Words with an unchecked unstressed vowel. Alternating, checked and unchecked unstressed vowel in the root

One of the significant differences between vowel sounds and consonants is related to the strong and weak position in the word. If a dubious consonant comes before a so-called sonorant sound (that is, before l, m, n, r), V or before a vowel - this means that the consonant is in a strong position.

Important! Vowel sounds have only one strong position - under stress.

An inexperienced student may think that testing is a tool for all occasions.

To easily part with this misconception, you need to remember a few nuances:

• Check only the unstressed vowels in the root that need checking.
• If a word contains an unstressed, unchecked vowel, you need to look in a spelling dictionary.
• In roots with alternation, apply a different rule.

If you know these nuances, the unverifiable will no longer seem like an insurmountable problem.

Dangerous and safe sounds

What danger does sound in an unstressed position pose? The ability to transform into a double. For example, in the word heavy dubious sound I, in an unstressed position it can easily be confused with e. There are words where uh or e sounds like And, A And unexpectedly “puts on the mask” of his “relative” e. It is just as easy to confuse vowels in unstressed position A And O.

Interesting fact! Sounds at, Yu, e safe.

For example, e always under stress, that is, in a strong position, which means it is unlikely to make a mistake. A at And Yu there is nothing to confuse with, because they have no doubles. Thereby at always stands in a strong position, and there is no need to put it under . Therefore, when checking the word corner you need to check the one standing in a weak position O(inexperienced students sometimes forget about this).

Examination

There are many words in the Russian language that have only one stress and several sounds in a weak position. In such cases, it is not far from error. Considering that dubious vowels can be checked only with the help of stress, schoolchildren often encounter difficulties and ask the question: can they find a test word or not?

In some cases, it is possible to select one or even two test words, and the problem of spelling difficult sounds will be solved.

What to do in cases with unverifiable , for example, uh in a word equator? An inexperienced student can write “icquator.” In such cases best friend The schoolchild will have a spelling dictionary, which contains words with unverifiable unstressed vowels. After checking your spelling, you need to remember vocabulary words with questionable sounds, for example, soldier, strip, bike.

But there are other rules, and here the attempt to use a test word is in vain: sometimes a situation arises where it can be misleading. This means that you need to remember the rule well in order to recognize it and avoid possible mistakes.

Roots with alternation

Here is one of the rules: in the roots mountains, clone, creation in an unstressed position you need to write a letter O, and in zar, float must be A. What is heard is written under stress. If, for example, you try to do a traditional check O in a word bend over, result - bow And bow. There is no need to check these roots with help.

If you firmly remember the rule about roots with alternation, there is no doubt: of course, bend over need to write via O, and in the word enlightened – A. And, of course, you need to remember the exceptions.

There is one more rule. If a student doesn’t know it, he’ll probably write grow through O, having failed to verify the dubious A. The rule is simple: in grow, grow there must be a letter A, and at the root grew up need to write O.

And you need to remember the exceptions: Rostok, industry, Rostov. Similar at root lodge is written O, and at the root lag respectively A.

IN with how is written A, A skoch written through O. There are exceptions to the rule - leap, jump .

An interesting rule where the suffix commands the alternation A.

Here are the options for such alternations:

• letter combination ir;
• other letter combinations;
• alternating two sounds with one;
• roots with alternation O And A.

Important! In the first case, an unusual spelling is obtained: part of the root, together with the suffix, turns into a female name.

In the first two cases, the rule sounds like this: if there is a suffix A, fundamentally you need to write And, and if there is no suffix, it appears e.

We are already familiar with simultaneous and consonantal. But there are also cases when, “at the command” of an authoritative suffix, an alternation occurs A or I With them or in. For example, class written through I, and in the word study a suffix appears, and before it a sound combination them(it turns out ima). A similar situation with alternation in words crush– crumple.

And at the root kos-kas alternate O And A. It is written without a suffix braid, and with the suffix – casa. Example of alternations: touch – touch.

Useful video

Let's sum it up

If in doubt, you either need to look in a spelling dictionary and remember the correct spelling, or you need to apply the rule about alternating roots. In two rules, the vowel in the root alternates with the consonant. There are several rules where alternation is associated with the appearance or disappearance of a suffix A.

