Location of the septic tank on the private housing plot. Where to place the septic tank on the site. Methods and terms for processing personal information

Today, for comfortable life it is enough that an electrical network is connected to the site required power. You can even do without gas. To create all the good things for yourself modern society it is necessary to organize a water supply and sewerage system.

Modern technologies make it possible to do this even in an open field. Water is taken from a well, and wastewater is discharged into a septic tank, of which there are many types. The only problem is that sewage from the septic tank does not get into the water for household needs. That is why you need to correctly place them on the site relative to each other. We found out how to do this from the specialists of the Beton-5 company, who have been installing septic tanks in Novosibirsk of various configurations for more than 20 years.

SanPin 2.1.4.1110-02

How to properly place septic tanks and wells on the site is regulated sanitary standards and rules. Placement depends on several factors:

• Depth of the water supply source - it can be underground or surface;
• How protected is the well from contaminants coming from upper layers soil;
• Driving directions groundwater.

Depending on these parameters, three sanitary protection zones (SPZ) are distinguished. The degree of well protection depends on the type of soil. For example, the clay layer acts as a barrier, creating a so-called clay castle. To know for sure the degree of natural protection, it is necessary to conduct a hydrogeological study. It will also show in which direction the groundwater is moving.

The minimum distance between the septic tank and the well is 30 m - this is in the case when the water supply source is protected. If there is no protection, then the distance increases to 100 m. In the case when the well is drilled only to surface waters, the distance largely depends on the direction of underground flows. Upstream - no closer than 200 m, downstream - no closer than 100 m.

Documentation approval

You cannot drill a well and install a septic tank at random, since the result in this case is completely unpredictable. The water itself may be undrinkable due to high salt or iron content. This can still be solved by installing a filter, but if sewage from your sewer gets into the source, then nothing can be done about it.

Before starting work, you must have a sanitary and epidemiological certificate in your hands, which is issued by the state control center. To receive a conclusion, you must provide a draft SSO, which consists of a text part, cartographic diagrams, a list of measures to improve the protection of the well from pollution and the timing of their implementation.

Based on the above project, the state sanitary and epidemiological center issues an act on the location of the septic tank on the site and the well relative to each other. Having this document in hand, you can be sure that you will not encounter unpleasant consequences.

As we have already said, the distance from the septic tank to the well is favorable conditions should be 30 m. SNIP allows reducing this distance, but only under the condition of a very high degree of protection of the water intake source. You can obtain such data only after hydrogeological studies.

The problem is that the above standards cannot always be met. Many people have a plot of less than 30-50 m. What to do in this case:

• The first option is to use a storage septic tank. This is a large sealed tank that needs to be cleaned frequently. This approach is not always acceptable;
• The second option is to use expensive septic tanks with several chambers and degrees of chemical and biological treatment. After repeated cleaning wastewater can even be used for watering the garden. Such septic tanks are cleaned infrequently, depending on the intensity of use.

Also consider the distance from your well to your neighbor’s septic tank - this is very important. More specific information can be obtained from a Beton-5 specialist locally. Don't hesitate to have one great experience, he will give you good advice.

Modern a private house impossible without engineering communications providing the owners with the proper level of comfort. Central networks are a rare blessing in villages and small towns, you have to rely on your own strength. A well, as a rule, is drilled even before the construction of a house begins, because construction works require a considerable amount of water. Here's the arrangement local sewerage often postponed until last moment. This approach is quite justified, however, to study the issue and accept the determining factors technical solutions We recommend installing local wastewater treatment in advance, even at the stage of planning the location of buildings and structures. At a minimum, you should understand how to place a septic tank on a plot of land.

Often the term “septic tank” is even professional builders used not entirely correctly, naming all types of local treatment facilities in this way without exception. Despite the fact that the design, dimensions and principle of operation are different. To understand how to properly locate a septic tank on a site, let’s figure out what types of treatment facilities are used in a private backyard and how they differ:

Storage tank for waste removal

This is a sealed underground storage facility of significant volume, into which household waste drains from the house. As the container fills (once or twice a month with constant use), the wastewater is removed using a sewage disposal machine. The machine is designed for 5-8 m3. The storage tank has nothing to do with a real septic tank, because there is no wastewater treatment, only their periodic removal. Sealed containers are preferred by sanitary and epidemiological service workers at the project approval stage, if necessary. For them, this is the simplest option; there is no need to “bother” with assessing the possibility of local cleaning. But such a solution is unprofitable for the owners of the house. Although the container takes up minimal space on the site and is inexpensive, waste removal is not cheap and places a constant burden on family budget. In addition, you will have to spend time checking the fluid level, calling and waiting for the car.

