise “Vodokanal of St. Petersburg” is used for heating, then the payment for it is taken according to the tariff - now it is a little more than 20 rubles.

The heating tariff is calculated based on how many resources were spent on the production of thermal energy.

Confused housing residents

From January 1, 2014, a two-component tariff was introduced for consumers who do not belong to the “population” group, that is, for organizations and enterprises. In order for citizens to be able to pay according to the new principle, it is necessary to make changes to regulations. Payment under the new system is prohibited by the rules for the provision of utility services. Since residents are still paying old scheme, housing organizations, house servicers, where there are non-residential premises, received a new headache.

Charging for hot water supply consists of two parts, or components, each of which is highlighted in a separate line on the receipt - DHW and DHW heating. This is due to the fact that in Academichesky houses, water preparation is carried out directly by the management company in individual heating points of each house. In the process of preparing hot water, two types are used utility resources- cold water and thermal energy.

The first component, the so-called

DHW supply- this is directly the volume of water that passed through the hot water supply meter and was consumed indoors in a month. Or, if the readings were not taken, or the meter turned out to be faulty or its verification period has expired - the volume of water determined by calculation according to the average or standard for the quantity prescribed.. The procedure for calculating the volume DHW supply exactly the same as for To calculate the cost of this service, the tariff for cold water is applied, since the supplier has in this case It is cold water that is purchased.

The second component

DHW heating- this is the amount of thermal energy that was expended to heat the volume of cold water provided to the apartment to hot temperature. This amount is determined based on the readings of the common house heat energy meter.

In general, the fee for hot water supply is calculated using the following formula:

P i gv = Vi gv × T hv+ (V v cr × Vi gv/ ∑ Vi gv × T v cr)

Vi Guards- the volume of hot water consumed during the billing period (month) in an apartment or non-residential premises

T xv- tariff for cold water

V v cr- the volume of thermal energy used during the billing period for heating cold water at independent production hot water management company

∑ Vi gv- the total volume of hot water consumed during the billing period in all rooms of the house

T v cr- tariff for thermal energy

Calculation example:

Let's assume that hot water consumption in an apartment for a month is 7 m3. Hot water consumption throughout the house is 465 m3. The amount of thermal energy spent on heating hot water according to a common house meter is 33.5 Gcal

7 m 3 * 33.3 rub. + (33.5 Gcal * 7 m 3 / 465 m 3 * 1331.1 rub.) = 233.1 + 671.3 = 904.4 rub.

Of which:

233.1 rub. - payment for actual water consumption (DHW line in the receipt)

671.3 - payment for thermal energy spent on heating water to required temperature(DHW heating line in the receipt)

IN in this example To heat one cube of hot water, 0.072 gigacalories of thermal energy were spent.

IN a value showing how many gigacalories were required to heat 1 cubic meter of water in billing period called DHW heating coefficient

The heating coefficient is not the same from month to month and largely depends on the following parameters:

Cold water supply temperature. At different times of the year, the cold water temperature ranges from +2 to +20 degrees. Accordingly, in order to heat water to the required temperature, different amounts of thermal energy will have to be expended.

The total volume of water consumed per month in all areas of the house. This value is largely influenced by the number of apartments that submitted their testimony in the current month, recalculations, and, in general, the discipline of residents in submitting their testimony.

Thermal energy consumption for hot water circulation. Water circulation in the pipes occurs continuously, including during the hours of minimum water withdrawal. That is, for example, at night, hot water is practically not used by residents, but thermal energy for heating water is still spent to maintain the required temperature of hot water in heated towel rails and at the entrances to apartments. This figure is especially high in new, sparsely populated buildings and stabilizes as the number of residents increases.

The average values ​​of DHW heating coefficients for each block are given in the section “Tariffs and calculation coefficients”

With the arrival of cold weather, many Russians are concerned about how to pay for utilities. For example, To How to calculate hot water and how often you should pay for these services. To answer all these questions, you first need to clarify whether a water meter is installed in this home. If the meter is installed, then the calculation is made according to a certain scheme.

