The first thing the owner of a country plot, be it a rural farmstead or just a vegetable garden, should do is ensure water supply. It's good if it was built centralized water supply, but, alas, it is not present in every area. In such a situation, there is only one thing left to do - extract water from underground. Contrary to popular belief, this event is not always extremely expensive, because the technology of drilling a well under water can easily be mastered by a self-taught person who is accustomed to doing everything on his own.

From 12 to 50 m

The middle depths are the kingdom of aquiferous sand. The water here is quite clean, but you won’t be able to get to it with just a shovel or a pointed pipe. Nevertheless, the desire to build a sand well on your own is quite feasible. You will need special equipment and more deep knowledge do-it-yourself water well drilling technologies. It is sand wells that will be discussed further.

About drilling methods

Before you drill a water well with your own hands, you need to choose the type drilling rig(there are three of them).

Shock-rope

A heavy load, called a chuck, as well as a special tool - a bailer - are suspended from the frame using a cable. From below, several strong triangular teeth are welded onto the cartridge, which weighs about 80 kg. By lifting it and dropping it, they loosen the soil, which is then removed with a bailer.

Before starting work, it is necessary to make a shallow well using garden borer. The chuck can be lifted manually, but it is better to use a rotary motor for this.

Applicable this method when working on light or clayey soil.

Auger

The working body of such an installation is similar to garden auger, only very powerful. It is made from a 100 mm pipe onto which a couple of turns of a screw with a diameter of 200 mm are welded. To make one turn, a round sheet blank is used with a hole cut in its center with a diameter of just over 100 mm. A cut is made along the radius of the workpiece, then the edges at the site of this cut are moved in two opposite directions, perpendicular to the plane of the workpiece.

As the drill sinks, the rod on which it is attached is increased. The tool is rotated manually using a long handle made from a pipe. Every 50 - 70 cm the drill will have to be removed, and since as it goes deeper it will have more and more weight, for this it will be necessary to install a tripod with a winch.

Rotary

For all its complexity this option is the most effective and versatile. Soil development is carried out using a drill bit attached to a constantly expanding pipe - a drill rod or column. Drill bits may have different design, the choice of which depends on the type of overcome in this moment soil.

Rotary drilling combines rotary and impact per breed. In addition, the design of the drill column allows water or clay solution to be pumped into the well, which erode the soil and significantly speed up the advancement of the tool.

Where to drill

Before starting any work, the hydrogeological situation should be clarified. Best Source information – owners of surrounding plots, especially if they already have wells or have once tried to build them.

The second way is how to properly make a water well, or rather, choose a place for it - search for hydrogeological maps your area, which can be stored in design organizations or relevant departments.

If it was not possible to obtain a clear idea of ​​the presence and nature of aquifers, you will have to take the most expensive step - order exploratory drilling . However, before that you can try one of traditional methods , for example, dowsing, which, according to some evidence, can indicate with acceptable accuracy the presence or absence of water underground.

When choosing a location for a well, you should beware of neighborhoods in the form of septic tanks, cesspools, landfills or livestock farms. If they are still nearby, then they should be at a distance of no closer than 30 m. Of course, the well should be located closer to the house. Optimal distance is 3 m.

Equipment

To drill a well on a site with your own hands, you need to prepare the following elements:

Read about what characteristics and advantages it has in our separate article.

There is a website for comparison of wells and boreholes. All the pros and cons of these water intake sources.

Let's start drilling

Let's give general instructions regarding how to equip a well at your dacha with your own hands:

1. A square excavation is made in the ground with plan dimensions of 1.5 x 1.5 m and a depth of 1 to 2 m - the so-called pit. It is necessary in order to prevent the crumbling of loose surface soil into the well. The inside of the pit is lined with plywood or boards, and on top of it for ease of carrying out installation work The plank flooring is being laid.
2. After installing the installation, two coaxial holes are cut out in the upper and lower decks of the pit, after which they begin drilling.
3. The drill rod is rotated using a gear motor or manually. At the same time, a support is placed on the bar, and one of the workers strikes it with a hammer. Alternative option: The drill is winched and dropped in a similar manner to cable percussion drilling. If necessary, water or drilling fluid is supplied to the rod.
4. In parallel with drilling, a casing pipe with a special shoe installed below is installed into the well. Like the drill rod, it is gradually built up.
5. After quicksand (soil with high moisture), drilling accelerates (the aquifer has begun), and then slows down again. This means that the waterproof layer has been reached and drilling can be stopped.
6. A filter column is lowered into the well, after which it begins to be washed with strong water pressure.
7. Lowers into the well submersible pump, which they begin to pump out water until it becomes absolutely clean

On final stage to equip a well at the dacha with your own hands, all cavities are filled with a sand-crushed stone mixture, and a pipeline is laid in a trench to the house.