Septic tank is an incomplete cycle treatment facility

A septic tank is a device designed not so much for storing waste as for treating wastewater. The wastewater, after entering the septic tank, undergoes gravitational settling, freeing itself from large insoluble fractions. Further, in the separated waters, as a result of the activity of anaerobic (not requiring an influx of oxygen) microorganisms, the process of putrefactive fermentation occurs, during which biological contaminants are decomposed into harmless mineral components . A standard septic tank is not capable of providing complete purification of wastewater from biological contaminants. But what is there is enough so that the water can be discharged directly into the ground for soil purification.

Since the metabolism of anaerobic bacteria is slow, the cleaning process to the required level (about 65%) takes a lot of time, at least three days. Accordingly, the capacity of the septic tank should be at least three daily drainage volumes, preferably more. It is quite possible to officially approve the construction of a septic tank (if this is required at all), but the sanitary and epidemiological service may require you to submit a design of the structure with a calculation of its characteristics. The main advantage of a local treatment plant is that there is no need for constant waste removal, which means low cost operation.

A three-chamber septic tank is optimal: it provides a high degree of wastewater treatment and requires almost no maintenance

Single-chamber septic tank is not the best option

Theoretically, the standards allow the construction of single-chamber septic tanks with a wastewater volume of up to 1 m3 per day. One tank, not separated by partitions, simultaneously serves as a sump, an anaerobic reactor and a absorption well that discharges wastewater into the ground. Some developers prefer single-chamber septic tanks because of their low cost and compactness. However, in practice such a solution is extremely ineffective.

In our opinion, for a home with permanent residence- this is wasted money. Firstly, settled wastewater is constantly mixed with “fresh” wastewater, which does not allow achieving the desired degree of purification. Secondly, the sediment quickly silts up the bottom of the well, through which the liquid is mainly drained into the ground. As a result, the wastewater hardly flows away and has to be removed using sewerage machines. Over a year or two of active use, a single-chamber septic tank will approach the properties of a storage tank, losing the benefits of a treatment facility.

Multi-chamber septic tank - an effective solution

Most effective in long term The solution is the construction of a multi-chamber septic tank. For a private courtyard, it is rational to divide it into three separate containers (chambers). The first will remove large particles and initial stage fermentation. In the second chamber (methane tank) the main biological purification processes take place; the content of anaerobic bacteria is highest there. The third is for the final clarification of wastewater and its removal into the ground for further treatment. A multi-chamber treatment plant can be built from standard concrete rings, in this case, underground it will take up quite a lot of space.

A septic tank made of concrete rings takes up quite a lot of space on the site

However, the location of the septic tank on the site will be revealed only by hatches located at ground level. Another option is to purchase a special polymer container. A ready-to-install factory septic tank is more compact than a set of concrete wells erected on a construction site, but it is limited in volume and will most likely cost a little more. It is necessary to maintain a multi-chamber septic tank, but it is much easier and cheaper to do than in the case of a storage tank. Once or twice a year, or even less often, the insoluble sediment accumulated in it will have to be removed from the first chamber using a sewage disposal machine.

Aeration biofilter (aeration tank) - local treatment station

A biofilter is in many ways similar to a multi-chamber septic tank. The same three (less often four) chambers, the first of which serves to separate large particles, and the last to clarify the liquid and drain it into the ground. The main difference is biological treatment in the second chamber (reactor) occurs with constant mixing and saturation of the wastewater with air using a compressor. The enrichment of water with oxygen leads to rapid proliferation of aerobic bacteria.

The metabolism of microorganisms that use oxygen for oxidative reactions is much more intense than that of anaerobes. Accordingly, the time required to treat wastewater sufficiently to discharge it into the ground is reduced. The required volume of the aeration tank is also significantly reduced. As a rule, aeration biofilters are made in very compact polymer containers, but they can also be equipped in standard concrete wells.

