Modern man knows that ecology, efficiency, care for environment and the health of household members is not an empty phrase. In case of gas boiler many problems arise - this includes increased CO emissions and endless red tape with public utilities, bribes and contributions. In Russia, few owners of private houses have switched to pellets, but the corresponding trend is beginning to gain momentum. Let's see what they are pellet granules, what is their consumption and what are the advantages and disadvantages of this progressive type of heating.

Pellets are

Special pellets made of wood (more often), peat or straw (less often). The cost of purchasing and installing equipment will be approximately the same as in the case of gas equipment, but you can perform all connection-related operations yourself. Daily pellet consumption is approximately 50 kg (an average of two bags) per day. Naturally, it is more profitable to buy pellets wholesale, therefore the boiler owner should provide a dry place for their storage.

Advantages of pellet heating

Heating your home with pellets has many advantages, including:

• no special maintenance required - you can handle ash removal yourself, and most models come with an auto-cleaning function;
• The efficiency is 70-95%, and these are very high figures;
• many models are equipped with a hot water supply circuit;
• the boiler can be installed independently;
• reliable protection against fire and explosions;
• ease of transportation and storage of fuel;
• possibility of working where there are no conditions for gas furnaces.

The main thing is to ensure adequate conditions for storage - the room should not be humid, and foreign odors during operation should also be avoided. No approval is required to connect a pellet stove.

Flaws

Cons of this type there is very little fuel and equipment, and the main thing is high price boiler Behind last years it has fallen, but still remains quite high. In addition, the pellets themselves are not cheap, although their consumption is economical, and purchase and delivery can cause some difficulties, as well as servicing the stove - the fact is that pellets are not yet in such high demand, and in remote areas populated areas you may simply not find a supplier.

conclusions

Pellet heating is a modern environmentally friendly solution, which is one of the best today. The system requires installation costs, but in general it is economical and, no less important, safe for health.

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When choosing an energy source for heating your premises, you need to answer the question:

“I want an automated boiler?!”

If you are satisfied with a non-automated boiler, into which you will need to load firewood or coal 3-4 times a day, then you can install a wood-burning boiler or boiler long burning. Perhaps you have a lot of free firewood or coal.

In this case, you need to understand one important point, that all long-burning boilers, which are stated that one bookmark is enough for 12-36 hours, actually work this way only if the moisture content of the firewood is 10-12%. To do this, you need to prepare the firewood in advance so that it can sit for 1-2 years, dry, and only then use it for its intended purpose.

But as a rule, all firewood that is sold in Russia has a humidity of 30-40% and when burning such firewood in long-burning boilers, part of the energy will be spent on drying it to the required humidity and one bookmark will not be enough for the stated 12-36 hours, but in reality will last for 6-12 hours.

If you still need automated heating and you do not have mains gas, then you have a choice: pellets, diesel, electricity or propane gas.

The cheapest energy source listed is pellets.

Well, now the most main question: what are pellets?

Pellets are biofuels produced from peat, wood waste and waste Agriculture. It is a cylindrical granule of standard size.

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Pellets are a renewable energy source. The most popular and effective are wood pellets; pellets are also made from: buckwheat husks, seed husks, peat, straw, etc.

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Here is a photo of pellets made from various raw materials:

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Compound feed!!! Everyone who sees pellets for the first time thinks so)

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In appearance, all pellets are the same: they have the same shape and dark color, but they have strong differences, I’ll talk about that later.

How much do pellets cost?

The cost of pellets varies depending on their characteristics and region from 5,500 rubles to 8,500 rubles per 1 ton.

But in fact, the cost of 1 ton of pellets does not mean anything, because it is not clear what the monthly fuel consumption will be.

On average, per 200 m2 of living space, monthly fuel consumption is 1400-2000 kg, depending on the insulation of the room. From here you can calculate estimated cost heating with pellets: from 8,400 rubles to 12,000 rubles per month, depending on the insulation of the room and the temperature outside.