Common Mistakes

The lack of experience of self-taught drillers most often manifests itself in the following:

1. The drill is lowered too deep, causing the casing to cross the aquifer. Solution: raise casing pipe or insert a new, shorter one into it, after which previously installed pipe should be removed.
2. The casing pipe did not reach the required depth, as a result of which the soil below collapsed and the productivity of the well dropped sharply. Solution: remove the soil with a bailer, then immerse the pipe to the required depth.
3. The pump was installed too low, as a result of which the well became clogged with sand.

In the latter case, you should remove the pump and, having selected the sand with a bailer, install it correctly. The correct position is determined as follows: the operating pump is gradually lowered until sand is found in the pumped water. After this, the pump is raised slightly until the water it supplies becomes clean. (usually correct position pump - 1-2 m from the bottom).

How to drill a well under water with your own hands and with the help of what equipment you can watch in the video.

Water on summer cottage– an important and necessary resource. Using a remote source will be much easier and cheaper than organizing a central water supply. Carry water in a bucket, especially in large quantities, is extremely inconvenient, and its quality may be poor. Therefore, in comparison with a well, a well has a number of undeniable advantages. Water is taken from interstratal or artesian waters, which makes the reserves practically inexhaustible. How to drill a water well yourself?

Well for water at home in a summer cottage

Installation is carried out if direct water supply is not possible. It is especially important to use a well on garden plots and in populated areas where there is no urban water supply:

1. A remote source provides independence from the water supply and greatly reduces the cost of using water, making it an economically profitable investment.
2. The water coming from a well is much cleaner than tap water and well water.
3. The reserves are almost inexhaustible (water is available without interruption all year round).
4. There will be no problems with watering crops and feeding livestock.
5. Possibility to install cold/hot water and sewerage (will make favorable conditions residence in the house).
6. No pipe corrosion.

You should approach the issue of drilling a well responsibly. All important factors must be taken into account, such as the purpose of use and the number of people who will use it.

If you are unsure of your choice or doubt something, you should consult with experts in these matters.

You should not save when choosing a drilling method. A well that is dug incorrectly can lead to pump failure, collapse of the hole walls, short circuit, and other various problems. Water must be taken from certain layers of soil. Among the disadvantages, it should be noted the purchase of pumps and equipment according to.

Is it possible to drill a well yourself?

Drilling a well is a labor-intensive process because its length can vary from 8 to 260 meters. The depth of the hole depends on the location of the limestone layer. Therefore, before carrying out work, you need to study the structure and location of the soil layers, which only specialists can do.

Drilling a well with your own hands is not difficult, it is quite difficult to get into a certain layer of soil and create strong walls for the hole. Water collected from a well is most often used for internal consumption. Therefore, if you are not confident in your abilities, then you should not risk the health and life of yourself, your family and friends - it is better to entrust drilling to people experienced in such matters.

Types of structures

The scope of work performed depends on the level at which they lie necessary waters and on the composition of the soil:

1. Well(well - needle). Excellent filling capacity is due to the correct location of the spring; it accumulates up to 3 m³ of water. If necessary, another well should be made (at the greatest possible distance from the first). Depth not lower than 12 m. Mandatory soil composition: sand or sand-crushed stone.
2. Well filtering water through a layer of sand. A pipe with a diameter of 10 cm is dug to a depth of 20 to 50 meters into a layer of sand. At the end there is a mesh that acts as a filter.
3. Limestone artesian well(without a filter). The water supply comes from layers of porous limestone. This source is the deepest (from 20 to 200 meters) and has the longest service life. Drilling Requires special equipment and specialists.

