Project about dwarf iris. Dwarf irises: varieties, description, photos, planting and care. Bearded dwarf iris, variety ‘Hammered Copper’
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Iris dwarf
Iris dwarf, or dwarf killer whale, Iris is lowy (Iris pumila)
Perennial rhizomatous plant of the genus Iris (Iris), family Iridaceae (Iridaceae).
Western Nomadian species. Grows in Asia Minor, Central and Eastern Europe, in Ukraine, in Moldova, Crimea, in the Caucasus, in the European part of Russia, to the borders steppe zone. Grows in steppe and chestnut soils and in saline meadows.
Iris dwarf
Varieties dwarf irises, unfortunately, are not very common among us.
However, they are good for landscaping: they are less capricious, grow faster, forming spectacular dense compact bushes already 2 years after planting, they bloom abundantly and early, ahead of tall varieties for about 2 weeks.
Their foliage remains decorative until autumn, which cannot be said about most tall varieties.
They are good for lining paths, when planting in independent groups against the background of a lawn, as well as when creating mixed compositions with medium-sized plants. tall irises and other decorative perennials.
And most importantly, "dwarfs" - great material for rockeries.
A perennial plant with a height of 10 to 15 cm.
The rhizome is branched up to 1 cm wide, producing shoots.
Iris dwarf
The stem is practically absent, all leaves are basal, slightly bluish, long-lanceolate, from 8 to 16 cm long, about 1 cm wide.
The flowers are solitary, blue, purple or yellow, with narrow, membranous involucre leaves at the top. The tube is from 6 to 8 cm in length, 2 times longer than the perianth, the outer perianth lobes are oblong, wedge-shaped narrowed towards the base, the inner lobes are almost equal to the outer ones, but wider than them. Stigmas are entire, widened, sessile.
The capsule is triangular, pointed upward. The seeds are about 5 mm long, wrinkled, dark brown, irregularly ovate.
Iris dwarf
For planting, choose sunny, well-drained areas.
Soils are preferably well-cultivated, loose, with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction.
To heavy clay soils add large river sand. Well-cultivated, loose soils with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction are preferred.
Since dwarf and medium-sized irises grow quickly, they have to be replanted every 4 years.
Iris dwarf
If you do this less often, the bushes become very thick, the leaves become smaller, and in some varieties a “dead zone” or “bald patch” is formed in the center of the bush from dead annual links of the rhizome.
During the growing season, careful systematic weeding is necessary; during budding and flowering, watering is necessary (if the weather is dry).
From the moment of regrowth until the end of flowering, 2-3 feedings are carried out with mineral fertilizers: the first, at the beginning of regrowth, with nitrogen-potassium fertilizers; the second, after 2-3 weeks, with nitrogen-phosphorus; the third, after the end of flowering, - nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium.
Iris dwarf
Application organic fertilizers undesirable - they can reduce the resistance of irises to diseases.
At the end of flowering, remove the flower stalks.
At the end of October, the leaves are cut off, leaving bunches about 10 cm high. Practice has shown that varieties of short and medium-sized bearded irises in Moscow conditions they winter well without shelter.
Using irises in mixed plantings, it is necessary to take into account that their root system is located in surface layer soil, and therefore they are weak competitors to other plants.
Therefore, perennials with a taproot or fibrous root system, which in the soil will be located below the roots of the irises, are most suitable as neighbors for them.
Iris dwarf
Included in the Red Book of Russia.
Landing. Seeds can be sown in autumn in pots with sand and placed in a greenhouse, where they should overwinter. And in the spring, seedlings will appear from these seeds, which, having grown a little, are planted in the ground.
When planting seeds in the spring, you need to stratify them in artificial conditions. To do this, the seeds need to be soaked and mixed with coarse sand treated with potassium permanganate. The mixture is placed in the refrigerator for several weeks. After this, you can sow irises.
Plant the grown seedlings on permanent place in the evening or in cloudy weather, water well and mulch.
Dwarf iris: planting and care
The dwarf iris, in comparison with its tall “relatives”, is less demanding on conditions. But for the plant to decorate for a long time suburban area, it is important to know how to properly care for it.