The first thing you need to do is look at the receipt for housing and communal services that came last month. In this document you should find a column that indicates the amount of water consumed for the last month; we will need figures with indicators at the end of the last reporting period.

The first thing you need to do is look at the receipt for housing and communal services that came last month

After these readings are written out, they should be entered into a new document. In this case we're talking about on receipts for payment of housing and communal services for the next reporting period. As you can see, the answers to the questions of how to calculate the cost of hot water using a meter and how to determine its consumption are quite simple. It is necessary to take all water meter readings promptly and correctly.

By the way, many management companies themselves enter the above information into payment document. In this case, you won’t have to look for data in old receipts. You also need to remember that in situations where the water meter has just been installed and these are the first readings, the previous ones will be zeros.

The initial readings of some modern meters may contain some other numbers rather than zeros

I would also like to clarify that the initial readings of some modern meters may contain not zeros, but some other numbers. In this case, in the receipt in the column where you need to indicate the previous readings, you need to leave exactly these numbers.

The process of searching for previous meter readings is very important if you need to understand the question of how to calculate hot water according to the meter. Without this data, it will not be possible to correctly calculate how many cubic meters of water were used in a given reporting period.

So, before you start studying the question of how to calculate the cost of hot water, you should learn how to take water meter readings.


Symbols on the meter

Almost all modern meters have a scale with at least 8 digits. The first 5 of which are black, but the second 3 are red.

Important

It is important to understand that only the first 3 digits, which are black, are displayed on the receipt. Because these are cubic meters data, and it is based on them that the cost of water is calculated. But the data that is colored red is liters. They do not need to be indicated on receipts. Although these data make it possible to estimate how many liters of water a particular family consumes over a certain reporting period. In this way, you can understand whether it is worth saving on this benefit or whether the consumption is within normal limits. And of course, you can determine how much water is spent on bathing procedures, and how much on washing dishes, and so on.


It is important to understand that the receipt displays only the first 3 digits, which are black.

To correctly understand how to calculate the tariff for hot water, you should know on what day of the month the readings of this device are taken. Here, you need to remember that water meter data must be taken at the end of each reporting period, after which it must be transferred to the appropriate authority. This can be done through phone call or via the Internet.

On a note! It should be remembered that the figures are always indicated at the beginning of the reporting period (that is, those that were taken last month) and at the end (these are those that are being taken now).

This regulation is prescribed in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 2011, number 354.

How to calculate the service correctly?

It is no secret that the legislation of our country is constantly changing, and therefore citizens are beginning to worry about the question of how to calculate hot water or any other utility costs.

If we talk specifically about water, then we should take into account the fact that payment consists of certain components:

  • indicators of a water meter, which is located in the room and controls the flow of cold water;
  • indicators of the meter, which shows the consumption of hot water in a given apartment;
  • indicators of a device that calculates the cold water consumption of all tenants;
  • data from the meter that monitors the consumption of the residents of the house; it is installed in the basement of the house;
  • the share of a specific apartment in the total expense;
  • the share that corresponds to a specific apartment in this building.

The penultimate indicator is the most incomprehensible, although in fact everything is quite accessible. It is taken into account when determining the amount of resource that was spent on everyone. It is also called “general house needs”. This, by the way, also applies to the last indicator; it is calculated when general house needs are calculated.


Calculation of hot water consumption

As for the first two indicators, they are quite understandable. They depend on the residents themselves, because a person can choose for himself whether to save the consumption of a particular resource or not. But in other cases, it all depends on how often wet cleaning is done in the entrance of the house, on the number of riser leaks, and so on.

The worst thing about this calculation system is that almost the entire part of the general household needs is fictitious. After all, in every building there are residents who incorrectly indicate their individual indicators, or, for example, one person is registered in their apartment, but five live. Then the general house needs had to be calculated based on the fact that 3 people live in apartment No. 5, and not 1. In this case, everyone else would have to pay a little less. As you can see, the question of how to calculate hot water still needs careful research.

That is why our officials are still trying to figure out how to calculate the fee for hot water and which mechanism would be the most successful.

Do everyone have the same rates?