Choosing a location for a well

The place where the well should be located. The type of well, the location of the storage well, the filter well pipes, the location for irrigation and will require quite a lot of space depend on this choice.

The existence of a shallow aquifer is indicated by the following signs:

1. Weeds and flowers that love high humidity, were localized in one specific place.
2. There is a large concentration of mosquitoes and midges in this place.
3. In such an area, fog occurs in the evening and in the morning. In winter, thawed patches appear.
4. Cats love to rest in this place.

All signs of the presence of a shallow aquifer are indirect and folk. A more accurate result would be a geological survey.

Experts will determine how far deep water is from the surface. This, in turn, will solve the problem of choosing a drilling method.

Independent methods of drilling wells

Drilling is the passage special tool soil and removal of destroyed rocks to the surface. The production ends at the desired aquifer. is based on screwing drilling tools into rock or breaking up soil.

When drilling a source with your own hands, you need tools and equipment. Not everything you need can be made yourself from scrap materials and found in your arsenal. You will have to purchase something in advance from the store.

Rotary method

Tools:

• drill (chisel);
• derrick;
• casing;
• rods and winch.

This method is used by most people (about 80%). Drilling occurs only after a thorough study of the composition of the soil and its hydrogeological component. The soil is destroyed using a drill (chisel). The rotor rotates it using pipes. Lifting and immersing the drill to great depths is carried out using a special drilling rig. When digging shallow wells, the drilling rig can be pulled out manually.

A tower, if needed, is placed directly above the hole. The guide recess should be dug into 2 bayonets of the shovel. Water will help facilitate the rotation of the drill when it is deeply buried. Moving every meter (or 0.5 meters), it is worth clearing the drill from the soil.

The thread bits are made of steel (about 3 mm). When sharpening the edge, remember that the drill rotates clockwise - from left to right. The diameter of the bits allows work to be done inside the casing pipes (needed to prevent collapse and blocking of aquifers).

Development starts with large diameter and gradually decreases. After using all the casing tubes, the production string, which is located in the aquifer, is lowered inside. It is determined by the condition of the earth that is pulled out of the hole. Drilling occurs to the next layer - the waterproof one.

In order to remove dirty water, you can use a hand or submersible pump. If after 3 - 4 buckets the dirt has not disappeared, the well is deepened by 1.5 - 2 meters. Then you should pump the water until it is visually clean. After this it can be used.

After 15-20 days, it is necessary to analyze the water from the well.

Drilling with a drill and pump

Required Tools:

• drill;
• pump;
• gas keys;
• casing;
• Bulgarian;
• welding machine.

The occurrence of the aquifer is not lower than 20 meters. Soil: sand, loam, clay, sandy loam and in some cases layers of limestone. The drill is made from a water pump, onto which a low-speed drill is attached using a grinder and welding.

First you need to make a hole with a simple drill. After this, you should insert a hydraulic drill into the well and continue drilling. For the first meters, you can use a stand or stool; subsequent passage of rocks occurs thanks to extended pipes. You can pump water from a well at your dacha using a hand or submersible pump.

Percussion-rope drilling

Materials:

• derrick;
• cable or rope;
• casing;
• drilling attachment (steel knives or crown);

The tower is made from ordinary logs or pipes and secured with wire. It has the shape of a tripod and is at least 2 meters high. Drilling occurs by raising/lowering a special glass. Bottom part The glass is equipped with a “crown” or other attachments that crush and capture the rock.

The glass is attached from above with a rope or cable to the tripod. At a pipe distance of about half a meter, it is necessary to make a hole through which the earth is removed. This should be done every 0.5 m.

Drilling with various devices

To make a well (mostly filtering through sand), people use various devices. An ordinary garden drill is not very convenient for creating such wells, so it is remade or a completely homemade device is made.

How to make using a food processor

Materials:

• agricultural machine auger;
• rod pipes;
• welding machine;
• steel plates;
• casing.

The combine auger can be adapted to produce hand drill. Tubes - rods will increase the height of the column, and their end is bent in the shape of a screw. Steel plates (at least 3 mm) are welded on top for drilling and pulling out the earth.

To screw the rods, you need to attach threaded couplings and a long transverse handle (this makes drilling easier) to screw in the auger on top of the pipe. Drilling up to 10-15 meters.

