Help for beginners from the state. What assistance can the state provide to individual entrepreneurs?

The state is trying in every possible way to stimulate the entrepreneurial activity of citizens. Small businesses, which include the vast majority of individual entrepreneurs, require tireless care from the state. It is no secret that entrepreneurs occupy a significant sector of the economy, provide employment to many thousands of employees, and contribute to the country’s budget with their taxes. The government is interested in having as many entrepreneurs as possible, and in difficult times, as few small businesses as possible going out of business.

In this article we will look at what kind of help is provided individual entrepreneurs from the state.

What types of assistance are there for individual entrepreneurs?

As already mentioned, the more citizens of a country are engaged in individual entrepreneurial activity, the better. At the same time, it is required that the entrepreneur who has embarked on this path gets stronger, “gets on his feet” and creates a full-fledged business. Accordingly, it will be great if over time his enterprise grows to significant size, and the entrepreneur will be able to provide employment as much as possible more people. And perhaps, someday, he will grow to become a national champion. Fortunately, foreign practice knows such cases.

But even if an entrepreneur provides employment only for himself and remains a self-employed person, then this will also benefit the state. This citizen will not qualify for unemployment benefits, and perhaps even with a small contribution, will replenish the country's budget by paying taxes.

Not all beginning and existing entrepreneurs know that the country has many programs aimed at supporting small businesses. Relations related to the support of entrepreneurs themselves and the infrastructure created to support small and medium-sized businesses are regulated by the law “On the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Russian Federation" This law establishes the basic principles of providing assistance to entrepreneurs, determines support mechanisms and sources of financing. The law also establishes the following types of assistance that an entrepreneur can count on:

• informational,
• consulting
• property,
• financial.

The law also defines sources of assistance financing and implementers of activities aimed at helping small and medium-sized businesses. Let's consider the assistance provided to entrepreneurs, in the context of the types of this assistance, in more detail.

Information assistance to individual entrepreneurs

The phrase “who owns the information, owns the world” is quite old, but, nevertheless, has not lost its relevance. And although we're talking about not about owning the world, but just about information that allows you to correctly create your business and bring it to success, in in this case it is just as relevant.

An entrepreneur, at all stages of his activity, faces a lack of information. Be it at the stage of creating your own business, or in the process of doing business. Some seek the help of qualified specialists - consultants, others receive additional education. But we live in a world now information technologies and state information support for entrepreneurship is primarily aimed at ensuring the availability of the knowledge necessary for entrepreneurs via the Internet. This is realized through the creation of specialized Internet resources, as well as the adaptation of existing websites of authorities state power and government services for the needs of entrepreneurs.

As a specialized resource aimed at information support for entrepreneurs, we can note - Federal portal small and medium-sized businesses (smb.gov.ru). And among well-adapted sites public services- this is the official website of the Federal tax service Russian Federation (nalog.ru).

Consulting assistance to individual entrepreneurs

Not in all cases, an independent search for the necessary information can help in solving problems that entrepreneurs encounter. There are non-standard situations, in which the entrepreneur will not be able to independently understand and find a way out. At such moments, information support is indispensable.

When an entrepreneur faces difficult situation, the way out of which cannot be found on the Internet, he needs the help of a qualified specialist - consultation. The law provides for two ways to provide entrepreneurs with consulting assistance.

In the first case, it is planned to create an infrastructure (network) consisting of individual units (organizations) that provide support to small businesses. These could be, for example, administration departments municipalities, one of whose functions is to provide advisory assistance to entrepreneurs. Or so-called legal clinics, with educational institutions, which train legal scholars who, in turn, through internships, delve into the problems of specific entrepreneurs and help solve them. On the other hand, it is possible for an entrepreneur to attract paid specialists, the costs of whose services will be reimbursed from the budget in the future.

Property assistance to individual entrepreneurs

One of the significant problems that new entrepreneurs face is the lack of material base. There may be a lack of equipment for production of products, land plots or business premises. Or, there is simply a lack of assets against which bank lending could be made.

The implementation of the law on entrepreneurship development helps to partially solve this problem. According to its provisions, various state or municipal property can be transferred to the possession or use of small businesses. Such property may include:

• buildings, structures, other non-residential premises,
• land,
• vehicles and other machines and mechanisms,
• equipment, tools and inventory.