Unlike a septic tank, in an aeration biofilter the water is saturated with oxygen, which creates a favorable environment for aerobic microorganisms

Upgrade possible anaerobic septic tank to the level of an aerobic biofilter when installing the appropriate equipment into it. In “advanced” aeration biofilters, the degree of purification is set by the station’s operating mode and can reach 95%, which makes it possible to discharge purified and practically odorless wastewater onto the ground surface into a ditch or technical reservoir. You can even water your garden with this water. increased content some minerals will be beneficial for plants. But more often the wastewater is not purified to a high degree, and is sent to the ground for further treatment.

Maintenance of the aeration biofilter consists of maintaining the automation unit, aerator and overflow pumps, if provided, in working condition. It will also be necessary to remove several kilograms of accumulated sludge from the separator every six months, which can be used as fertilizer. There is no need to call a sewage disposal truck. Disadvantages of an aeration biofilter: relatively high price; constant (albeit small) electricity consumption; Long interruptions in the operation of the station disrupt its normal functioning.

Additional treatment of wastewater in the ground

The location of the septic tank determines not only the type and design of the treatment device, but also the soil treatment technologies used.

Absorption (filter) well

An absorption well is the simplest and most space-consuming soil treatment device. The wastewater is discharged into the ground through the bottom and walls of the well, which is last section septic tank or aeration biofilter outlet device. The absorption part of the well (bottom and perforated walls) must be located above the level groundwater(GWL) and below the depth of soil freezing. If the water level on the site is too high, the construction of a absorption well is impossible. We recommend removing the source as much as possible drinking water(well, well) from the absorber. And not only your own, but also your neighbor’s.

Installation of a filtration well made of perforated reinforced concrete rings. Absorption of wastewater by soil will be carried out both through the bottom and through the walls

Filter trench

The filter trench is a perforated horizontal pipe, sprinkled with gravel. The clarified waste seeps through the holes into the backfill; bacteria live on the surface of the pebbles and process biological contaminants. The advantages of this solution: low cost, minimum earthworks, the possibility of a filtration device at high groundwater level. Disadvantage: neither trees nor shrubs can be planted near the filter trench. When a trench used in winter is buried above the freezing level of the soil, it must be isolated from the surface with a layer of hydrophobic insulation. Expanded polystyrene and expanded clay are suitable.

The length of the trench is calculated based on the volume of wastewater and the presence of ventilation

An analogue of a filter trench with an increased volume of backfill and protected from atmospheric influences. If the infiltrator is equipped with a ventilation outlet to the surface and thereby ensures air flow into the trench, the process of processing organic matter can be intensified. The device can be located both below and above ground level, partially or fully. This solution is used at very high groundwater levels in combination with an aeration tank with forced pumping of wastewater, when other systems are not suitable. The pipe and backfill are closed on top with a polymer “lid”, insulated if necessary and covered with soil. An earthen mound overgrown with grass remains on the surface.

The infiltrator can be multi-sectional

In essence, the filtration field is a system of branched filter trenches. Thanks to the long length of the pipes, the best wastewater treatment is achieved. You cannot plant a garden above pipes. By the way, the magnificent lawns in front of private houses in America are laid out just above the filtration fields, because 95% of houses in North American towns are equipped with local sewer systems. Filtration fields are inexpensive in warm climates climatic conditions, but installing them in areas with a large depth of soil freezing is not so profitable; the volume of excavation work is too large.

The filtering field is a good thing, but it takes up a lot of space

How to choose the right place for a septic tank

Now we know that, firstly, septic tanks (in in a broad sense words) can have completely different dimensions. Secondly, some of them require periodic or constant maintenance. Thirdly, in addition to the septic tank itself, space is also required for the absorption device.

How to place a septic tank on the site, where to start? First, you need to decide on the type of local treatment plant and know its dimensions. For example, a storage tank will occupy a plot of 1.5-2 meters in diameter. Aerotank excluding infiltrator - approximately 1x3 m. And for three-chamber septic tank from one and a half meter concrete rings, an area of ​​2x6 m in size will have to be allocated. The soil post-treatment absorption device can be spaced with a septic tank or biofilter, if necessary, removing it tens of meters from the main reservoir.

Knowing the size of the structure, you can begin to find a place for it. It is more convenient to do this with a ruler and a scale plan of the site with buildings on hand. So, how to properly position the septic tank, what factors should be taken into account:

Periodic Maintenance

A storage tank from the first days of operation, and a single-chamber septic tank a year or two after the start of operation will need frequent removal of wastewater with a sewage disposal machine. It is necessary to provide the most convenient access for truck and opportunity easy cleaning anything that may “splatter” during the removal of feces. We recommend placing such structures in the area of ​​the entrance gate to the site, and not on the grass, but on a paved area from which it is easy to wash off dirt with a stream of water.