Verified Vowels In unstressed syllables, vowels are written as they are pronounced under udazzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzand and and andzzzzzzzzzzkistan. For example: to put on those who quarreled (peace) - to put on shoes (fitting on) In unstressed syllables, vowels are written as they are pronounced under udazzzzzzzleniya. For example: to put on a quarrel (peace) - to put on shoes (fitting on) To pronounce an unstressed vowel at the root of a word, it is necessary to change this word so that the sound falls on the unstressed vowel, that is, put this vowel in a strong (stressed) position, for example, knit - knits.

Unverifiable vowels If the spelling of an unstressed vowel at the root of a word cannot be verified by selection related words or changing the form of a word, then the spelling of the word should be remembered. For example: carriage, vinaigrette, fire garden, glass, hurricane, exam. Look at the dictionary! If the spelling of an unstressed vowel at the root of a word cannot be corrected by selecting related words or changing the form of the word, then the spelling of the word should be remembered. For example: carriage, vinaigrette, fire garden, glass, hurricane, exam. Look at the dictionary!

Alternating vowels in the root 1. The main condition for choosing vowels in the root is the final consonants of the root: -lag- - -lozh- -ros- - -rast- (-rasch-) -skak- - -skoch- 2. The main condition for choosing vowels in root - the presence of the suffix -a- after the root: -kos- - -kas- -bir- - -ber- (etc.) -nim- - on- 3. The main condition for choosing vowels in the root is the place of stress: -zar- - -zor- -gor- - -gar- -clone- - -clan- -tvor- - -tvar- -swim- - -swim- 4. The main condition for choosing vowels in the root is – lexical meaning root: -mak- - -mok- -equal- - -equal- 1. The main condition for choosing vowels in the root is the final consonants of the root: -lag- - -lozh- -ros- - -rast- (-rasch-) -skak - - -skoch- 2. The main condition for choosing vowels in the root is the presence of the suffix –a- after the root: -kos- - -kas- -bir- - -ber- (etc.) -nim- - on- 3. Main the condition for choosing vowels in the root is the place of stress: -zar- - -zor- -gor- - -gar- -clone- - -clan- -tvor- - -tvar- -swim- - -swim- 4. The main condition for choosing vowels in the root – lexical meaning of the root: -mak- - -mok- -equal- - -equal-

I - E in roots with alternating I before suffix -a-E in other cases -bir(a)-collect-ber-gather -dir(a)-rip off-der-rip off -world(a)-freeze-mer-zametret -tir(a)-wipe-ter-wipe -feast( a) -lock-per-zatret -zhig(a)-burnout-burnt-burnt -quiet(a)-calm-stel-spread -bylist(a)-look-brest-brest-cheat(a)-subtract-even - deduction But: combine, combination, even

Spelling of roots -gar- - -gor-, -zar- - -zor-, -clan- - -clone-, -tvar- - -crea- Under the udazzzzzrenie Without emphasis -zar- - -zor- glow of dawn -zar- zarnitsa ozazzzzzzzznie -gar- tan cinder -gor- tanned ripe -clan- - -clone- bow bow -clone- bow bow -creature- - - create- creature creativity -create-create

O - And in unstressed roots -mok- (-moch-) - -mak-, -equal- - -equal- -mok- (-moch-) in words with the meaning “to let liquid through; to warm one’s qualities while being for a long time in water" waterproof soak -mac- "immerse in liquid" dip cracker in tea -equal- "equal, equal, equal" equalize - make equal equation -equal- "straight, smooth, equal" equalize Exceptions: plain, peer, equal , level, equal

Insert unprovable unstressed vowels F..ntasia Opt..miem Int..llect K..companion Tr..diction Apl..disments K..conflict Enthus..deputy P..lempika Id..ologea K..component Man. .fest Id..ballroom P..patriotism Ex..author Comp..ritor Privile..gay Unattainable N..worm V..theron Izh..broom Pal..rider Choir..biography Rest..in walkie-talkie Min..atura Uni..rsity Int..ligentsia Ab..nement D..clam Dil..tent S..antimental Certificate Pr..gnoz Orig..nbal R..regulation Del..gatt Sovereign ..tet Ab..tourient Altern..vita K..overalls P..pessimist Pl..gita Privat..radiation Atr..but Ant..gonism Qual..fixation Gard..rob D..disinfection In.. cycles Catalog..log Pr..paganda M..tsenat Med..mentions D..requita Check yourself