To save money, you should always tighten the tap if this moment no need to use water

To do this, just go to the website of the management company or just call them. Also, similar information is contained on the receipt that comes to each resident.

After this data has been found, the cost of the consumed cubic meters of resource should be calculated. Next, calculating the payment for hot water is quite simple; this is done in the same way as in the case of all other resources. You should take the number of cubic meters spent and multiply by the specific tariff.

It should be noted that today there are many ways you can save hot water consumption, thereby reducing your costs for paying for it. To do this, you can use special nozzles on the faucet; they will help you not spray water so much and control the pressure power. You should also open the tap valve not at full strength, so the stream will flow under less pressure, but the water will not fly out in all directions. And of course, you should always turn on the tap if you don’t need to use water at the moment. For example, when a person brushes his teeth or washes his hair (while his head is soaped or smeared Toothbrush, the water tap can be closed).

All these tips will help reduce the cost of paying for hot or cold water, thereby helping to correctly calculate hot water consumption.

Difference between hot and cold water calculations


Of course, this formula, as well as the one that takes into account hot water consumption, has many flaws. Due to the fact that general house indicators are taken into account, it is difficult to control where the difference went between the individual indicators of all residents and the data that was taken from the water meter installed on the house. Perhaps this is really true, and all this water was used to clean the entrance. But this is hard to believe. Of course, there are tenants who deceive the state and give incorrect data, but there are also errors in the work of the pipeline system(the drain pipes in most houses are old and can leak, so the water goes nowhere).


Hot water invoice

For a long time now, our government has been thinking about how to correctly calculate hot and cold water and how to improve the existing mechanism.

For example, in 2013, our authorities came to the conclusion that it was necessary to establish standard norms for general household needs and take this data into account when calculating the cost of one cubic meter of water. This helped to slightly restrain the zeal of our management companies and help the citizens of the country. You can find out these numbers from the management company. But this only applies to those cases where residents have entered into an agreement with the management company. If we are talking about Vodokanal, then each locality will have its own separate fixed minimum payment. And, for example, an overpayment in a given reporting period may cover expenses in the next one.

As you can see, there is a whole diagram that makes it clear how to calculate hot water heating or how to calculate how much to pay for cold water consumption.

Calculation of the cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. meters total area in 2017:

January-April 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 1197.50 rub/Gcal = 43.8285 rub/sq.m.

May 0.0122 Gcal/sq. m * 1197.50 rub./Gcal = 14.6095 rub./sq.m

October 0.0322 * 1211.33 rubles/Gcal = 39.0048 rubles/sq.m.

November-December 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 1211.33 rub./Gcal = 44.3347 rub./sq.m

Calculation of the cost of service for hot water supply per person in 2017:

January-June 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month *1197.50 rub./Gcal = 253.87 rub./person.

July-December 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month *1211.33 rub./Gcal = 256.80 rub./person.

Calculation of the cost of service for hot water supply using a domestic hot water meter in 2017:

January – June 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 1197.50 rub./Gcal = 55.9233 rub./cubic. m.

July-December 0.0467 Gcal/cu.m. m * 1211.33 rub./Gcal = 56.5691 rub./cubic. m

2016

Calculation of the cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2016:

January-April 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 1170.57 rub/Gcal = 42.8429 rub/sq.m.

May 0.0122 Gcal/sq. m * 1170.57 rub./Gcal = 14.2810 rub./sq.m

October 0.0322 * 1197.50 rubles/Gcal = 38.5595 rubles/sq.m.

November-December 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 1197.50 rub./Gcal = 43.8285 rub./sq.m

Calculation of the cost of hot water supply services per person in 2016:

January-June 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month *1170.57 rub./Gcal = 248.16 rub./person.

July-December 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month *1197.50 rub./Gcal = 253.87 rub./person.

Calculation of the cost of service for hot water supply using a domestic hot water meter in 2016:

January – June 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 1170.57 rub./Gcal = 54.6656 rub./cubic. m

July-December 0.0467 Gcal/cu.m. m * 1197.50 rub./Gcal = 55.9233 rub./cubic. m

2015

Calculation of the cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2015:

Heating consumption standard * Thermal energy tariff = cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. m:

January-April 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 990.50 rub./Gcal = 36.2523 rub./sq.m

May 0.0122 Gcal/sq. m * 990.50 rub./Gcal = 12.0841 rub./sq.m

October 0.0322 * 1170.57 rubles/Gcal = 37.6924 rubles/sq.m.