Description of dwarf iris
This type of iris is divided into standard and miniature. The first grow up to 40 cm, and the second are no more than 20 cm. The leaves come from the roots and have a juicy green color. The color scheme of dwarfs is varied - yellow, purple, and lilac colors delight the eye.
Source: Depositphotos
Dwarf iris blooms profusely
The popularity of this variety is justified:
- the plant is unpretentious in care;
- tolerates drought well;
- blooms in the 2nd year after planting and a couple of weeks earlier than tall irises;
- is different big amount buds;
- has decorative foliage that retains its attractiveness until late autumn.
On one iris bush many shoots grow, and each peduncle produces 2-3 flowers, so the plant blooms profusely. Depending on the weather, dwarf irises in middle lane Russia's begin to bloom in mid or late May. Flowering ends in mid-June.
Planting and caring for dwarf irises
To plant this flower, you should choose a spacious, sunny place. It is important to create good drainage - it will not allow moisture to stagnate and harm the root system. The crop can be planted in the ground in early to mid-spring, when the soil is already warmed by the sun.
Planting low-growing irises:
- After choosing a site, you should dig the soil deeply.
- The soil needs to be loosened and sand added to it. If the soil is acidic, you can add lime or ash.
- Soak the cuttings in a solution of potassium permanganate for a couple of hours.
- Dig the irises into the ground so that the root collar is above its surface.
- For the first 5 days, irises should be watered generously, especially if it is very hot outside. A couple of hours after watering, you should loosen the soil.
- You can mulch the soil around the plant with sand or pebbles.
Once planted, the plants require virtually no care. They easily tolerate a lack of moisture. To get more active budding, you can feed the flowers before flowering with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. When the plant fades, the flower stalks should be cut off. At the end of the season, the crop needs to be trimmed. Once every 3-4 years it should be replanted.
Dwarf irises delight the eye with their variegated colors, which is why they are widely used in decorating suburban areas.
Iris pumila L. aggr. 1753
Family - Irisaceae– Iridaceae
Global Threat Category on the IUCN Red List
Not included in the IUCN Red List.
Category according to IUCN Red List criteria
Regional populations belong to the rarity category “Vulnerable” - Vulnerable, VU A3cd; B1b(iii)c(iv); S. A. Litvinskaya.
Brief morphological characteristics
Herbaceous short-rhizome polycarpic. Height – 10–15 cm. The rhizome is thick, creeping, branched. The stem is almost undeveloped, the arrow ends in a flower.
Leaves are basal, broad-linear, bluish (length up to 10 cm, width 12 mm). The leaves increase in size after flowering. The involucre leaves are narrow, green, and leathery at the top.
The flowers are sessile, solitary, yellow or purple. Perianth tube up to 45 mm long, with three purple stripes. The outer lobes of the periflower are rounded, wedge-shaped narrowed at the base;
the internal lobes are oblong and somewhat wider, notched at the apex. The fruits are triangular, pointed upward, sessile capsules. The seeds are spherical. 2n=24, 30, 32, 36.
Spreading
General range: Europe: Central, Eastern (Crimea); Mediterranean; Caucasus. Russia: European part: Kurgan, Tambov, Saratov (surrounding the city of Saratov), Rostov (Bolshoi Bayrak gully on the coast of the Tsimlyansk reservoir, Sholokhov district), Volgograd region. ;
Republic of Bashkortostan; Southern Urals; Western Siberia (south); North Caucasus: QC; SK (from Lake Manych to the outskirts of Kislovodsk), Mount Beshtau (5.VII.1906, P. Tischevsky); KCR (Cherkessk);
North Ossetia - Alania (Sadono-Unal and Upper Fiagdon basins); the republics of Ingushetia and Chechnya; Dagestan (environment of Makhachkala (18.IV.1927, N. Vvedensky).