To remove sewage from a storage tank or insoluble sediment from a septic tank, convenient access for special vehicles is required.

There is no need to constantly remove waste from a multi-chamber septic tank, but sooner or later the sewer trucks will still have to be called. Access for a car, taking into account the length of the standard suction hose of a car of 4.5 m, should still be provided.

The length of the “trunk” of most sewage disposal machines is 4.5 meters

There are also machines with a longer “trunk”, up to 20 m, but their services are noticeably more expensive. There is no need for private extraction of sludge; the treatment plant can be located under a green lawn. Only the first chamber will need to be serviced; if there is not enough space, subsequent compartments can be located further away.

An entrance for the aeration biofilter is not needed.

Standard distances

The rules for the location of the septic tank should be observed in terms of sanitary distances to other structures. SP 32.13330.2012 contains the following restrictions:

• The distance of the septic tank from the house (residential) is at least 4 m, to the windows of the building - no closer than 5 m. But this rule applies only to aeration tanks and primary non-absorbing (non-filtering) chambers of multi-chamber septic tanks.
• The filter well of a multi-chamber septic tank and other elements of ground wastewater treatment should not be located closer than 8 m from housing.
• Single-chamber septic tank distance from a residential building - no closer than 8 m.
• The storage tank, provided it is sealed, should be no closer than 5 m from the house.
• Distance from outbuildings is not standardized.
• No closer than 5 m from gas pipes.
• The distance from any elements of the treatment facility to the well or borehole is at least 20 m. If the water supply source is located below the septic tank in relief, we recommend spreading it to the maximum possible distance.
• The distance from the septic tank to the fence is at least 1 m, but no closer than 3 m from the main road. However, it should be taken into account that the distance from the septic tank to the neighbors cannot be closer than 5 m to the residential building. That is, if the neighbors built their house at the minimum permitted distance of 3 m from the border of the plot, the treatment facility will have to be located at least 2 m from neighbor's fence, if it is located opposite.

Minimum circuit permissible distances from wastewater treatment plants to on-site buildings

When applying for a developer’s passport, you have the right to be prescribed other, more stringent restrictions than in the joint venture.

We have listed the main recommendations on how to locate a septic tank on a site; the specific linking of structures is carried out taking into account the location of buildings and the availability required space. In the city limits and in cottage villages Compliance with standards is usually monitored by requiring wastewater treatment facilities to be reflected in the construction plan and by checking during the design of buildings. In villages and summer cottages often local authorities do not care. In any case, when planning the construction of a treatment plant, we recommend consulting with specialists.

Comfort country life is largely determined by the clear planning of all structures on the site, including autonomous sewerage. Getting it right is very important. To find the optimal location, it is necessary to take into account many factors and be based on existing regulations. If construction has not yet begun, it is useful to draw up a plan in advance where the exact location for the septic tank will be determined. This is much more practical than trying to bring everything into compliance with the standards in an already built-up area.

Human life safety and security environment – current issues modernity, which are regulated legislative acts and regulatory documents. Septic tanks are potentially dangerous objects from an environmental point of view. N The forms and rules that must be followed during design are set out in the following documents:

• SNiP 2.04.03-85; SNiP 2.04.01-85; SNiP 2.04.04-84 (construction of external sewer networks and structures; construction of internal and external water supply networks).
• SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200-03; SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00 ( sanitary protection zones near potentially environmentally hazardous objects; cleanliness of surface waters).

Before you plan your sewer system, you need to have an idea of ​​what you can and cannot do.

Distance from your home

When installing a septic tank, many try to move it away from the house. On uneven terrain, preference is given to the lowest area, because the sewage system smells unpleasant, and when filtered into the ground, water contributes to high humidity.

Location of the septic tank on the SNiP site allowed at a distance of no closer than 5 m from the foundation of the house. This will ensure the safety of living in the house (the foundation will not be washed away) and, if there is a modern treatment system, will get rid of .

However, the length sewer system has a significant impact on the reliability and continuity of its operation. The longer the pipes, the higher the possibility of blockages, in such cases it will be necessary to make additional inspection wells every 5 m and at turning points. The recommended angle of inclination of the pipes is about 2 cm per 1 m of pipeline; turns of the pipeline at an angle of 90° are undesirable. Optimal length pipeline - from 5 to 8 m.