Below is a graph of heating costs for various types fuel 200 m2 of living space per year, data are given from thermotechnical calculation according to aggregated indicators:

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The graph shows that the cheapest energy carrier in Russia is

This is main gas, then there are pellets.

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Diesel heating is 2 times more expensive. Electricity is also 2 times more expensive, with the cost of 1 kW of electricity being 2.4 rubles. Propane gas is 1.5 times more expensive.

Also, when using pellets instead of electricity, you release free electrical power.

With an electric boiler, there may be a shortage of electricity. This means that, for example, 10 kW of electricity is allocated to the facility and that’s it. But you need to turn on the TV, kettle, refrigerator and there is nothing left for heating.

For people with energy education and for those who understand thermal power engineering: the cost of 1 gCal of heat is 1,100 rubles, or the cost of 1 kW of heat is 1.1 rubles.

For example: everyone knows the cost of 1 kW of electricity in their premises. If 1 kW costs 3 rubles, then the cost of heating with pellets will be 3 times cheaper.

Where can I get pellets?

Today in Russia there are more than 500 pellet producers. In each region there are 5-7 manufacturers and 10-15 trading companies that sell pellets. Therefore, I can say with confidence that there are a lot of pellets, you won’t be left without pellets.

It is always more profitable to buy pellets in the period May-July (summer), because during this period all pellet manufacturers experience a strong decline in sales.

The heating season has already ended or has not yet begun. The cost of pellets in summer can be 2000 rubles cheaper per 1 ton than in heating season. The peak prices for pellets occur in December and January.

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To do this you need to understand:

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How much does a pellet, diesel or electric boiler cost?

How much will heating cost per year using these types of fuel?

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The heating system itself, regardless of the choice of boiler, will cost approximately the same.

Let's consider the payback period using the example of heating 200 m2 of a residential building:

Conclusion: despite the fact that a pellet boiler is more expensive, installing a pellet boiler will pay for itself in the case of diesel in 1 year, in the case of electricity in 1.5 years.

How are pellets made?

Pellets are obtained by grinding raw materials to flour. It is then dried to a moisture content of 8 to 12%. Next is granulation, in a special device that resembles a “meat grinder” or granulator.

The gluing of wood pellets occurs due to the content of a substance - lignin, which, when heated, ensures the creation of the required shape.

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Pellets are an environmentally friendly fuel

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The pellet production process is as follows:

How do pellets differ from each other?

Diameter (mm). In Russia, pellets of 6 and 8 mm are most often found, but pellets with a diameter of 8 mm are more popular. 6mm pellets are mainly for Italian boilers, or for the supply of pellets for export and pellet fireplaces. 99% of pellet boilers in Russia can consume at least 6 mm or 8 mm pellets.

Ash content (%). This indicator means how much ash will be formed when burning 1 kg of pellets. The lower the ash content, the less frequently the boiler needs to be cleaned. For normal operation boiler using wood pellets, their ash content should not exceed 1%. The ash content of agro pellets (buckwheat, sunflower seeds, etc.) is from 3% and above. Accordingly, the boiler will have to be cleaned 3 times more often. I didn’t clean the boiler in time and fuel consumption increased.

- Heat of combustion or calorific value. This indicator means how much energy will be released when 1 kg of fuel is burned. Or the amount of heat released when burning 1 kg of fuel. Accordingly, the higher the combustion heat, the lower the pellet consumption.

Humidity (%) . The humidity of the pellets should be between 8 and 12%; if this figure is higher or lower, the pellets will crumble.

Pellet density. Subject to all production technologies, 1m3 pellets = 650kg. If the pellets are not dense, this reduces their efficiency and accordingly increases fuel consumption.

Package. There are 2 main types of packaging such as big bag (600-1000 kg) and bag (15-40 kg). Depending on the storage space, bunker and method of feeding pellets, the client chooses the packaging that suits him.