Drill by hand with an ice auger

Tools:

• fishing ice screw;
• rod pipes;
• casing;
• shovel and wheelbarrow.

A fishing ice ax will perfectly replace a drill. Homemade pipes– rods (up to 20-25 mm) can increase the height. It is possible to strengthen existing cutters with your own hands by welding steel plates to them. You can build a tripod from logs or pipes to pull the ice screw to the surface if necessary. Drilling up to 10 – 15 meters.

How much does it cost to drill a well at your dacha yourself?

How much does it cost? The cost of drilling from specialized organizations ranges from 800 to 1300 rubles per linear meter, excluding the cost of pipes. Therefore, the total price for the work ranges from 8,000 to 260,000 rubles. Casing pipes cost from 450 rubles/meter (plastic) and up to 1500 rubles/meter (steel).

Each well requires a different number of them, so the price for the bottom is very different (as is the location of the aquifer): from 4,500 to 300,000 rubles. Total from 12,500 to 560,000 rubles.

Calculation for each method:

1. Rotary method: drill from 1800 from 4000 rubles + tower from 300 rubles (for wire) to 4000 rubles + 6000 rubles rods + 1800/4000 rubles winch + 1000/2000 rubles small materials. Total, without the cost of pipes, it comes out to approximately 10,900 to 20,000 rubles.
2. For drilling with a drill and pump: drill and grinder 3000 rubles + welding machine 2000 rubles + wrenches 600 rubles + pump 4000 rubles + other consumables 2000/3000 rubles. Total it comes out to about 12,000 or 13,000 rubles excluding the cost of pipes.
3. Drilling by cable-percussion method: rope or cable 700/1500 rubles + tower from 300 (wire) to 4000 rubles + drill bits from 400 to 5000 rubles + 2000/3000 rubles for other consumables. Total, excluding casing pipes, the price for drilling will range from 3,400 to 13,500 rubles.
4. Drilling with a combine: welding machine 2000 rubles + pipes about 4000 rubles + drill bits from 400 to 5000 rubles + 2000/3000 rubles other expenses. Total it turns out from 8400 to 14000 rubles.
5. Drilling with a fishing ice drill: ice auger 2500/5000 rubles + pipes from 4000 rubles + shovel 250/2750 rubles + wheelbarrow 450/2500 rubles + 2000 other consumables. Total, without the cost of pipes, it turns out from 9200 to 16250 rubles.

On the one hand, drilling a well yourself makes the process much cheaper. On the other hand, this activity requires a lot of time, effort, and intelligence. The disadvantage of such a source is the limited depth, because you can do it yourself artesian well very hard.

On the positive side self-drilling wells on the site, there will be an absence of bulky equipment and its consequences, quick pumping of the source to clean water.

What summer resident does not dream of good harvest? And what harvest could there be without good watering? But here’s the problem: there is no running water, the river is far away – where can I get water? You can invite specialists with equipment. They will drill a well for you, and you will pay them a lot of money. There is another option: you can figure out how to plug a well yourself and enjoy the work done, the availability of water and the finances saved.

If you are more satisfied with the second option, let’s consider the issues that you need to know about to drill a well.

Aquifers

To better understand how aquifers are located in the thickness of the earth, let's imagine the earth cover in the form of a layer cake.

The first layer is fertile. Its thickness is approximately 1 m. Beneath it there are dense water-resistant layers, which mainly consist of clayey or subclayey rocks, very rarely stones. Waterproof layers are located at an angle to the horizon and have different thicknesses. As a result, cavities are formed in the thickness of the earth, similar in shape to lenses. They are filled with sand in which water accumulates. These are the aquifers. The area of ​​such underground lakes can reach several square kilometers. The depth of their occurrence can be different, from 5 to 30 m. There can be two or three such layers in the thickness of the earth. The higher the aquifer is located, the less stable it is. In dry weather, they can dry out and refill after rain or melting snow.

From this we can conclude: if you need to constantly have water in the well, you need to break it at least to the second aquifer.

At a great depth of 30-50 m there is a rock layer. The purest artesian water is found there. Making a well to such a depth is only possible with the use of special drilling equipment.