If they are close to the surface, then the direction of their flow should be taken into account, and the septic tank should be installed downstream and below the level of the house.

The standards also state that the distance from the septic tank to outbuildings on the site must be at least 1 m.

If we talk about a cesspool, then in this case the distance to the house increases to 12-15 m (can be reduced to 8-10 m in agreement with Rospotrebnadzor and the Vodokanal Administration). Strict requirements are imposed on the construction of a cesspool: depth up to 3 m, the presence of a lid with a grate, preventing the level from rising above 35 cm from the top, etc. The use of dry bleach to disinfect pits is prohibited. If it is used as a cesspool, then you will have much fewer questions, since the structure is completely sealed and you will not harm the environment.

Distance from fence

The septic tank should not create inconvenience to others. Due to this distance from the septic tank to the fence neighbors - at least 2 m.

If your fence faces a road with active traffic, then the distance to the road should be 5 m or more, because Vibrations from vehicle traffic can break the seal of the septic tank, which can lead to contamination of groundwater and soil. This is more susceptible to structures that are built from several parts, for example or. At the same time, it will be more reliable, or, which, as a rule, are solid.

Distance from neighbors' house

When designing a septic tank on a site, it is necessary to take into account not only the location of your buildings, but also carefully familiarize yourself with your neighbors’ site. It is better to take everything into account and plan in advance than to have it later bad relationship with neighbors. The answer to the question " How far is the septic tank from the house? neighbors can be located? embedded in general rules: at least 5 meters from housing and at least 2 meters from the neighbor’s fence.

It is also necessary to take into account the location of trees, wells, and buildings on the neighbor’s property.

Similar rules should apply to neighbors. Their structures must not violate your rights. Sometimes it is so difficult to find a place for a septic tank or cesspool on each site that it is wiser to unite and plan a common structure that will comply with all norms and regulations.

Distance to well (well)

The rules that govern distance from well to septic tank, sometimes it is difficult to comply due to small area plot. It is recommended to locate the septic tank lower than the well or borehole so that wastewater does not enter the water intake system.

The further the septic tank is located from the well or well, the better. Regulated distance from septic tank to well or wells - from 30 to 50 m. This value depends on the groundwater level and the direction of its flow. If the site is not high, and the bottom of the filter well is at least 1 m higher than the groundwater level, then the distance can be reduced.

If there is a stream or reservoir near the site, then the distance from the septic tank to such an object is at least 10 m, and if it is a reservoir - 30 m.

The distance to water pipes is also clearly standardized:

• Reinforced concrete and asbestos cement pipes– 5 m.
• Cast iron pipes– 4 m.
• Polymer pipes– 1.5 m.

Distance to trees, garden

The septic tank creates high humidity around itself. In such conditions, the roots of the tree begin to rot, the tree becomes sick and ultimately dies.

Distance from septic tank to big trees should be at least 4 m, to bushes - at least 1 m.

Other rules when planning a septic tank

In addition to all of the above, it is necessary to ensure that the septic tank is accessible for cleaning, i.e. Convenient access path for a sewage truck.

Planning and design of a septic tank on the site

A septic tank has the potential to harm human health and the environment, so the construction of such a structure is controlled by the relevant authorities.

To determine the future location of the septic tank, draw up a detailed plan diagram of the site with a scale of 1:100. Draw a house on the diagram outbuildings, well, trees, bushes, paths, fences, indicating the exact distance between all objects. Lay out a water supply diagram, indicate the direction of groundwater flow. Using a compass, you need to draw circles from the intended location of the septic tank:

• With a radius of 5 cm (if it is a cesspool, then 12 cm), this circle should not cross the boundaries of the house.
• With a radius of 30 cm, a well or borehole should not get here.
• With a radius of 2 cm, it should not cross fences.
• The same procedure must be done for all objects: water pipes, reservoirs, gardens, etc.

If everything is ok, you have found good place for a septic tank.

Having planned a septic tank on the site, it is necessary, having drawn up a project, to contact the SES for its approval and obtaining a building permit.

The septic tank must be installed in full accordance with the declared project; regulatory authorities always have the right to inspect it.

If, and on a construction site, then the approval of the local BTI will be required. If it is not there, then the structure acquires the status of illegal, and measures may be taken against the owner various measures: fines, and repeated ones, and a lawsuit may even be filed demanding the dismantling of the illegal structure.