Fantasy Optimiem Intellect Co-companion Tradition Applause Co-conflict Enthusiasts Controversy Ideology Co-component Manifesto Ideal Papatriotism Excaauthor Comporitor Privilege Inaccessible Niglist Veteran Dependent Palyvsadnik Chorebiography Restoration walkie-talkie Miniature University Intellectuals Subscription Recite Amateur Sentiment ball Certificate Forecast Original Regulations Delegate Sovereignty Entrant Alternavita Co-overalls Pepessimist Plagita Privatization Attribute Antagonism Qualification Wardrobe Disinfection Initicycles Catalog Propaganda Patron Medicines Directquita If you have made many mistakes, return to the rules

Insert verifiable unstressed vowels Vl..stalin Sozh..summer Change..zzzzzznie Consume..sowing Tam..t Proclaim St..rina Op..treatment Ob..publishing house Razuv..five Enjoy..wait Prov. .influence Inex..rpable See..reading feelings B..scourge vices Look..influence Note..zzzzzzzzz with the enemy Refresh..influence stock Achieve..burn the target Cap..steal the villain..Suppress Sup..Reveal ..melting..squeezing..asking for help Compressing..thread See..teaching Age..burning Lecturer K..Key Corrupted..dealt Earthquake..seniment Char..ing Embrace..squeeze the younger Flag flutters Dedicate versehhi Neglected..living M..wrinkled Art..lived cities Uv..zhzhzhzhzhenie Imagination..zhzhzhzhzhenie Make..influence plan Rearrange..new Unite..dream Uv..boiler room Raska. .live Posed..done old man Check yourself

Lord Regretful Izmezzzzzzzzzof the Sovereign Tame Proclaim the Old Man Policing Obligation To dismantle the Obligation To Enjoy Glorify The Inexhaustible Softening of Feelings To Scourge Vices To Lead Primizzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz with the enemy Renew the stock Achieve the goal Punish the villain Keep silent Pay Enlightenment Interpret for help Flatten Crumple Rebirth Burning Teacher Prickly Thinned Earthquake Charm Offend the younger Flag fluttering Dedicate poetry Disdainful Wrinkled Lived the city Respect Burn Imagination Make a plan Rearrange Unite Fascinating Heat Gray old man If you have made many mistakes, go back to the rules

Insert alternating vowels K..solar Age..st Lock..third door Bl..worth Post..pour Compounds Sw..drop into the water Por..get in Try..fight Lock..mature Select..Choose Unbreakable Pl..weight R..herald Elb..native Upstart..chka Nakl..gentle Remembrance..knowledge Wipe..third board Charity Off..thread Z..row Tv..zzzzzz vision of the master Unwind..warm up Dec..become Ble..Stateful Z..rnitsa Neg..sle To..dream Suggest..burning Suggest..suggest Disc..opinion Gr..grown Sk..undermind reputation Respective ..zzzzzview of the world Exp..cost Oz..zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzg..dismiss..dream Reply..drink dungeon Location..burning burning R..equality Prik..dr. R..wine Ride..ride on a horse Unacceptable..superior Cancel.. burrowing customs Close..third from fear Pl..stumpy plant Sk..new horse Stoop..gentle Check yourself

Tangent Age Lock the door Shine Bed Components Dip in water Get equal Wade through Mature Select Fireproof Swimmer Same age Election campaign Upstart Remembrance Wipe the board Charity Charge Tvozzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzof a master Get warm Bend Brilliant Lightning Branch Touch Suggestion Burnt Jump Jump Kneel Grown Reject Reject Damn reputation World view Grow Ozzzzzzzzzzzzzzright Prikosnovenik Ravinny Ride a horse Inviolable Dying customs Frozen in fear Floating plant Skana horse Inclined If you are allowed a lot of mistakes, go back to the rules