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Choice

If the aquifer is located relatively close to the surface of the earth (from 5 to 15 m), then the choice can be made in favor of a well. Its construction is less expensive and labor-intensive than a well.

Well disadvantage:

• depending on the area, the first aquifer may dry out;
• the water of the “subcutaneous” layer is suitable only for irrigation and domestic needs;
• water must be constantly withdrawn, otherwise the well begins to silt;
• periodically it is necessary to disinfect and clean the well

If the aquifers are below 15 m, the choice clearly remains with the well.

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Before considering drilling a well, it is necessary to understand its general structure. The well is quite deep hole in the ground from the surface to the aquifer. To prevent it from crumbling due to the settlement of the earth, it is lowered into it. Its diameter can be in the range of 50-300 mm.

Do you want your well to last longer? Then you need to use a metal pipe. Due to the fact that the water is deep, the casing pipe must be long enough, therefore, as it goes down, it is extended with new sections using threaded connection or couplings.

Drilling a well is not a complicated process, but it is labor-intensive. It is better to do this work together.

You can plug a well with your own hands using the shock-rope method. To work, you will need to make a glass with which the soil will be excavated. It is a piece of pipe, on one side of which a loop is welded to which the cable will be attached, and on the other side it is necessary to make teeth and sharpen them (this procedure can be performed with a grinder).

The principle of operation is very simple: throw the glass down; falling, the teeth crash into the ground, which remains inside the glass. Use the cable to lift the glass to the surface and remove the soil. And so we repeat the procedure, slowly increasing the depth of the well.

It becomes obvious:

• that the glass should not be light;
• if you want to make a well of a large diameter (for example, for asbestos casing pipes), then you can weld a smaller diameter pipe on spacers inside the glass. It will roughly look like manual vegetable cutter for apples. Then the earth will not fall out of it during the lifting process.

To make it easier to lift a glass from the depths, you can use the most ancient invention of mankind - a simple block. To do this, you can build a tripod over the well from pipes. Attach a block to its top, and install a gate between the two posts. These simple devices will make the work much easier. All that remains is to wind the cable around the gate, pass the free end through the block and secure it to the glass - and you can start drilling.

Installation of the casing can be carried out after drilling the well. In this case, difficulties may arise with collapses of the well walls during its driving. In this case, the glass must be selected with a diameter larger than that of the casing pipe.

It is better to install the casing pipe as the well deepens.

In this case, the diameter of the glass must be chosen so that it slides freely along the pipe. By the way, it will also serve as a guide during drilling. Conclusion: the height of the tripod should be such that new part the casing pipe fit freely underneath it.

To ensure the lowering of the casing, during the process of deepening the well, it is necessary to removable handles and emphasis. They will be installed at the top of the casing. Their purpose: firstly, it will be possible to hang the load; secondly, using them to rotate the pipe around its axis, achieve its smooth immersion into the well.

How to drill a well with your own hands? Review of three drilling methods

If you accepted deliberate decision provide your suburban area water, it is best to use wells. You can drill wells on your own, and if you intend to do this, then this article will be useful to you. But better installation Water supply systems should be entrusted to specialists, because it requires considerable experience and knowledge.

Choosing a location for a well

To begin with, we must choose the right location for the future well, as well as so that it is as efficient as possible. We need to determine whether there is a shallow aquifer on the site, for which there are certain signs.

Signs of a shallow aquifer present on the site

1. In a specific area of ​​the site, many plants that prefer high humidity have accumulated.
2. In the evening, in areas with an increased amount of vegetation, fog and dew accumulate, and in winter time thawed patches form in the snow.
3. Going to a large number of mosquitoes and other insects. It is also believed that cats prefer to rest in places located above deep waters.

If at least one of these signs is noticed, then you can safely start drilling a well. These are all, of course, signs that are largely folk, more effective way identifying deep waters is geological research.

Folk" method of detecting deep waters

Tools that will be required during the drilling process

Let’s immediately make a reservation that not all tools can be made with your own hands; some of them will have to be purchased. If we manage to make, for example, a drill, its quality will be questionable, because standard factory drills are made of high-strength hardened steel.

For work we will need:

• Derrick;
• Drill column to which couplings are attached for connection;
• Drill head;
• Boards;
• Rope;
• Filter.