Bags are most often placed on a pallet and wrapped packaging film, because Since the film is not resistant to sharp objects, the pallets must be of high quality and not have a sharp surface. Also, pellets in bags can be shipped in bulk.

How to store pellets?

Storing pellets is very easy. Main enemy pellet is moisture. Pellets to be afraid of direct hit moisture. They do not absorb humidity from the air.

Therefore, they can be stored in bags outside on pallets and covered waterproof materials, and big bags are just on the street. because they are already waterproof.

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Advantages of pellets over other types of fuel

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Advantages over diesel fuel:

The cost of heating using pellets is 2.5 times cheaper than diesel fuel;

Pellets are non-flowing, non-flammable, non-odorous;

Pellets are a renewable energy source. The cost of diesel is growing faster than the cost of pellets.

Advantage over electricity:

Heating with pellets is 2-5 times cheaper than with electricity;

Liberation of the free electrical power;

There are no high-power electric boilers.

Advantage over wood and coal:

Pellets have an ash content of 0.5%, firewood and coal have an ash content of 30-40%. Pellets have lower ash content and higher boiler efficiency;

A pellet boiler can operate autonomously from 7 to 30 days. Possible for pellets autonomous operation from 1 to 30 days;

Coal is dirty and burns with soot.

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Advantage over gas tanks (propane gas):

The cost of 1 kW is 2 times cheaper than using gas from a tank;

Pellet boilers do not require approval from the supervision (up to 1 mW);

The price of propane gas is rising rapidly;

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Advantage over mains gas:

Not all territories are gasified;

Payment is required for connecting to the main gas and mains up to the point of connection;

The price of 1 kW from main gas is only 20-30% lower, connection to the main gas will pay off only after 10 years;

Permits are issued slowly;

Gas fuel is constantly becoming more expensive;

In the event of an accident on the gas main, you will be left without heating;

It is impossible to extend gas to the “wild corners” of nature;

Pellet boilers do not require supervision approval (up to 1 mW);

Pellets are renewable and environmentally friendly pure source energy.

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How does a pellet boiler work?

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Device

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A pellet boiler consists of 3 main parts: a heat exchanger and burner, a fuel supply system, and a pellet storage bin.

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Operating principle of a pellet boiler

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Pellets are poured into the bunker. Using the fuel supply system, they are supplied to the combustion chamber (burner). A powerful air flow is pumped into the burner using a fan and the combustion process and water heating occur.

Pellets without forced submission air does not burn because it has an increased density. The boiler reaches the set water temperature of 80-85 C, turns off, and the supply of air and pellets stops. The pellets in the burner simply smolder. When the water temperature cools by 5-7 degrees, the boiler turns on again and this happens cyclically.

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Pellet boiler maintenance

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The frequency of filling the bunker with pellets depends on its volume; on average, a standard bunker is enough for 3-7 days of boiler operation. The boiler must be cleaned 1-2-3 times a month, depending on the ash content of the pellets and the design of the heat exchanger. The ash pan of the boiler is also emptied of ash and the burner is cleaned of “coke”.

The pellet boiler can be serviced by unqualified personnel; the service time takes 5-10 minutes. To operate a pellet boiler you do not need to have any special skills.

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Placement of the pellet boiler

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The pellet boiler can be placed in basements with low ceilings. The boiler can be placed in outbuildings, as well as in detached buildings. For reliable operation automation systems, the temperature in these rooms must be positive. It is important to ensure easy access to the pellets and the pellet boiler from all sides.

Do I need permits or approvals to install a pellet boiler?

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Pellets are non-explosive and environmentally friendly fuel. Pellet boiler - belongs to the segment of solid fuel boilers. When installing a pellet boiler, no permits or approvals are required.

What to do with a pellet boiler if main gas is supplied in 3-5 years?

If you are planning to use pellet heating as a temporary heat source because you are waiting for a connection to the main gas, then you do not need to worry about unnecessary expenses.

You can sell the boiler to us after it has been used. We call this function trade-in of pellet boilers.