November-December 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 1170.57 rub./Gcal = 42.8429 rub./sq.m

Calculation of the cost of hot water supply services per person in 2015:

DHW consumption standard * Heat energy tariff = cost DHW services for 1 person

An example of calculating the cost of a hot water supply service for 1 person with a fully equipped apartment (from 1 to 10 storeys, equipped with a sink, washbasin, bathtub 1500-1700 mm long with shower) in the absence of hot water meters:

January-June 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month *990.50 rub./Gcal = 209.986 rub./person.

July-December 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month *1170.57 rub./Gcal = 248.1608 rub./person.

Calculation of the cost of service for hot water supply using a domestic hot water meter in 2015:

The standard thermal energy consumption for heating is 1 cubic meter. m of water * Tariff for thermal energy = cost of service for heating 1 cubic meter. m

January – June 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 990.50 rub./Gcal = 46.2564 rub./cubic. m

July-December 0.0467 Gcal/cu.m. m * 1170.57 rub./Gcal = 54.6656 rub./cubic. m

year 2014

Calculation of the cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2014:

Heating consumption standard * Thermal energy tariff = cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. m:

January-April 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 34.2001 rub./sq.m

May 0.0122 Gcal/sq. m * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 11.4000 rub./sq.m

October 0.0322 Gcal/sq. m * 990.50 rub./Gcal = 31.8941 rub./sq. m

November – December 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 990.50 rub./Gcal = 36.2523 rub./sq.m

Calculation of the cost of hot water supply services per person in 2014:

DHW consumption standard * Heat energy tariff = cost of DHW service per 1 person

An example of calculating the cost of a hot water supply service for 1 person with a fully equipped apartment (from 1 to 10 storeys, equipped with a sink, washbasin, bathtub 1500-1700 mm long with shower) in the absence of hot water meters:

January-June 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 198.0991 rub./person.

July – December 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month * 990.50 rub./Gcal = 209.986 rub./person.

Calculation of the cost of service for hot water supply using a domestic hot water meter in 2014:

The standard thermal energy consumption for heating is 1 cubic meter. m of water * Tariff for thermal energy = cost of service for heating 1 cubic meter. m

January – June 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 43.6378 rub./cubic. m

July – December 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 990.50 rub./Gcal = 46.2564 rub./cubic. m

year 2013

Calculation of the cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2013:

Heating consumption standard

  • January-April 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 851.03 rub./Gcal = 31.1477 rub./sq.m
  • May 0.0122 Gcal/sq. m *851.03 rub./Gcal =10.3826 rub./sq.m
  • October 0.0322 Gcal/sq. m * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 30.0886 rub./sq. m
  • November – December 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 34.2001 rub./sq.m

Calculation of the cost of service for hot water supply per 1 person in 2013:

DHW consumption standard

An example of calculating the cost of a hot water supply service for 1 person with a fully equipped apartment (from 1 to 10 storeys, equipped with a sink, washbasin, bathtub 1500-1700 mm long with shower) in the absence of hot water meters:

  • January-June 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month * 851.03 rub./Gcal = 180.4184 rub./person.
  • July – December 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 198.0991 rub./person.

Calculation of the cost of service for hot water supply using a domestic hot water meter in 2013:

The standard thermal energy consumption for heating is 1 cubic meter. m of water

  • January – June 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 851.03 rub./Gcal = 39.7431 rub./cubic. m
  • July – December 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 934.43 rub./Gcal = 43.6378 rub./cubic. m

year 2012

Calculation of the cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. meters of total area in 2012:

Heating consumption standard * Thermal energy tariff (supplier MUP "ChKTS" or Mechel-Energo LLC) = The cost of thermal energy for heating 1 sq. m