A drilling derrick is a kind of tripod that you can assemble with your own hands from thick logs Ø15 centimeters. Between two of them we attach a winch, to which we suspend the drill column using a rope. The column is a structure of rods connected to each other by couplings and threads. There should be 6 rods in total, their length should be from 1.5 to 3 meters.

The boards will be useful to us so that the walls of the pit do not crumble (we will talk later what this is). Drill heads are various types and are used depending on the type of soil. Much depends on this type, including the method of drilling the well.

Types of drill heads

Drill heads come in the following types:

1. a chisel used to split hard rocks;
2. bailer - it removes the soil remaining after the bit has worked (you can also drill loose soil using a bailer);
3. a spoon used for sand and clay;
4. a coil will be needed if there is gravel in the soil;
5. spoon with a coil.

We have selected the tools and proceed directly to drilling.

Well drilling technology using the cable method

The percussion-rope drilling method consists of the following stages.

Stage 1. Preliminary “instruction”. Before starting work, we must understand that the optimal well depth is 7-10 meters. You can drill no more than 20 meters on your own; if the groundwater is at a greater depth, then specialists must do the drilling.

Important! It is impossible to drill a well on your own in any case, since this will require at least two assistants.

Stage 2. We align the pit (rectangular “box”) in the place where the well will be located. The dimensions of the pit should be 2x1.5x1.5 m, and it is needed so that the unstable upper layers of soil do not crumble. We take boards and line the walls of the pit.

Stage 3. We mount the tripod at the drilling site. We securely fasten it, then place the drill column in the hole and turn the rod. The drilling process has begun. Every 60-70 centimeters we clean the column from adhering earth.

Stage 4. When we reach the aquifer, the drill column should be pulled out and the filter lowered in its place. We will definitely use a filter, otherwise the water pump will quickly become unusable. The voids formed between the walls of the well and the filter are filled with sand. Then we install pipes through which the water will rise and dismantle the walls of the pit. We fill in the well.

Stage 5. We install a water pump, which will be the “core” of the entire well. Outwardly, it will not look very attractive, so it is advisable to decorate it with some decorative element, for example, a canopy.

In this way we can drill a well up to 20 meters. Water located at such a depth has repeatedly undergone natural filtration, it will be clean and soft.

Well pipes and filter

A filter for a well is the same important detail like a pump. Distinguish following types filters:

• Gravel;
• Wire;
• Reticulate.

During operation, it is advisable to fill the filter with gravel, which will prevent dirt from entering the pipeline. When choosing a filter, we must pay attention to the following parameters:

Options for arranging pipes for water lifting

1. If the water is planned to be consumed as food, then plastic water should be used, which does not corrode. If finances allow, you can buy more expensive enameled steel pipes.
2. If the well is intended for economic purposes, then we can use socketed, thin-walled or threaded pipes.

Drilling a well using a pump

This method is perfect if the depth groundwater does not exceed 10 meters. It is no less effective than the previous one.

Stage 1. We dig a hole 1.5 meters deep in order to remove loose and unstable upper layers of soil. The area of ​​such a pit should be approximately 1 square meter. We line its walls with boards to make it convenient to work.

Stage 2. Let's take it steel pipe and cut one end of it with teeth, like on a hacksaw. We bend the teeth into different sides. At the other end we make a thread for connecting to the pipes. Next, using clamps, we equip the pipe with handles so that it can be held vertically. We also make threads on the remaining pipes, but on both sides. Each pipe should be approximately 3 meters long.

Stage 3. We take a pre-prepared container of at least two hundred liters filled with water, a medium-power water pump, and a hose that will reach the bottom of the pit. All pipes must have a diameter of 12 cm, more is possible.

Important! This procedure cannot be completed by yourself either; you must have at least one assistant.

Stage 4. We insert the pipe into the hole to the maximum possible depth. Turn on the pump. The water pressure will erode the soil under the pipe, and it will gradually sink. It is advisable to constantly rotate the pipe.

Stage 5. The water will come out of the pipe, but can be reused by straining it through a sieve. When the pipe is completely deepened, we attach the next one to it and continue working until the aquifer is reached. Then we remove the boards and dig a hole, and attach a lid to the end of the pipe, which will prevent debris from entering the system.