“Funny dictation” 1. I sorted out all the books, quickly tried them in the house. 2. The sunshine flashed and lit up our faces. 3. R...mstikhkhslav walked along the river...wine, wed...finval it with others. 4. I stopped solving equations and selected comparisons for my essay. 5. R... an airy and carefree student lost his diary. 6. I grate the carrots before...then I sweep them up and quickly subside. 7. I didn’t see the television cameras, I suddenly got scared, quickly froze. 8. I lock the door quietly, touch the lock only lightly. 9. R...drain reaches out to the light, it...grows up...poetry over this summer. 10. The polished floor was...worth it and made my mother’s soul happy. 1. I sorted out all the books, quickly tried them in the house. 2. The sunshine flashed and lit up our faces. 3. R...mstikhkhslav walked along the river...wine, wed...finval it with others. 4. I stopped solving equations and selected comparisons for my essay. 5. R... an airy and carefree student lost his diary. 6. I grate the carrots before...then I sweep them up and quickly subside. 7. I didn’t see the television cameras, I suddenly got scared, quickly froze. 8. I lock the door quietly, touch the lock only lightly. 9. R...the drain reaches out to the light, it...grows up...poetry over this summer. 10. The polished floor was...worth it and made my mother’s soul happy. check yourself

1. I’ll sort out all the books and quickly look through the house. 2. Lightning flashed and illuminated our faces. 3. Romstikkhslav walked along the plain, strafinval it with others. 4. I gave up solving equations and was looking for comparisons for an essay. 5. An airy and careless student lost his diary. 6. I grate the carrots, then sweep them up and quickly subside. 7. I didn’t see the television cameras, I suddenly got scared and quickly froze. 8. I lock the door quietly, touching the lock only lightly. 9. The sprout reaches out to the light and is about to grow this summer. 10. The polished floor shines and makes mother’s soul happy. 1. I’ll sort out all the books and quickly look through the house. 2. Lightning flashed and illuminated our faces. 3. Romstikkhslav walked along the plain, strafinval it with others. 4. I gave up solving equations and was looking for comparisons for an essay. 5. An airy and careless student lost his diary. 6. I grate the carrots, then sweep them up and quickly subside. 7. I didn’t see the television cameras, I suddenly got scared and quickly froze. 8. I lock the door quietly, touching the lock only lightly. 9. The sprout reaches out to the light and is about to grow this summer. 10. The polished floor shines and makes mom’s soul happy.

Option 1 I. In which row in all words is the unstressed vowel of the root missing, verified by sight? 1. Heat, aged, combining 2. Sub..drink, hard..stun, prose.. 3. Over..break, boiled, side 4. Hug, touch, dream, caress. II. In which row is the alternating vowel of the root missing in all words? 1. St..rational, illumined, quarter..station 2. Ep..demic, pl..stikhline, transform 3. Swimming, start..t, sun..start 4. Donkey..tender, flicker, grow..stand III. In which row is the same letter missing in all words? 1.Sit..on the porch, opt..meem, get up..fight 2.Dis..disarm the gun, experiment..wipe..third 3.Increase..build up strength,app..llation, come. .fight 4.Composition, peri..phery, was..stable IV. In which row is the same letter missing in all words? 1.Start..to give birth to a house, zag..mature, r..substantial 2.To ask..for help, to..component, to bend..to 3.Tavt..logea, r..stenice, cf.. opinion 4.K..component, lit up, jumped..chok

Option 2 I. In which row in all words is the unstressed vowel of the root missing, verified by visual inspection? 1. Gather, zag..mature, k..mmersant 2. Peri..d, k..sew, preliminary 3. S..situation, ag..gather, b..next 4. See..teaching, uv..boiler, manage..stand II. In which row in all words is the alternating vowel of the root missing? 1.Understanding..mania, exchange..sink, compare..opinion 2.Mat..realistic, flow..net, simplification 3.Osm..fly, p..stringy, divided..new 4. To appear, appreciative, compromise III. In which row is the same letter missing in all words? 1. Develop the mind, r.. license, record.. third 2. Achieve.. success, d.. declaration, stop.. stop 3. Calc.. drain, d.. range, elect.. body 4. D.. dissertation, d.. firamb, meeting.. assignment IV. In which row is the same letter missing in all words? 1.Akk..rdeonist, ot..left, nar..shchivayushchy 2.Pog..relets, alg..rhythm, n..wellist 3.R..numeracy guide, par..doxbal, assume 4. Up..chick, asshole, an..chronicity