  • January-April 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 747.48 rub./Gcal = 27.3578 rub./sq. m
  • May 0.0122 Gcal/sq. m * 747.48 rub./Gcal = 9.1193 rub./sq. m
  • October 0.0322 Gcal/sq. m * 851.03 rub./Gcal = 27.4032 rub./sq. m
  • November - December 0.0366 Gcal/sq. m * 851.03 rub./Gcal = 31.1477 rub./sq. m

Calculation of the cost of hot water supply services per person in 2012:

DHW consumption standard * Heat energy tariff (supplier MUP "ChKTS" or Mechel-Energo LLC) = cost of DHW service per 1 person

An example of calculating the cost of a hot water supply service for 1 person with a fully equipped apartment (from 1 to 10 storeys, equipped with a sink, washbasin, bathtub 1500-1700 mm long with shower) in the absence of hot water meters:

  • January - June 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month * 747.48 rub./Gcal = 158.47 rub./person.
  • July - August 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month * 792.47 rub./Gcal = 168.00 rub./person.
  • September - December 0.2120 Gcal/per person. per month * 851.03 rub./Gcal = 180.42 rub./person.

Calculation of the cost of hot water supply services using a domestic hot water meter in 2012:

The standard thermal energy consumption for heating is 1 cubic meter. m of water * Tariff for thermal energy (supplier MUP "ChKTS" or LLC "Mechel-Energo") = cost of service for heating 1 cubic. m

  • January – June 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 747.48 rub./Gcal = 34.9073 rub./cubic. m
  • July – August 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 792.47 rub./Gcal = 37.0083 rub./cubic. m
  • September–December 0.0467 Gcal/cubic. m * 851.03 rub./Gcal = 39.7431 rub./cubic. m

This publication is part of the series of articles “Myths of Housing and Communal Services”, dedicated to debunking false theories of the housing sector. Myths and false theories, widespread in the housing and communal services sector of Russia, contribute to the growth of social tension, the development of the “Concept of enmity" between consumers and providers of public services, which leads to extreme negative consequences in the housing industry. The articles in the series are recommended primarily for consumers of housing and communal services, however, specialists in housing and communal services may also find something useful in them. In addition, distributing publications in the “Housing and Utilities Myths” series among housing and communal services consumers can contribute to a deeper understanding of the housing and communal services sector by residents apartment buildings, which leads to the development of constructive interaction between consumers and providers of utility services. Full list articles in the series “Myths of Housing and Public Utilities” are available at the link > > >

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This article examines the false theory about the illegality of presenting for payment to consumers of utility services the cost of heat energy contained in consumed hot water(often providers of public services for hot water supply indicate the cost of such heat energy in the receipt in the line “ DHW heating", or "heat in DHW").

Let’s figure out what “DHW heating” is and whether it is legal to present it for payment to consumers for hot water utility services.

The essence of the false theory

If hot water enters an apartment building from centralized network hot water supply, then no additional heating of this hot water is performed directly in the apartment building (there are no boilers, heat exchangers, etc. installed in the house). Therefore, presenting for payment some kind of “DHW heating” is illegal. In addition, such a utility service “DHW heating” is not established by current legislation - Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings And residential buildings, approved by the Russian Federation GD dated May 6, 2011 No. 354 (hereinafter referred to as Rules 354) contain an exhaustive list of utilities, among which there is no “DHW heating”. Thus, “DHW heating” is a non-existent service that is illegally presented to consumers for payment.

In this article we will look at how things really are.

Heat energy in hot water supply

To understand what “DHW heating” is, it is necessary first of all to consider the process of producing hot water for hot water supply (hereinafter referred to as DHW) from a technical point of view. And this process, in a simplified manner, consists of the following stages - first, cold water is prepared, then it is heated to the temperature established by the relevant standards, and then it is supplied to the consumer in the form of hot water. The cost of hot water supply for consumers until March 2015 was established by authorized bodies state power subjects of the Russian Federation in rubles for cubic meter.