Krasnodar region: Western Ciscaucasia: Azov-Kuban district (environment of the city of Yeysk, pastures of Kolos LLC in the vicinity of the city of Primorsko-Akhtarsk, environs of the city of Armavir (1.V.1889; 12.IV. 1891, V. Lipsky), Ust-Labinsk (25.V.1966, student fees),
env. Art. Taman (24.IV.1892, V. Lipsky), shores of Kiziltashsky (21.VII.1926, N. Vvedensky), Dinsky, Tamansky bays, Art. Fontalovskaya, Sultan's graves, ur. Podmayachnoye (23.IV.2005), Tuzla Spit, seashore in the area of Cape Panagia - Kholodnaya Balka (fishing brigade No. 5), Salt Lake. near the village Yantar, env. Art. Blagoveshchenskaya);
Western Caucasus: Adagum-Pshishsky district (mountains Papai, Baraniy Rog, Shize (07/13/1925, N. Vvedensky), Mount Soberbash near Ubinskaya station (X. 23, 1960, I. S. Kosenko)); Belo-Labinsky district (Dzheltmes heights); Urup-Teberdinsky district (environment of Otradnaya station (1945, I.S. Kosenko);
Northwestern Transcaucasia: Anapa-Gelendzhik district (environment of the village of Varvarovka, the village of Sukko, the Semisam and Navagir ridges, the village of Vasilievka, Kirillovka, Semigorye, Vodopadnaya Shchel (9.V.2005), the environs of the village of Glebovka, South Ozereevka, Mount Eagle (Lake Sladky Liman), Cape Sheskharis (1.V.1988),
env. Novorossiysk (20.IV.1889, V. Lipsky), Tonnelnaya station (21.VI.1889, V. Lipsky), Chertova Gorka, from Novorossiysk to the village. Fake Gelendzhik, ridge. Markoth, seashore in Blue Bay in the vicinity. Gelendzhik); Pshad-Dzhubga district (mountains Mikhailovka, Gebius, Lysaya, Ostraya).
Features of biology, ecology and phytocenology
Blooms in April – May. Entomophile. Propagated by seeds and rhizomes. Heliophyte, mesoxerophyte, geophyte, petrophyte and steppe species. A species with a narrow ecological-cenotic amplitude. When grown from seeds, it blooms in the 2nd–3rd year, and the period of seed germination is extended over 4–5 years.
In culture it quickly ages and becomes extinct. The percentage of seminification in culture is 60–80%, in nature – 40–65%. The pregenerative period in nature is 3–5 years, in culture – 1–2 years; the generative period in nature is 20–50 years, in culture – 5–6 years; The senile period in nature lasts up to 30 years, in culture – 3–5 years.
The development of a monocarpic shoot lasts 27–28 months. Field germination of seeds is 20–40%. Grows on rocky slopes, highly eroded humus-carbonate clayey, chernozem, chestnut soils, and rarely on solonetzes.
Type of zonation: low-mountain and mid-mountain, rises to an altitude of up to 1000 m above sea level. m. It is part of upland xerophytic vegetation, tomillars, petrophytic steppes, grows in juniper woodlands, in communities of Pitsunda pine and downy oak, on coastal cliffs.
Number and its trends
The population size on the shore of the Dinsky estuary in the fescue steppe was about 400 individuals (IV.22, 2005); on the shores of the Taman Bay, iris grows in clones, the area of which is up to 600 cm2 or more, the density of individuals per 1 m2 is 93 (45 generative flowering, the rest faded, many virginal; 12 generative, 62 virginile, 2 faded, 1 in bud state (22. IV.2005).
The population density on Mount Shize is 19–22 individuals per 25 m2. It was indicated as a species on the way to complete extinction on the Taman Peninsula back in 1927. A large number were destroyed during the construction of the CPC in the vicinity of the village. South Ozereevka; a significant part of the population was destroyed in the root part of the Tuzla Spit.
The number in the coastal zone of the surrounding area is decreasing. village Golubitskogo due to powerful landslides. In places optimal conditions can reach high numbers. In the district of the village. In Glebovka, 86 individuals grew per 100 m2; on the seashore in Blue Bay (Gelendzhik) - 32 per 1 m2, in Shiblyak - 78 copies. per 1 m2.