This is the simplest way to drill a well, but there are others.

Shallow well for economic purposes

If water is needed, for example, to water a garden, then a well for this can be made using a regular hand drill. The only condition is that the upper groundwater level must be a maximum of three meters from the surface. If the length of the hand drill is not enough, then we increase it with reinforcing bars or small metal pipes. How to install f , You can read in our article.

We go through the hardest layers of the earth with an additional load that clings to the handle of the drill. This way the load on your hands will be less.

Important! Water extracted from such wells is not suitable for drinking, since it has not undergone natural filtration!

If branches or roots come across while drilling, we cut them out with an ax pre-attached to a long iron rod. After about two meters, wet sand will begin to appear, so every 10 centimeters the drill will have to be pulled out for cleaning, otherwise we may break the device.

When the sand acquires a bluish tint, it will mean that we are almost there. When the first water appears, you can no longer use the drill, because it will no longer give anything - the liquid soil will not stick to the blades. All we have to do is insert the casing pipe - the shallow well is ready!

To lift the water we will use a conventional electric pump.

As a conclusion

Production drills are amazing in their scale, which is why the very idea of ​​drilling a well with our own hands seems stupid and unfeasible to us. But those of you who have read the article already know that this is, to put it mildly, an exaggeration. All we need is a drilling tool, Additional materials, a bit of skill and, of course, patience.

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Do-it-yourself water on site

The driven well is quite common today. As wells become fewer and fewer, and water becomes vital required product, then for private houses it is better to have their own well or two. One well is usually installed inside the house, and the other outside, perhaps on the street near the bathhouse. Wells will provide permanent water inside the house and for everything personal plot, as well as backup water supply. For such work, you will need knowledge of how to drive a well pipe correctly.

Before driving a pipe for a well, it is advisable to find out from nearby neighbors the depth of the water surface, take a closer look and become familiar with nearby wells.

A driving well is quite convenient, if only because its construction can be done in almost one day, of course, if all the necessary components are available. The cost of construction work is not very high, and the process itself is quite simple, so if the aquifer is good enough, then this is the most the best option water supply of a residential building. Before the main work, you can begin preparatory work with winter period. Before driving a pipe for a well, it is advisable to find out from nearby neighbors the depth of the water surface, take a closer look and become familiar with nearby wells.

What is needed for a well

• First you need to purchase pipes that are about 15 m long. The most important part of a tube well is considered to be the intake filter, which is made of the same material. as well as the components of the entire structure;

The length of the intake is determined by the aquifer. If the vein for receiving water is good, then the intake can be 0.5 m long, and its longest length can be 1.5 m.

• The intake cone is made by a turner. It is either welded to the intake or placed on a thread. Numerous holes must be drilled along the entire length of the pipe, the diameter of which should be about 80-100 mm;
• holes are drilled in a staggered pattern. Then such a pipe is wrapped in mesh and soldered along the edge with tin solder. The intake mesh is a completely different matter. A good mesh can hold a small puddle of water and at the same time prevent it from flowing freely and easily. Mesh made of non-ferrous metals is not suitable, since it is most likely to be subject to corrosion;
• today more and more often construction work They use stainless steel screws with large heads, which are even very suitable for attaching the mesh to the screws. For fastening, you need to drill holes of a couple of millimeters along the entire length of the intake pipe.

Extension pipes are cut into pieces 0.5 and 1.5 m long, depending on the type of soil.

When the mesh is wrapped, it needs to be pressed with stainless steel tape using self-tapping screws along the entire length of the pipe, using a screwdriver for this, and then cut off. Wrapping the mesh with wire will not bring any benefit, because if the intake gets caught in the ground on something strong and resistant, the wire will not help and the mesh will break anyway.

• extension pipes are cut into pieces 0.5 and 1.5 m long, depending on the type of soil. If the soil is not very hard, but plastic and the pipes go into the ground easily, you can make them a little longer. The couplings for the connection are made only of steel; in order for them to hold tightly and not burst during operation, they are made into half a coupling. Couplings are most often installed on flax with paint.

We begin drilling a well

• Drilling the earth is carried out with an ordinary fishing drill, in which the handle is only altered in such a way that it is possible to attach extension legs to it and replace the brace with a T-shaped handle.