To avoid such consequences, choose the location of the septic tank on the site responsibly, take into account all the rules and regulations, coordinate your plans with your neighbors and the relevant authorities. In this case, your septic tank will be legal and safe for you and the environment.

It is considered the most practical option sewerage installations. But it must be taken into account that this structure poses a considerable danger to the environment. Therefore, it is imperative to comply with existing sanitary requirements to the location of the well and septic tank on the site. They should be as far away from each other as possible. It is important to prevent contaminated runoff from entering soil aquifers and water pipes. Otherwise, the water from the well will become undrinkable.

Main types of environmental hazards

Plastic pipes and septic tank structures are themselves sealed and have high degree water permeability. But during their operation, situations are possible when wastewater can get into drinking water. For example, depressurization of connections or rupture of pipes may occur. The possibility of seasonal floods or poor installation of equipment cannot be ruled out.

As a result, there may be the following types environmental threat:

• Penetration of wastewater into the ground;
• Release of contaminated waste into groundwater;
• Contamination of wells and wells;
• Site contamination;
• Flooding of buildings.

To avoid such situations, the mandatory presence of a sanitary zone should be taken into account at the design stage. For these purposes, it will be necessary to draw up a site plan. When self-installation septic tanks Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to sealing joints and the depth of installation of containers.

Sanitary standards

In accordance with the rules established by SNiP, there must be more than 20 m between the septic tank and the water intake facility. This requirement applies when the well is located higher in the direction of groundwater. In this case, the soil between the aquifer and the ground surface should not be filtering. The presence of rocks, conglomerates, and clay layers is allowed.

If the area under consideration contains highly permeable soil that quickly allows contaminated water to pass through, then this distance increases to 50 m. It includes loam, sandy loam, and loose sand. If the septic tank is located higher, then the minimum distance between it and the well increases to 25 m.

Before installing a treatment plant, you need to submit its design to the local sanitary and epidemiological service and obtain permission for installation there. This procedure is mandatory. Without it, the construction of this facility will be considered illegal. At best, this could result in a fine for the hosts. In the worst case scenario, they may require the dismantling of the illegally installed septic tank. This entails significant financial losses.

Often developers do not have enough space on the site to fulfill all the requirements. This is really difficult on standard six hundred square meters. The question of how to locate a well and a septic tank on a site simply has no solution in this case. But lack of space is not a valid reason for breaking the rules. Therefore, if it is not possible to install a septic tank in accordance with the standards, you will have to consider other options for arranging the sewerage system.

Distance of the septic tank from other objects

Sanitary standards regulate the distance not only between the septic tank and the well. The distance from other objects is also strictly established. This object must be kept away from the roadway be at least 5 meters away. If it is located closer, then constant vibrations from passing traffic may disrupt its seal. The same distance should be between the treatment plant and the home, as well as various pipelines. It is impossible to place this object too close to the house, not only because of possible unpleasant odors. This threatens the destruction of the foundation, which can occur due to increased soil moisture.

The distance between the septic tank and the neighboring fence is also a regulated value. It is 2 m. The placement of the treatment plant itself must be agreed upon with the neighbors.

Distance of wells from various objects

Talking about relative position septic tank and wells imply that the water intake facility itself is located correctly. It must be at least 3 m from the house. It is prohibited to install wells at the lowest points of the site. Otherwise, during floods or periods of heavy rain, access to it will be difficult. If there is already a well on the site, the distance between it and the well should be at least 5-6 m.

Almost all owners of individual construction sites have to independently decide on the issue of wastewater disposal. Most effective method solution to this issue is the creation of local treatment facilities (WTP) on the site, which are a good alternative cesspools. The most economical and environmentally friendly VOCs are septic tanks.

It’s worth saying right away that VOCs pose a potential hazard to the environment, therefore all issues of installation/installation of these structures are regulated by special regulations and rules, the implementation of which is strictly mandatory. Moreover, before installing a septic tank, you need to submit a project for its construction to the local sanitary and epidemiological service and obtain permission for installation.

It must be emphasized that obtaining permission is mandatory. Just like for the construction of a house for permanent residence. Without it, your septic tank may be outlawed by the same SES. This could result in unpleasant consequences for the hosts in the form of a fine (at best). At worst, you may be required to dismantle incorrectly installed septic tank, which will result in huge financial costs and everyday inconveniences for the family.