Limiting factors
Grazing of livestock, plowing of steppes, harvesting for bouquets, digging for the purpose of introduction by amateur gardeners, economic development of slopes, laying pipelines, resort construction, terracing of slopes for planting pine trees, quarrying for the extraction of rift limestones in the Tuzla Spit area.
Security measures
It is necessary to monitor the state of populations, limit economic activity in places of compact growth, optimization of pasture load, widespread introduction into the culture, prohibition of collecting for bouquets and digging up rhizomes, designation of specially protected natural areas in the steppe part of the region, protection of reserves. Markotkh, organization of the Utrishsky Nature Reserve.
Protection of the steppe slopes near the Tuzla Spit, organization of the natural monument "Cape Penai". Protected in the UK - category IV, status 3 - "Dwindling species", in Kalmykia, RO (state reserve "Rostovsky"). Tested in culture in botanical gardens Russia. Difficult in culture.
Information sources.. 1. Tsvelev, 1979; 2. Mikheev, 2006; 3. Grossheim, 1940; 4. Shilova, Panin, 2003; 5. Fedyaeva, Abramova, 2002; 6. Fedyaeva, 2004; 7. Gorchakovsky, Shurova, 1982; 8. Shmaraeva, Shishlova, 2005; 9. Red Book... 2002; 10. KW; 11. Khubieva, 2003; 12. Komzha, 1994; 13. Dakieva, Khashieva, 2004; 14. Flerov, 1938; 15. Shkil, 2004; 16. Bush, 1909; 17.KBAI; 18. Kosenko, 1927; 19. Compiler's data; 20. Nagalevsky et al., 1995; 21. Bondarenko, 2004; 22. Personal communication, N. A. Don; 23. Flerov A., Flerov V., 1926; 24. Maleev, 1931; 25. Let's save... 1984; 26. Shevchenko, 1976; 27. Wild growing... 1979; 28. Georgiev et al., 1995. Compiled by S. A. Litvinskaya; photo by S. A. Litvinskaya.
Dwarf bearded irises have become increasingly popular recently. Almost everyone is familiar with the low purple irises, which can be seen in city parks and in our gardens. But few people have seen low bearded irises of orange, brown, sky blue, bright yellow, almost red or white.
It’s not for nothing that dwarf irises are called a small miracle. The height of this flower varies from 20 to 40 cm. Dwarf irises bloom in May, immediately after the flowering of daffodils, tulips and hazel grouse, when peonies are still in buds, and tall bearded irises are just putting out their first flower stalks. This is where charming miniature “bearded men” bloom, and we are once again surprised by the wisdom of nature.
Dwarf iris: rules for planting and design
Caring for irises is not at all difficult.
When choosing a place, keep in mind that dwarf bearded irises are dry-loving plants and love the sun, which should illuminate them for at least half a day.
Plants should be placed at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other. good care irises will actively grow and quickly occupy the space allotted to them.
They can be planted both along paths and in separate flower beds. And do not forget that they should be located in the foreground. After flowering, the foliage of irises is also spectacular and will decorate any flower bed.
Don't forget about color combinations. If you place dark brown ones next to dark purple ones, then such a tandem is unlikely to be attractive, and most likely there will even be some irritation.
But if you place a lighter one, but of the same tone, next to a dark iris, then the latter will emphasize the charm of the first. So, if we place light blue with dark blue or purple, and yellow with burgundy, then they will shade each other. A white iris Suitable for iris of any other color.
Next to two-color irises, the colors of the upper (standard) or lower (foul) petals will look good.
The soil
If you have a damp area, then you shouldn’t give up dwarf irises just because of this. You just need to lift them into beds or high flower beds.
When preparing the bed, remove the new or old one fertile layer(for us it is 25-30 cm) to the clay, put it aside. Then add a layer of sawdust (10 cm), either rotted or fresh. If there is hay available, then lay the hay under the layer of sawdust. By doing this we block the cold coming from the clay and increase the height of the bed.