The transfer is provided both on a reimbursable basis and on a gratuitous basis. The main requirement that an entrepreneur must comply with when using this property is to preserve its intended purpose. In addition, in most cases it is prohibited to alienate this property, pledge it, or enter it into authorized capital and so on. In case of violation of the rules for the use of such property, it, in judicial procedure, may be withdrawn. They can go to court with such a claim government bodies and local governments that provided such property support.

In order to make the process of providing property assistance open, state and municipal bodies, according to the law, are required to create and post for public information lists of property that can be provided for business activities on a long-term basis. In relation to federally owned property, the authorized body for compiling such lists is the Federal Agency for State Property Management.

Financial assistance to individual entrepreneurs

Financial support is, without a doubt, one of the most desired types of assistance for entrepreneurs. It can be carried out, as stated in the law on supporting entrepreneurs, from the budgets of the constituent entities of the federation and local budgets. The following forms of financial assistance to entrepreneurs are provided:

• subsidies,
• budget investments,
• state and municipal guarantees.

Let's look at them in more detail. Let's start with subsidies. In this regard, it differs from loans and borrowings, which, as a rule, are also targeted, but are subject to repayment, either by the time the specified period expires, or periodically and in equal parts within this period.

Expert opinion

Maria Bogdanova

Since these cash are allocated from the budget, and the actions themselves to provide them are non-commercial in nature, then strict requirements are imposed on their recipient. A subsidy cannot be provided without going through a strict procedure for selecting candidates for the use of budget funds. As a rule, an entrepreneur needs to prove the seriousness of his intentions. One such evidence is a detailed and justified business plan. There is no established template according to which such a document is drawn up.

It is important to keep in mind that when receiving government support, an individual entrepreneur takes on specific responsibilities. First of all, they involve submitting reports. Subsequently, the individual entrepreneur is obliged to provide a report on the expenditure of the funds received. In this case, it is important to attach checks to it, money orders, receipts and other documents confirming the direction of expenditure of funds. It is possible that the state may demand the money back. For example, if misuse of funds is identified, then the entire amount is requested back. If the reports show that a share of the assistance remained unfulfilled, then it is also returned.

The intended purpose of subsidies may be different, but, as a rule, they are directed to the following purposes:

• acquisition of tools, equipment, and inventory,
• acquisition of materials, raw materials and components,
• acquisition of intellectual property - licenses, patents.

Budget investments are a less common type of financial assistance to entrepreneurs. As a rule, funds allocated to support business in this way are converted into participation in the authorized capital of companies. In this regard, assistance to individual entrepreneurs from the state in this form is not available.

If an entrepreneur applies for state or municipal guarantees, he must provide investment project conduct of business and confirm the desire to enter into an agreement with credit institution on conditions that meet the requirements for issuing state (municipal) guarantees. After receiving consent to provide such support, under guarantees from the state or local government, the entrepreneur is provided with a loan (loan) from a banking institution.

Expert opinion

Maria Bogdanova

More than 6 years of experience. Specialization: contract law, labor law, social security law, intellectual property law, civil process, protection of the rights of minors, legal psychology

There is one important condition- business organized by state support, must exist for at least two years. This condition is a kind of guarantee and allows us to exclude financing of fly-by-night companies.

To develop small businesses in Russia in 2019, the Ministry of Economics proposes to create new, even more loyal programs for preferential financing. These programs will concern leasing, loans, taxes, etc. etc. According to the president of the country, all government measures should be aimed at reducing the financial burden on businessmen and encouraging small businesses elation.

No amount of instability in the economy will stop a true entrepreneur from starting a business. However, lack of funds always becomes an obstacle, and sometimes seems insurmountable. But there are no problems that cannot be solved. You can try to get a government subsidy to start your own business. The legislation provides for the opportunity to receive a subsidy for opening and supporting small businesses. There is a certain list of assistance that can be received from the state:

• subsidies for the unemployed, for opening own business;
• assistance for the development of their own business, provided for beginning businessmen;
• the state can act as a guarantor in a loan or leasing agreement;
• partial compensation of interest on loans;
• partial repayment of debt under a leasing agreement;
• facilitating the issuance of preferential loans;
• reimbursement of expenses spent on participation in fairs or exhibitions;
• preferential taxation.