To avoid these problems in the future, you need to know the basic rules for installing septic tanks. In this article we will talk about at what distance the VOC should be located from different objects(distance from the house to the septic tank, from the neighbor’s property, from the road, from trees, bushes, from drinking wells and wells).
What official documents regulate the construction of LOS? First of all, I advise you to familiarize yourself with SNiP 2.04.02-84, SNiP 2.04.01.85, SNiP 2.04.03-85, SanPiN 2.1.4.544-96, SanPiN 2.1.5.980-00. It is for compliance with these documents that the SES will check your septic tank project. Let's take a quick look at what these documents say about the distances from treatment facilities to...

From VOC to residential building

SNiP clearly states that the distance from the treatment plant to the home must be at least 5 meters. Naturally, this figure is not taken out of thin air. Such a “sanzone” will prevent the appearance of an unpleasant odor from the septic tank if the latter does not cope with its direct responsibilities - cleaning wastewater from impurities and unpleasant odors. It is also dangerous to install a septic tank and a filter well (filtration field) too close to the house, as this may threaten the destruction of the foundation due to increased soil moisture. In winter, the soil will swell, which can cause the foundation to rupture.

Some people, for obvious reasons, try to install a septic tank further from the house, at a distance of more than 10-15 meters. But in this case, the owners must be prepared for the fact that if the sewer pipe laying technology is violated, blockages may occur. The only correct pipe slope should be 20 mm. on linear meter. If the slope is too steep or, on the contrary, practically absent, then this is fraught with blockages. If the length of the sewer pipe is 5-8 meters, then, as a rule, there is no problem of blockages.

To the neighboring site

Before building a septic tank in new areas, it is better to first coordinate the project with neighbors so that this does not happen unpleasant situation that your VOC is adjacent to your neighbor’s drinking well, which is located on the other side of the fence a few meters away (or vice versa). To avoid these unpleasant moments, which grossly violate all norms, it is better to agree in advance with your neighbor where you will install wells for water intake and where septic tanks. The distance to the neighbor's fence from your treatment plant should be at least 2 meters.

At what distance should a septic tank be located from a drinking well or well?

This is one of the most complex rules in SNiPs, which is very difficult to comply with due to small sizes plots. In theory, the further the septic tank is from the well, the better. It is very important that wastewater does not enter the well through aquifers in the soil, since such water is hazardous to health.

If possible, the VOC should be located downstream of the groundwater flow than the well. Define the best place for a well/septic tank, the results of hydrogeological studies of the area will help. But the direction of groundwater flow can also be determined visually - it flows from high ground to low ground. That is, it is better to install the VOC in the low part of the site, and the well/well in the upper part.

According to standards, the distance from the well to the septic tank should be 30-50 meters. If the groundwater level (GWL) is low and the bottom of the filter well is at least a meter above the GWL, then it is possible to reduce the distance.

Location of the VOC relative to the road/highway

The distance from the treatment plant to the road according to the same SNiP must be at least 5 meters. This distance is also scientifically based - if the septic tank is located closer, then constant vibrations from passing vehicles can damage the tightness of the septic tank, which can lead to contamination of soil and groundwater.

To the water pipes

Also the above regulations strictly regulate the issue of distance to water pipes. Distance between pipe and treatment facilities(including sewer pipes, which is also an element of VOC) must be at least 5 m. If the pipes are cast iron, then this distance can be reduced to three meters.

The distance between the septic tank and gas pipe— 5 m.

From VOCs to trees and shrubs

If large trees grow on the site, then excessive soil moisture can lead to rotting of the roots of the tree, and, consequently, to its death. The distance from large trees to filter wells or fields is at least 4 m. To bushes - at least a meter.

…to water bodies

If a river or stream flows near the site, then the septic tank should be located at a distance of no closer than 10 m.
In cases where there is a reservoir near your house (after all, an important strategic object), then the controlling organizations will especially carefully check the correctness of the installation. The distance to the reservoir is at least 30 meters.

Advice: before designing a VOC, make sure that a sewer truck can easily access it.

Septic tanks pose a serious danger to the environment, therefore, when designing and constructing this structure, it is important to adhere to the rules and regulations governing the construction of such structures. This is necessary primarily in order to protect drinking water sources from chemical and biological contamination.

Correct installation of VOCs will save you a lot of money, nerves and health.