Add one to the selected land square meter two buckets of humus or well-rotted manure, horse or mullein, two or three buckets of peat, a bucket of sand, maybe two. Sand gives looseness to the soil and excess water leaves without stopping. We usually prepare the beds in September and therefore add 40-50 g mineral fertilizer for autumn.
Division of rhizomes
The most favorable time for dividing iris rhizomes - this is two weeks after the end of flowering. But the bed may not be ready by this time. In this case, the divisions of irises are planted in containers, in which, by the time they are planted in the ground, they form a branched root system.
Preparing for winter
Dwarf irises are covered for the winter. Therefore, after the last last weeding, the irises are sprayed with copper-containing preparations, such as Oksikhom or Maxim, pollinated with ash and covered with padding polyester up to 2-3 cm thick, which does not rot and allows water to pass through. If there is no snow for a long time, then hay is thrown on top.
Irises should be prepared for winter by excluding nitrogen-containing fertilizers in the second half of summer, and also by introducing ash into the soil, which contains many elements and microelements and does not contain nitrogen.
People often refuse to grow dwarf irises, believing that they bloom little. This is not entirely true. The life of a flower can be three, four, or five days, and there can be three or four flowers on the peduncle.
Dwarf variety Cocoa Pink
One of the most attractive flower stalks is the dwarf iris. With its help you can perfectly decorate gardens and cottages. Flowers amaze with their beauty and diversity. They come in many colors and shapes and will look amazing, luxurious and original.
The plants are stunted, growing to a height of 40 cm, but 20 cm flowers are more common. Although the size of dwarf irises is modest, the flowers do not differ in size and brightness from their traditional counterparts. The petals of the peduncles are painted in many shades. Many flower lovers are delighted with lilac, purple, yellow and other colors.
Iris dwarf "Blau"
Each flower stalk can grow from 2 to 3 flowers; one bush can produce a large number of shoots, so flowering is characterized by abundance and diversity. Dwarfs are unpretentious and easy to care for, which makes them different from their taller counterparts.
Culture has a number of advantages:
- dwarfs are distinguished by colorful inflorescences, spectacular foliage that retains an attractive appearance all season, until autumn;
- dwarf varieties bud the very next year after planting, so short term it turns out to be a beautiful flowerbed;
- The crop blooms 14-15 days earlier than its taller counterparts; the difference lies in the abundance of buds.
The plants are hardy and unpretentious, indispensable when decorating the territory of summer cottages and garden plots.
Dwarf iris: varieties
Cultivation of dwarf irises has been carried out for the last hundred years. Breeders have developed many varietal varieties from one plant. Gardeners grow the following varieties:
- Attractive yellow-orange peduncles, on each petal of which a beard of a soft white shade is produced, bearded iris produces dwarf variety and "Carats". At the tips the beard becomes bright red.
- The petals of the “Puppet” variety of irises with streaked brownish veins are beautiful and lavender-like in color. Peduncles are tall, 30 cm, with 3 buds.
- The snow-white inner petals and the heavenly bluish tint of the lower lobes are characteristic of the “Wink” variety. The stems grow to a height of 24 cm, with up to two buds blooming on each big size.
- Large flowers, colored pale blue color, characterized by “Cry Baby” irises. Under influence sun rays The petals can burn out, becoming whitish. Peduncles usually grow to a 28-centimeter mark, each of them grows from 1 to 3 buds, striking in their beauty and originality.
- The iris variety “Little Dream” is distinguished by large peduncles painted in a soft lilac shade. Each petal has beards of a bluish tint. The height of the stem varies from 30 to 34 cm. 2-3 large flowers can bloom on each stem.
- Flowers amaze with their beauty and attractiveness. They are painted in dark blue color. Each petal of the Sapphire Gem iris produces a snow-white beard. The peduncle is capable of growing up to 37 cm. Each of them produces up to four flowers.
Planting dwarf irises
Iris dwarf is indispensable when decorating borders.
First, gardeners decide on a site for planting irises. For culture, it is necessary to choose well-lit places. It is under these conditions that plants will attract attention with the colorfulness, brightness and perfection of their buds.