Subsidies for the unemployed

People who have lost their jobs are given the opportunity to receive subsidies to start their own business. Today you can get about 59 thousand rubles. This type subsidies are provided free of charge. To receive assistance, it is necessary that the person is registered at the employment center as unemployed and. Some regional branches employment centers offer preliminary short training basics of entrepreneurship.

Most often they help projects that have a social orientation or involve the creation of new jobs. You cannot receive a subsidy if your business activity involves the circulation of alcohol, network marketing or opening a pawn shop. For each hired employee you can receive an additional 59 thousand rubles.

The only negative is that if the business lasts less than 1 year, then the government money will have to be returned.

Read also: Definition, characteristics and types of small business in 2019

Help for beginning businessmen

The amount of subsidies in this case is more impressive, about 300 thousand rubles. But in order to at least have the right to apply for help, the business must have already existed for at least 1 year.

You will have to draw up and defend your business project. Conditions for state participation in the project are 50X50 or 50X70. You can spend money on purchasing equipment, purchasing raw materials, or even paying rent. The main condition is that the company should not have debt on social benefits and taxes. Mostly money is given for social significant projects, that is, for business in the healthcare sector, consumer services.

Guarantee in contracts

In almost every region there are guarantee funds that have the right to guarantee banks for a specific entrepreneur. This assistance is provided for on a paid basis, you will have to pay about 1.5% of the transaction amount for which a guarantee is required. The entrepreneur and the guarantee fund must be located in the same region.

Partial interest repayment

Such assistance can be provided to almost any type of business activity. The amount of compensation largely depends on the refinancing rate that is in effect at the time of assistance and the size of the loan agreement.

Partial reimbursement of expenses under the leasing agreement

This program is provided mainly for those entrepreneurs who have entered into leasing agreements for the purchase Vehicle And production equipment. Size partial repayment largely depends on the region. For example, in Moscow you can count on a subsidy of 5 million rubles.

Preferential loans

To become a member preferential lending, you must contact the business support fund at the location of the entrepreneur. The amount of assistance can be a minimum of 10 thousand rubles, or a maximum of 1 million rubles. The average loan term is 2 years.

Every year Russia becomes more and more attractive for doing business. In the World Bank Doing Business ranking, the country ranks 35th among states that create a favorable climate for the launch and development of projects. In turn, Moscow ranked second in the national ranking in terms of investment attractiveness and fifth among European cities according to the international publication Financial Times.

Both targeted government funding programs and small business assistance programs make a significant contribution to the development of the investment environment. IN this material We will tell you step by step what kind of support Moscow offers entrepreneurs today for opening, running and developing their business:

Step 1. Registration. Consultations. Education. Choose one of 15 Business Service Centers (BSC), which are located in all districts of the capital and operate on the basis of the State Budgetary Institution Small Business of Moscow. All services there are provided free of charge. TsUB specialists will help prepare documents for registration as an individual entrepreneur (IP) or in the form of a company with limited liability(OOO). In 2017 alone, consulting support was provided to more than 80 thousand people. Aspiring entrepreneurs will be offered training at the MBM Startup School. The basics of starting and developing your own business successful entrepreneurs and professional business trainers can also be studied online - at the MBM Online Academy. There are two training programs available at the Academy - Start and Progress. The content of the training program is based on best business practices and cases that are relevant in business.

The Central Management Bureau will also advise entrepreneurs on various issues of doing business: labor and civil legislation, accounting. Here they can prepare an application for the transition of an enterprise to a simplified or patent system taxation.

Step 2. Choose premises for doing business. The center staff will help you get acquainted with various options and tell you about renting on preferential terms of non-residential areas owned by the city of Moscow. Today, the initial preferential rental rate for such premises is 4.5 thousand rubles per sq. m. m per year and 1 thousand rubles per 1 sq. m per year for premises located in the basement. The Central Management Office will help you with information about the availability of vacant premises in city technology parks. There are more than 30 technology parks with various industry specializations in the capital. In addition, if at the beginning of your business journey you do not need large areas, you can receive for a period from one day to 12 months workplace in one of the six co-working centers of the State Budgetary Institution “Small Business of Moscow”.