Option 3 I. In which row in all words is the unstressed vowel of the root missing, verified by visual inspection? 1. Help..gatt, d..document, immediately..gattelny 2.V..new, turn..r, in..zi 3.Iz..zhzhzhzhdenie, d..construct, d..lekaya 4. Aquar..relny, z..ryad, ukr..tit II. In which row is the unverified unstressed vowel of the root missing in all words? 1.Invitation..to walk, to ug..sat, to grow..verse 2.Represent..to influence, purpose..decoration 3.D..horn, fantasy, l..laboratory 4. Teacher..vatel, b..rdyur, izh..venik III. In which row is the letter A missing in all the words? 1. Teacher..is supposed to simplify 2.Represent..influence, purpose..dec..dec. 3.D..rozhenka, n..v..cain, ob.. knowledge 4. Invite..shat, ug..sat, grow..verse IV. In which row is the letter I missing in all the words? 1. St..scholarship, freezes..lays, d..firamb 2.Different..mother, chronic..stomatia, experiment 3.D..scrimination, b..mother, was..sleep 4. Sit..sit on a bench, intellectuals..get busy..

4 option I. In which row in all words is the unstressed vowel of the root missing, verified by visual inspection? 1. Carefully, illumined, s..station 2.Ep..demic, plastic..transform, transform 3.Transform, begin, hurry..rushing 4. Osl..tender, flickering, m..todika II. In which row is the alternating vowel of the root missing in all words? 1.Connect..opinion, from..treat, priority 2.Forgot..steel, try..fight, spread out 3.Priv..alloyed, iz..nil, develop..mind 4 .Just...fight, fell..rider, disdainful..III. In which row is the letter A missing in all the words? 1. Neg..sl, abbreviate, r..splendid 2.Previously, sk..roll, election campaign 3.Bless..vit, immediately..gattelny, di..gonal 4 .Presumably, prophecy..become, p..norama IV. In which row is the letter E missing in all words? 1. Ep..demic, p..chat, r..acting 2.L..cloudy, burning..rishina 3.Sv..detel, froze..barking, came out..extended 4. Reserved..stretch, m..cenat, lit..streets

The eighth task of the Unified State Exam in Russian tests the skills of graduates in the field correct spelling words For him correct execution You can get one primary point. In the task you need to find a word in which a certain vowel is missing - either verifiable, or unchecked, or alternating. To do this, you need to have a good understanding of the spelling of roots with tested unstressed vowels, alternating vowels, as well as vocabulary words, the correct spelling of which must be remembered. To facilitate the repetition of this topic, we present a theory based on the materials of the eighth task of the Unified State Exam.

Theory for task No. 8 of the Unified State Exam in Russian

• tested unstressed vowel

This is the most easy option; To define it, you need to choose a form of the word in which the vowel will be stressed. For example, “reconcile”, “braggart”, “hardened” are checked by the words “peace”, “boast”, “callous”. Sometimes it is difficult to determine its meaning from a word without a vowel; for example, “to fade” can be understood both as “to see” and as “to fade.” This was taken into account when developing exam tasks: similar words are given in a contextual phrase.

There are not many alternating roots in the Russian language; you can simply memorize them. This table shows the alternating vowels in the root of a word and the rules for their use. However, you need to remember the exceptions that are missing from it: pretend, illuminate, combine, level, equally, peer, spasmodic.

• unchecked unstressed vowel

Here is a table of words from which are most often found in the exam.

Algorithm for completing the task

1. We carefully read the task, remember the rule (alternation of vowels in the root of a word, verifiable vowels in the root of a word, unchecked vowels in the root of a word).
2. We insert the missing vowels into each word given in the task, determine the rule on which the spelling of each word is based.
3. We find the right word, write it down, inserting the missing letter. We write down the answer.