Good flowers grow in light, breathable, nutritious soils. To obtain lush bouquets In areas with insufficiently loose soil, add sufficient sand to the ground. Lime, ash and other alkaline substances are added to areas. To avoid excessive moisture, care should be taken to good drainage. This measure will ensure the safety of the root system.
Plant the crop like its tall counterparts:
- Varieties of dwarf irises begin to be planted on the site in the spring and until August. The culture takes root well after transplantation in any weather conditions.
- It is necessary to disinfect for 2 hours using potassium permanganate dissolved in water. This measure will reduce the risk of developing diseases.
- After selecting a site, it is recommended to dig it up and add nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus-containing substances in sufficient quantities.
- When planting bushes, the root neck should be left above the ground.
- The plant is watered for a week, after which the soil is carefully loosened. In this case, you need to be careful not to harm the root system.
Care
Dwarfs are easy to care for as they are quite unpretentious. IN spring period Before flowering, the plant must be fed with potassium-phosphorus substances. This will help to form attractive and large buds. To stimulate flowering it is used experienced flower growers the following diagram:
- in April, irises are fertilized using nitrogen-potassium substances;
- after a 3-week period, nitrogen and phosphorus are added;
- After the flowering period begins, it is necessary to feed with minerals.
After the flowers wilt, they are cut off. When the irises stop blooming, it is recommended to remove the flower stalks. In August, plants are trimmed, foliage is trimmed to 10 cm in size.
After a 3-4 year period, it is recommended to divide and plant irises. First, the foliage is cut off at a 7-centimeter level from the surface of the ground, then you should dig up the roots and divide the crop into parts, leaving a few in each case. leaf rosettes(usually 1 or 2).
Rules for propagating dwarf irises
Currently, there are two ways to propagate the crop:
- vegetative;
- seeds.
Let's look at each of them in more detail.
Gardeners usually propagate irises by dividing the rhizomes. Such reproduction occurs throughout the season. But professionals advise carrying out the procedure after the onset of the resting phase. The plant is completely dug up or a small part is cut off from the mother bush. Then the root system should be washed with water to clear it of soil and divided into fragments. The foliage is trimmed by 15 cm and the rhizome is shortened by 10 cm. At the next stage, the links are treated with potassium permanganate diluted in water and dried in the sun.
The bush multiplies kidney method. On each of the annual links of the root, a new shoot can grow. This part is separated, disinfected in a potassium permanganate solution and planted for growing.
Peduncles are formed if the irises were propagated vegetatively, already in the spring of next year, if the plant was planted at the end of summer.
You can grow a bush from seeds. This method is optimal if the gardener has a desire to obtain new hybrid forms. Sowing of seeds is carried out in early autumn immediately after they are collected. You can sow the crop in the spring, but it is recommended to stratify the grains. Planting material pre-soaked in water, then you need to mix it with sand and hide it in a cold place, where it should lie for 2 weeks.
Application in landscape design
At the time of replanting dwarfs in the territory or rose gardens, it is necessary to pay attention to the free arrangement. Not recommended for creeping and ground cover plants plant with irises in the same area, since their beauty in this case will be “strangled.”
Dwarf iris is used to create rockeries
Plants look good in areas if other crops grow with them. Combinations of irises with other spring flowers usually strike the eye. These low-growing attractive flowers can be accompanied by rock alyssum, Caucasian rhizome, and spurge, which look great in rock gardens. Here you can plant daffodils, pushkinia, or imperial hazel grouse. Dwarf irises are indispensable in the design of rose gardens.
With the help of dwarf irises, border areas are decorated and plants look attractive in various containers, placed throughout garden plot. Irises in flowerpots, flowerpots and stone bowls decorate a loggia, balcony or veranda. But when grown in pots Special attention It is recommended to pay attention to drainage; plants cannot tolerate stagnant water. In this case they die.
Iris small size are able to give beauty to any area. They will delight you with their flowering and originality. Caring for the crop is quite simple, so it’s worth trying to plant it in your own areas. Try it, you won't regret it.