Back in 2012, the Government of the Russian Federation recognized the existence of a problem caused by the establishment of a tariff for hot water supply in rubles per cubic meter of hot water. The problem was that when calculating this tariff it was necessary to take into account that the cold water itself was directly supplied by the water supply organization in heat supply organization, which, in turn, heated this water to the required temperature and supplied consumers with hot water. Moreover, if the volume of cold water (in cubic meters) and the volume of hot water (in cubic meters) obtained after heating this water were practically equal, then the volume of heat energy spent on this heating differed significantly depending on the specific conditions for the provision of hot water supply - on the condition and extent networks, the presence/absence of circulation circuits, etc.

At the subject level, to calculate the volume of heat energy spent on heating one cubic meter of cold water to the state of hot water, certain coefficients were used, which for the most part amounted to a value close to 0.06.

Let us explain the physical meaning of this coefficient.

1 calorie of heat (energy) is required to heat 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. Therefore, heating one ton of water (1 million grams) by 1 degree will require 1 million calories or 1 megacalorie (Mcal). For example, to heat 1 cubic meter of water from 0 to 60 degrees Celsius (60 degrees is the lower limit of the permissible temperature range of hot water provided to consumers in residential and apartment buildings in as DHW) you will need 60 megacalories (Mcal), which is equal to 0.06 (0.060) gigacalories (Gcal).

In some cases, it was taken into account that cold water is heated to the required temperature not from 0 degrees Celsius, but in summer - from 15, and in winter - from 5. If we take the average initial temperature of cold water 10 degrees, then to heat one cubic meter of such water to 60 degrees 0.05 Gcal will be required.

In this case, heat losses in the heating network could be taken into account. For example, if losses are 20%, then the heat costs for heating water can be simplified as follows: the final (required) heat content of a cubic meter of water 0.06 Gcal is taken as 80% of the heat content provided at the exit from the boiler room, on the basis of which the heat content at exit from the boiler room 0.075 Gcal (0.06 / 0.8 = 0.075 Gcal, which corresponds to a temperature of 75 degrees Celsius). Then the initial heat content of cold water is subtracted from the resulting figure (0.01 Gcal, corresponding to 10 degrees Celsius), resulting in the amount of heat required to heat one cubic meter of water, equal to 0.065 Gcal for the case under consideration.

Of course, for different subjects, for different municipalities the given figures could vary - it could be 0.05 Gcal/cub.m, or 0.08 Gcal/cub.m, but in the overwhelming majority of cases the coefficient was still close to 0.06 Gcal/cub.m.

And it is precisely the number of gigacalories spent on heating DHW that is called “DHW heating”.

If you carefully study the receipt, you can see that the cost of hot water most often consists of two parts: water itself (called either “cold water for hot water” or even just “DHW”), the cost of which is very close or even equal to the cost of cold water indicated in the line “HW”, and the same “DHW heating” (or “heat in DHW”).

Thus, “DHW heating” is not a separate utility service, but component public services for hot water supply.

Two-part tariff

In accordance with the amendments made by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 14, 2015 No. 129 to the Rules for establishing and determining standards for the consumption of utility services, approved by the RF Government of the Russian Federation dated May 23, 2006 No. 306, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation when establishing standards for the consumption of utility services for hot water supply (hereinafter - DHW) have the right, and from 2020, are required to approve standards for cold water consumption for the provision of public services for hot water supply in residential premises and standards for the consumption of thermal energy for heating cold water for the provision of public services for hot water supply.

That is, the previously used “coefficient”, which allows us to determine the volume of heat content in the hot water supply, is now quite officially called the standard for the consumption of thermal energy for heating cold water for the provision of public services for hot water supply. At the same time, the volume of heat energy calculated on the basis of this standard and the volume of hot water consumed by a specific consumer is precisely indicated in the line “DHW heating”.

According to Rules 354 (as amended by the Russian Federation Regulations dated February 14, 2015 No. 129), the cost of hot water supply is calculated by summing up the cost of two components - the cost of the coolant (directly the water itself) and the cost of heat spent on heating this water to the required temperature (“DHW heating”) .