Step 3. Decide on financing. CUB specialists will advise on sources of obtaining business financing at different stages of its development, and will invite entrepreneurs to visit special educational programs and events where representatives of financial institutions speak. From the city side today the following types of activities are carried out: financial support, all details on them will be provided to the Central Management Center:

• Subsidy programs, among them subsidies for compensation of interest rates on loans and leasing payments, for compensation of costs for the purchase of equipment, as well as for participation in congress and exhibition events, and others. If your organization meets the conditions and requirements for grants, they will help you prepare a set of documents and fill out an application.
• Warranty support program in the Capital Small Business Lending Fund. The fund will help attract loans to successfully operating companies if they do not have enough of their own collateral (collateral) for creditors. You can submit an application to the Fund or through the Central Educational Institution. An entrepreneur can independently contact any of the fund’s partner lenders, including 70 banks and 6 leasing companies. The Fund's guarantees cover up to 70% of the loan. Thus, in the first five months of 2018 alone, thanks to this program, entrepreneurs received financing totaling more than 9 billion rubles. It is important to understand that without government support, the lenders would have refused the vast majority of these borrowers.
• Preferential long-term investment loans in the amount of 5 to 100 million rubles, for a period of up to 5 years, the Moscow Fund for the Support of Industry and Entrepreneurship offers companies operating in the production sector, scientific research or developments software at a rate of 5% per annum, and for residents of technology parks and industrial complexes in Moscow at a rate of 2% per annum.
• Financing for startups in the scientific and technical field offered by the capital's Venture Investment Development Fund. The fund provides concessional loans innovative projects, located at the most early stages development and registered in Moscow. To do this, the project initiator must attract funds from a private investor, and then apply for additional financing to the Fund. Today, 57 private investors work with the organization. The co-investor must invest from 50% to 200% depending on the size of the Fund’s loan itself, which can range from 0.5 to 36 million rubles, respectively. The loan term is from 3 to 6 years with a repayment deferment of up to 2 years.

Step 4. Entering the government order market. Moscow pays significant attention to protecting the interests of small and medium-sized businesses when placing government orders: 90% of purchases are carried out in in electronic format. The Moscow government created a showcase of city orders, where 91 thousand suppliers are registered, of which 70% are SME companies, 15 million contracts worth 80 billion rubles were concluded. On the portal you can use the subscription service for purchases of a certain category. Participants in government orders can also receive microloans and guarantee support from the funds already mentioned above.

Step 5. Enter foreign markets. When production in the capital is established, you can safely think about this. The Moscow Export Center will advise on all issues of the export cycle, train foreign economic activity at the Moscow Exporter School, they will help with promotion on the international electronic marketplace Alibaba.com, as well as with international exhibition activities. In the latter case, the center can finance 100% of the costs of participation in the exhibition. One of important tools promotion of Moscow manufacturers is a unified export catalog, which contains over 1.5 thousand product items from more than 500 metropolitan manufacturers. The Industrial and Guarantee Funds will also help with financing for export activities.

Step 6. If you encounter administrative barriers when doing business in Moscow, then in this case the city will help protect your legal rights and interests, it will come to the rescue where it operates hotline+7 495 620-20-45 SOS.SHTAB@website

Entrepreneurs can additionally receive information about these and other areas of support at special financial conferences held by the State Budgetary Institution “Small Business of Moscow” in the series “Finance for Growing Businesses” and #MoscowforBusiness, for which you can register on the portal mbm.ru

In Moscow, there are various programs to help small businesses: from providing rental benefits office premises before guaranteeing loans.

Support for small businesses in Moscow in 2015 is especially relevant, since entrepreneurship is experiencing better times. The consumer market is shrinking, and instability in the monetary and financial sphere complicates activity planning. At the same time, to this day, various programs are in place that allow newly created companies to receive favorable conditions for starting and minimize their costs.

Type of assistance: Assistance to SB lending

• Organization: MBM Lending Assistance Fund of the relevant Department
• The essence of support: Loan guarantee
• Conditions for receiving: To receive support, an entrepreneur must apply to a partner bank for a loan and receive a positive decision, but with the condition of an additional guarantee. Then financial institution independently applies to the Fund, which is able to provide security up to 50% of the loan amount. After just 3 days, a decision is made on whether the MB representative will receive credit or not.