Analysis of typical options for task No. 8 of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language

The eighth task of the demo version 2018

1. m..tsenat
2. look...see
3. mountainous (terrain)
4. grow up
5. comp..nent

Execution algorithm:

1. Maecenas come to terms with– the vowel being tested in the root of the word (smirny); mountainous terrain)– the vowel being tested in the root of the word (mountain); component
2. Nurture– a word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing (roots rast - ros). We write a letter in place of the gap A, since it is followed by consonants ST.

Answer: nurture

First version of the task

Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

1. exp...dication
2. hydrogen...sli
3. k...lendary
4. k...shaky
5. post...pour

Execution algorithm:

1. An unstressed checkable vowel is a vowel that can be checked by changing the word and placing it under stress: MOUNTAIN – MOUNTAINS.
2. We insert the missing vowels into each word given in the task: expedition, calendar– you need to remember (unverifiable vowel at the root of the word); seaweed, lay– have an alternating vowel in the root.
3. Feline– a word in which the unstressed vowel being tested is missing. We select a test word where the vowel will be stressed: cat.

Answer: cat

Second version of the task

Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

1. v..rsy
2. adventure
3. g..roar
4. accept..mother
5. adv..cat

Execution algorithm:

1. Roots with alternating vowels: ber - bir, kas - kos, lag - lodge, etc.
2. We insert the missing vowels into each word given in the task: nappy– test vowel – test word pile; adventure– unchecked vowel at the root of the word (you need to remember the spelling); grieve– the vowel being tested in the root of the word (gore). The alternation of “gor/gar” occurs in words such as “ tan, burnt, burn, scorch, cinder». Advocate– an untestable vowel at the root of the word (needs to be remembered).
3. Accept– a word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is omitted (alternation nya/him): accept – accept.

Answer: accept

Third version of the task

Identify the word in which the unstressed unchecked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

1. op..sanie
2. l...lay
3. dry out
4. entertainment
5. calculate

Execution algorithm:

1. An untestable vowel at the root of a word is a vowel whose spelling needs to be remembered (for example: the vinaigrette).
2. We insert the missing vowels into each word given in the task: description– the vowel being tested in the root of the word (test word we write); get up to something– alternating vowel at the root of the word (creativity – utensils); entertainment– vowel being tested, test word have fun; calculate– the vowel being tested in the root of the word, test word numbers.
3. Cherish- a word with an unverifiable vowel at the root; its spelling must be remembered.

Preparation for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language often begins with a repetition of the basic rules, including the topic “Spelling unstressed untested vowels at the root of a word.” And, although this section is covered in sufficient detail within the framework of the basic school course, many students experience certain difficulties in completing such tasks, and therefore need to repeat the material. At the same time, knowing how to write unstressed untested vowels at the root of a word, high school students will be able to successfully pass certification tests and count on receiving decent scores.

Key Points to Learn

There are cases when vowels located at the root of a word cannot be checked by stress. In this situation it is static. This means that in such words the stress does not move to the unstressed vowel in the root when the form is changed or as a result of the selection of a cognate concept. Let's take the following words as an example:

• dog - dog, dog, dog, (swim) like a dog;
• bed - crib, bedside, bedside;
• compote - compote, compote;
• exercise - exercise, exercise.
• Words containing unverifiable unstressed vowels at the root must be memorized. When faced with difficulties when writing them, experts recommend using a spelling dictionary.

Here is a list of the most common words with an unverified unstressed vowel at the root:

• avant-garde, car, agronomist, actor, fragrance;
• crimson, balcony, bazaar, ram, loaf, librarian;
• carriage, lobby, vinaigrette, station, veteran;
• delegation, sofa, director, discipline;
• harmony, garrison, deli, horizon;
• engineer, frost;
• cabinet, kalach, captain, pocket, cornice, picture, potatoes, pan, catalogue, room, conductor, designer, ship, self-interest, nettle;
• palm, azure, lorgnette;
• driver, sailor, medal;
• notary, still life;
• charm, cloud, smell, cucumber, orange, officer;
• palette, front garden, landscape, planet, clinic, portfolio, prospectus, interest;
• boot, frying pan, glass, stadium, carpenter;
• plate, tractor driver, coach, sidewalk;
• plywood, purple, felt-tip pen, fountain;
• chauffeur.

The educational portal "Shkolkovo" will help you prepare qualitatively for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language!