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Also, the pellet boiler can be left as a backup.

Call us, we will select a boiler for you based on power and calculate the monthly consumption of pellets in comparison with other energy sources.

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Traditional firewood, fuel briquettes, coal - all this has its advantages and disadvantages. The choice is dictated by availability and individual operational properties each type of fuel, as well as technical characteristics equipment.

In this article we will talk about alternative source thermal energy - pellets for space heating.

Comparative characteristics

Below are the main characteristics known species fuel.

1. Firewood. The most common and efficient type of fuel. For high-quality heating of premises, wood should have no more than 25% humidity. If this indicator is higher, the firewood may not ignite or will smoke heavily. Their main and, perhaps, only drawback is the need to constantly monitor the amount of fuel in the burner. By the way, unlike pellets, the supply of which is carried out fully automatically - it is enough to pour a portion of fuel into the firebox once, and this will be enough for several days of boiler operation.

   Firewood - relatively cheap material, if you prepare them yourself. Ordering dry wood, chopped into neat segments, will cost 2-3 times more. Conifers(spruce, pine) are among the most expensive, but burn out faster than others. Oak, hornbeam, maple, ash are premium options. Intermediate position In terms of price and properties, birch, alder, and aspen rank.

2. Coal. This type of fuel has excellent combustion duration and the amount of thermal energy released. However, the disadvantages are no less significant. In particular, after the combustion of coal, a large volume of slag remains inside the boiler, so it will have to be cleaned regularly. Second minus - bad smell, spreading throughout the room.
3. Fuel briquettes. They are nothing more than waste from the woodworking industry compressed into small blocks. Like fuel pellets, briquettes are environmentally friendly and leave minimal waste. For some, the decisive factor may be that they do not require retrofitting the boiler.

   It is not recommended to use cheap briquettes made from waste fibreboard, chipboard or MDF boards- they contain a lot harmful substances, in particular, furniture glue. It is easy to distinguish such fuel by white color and fine-grained structure.

4. Pellets. They are produced in the same way as briquettes, only pressed into small granules. Requires additional equipment heating equipment a special pellet burner. This will entail additional expenses, but will be fully compensated by the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of consumption.

The choice of the type of solid fuel for the boiler is limited only by the budget and your own ideas about efficiency.

Note that Kupper boilers operate on all types of fuel, so here the user is not limited in choice by anything other than the budget and his own ideas about the effectiveness of a particular type.

Please note that boiler equipment produced by the Teplodar company is characterized by the maximum configuration among other analogues on the market. The basic delivery set includes accessories for cleaning the boiler, a heating element block, a thermometer and a stainless steel rotary valve.

Pellets for boilers: advantages and disadvantages

To the main advantages fuel pellets relate:

• efficient heat generation with more than a small consumption (1 ton of pellets provides the same amount of thermal energy as 1.5 tons of firewood or 500 m 3 of gas);
• minimum waste (ash is 1% of the initial volume of fuel);
• rarely clean the boiler (no more than 1-2 times a month);
• uniform combustion and constant temperature;
• no sparking;
• ease of transportation (pellets are supplied in bags);
• absence of unpleasant odors;
• environmental friendliness (combustion produces only 0.03% sulfur);
• ash can be used as fertilizer;
• reasonable cost of fuel;
• No permits are required to equip the boiler with a pellet burner.

Solid fuel has such an indicator as calorific value - the amount of energy obtained from the combustion of 1 kg of material. For pellets it is 4500-5300 kcal/kg, which is comparable to the calorific value of black coal and dry firewood.

This fuel has only one drawback: before using pellets, you will have to buy a special burner.

The use of pressed granules sometimes requires the purchase of a new boiler, although more often you can get by with retrofitting an existing one. To special devices that only work on this fuel, relate pellet boilers. The devices organize a complete heating circuit inside the house, and also provide the owners with hot water.

Before using pellet fuel, you will have to buy a special burner.