Who can become a participant?

Type of assistance: Subsidy for financial and economic activities

• Organization: State Budgetary Institution "MB of Moscow"
• The essence of support: Providing free assistance
• Conditions for receiving: To receive assistance, you should contact the State Budgetary Institution “Moscow City Hospital”, or send an application by mail. The participant needs to collect a package of documents, including an application, a copy of the charter, an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, a certificate of no debt to the state and extra-budgetary funds, copies of licenses and permits of the SRO for this type of organization, a business plan, information about the premises used (rent or ownership).
• Intended Use: The subsidy can be used for various needs, and in a few months the results will be reported.

The maximum amount of assistance is no more than half a million rubles.

Who can become a participant?

An organization or individual entrepreneur created no more than 2 years ago, with up to 250 employees and revenue of less than 1,000,000,000 rubles. The organization's share must be at least 75% owned by Russian citizens. To receive assistance, a company (IP) must be “registered” in Moscow, have no debts on taxes and fees, loans, or overdue obligations to creditors.

Type of assistance: Subsidy for exhibition activities

• Organization: State Budgetary Institution "MB of Moscow"
• The essence of support: One-time provision of up to 300 thousand rubles for participation in the exhibition
• Conditions for receiving: To participate in the program, you should contact the authorities of the State Budgetary Institution “Moscow City Hospital” in person or through email, providing a number of documents, including an application, a copy of the charter, an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, an annual financial statements with a tax mark, copies of agreements on the company’s participation in the exhibition.

Who can become a participant?

A legal entity (IP), registered and operating in Moscow, employing no more than 250 employees, with revenues of up to 1 billion rubles, which does not engage in intermediary, trading or agency work. It should also not have debts on taxes or loans, and the organization itself should not be involved in the trade of excisable goods or participate in receiving other subsidies from the city of Moscow.

Type of assistance: Investments in startups

• Organization:"Fund for Promoting the Development of Venture Investments..."
• The essence of support: Providing funds to innovative companies.
• Conditions for receiving: The loan, provided at one and a half times the refinancing rate, is issued for a period of no more than 3 years. The loan amount that a participant can count on is from 0.5 to 8 million rubles. In this case, the participant needs to find an investor, and the Fund will provide the amount of borrowing 2 times that allocated by the private lender. The collateral is a share in innovative enterprise.

  The entrepreneur's algorithm of actions is as follows:

  1. Select an investor from among accredited organizations.
  2. Reach an agreement with the borrower and prepare a joint appeal to the Fund. Application required constituent documents innovative company, cost estimate, business plan, project presentation and some other papers.
  3. Presentation of the project at the Foundation office.
  4. Receipt of funds after concluding a pledge agreement.

Who can become a participant?

Enterprises belonging to the category of scientific and technical sphere, registered in the city of Moscow.

Type of assistance: Coworking

• Organization: State Budgetary Institution "MB of Moscow", club "Delovar", center "Start Hub" and other companies
• The essence of support: Providing open space for presentations, negotiations, staff training and other needs
• Conditions for receiving: By paying a certain cost for renting a business space, you can get either a dedicated workplace for the required period of time (from one day to a month), a conference room, or a presentation area. Such organizations always have the Internet, opportunities for doing business (office equipment, telephone-fax), an area for relaxation and lunch, postal services, and also lockers for storing personal belongings.

Who can become a participant?

Any business representative, including an individual entrepreneur, freelancer, start-up company.

Want to know what coworking is? What are its advantages over a traditional office? Then watch the video:

Type of assistance: Free legal assistance during registration

• Organization: State Budgetary Institution "MB of Moscow"
• The essence of support: Legal support in preparing documents for registration of a legal form
• Conditions for receiving: Using the electronic form, you can register an LLC, individual entrepreneur, and draw up an agreement. Having selected the appropriate section, you need to enter your data, including TIN, and scan the documents required for this purpose.

Who can become a participant?

Any person (group of businessmen) who plans to carry out work in Moscow and has a Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) can receive legal assistance. It is worth noting that at the time of writing, the service was provided in test mode.

So, support for small businesses in Moscow in 2015 is being carried out quite actively, at least there are quite a few existing programs. In addition, there are many local and short-term promotions that provide assistance to beginning businessmen: consultations, legal support, discounts.