To make tasks that contain words with alternating vowels and unchecked stress easy, choose online classes on our website. Here is all the material you may need to re-study the main sections. Experienced Shkolkovo teachers prepared and presented the information in the most accessible form.

We have developed a fundamentally new algorithm for preparing for certification testing that will help high school students close knowledge gaps. First, schoolchildren are recommended to repeat the theoretical part (what rules you need to know when completing tasks, etc.). Then, after reading the examples, you can practice doing the exercises. A constantly updated list of tasks is presented in the corresponding section of our website.

Start preparing to pass the certification test right now! First, we recommend that you choose a simple task on the topic “Unstressed vowels in the root of a word that cannot be verified by stress” and do it. If no significant difficulties arose and you managed to do it quickly, feel free to choose expert-level exercises. And if difficulties arise, do not forget to leave time in your schedule for regular classes. educational portal"Shkolkovo".

Preparation is carried out online. Both metropolitan and regional schoolchildren can study with us.

Identify the word in which the unstressed unchecked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

accept..mother

be mischievous

burn...burn

impression..smoldering

sorry..fly

Explanation (see also Rule below).

accept-CHG

mischief-NG is not alternation! The roots zar/zor have a different meaning.

burn-CHG

IMPRESSION-PG (Image, reflection, trace left in a person’s mind by surrounding objects, faces, events, thus the imprint is a verification word)

Sorry-PG

There is an unchecked vowel in the word be naughty, the spelling of the word is checked in the dictionary.

Answer: be naughty.

Answer: be naughty

Relevance: Used in 2015-2017

Difficulty: hard

Codifier section: Spelling of roots

Rule: Unstressed vowels in the roots of words. task 9.

TASK 9 Unified State Exam. UNStressed VOWEL IN THE ROOT. GENERALIZATION.

General concept of a root as part of a word

The root is the main significant part of the word, which expresses the basic meaning of the word and the general lexical meaning of all words with the same root.

It is the general meaning, not appearance the root (or part of it) allows one to classify a word as related (or cognate) words. There are many roots in the Russian language that are written the same, but have completely different meanings. different meanings. For example, the letter combination GOR occurs in thousands of words and is a root in the words BURN, GORE, MOUNTAIN and similar roots to them. But these are not the same root, but different ones, because in the meaning of the words BURN, BURN, MOUNTAIN have nothing in common. This fact plays a huge role in writing roots with an unstressed vowel. So, in the given series of words, each word has its own separate way of checking: burn (root with alternation), burn (test word gore), gora (mountainous).

In task 8 there are:

To successfully complete the task you must:

Be able to determine the type of root;

Apply rules governing the spelling of a particular type of root.

Depending depending on root type exist different rules writing unstressed vowels in the roots of words.

8.1. Unstressed vowels tested by stress

PG

In accordance with general As a rule, the writing of letters in place of unstressed vowels in roots is established by checking words and forms with the same root in which the vowel being tested is stressed, for example: l e sa (l e s), l And sa (l And sy), ; X O l O dilnik (x O lod, cold O bottom), prin e sti (principal e c), issue O take away (n O full). This rule is practiced throughout the entire school course of the Russian language, and the study began in primary school. Everyone remembers the rule:

But either we don’t know how to place stress, or our vocabulary is so small that we can’t find a test word, or we don’t understand where the words are related and where they are not, but traditionally the percentage of successful completion of this task is low. The most common mistake is that the test word is selected based only on the external similarity of the roots, without taking into account the meaning. The overall meaning is what matters. That's why the words lily and lilac; run and beige; jacket and caftan,veteran and wind and many others cannot be tests for each other