Additionally, it is worth noting that if DHW is produced inside the house using a heat exchanger (or boiler), then the amount of heat energy spent on “heating up DHW” is calculated based not on the standard heat energy consumption, but on the actual heat consumed (or other utility resource spent on heating ).

conclusions

“DHW heating” is not an independent utility service; the specified term refers to the amount of heat energy spent on heating cold water to provide a hot water supply utility service. The specified heat energy is one of the components of the DHW utility service.

When the state authorities of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation establish a two-component tariff for hot water supply, presenting the cost of hot water supply to the consumer in the form of the cost of two separate components of this service does not contradict the current legislation.

Water is supplied to each apartment - cold and hot. Bills for it are issued according to the volume consumed by consumers - per cubic meters, which is easy to determine: you need to take meter readings on the first day of the new month and compare them with the readings on the first day of the previous month, the difference will be the actual water consumption for the past month.

To find out how much you will have to pay, you need to multiply the actual cubic meters used by the tariffs.

Calculation of tariffs is regulated by the following legislative acts:

  1. To heat 1 m3 of water, you need to spend 0.055 Gcal according to the norm. heat;
  2. the heating tariff in Astrakhan, for example, is 1,635.56 rubles/Gcal;
  3. the result of the calculation is as follows: 3m3x0.055x1635.56 = 270 rubles.

The two-component breakdown of the cost of hot water is more correct and, moreover, more economical.

A new line has appeared in the housing and communal services receipt: cold water PC

Those residents who have not installed water meters in their apartments pay according to standard consumption. This can be beneficial only in one case - when the registration rules are violated, and the apartment where 1-2 people are registered actually lives more people, and the actual water consumption is much higher than that indicated on the receipt, because it is proposed to pay for the consumption of two residents.

In all other cases, without meters for hot and cold water, you have to pay more than for the cubic meters actually used. The situation has especially worsened since this year, when it appeared in receipts new line: cold water pc.

The abbreviation PC stands for “increasing factor”, which increases the payment amount from 2017 according to the standards by another 1.6 times (RF RF dated April 16, 2013 No. 344), provided that it is technically possible to install metering devices, although would be collective, there is.

What is the norm of water per day per person and per month in housing and communal services?

Cold water consumption standards per person in housing and communal services without a meter are approved by local governments per person. and for Moscow (Resolution No. 75-PP) are:

Monthly consumption rates must be multiplied by the number of residents registered in the apartment, standard cubic meters are obtained, which must be multiplied by the tariffs in force in the current period of time in a particular locality. Amounts received are subject to payment if there are no meters.

It's worth the time and small expense to purchase and install. apartment appliances accounting, but then pay only for those resources that were actually spent by the residents themselves.

The use of an increasing coefficient should encourage those who have not yet taken care of equipping their homes with water meters to quickly do so - the amounts in receipts for water will then be pleasantly surprised.

Payment for hot water is one of the main expense items for apartment owners in apartment buildings. Management companies regularly receive questions regarding both the charging of fees for this service and the current tariffs. In the article we will deal with all these points and provide useful reference material, including a table with hot water tariffs updated in 2019 in Moscow.

Many consumers are still surprised by the appearance of the “water heating” item in the payment for housing and communal services. This innovation appeared quite a long time ago - in 2013. According to Government Decree No. 406 of May 13, 2013, in houses with a centralized water supply system, payment must be made according to a 2-component tariff.

What to do if the owner uses his a heating element? Should he pay for heating or not? This question was answered by an expert in the MKD Management help system.

The traditional hot water tariff was divided into two parts:

  • cold water consumption;
  • heat consumption.

For this reason, a line appeared on the receipt indicating the amount of heat spent on heating cold water. Many people think that payment for this heating is being charged illegally, although it is indeed legal.

Answers Denis Nesterenko- Head of expert support for the MKD Management reference system.

Calculate the fee depending on the type engineering system in the apartment building and the type of tariff for domestic hot water, which was approved by the authorized body. The law provides for two schemes for calculating DHW fees:

With centralized DHW system
- using ITP or other equipment

The innovation was required due to the fact that residents additionally use an unaccounted amount of energy. Heated towel rails and risers are connected to the hot water system, which consume heat. These costs were not previously taken into account when calculating payments for CG. Taking money for heat supply is only allowed during heating season, therefore, heating the air due to the operation of the heated towel rail as a utility service was not subject to payment. The solution was found precisely in the form of such a division of the tariff into two parts.