Drilling a well will require two people, since it will be necessary to remove the drill from the ground, and this work is quite difficult for one person.

Drilling the earth is carried out with an ordinary fishing drill.

If quicksand is discovered as a result of drilling, the work is stopped. A pre-prepared pipe with an intake is lowered into the well and a mallet is taken.

The beater has the appearance of an ordinary block of wood, which has metal staples hammered into it on both sides. vertical position. Pipe clogging can be done by one person, or by two. If the pipe is too high, then hammer it in using a stepladder.

The intake into the aquifer must be hammered with uniform blows on the pipe. Water is tested by pouring liquid into the well. If it does not linger, but immediately leaves, water can be obtained at the drilling site.

Pump connection and water analysis

A hand pump for pumping out water is connected to the intake using a rubber hose with clamps.

• Next, using a rubber hose with clamps, a hand pump is connected and the water is pumped out. By using hand pump lifting water from a well is quite easy and simple. If the water appears clean and tasty, without the formation of film and sediment, it means. it is of good quality.

To determine the quality and quality factor of water, it can be analyzed in a special laboratory. If you don’t like the quality, you can continue driving the pipe to a greater depth, checking from time to time whether there is an aquifer. It is possible to drive a well no deeper than 15 meters until it stops.

If the water surface is at a level below 9 m, then it cannot be pumped out. Of course, you can lower the pump a few meters by first digging a pit, or simply make a well and install a water pumping station.

If water is not found or it is of poor quality, then the pipes are removed. If difficulties arise in lifting them, use a jack.

Preparing a well for operation

If the well is used only in summer period, it is advisable to remove the valve for the winter - then the water column will drop to the usual level and no freezing will occur.

If as a result you find good water, you can begin to prepare the well for operation. The height of the pipe is leveled above ground level for easy connection. Sometimes they change the last elbow to another of the required length or simply saw off the excess part and cut a thread on it. The thread is necessary to be able to install the valve and further connect the hose.

The valve is pretty complex device, so it can often break down or fail. To prevent this from happening, the valve is installed at the top in front of the pump. With its help, the pole is supported, and if something happens, it can be easily replaced. If the well is used only in the summer, it is advisable to remove the valve for the winter - then the water column will drop to the normal level and no freezing will occur. In the spring, the valve is put back in its original place and the water is raised.

If the well is used in winter, the valve can also be removed and put on during use, only then you need to make sure that water is not left in the pump. Next, you need to connect the water pumping station or electric pump through a pipe or hose. A hose is used for this high pressure, since there is a vacuum in this place and it can be flattened. Sometimes the installation of a driven well is done on the street, a pipe is connected to it, and this, in turn, is brought into the basement of the house where the water pumping station is installed.

Water pumping stations operate with a steady column and when the entire system is filled with water. Therefore, first, to raise the water, they use a manual vacuum pump. It is connected separately through a special valve, which is located in front of water pumping station. When the water rises to required level and the receiver is filled, the system will start working automatically. There will always be a column of liquid in the pipe.

Well and pipe cleaning

You can also clean the well using special device, which is called a bailer.

Often during long-term operation of a driving well, the water flow slows down significantly. This happens as a result of clogging and clogging of the collection grid. Then it is necessary to pull the pipes out of the well and clean them or replace them with new ones; you can simply change the collection grid or the collection as a whole.

There are times when the water in the well disappears completely. This happens sometimes for natural reasons, and sometimes for man-made ones. Then it is necessary to carry out deeper drilling and install a well with a casing pipe.

New technologies for driving wells

Today, quite interesting driving wells have appeared, such as disposable ones. For their arrangement, a metal-plastic pipe is used. To drive it into the ground, a composite rod is required, which is reusable.

The intake is similar to that of conventional driving wells, only a conical-shaped depression is made inside it, which is intended to support the driving rod. It is connected to the intake through a coupling from metal-plastic pipe elbow and lowered into the drilled well.

Inside the pipe there is a driving rod, which strongly rests against the recesses of the conical intake. An anvil is screwed onto a steel rod and the intake is hammered through this rod. Having reached the aquifer, the rod is removed from the pipe and the pipe is connected to the pump.