NOTES

1. Unstressed vowels of the root in words that are similar in sound but different in meaning are written differently: hall e shut up(in pocket) - hall And shut up(wounds) otv A rip(potato) - otv O rip(door), floor A roll(cat) - floor O roll(mouth), size e baby(sprouts) – size I baby(gun), mind A lie(meaning) - mind O lie(about mercy) approx. e swear(m e ra) suit – approx. And swear(m And p) neighbors; development e varies(V e yat) flag – development And varies(developed And ie) industry. The word in brackets helps to understand the meaning of the word with the missing letter.
2. The vowel o in unstressed verb roots perfect form it is impossible to check with forms of the imperfect form on –yat (–iv), for example: op O create(P O late, although op A building yva t), coloring O it(cr O yika, although color Awillow t).
3. If the root is written е, then in unstressed position in single-root words one should write е: speckled (variegated), starfall (stars), spring (springs), nest (nests)
4. Unstressed a - o in roots with partial vowel combinations ra, la (barber, stop, drag out, cloud) cannot be checked with the corresponding full vowel combinations in the root oro, olo (beard, shorten, drag, shell). Incomplete combinations are characteristic of Old Church Slavonic roots, and they are always written A.
5. Not worth it blindly check foreign words each other. In some words of foreign origin with a suffix that is distinguished only etymologically, the spelling of an unstressed vowel cannot be checked with a word of the same root if the vowel being checked and the check vowel are included in suffixes of different origins, for example: subscription(-ement goes back to the French suffix), although subscribe(- ate goes back to the German suffix); accompaniment, Although accompany. Compare also a similar phenomenon in the composition of a foreign language root disinfection ic edit, Although disinfection ek tion. The vowel of the root is preserved in words injection - to inject, projection - to project and some others. Desire to check the word the president in a word presidium is also doubtful, since these words are related only in the source language, and in the Russian language there is NOT (or not yet) a single dictionary where these words are interpreted as related.
6. It is unacceptable to check foreign words using abbreviated words that appear in colloquial speech. Yes, word computer can't be verified by words computer(there is no such word in the nest of related words, and it is not in dictionaries either; it is impossible to check the word intellectual in a word intel(the word "Intel" does not exist).

8.2. Unstressed vowels not checked by stress

Brief designation in explanation NG

Along with words that can be checked with words of the same root or by changing its form, there is whole line words whose spelling does not obey any rules from the point of view of modern language. It would be great if there was a single list of words that must be memorized, and it was published in textbooks and manuals for preparing for the Unified State Exam. But there is no such list, at least not yet. In this series there are both native Russian words and borrowed ones, and their number continues to grow due to words of foreign origin. There is only one piece of advice here: do not try to check the unverifiable. As a rule, in Unified State Exam assignments The words being checked are found quickly and are EASY to check. The spelling of words with an unchecked vowel in the root is checked only in a spelling dictionary.

8.3. Unstressed vowels in roots with alternation

Brief designation in explanation CHG

In addition to roots with unstressed vowels that are verified by stress, and those that cannot be verified, there are roots with various vowel alternations. Writing letters in place of unstressed vowels follows tradition. Checking words with alternating vowel stress (by selecting related words) is a gross mistake.

All alternating roots should be learned by heart.. Let's divide them into types.

8.3.1. Alternation of vowels and/e in the root

As can be seen from the table, the roots in which And alternates with e, Total nine. In these roots the letter is written AND before the suffix A, but the letter is written E, if there is no suffix A

Roots with alternating vowels must be learned so that there is no temptation to test conflictingly. For example, the word I'm overwriting it, it would seem, can be verified in words wiped And rubbing, and the word lay – stem And litter. Which sample should I choose for testing? No!

Note the alternating root MER/WORLD , there are only a few words in this series: die, freeze/die, freeze. Homonymous roots (that is, similar, but with a completely different meaning) WORLD and MEP are not roots with alternation. Therefore the words peaceful, reconcile, truce; world, worldview, attitude; try on (dress), fitting room, measurement do not apply to words with alternation at the root.

8.3.2. Spelling of roots with alternation IM/IN with A/YA

Stressed A or I in an unstressed position alternates with IM or IN:

beginning A th - beginning in at; prin I t - prin them oh, pon I t-pon them at, sn I t - sn them ah, szh A t - szh them at. At the same time, spelling im, in, as can be seen from the examples, is associated with the subsequent suffix A. These are pairs of perfective and imperfective verbs, just like the verbs from the previous table.

8.3.3. Alternation of vowels a/o in the root

There are several types depending on the conditions.

1. The spelling of the root depends on the stress. It is impossible to make a mistake in those vowels that are under stress. Therefore, you should memorize only unstressed roots.

2. The spelling of the root depends on the subsequent letter.

3. The spelling of a vowel fundamentally depends on the meaning of the word.