For a better understanding, it is worth describing the situation with DHW heating in numbers. If nothing else is required from cold water other than cleanliness and pressure, then with hot water everything is a little more complicated. In the case of DHW, another parameter is added - temperature. The supplier must withstand it, otherwise complaints are received, an inspection is ordered, and if violations are confirmed, the payment is reduced. For hot water, the temperature must be at least +60ºС.

The analysis revealed that heating hot water circulating through pipelines consumes about 40% of the heat generally required for domestic hot water supply at home. The hot water coming from the supplier is not consumed in full and is sent through the return pipe to the heat exchanger, where it is heated by boiling water supplied to the house. As it passes through the pipes it cools down. If little water is consumed in an apartment building, then heat losses can reach significant values, and the fee paid by the owners at a one-component tariff will not be enough to cover all costs.

Dividing the tariff so that the cost of heating water is taken into account separately was a solution to this problem.

The heat supply organization (RSO) and the homeowners' association entered into a resource supply agreement. Under the agreement, RSO supplies thermal energy and hot water to the apartment building.

Resource providers and homeowners' associations differently determined the amount of thermal energy for heating water supplied to provide hot water supply utilities. As a result, the HOA incurred a debt, which the resource officers tried to collect through the courts. The HOA did not agree with the position of the RSO. The Supreme Court helped sort out the situation.

Tariff table for hot water from July 1, 2019 in Moscow

The introduction of a new tariff system in Russia, implying a fee for heating hot water, is happening gradually. The decision on this is made at the regional level, so news about the transition to a new system periodically appears. For example, a 2-component tariff for hot water was introduced in the Altai Territory at the beginning of July 2018. Let us describe what this division looks like.

  1. Cold water for hot water supply. The calculation of payment here is quite simple - the water passes through a “hot” meter, its volume in cubic meters is fixed and multiplied by the cost of cold water at the current rate.
  2. Heating, that is, thermal energy expended to provide hot water supply. Here the calculations become somewhat more complicated - the cubic meters counted by the meter are multiplied by the standard for heating water, as well as by the cost of a gigacalorie.

The issue with the standard for cold water heating for DHW. It refers to the amount of thermal energy that is expended to bring a cubic meter of water to the required temperature. This standard is approved at the level of the body working in the regional administration that regulates prices and tariffs.

If in the Altai Territory the transition to 2-component tariffing took place on July 1, 2018, then in Chelyabinsk region it happened earlier. In some regions the system is already working, in others the transition is still postponed. For example, in the Volgograd region they decided to postpone the introduction of the new system until January 1, 2020. Until this moment, the cost of the service will be charged according to the previous principle - simply for the volume consumed, depending on the tariff for 1 cubic meter of hot water.

The transition to a two-component tariff is a federal initiative that provides certain freedom of action for the regions. New system Over time, it should begin to work throughout the country, but now subjects have the right to start working with it or to postpone this moment. For example, by a recent decision of the Government, the deadline for adopting heat consumption standards for heating cold water for domestic hot water was postponed to the beginning of 2020.

The table shows tariffs for hot water in Moscow, taking into account the increase that occurred from July 1, 2018.

The tariff rate for hot water supply for Muscovites does not include the commission that payment system operators and banking organizations charge for their services when they accept this payment. The specified tariff, according to established practice, will be valid for 1-2 years, after which it will increase again to overcome inflationary fluctuations.

As you can see, Moscow currently uses a single-component tariff for hot water supply, in which consumers pay for the service in the amount of cubic meters consumed per installed meters or, in their absence (which is already rare today), according to the standard.

How much have water heating tariffs increased?

In the capital, as in many other cities, from July 1 current year the cost of a number of utility services has increased. Average height by order of the Moscow government should not be higher than 5.5 percent, while for certain positions there was no increase at all. If we talk about hot water, it has become more expensive for citizens living in “old” Moscow, and now its price is the already mentioned 198.19 rubles per cubic meter.