Selection rules

Alas, not every manufacturer supplies products good quality to the consumer. Next - about the types of fuel and how to determine the quality of pellets by appearance.

Pellets consist of sawdust, shavings, may include straw, peat, and seed shells.

In the Russian Federation, fuel standardization is poorly developed, so products Low quality occurs, unfortunately, quite often.

Typically, fuel is supplied in bags (packages) from 5 to 25 kg. It’s good if you can look inside and assess the condition of the granules. Some recommendations for choosing fuel:

• the less dust, fines, broken granules, the better;
• the color of high-quality pellets is brown or slightly lighter;
• the dark color of the fuel is a sign of a high concentration of bark, which impedes combustion;
• the lighter the granules, the more chemical impurities they contain.

The main criterion for classifying fuel by quality is moisture. There are three classes:

• first (minimum humidity, heat transfer up to 95%, high cost);
• second (intermediate option in terms of price and quality);
• third (the fuel is noticeably moist, smokes heavily, leaves a lot of ash, and is cheap).

The cost of pellets of classes I and III differs by 20-30%.

Typically, pellets are supplied in bags (packages) from 5 to 25 kg. It’s good if you can look inside and assess the condition of the granules.

Conditions of storage and use

When purchasing a large batch of pellets, you need to take care of where they are stored. When stored indoors, they should not be placed near open sources of fire. It is also necessary to protect the material from worst enemy- dampness.

How to store pellets if there is no space in the house? Closed bags/packages can be placed outside under a canopy. However, this option is undesirable - when it rains, the risk of the packaging getting wet and irreversible damage to the fuel increases.

A few words about how to properly heat a solid fuel boiler with pellets. This requires a burner, which can be purchased separately and installed on the boiler literally within half an hour. The operation of such a tandem is extremely simple - the user will need to fill the hopper with fresh pellets from time to time and clean out the ash. The temperature balance is controlled using the control panel.

Fuel pellets - economical, affordable, effective solid fuel. And, although the cost of a special pellet burner is quite high, within no more than 1 year the investment in the equipment will fully pay off.

Why pellets?

Wood pellets are an environmentally friendly type of fuel that is produced from waste from the wood processing industry. They are the highest quality and most common type of fuel.

What are the main advantages of wood pellets along with other types of fuel?

1. Environmental benefits

1.1 Reducing the greenhouse effect

When burned, the same amount is released into the air carbon dioxide, which the tree absorbed during growth, the so-called closed carbon cycle.

Whereas when burning fossil fuels, carbon dioxide accumulated over millions of years is released. All this increases the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere and, therefore, aggravates the greenhouse effect.

1.2 Low risks during transportation

The risk of environmental pollution due to leakage of oil products and tanker accidents is eliminated. There is absolutely no danger of fires, explosions, or water pollution.

2. Socio-economic benefits

2.1 New jobs

Thanks to wood, as well as the use of wood, new jobs are created in the industrial, forestry, agricultural and service sectors. This significantly affects the cost of fuel and also strengthens social structure region.

2.2 Security of supply

Wood is a raw material that grows constantly and, accordingly, is not exhausted. If we assume that times will come when fossil fuels are used up, then wood will help us out.

2.3 Price advantages

Pellets are a cost-effective alternative to fossil fuels. Their prices are formed regardless of the prices of oil and gas, the resources of which may be exhausted over time.

3. Ability to compete with other biogenic fuels

Wood pallets have advantages not only in comparison with fossil energy sources. If you compare pellets with other types of biogenic fuel, you can find the following advantages of pellets:

3.1 Warehousing

Due to the high energy concentration of pellets, they can be stored in warehouse smaller in size than any other solid biogenic fuel. This allows you to save fuel volume for the entire heating season.

3.2 Transport

The standardized sizes and flowability of pellets make them easy to transport. This also makes it possible to automate the heating system: pellets are transported using a tank truck, blown into the warehouse, and then automatically fed into the boiler.

Due to the listed advantages, the production of wood pellets has currently doubled compared to 2007.