Today, not all people are satisfied with hired work - a small income that cannot be regulated independently. To get maximum profit, many decide to open their own business. It can be controlled, take an active part in any transformations, develop and expand. But any business, even a small one, requires initial capital. For those who do not have enough funds to create an enterprise, the state is ready to provide financial and organizational assistance.

What kind of government assistance can small businesses expect?

Russia has adopted a program according to which everyone who decides to become an entrepreneur has a chance to receive a financial state. assistance to small businesses, completely free of charge. Size monetary compensation has certain limits that differ depending on different regions. Many people have the right to receive such a subsidy, but due to objective circumstances and subjective reasons, not everyone can secure such support. In addition to financial assistance, funds for which come from the state budget, aspiring entrepreneurs are offered property assistance. This means the state’s willingness to lease certain property to small businesses at low rates or even free of charge: real estate, technical equipment, land use facilities, etc.

Limitations of the government assistance program

Not every entrepreneur can count on assistance from the state in developing a small business. For example, if a person has been registered as an entrepreneur for more than one year, he is no longer subject to this program. Great importance has the field of activity of small businesses, because specially created commissions necessarily consider each application and do not respond positively to everyone. The entrepreneur is also required to have own money necessary to start a business. The state will be able to compensate from 40 to 60% of the costs, and often this amount does not exceed 300,000 rubles; the rest will have to be paid from your own wallet. Of course, these are to purchase equipment and create a competitive enterprise, but it is not profitable for the state to fully sponsor businessmen. This is only partial assistance from the state to small businesses, which gives it the opportunity to control the small business system.

Articles for receiving subsidies under government programs

The small business assistance program in Russia includes several articles that involve receiving a subsidy:

• opening an enterprise;
• opening a business;
• rental of premises;
• purchase of equipment and computer equipment;
• obtaining a license;
• training of specialists;
• participation in advertising campaigns and exhibitions.

Consultation on these issues can be obtained at employment centers and specialized centers. The regional administration must provide residents with the addresses of these branches.

How to get financial support

If you have already thought about starting your own business, but do not have the necessary amount of money, then you can get help from the state for small businesses. First you need to draw up a business plan and submit it to the employment center for consideration. The amount of the subsidy issued by this organization is 58,800 rubles. (4900 rubles - monthly multiplied by 12 months). The procedure for reviewing a business plan and allocating money can take up to 6 months.

What is needed to receive start-up capital from the state

Firstly, that is, have unemployed status. To do this, you will need the following documents:

• passport,
• employment history,
• educational documents, certificates and diplomas,
• pension insurance certificate,
• a completed form confirming the average salary for 3 months at the last place of work.

Note that the following are not unemployed:

• citizens under 16 years of age;
• women on maternity leave;
• full-time students;
• old age pensioners;
• citizens working employment contract or registered as an LLC or individual entrepreneur;
• disabled people from non-working groups.

Next, at the employment center you need to write an application to receive a subsidy from the state for the development of small businesses. Think through in detail and draw up detailed business plan, containing many calculations, graphs and tables. Once approved, you must register as entity(organize an LLC or individual entrepreneur). The tax office will give you a list of documents, copies of which you need to provide. After this, the agreed funds will be credited to your bank account, which can be withdrawn and purchased. necessary equipment specified in the business plan.

Very important point: the employment center will need to provide a financial report, which should reflect all costs for equipment, wages employees, contributions to the tax and Pension Fund. If you received financial assistance small businesses from the state must be responsible for every penny spent from this amount.

Other government assistance options

Possible assistance from the state to small businesses consists not only of issuing money for the creation of an enterprise, it can be repayment of interest on an already taken out loan or the bank issuing a new loan with a reduced interest rate. Today, many banks issue loans to entrepreneurs, and they, in turn, prefer to contact the bank. After all, in this case, they will not have to report where they spent the funds received; they just need to pay a certain amount on time.

The state also organizes so-called business incubators, where you can get qualified assistance both in drawing up a business plan and in teaching employees new skills in organizing and running their business. In addition, in these centers you can rent a room inexpensively and place all your employees there, so they can always turn to experienced professionals for help.

Each of us has the opportunity to receive help and support from the state to create and develop our own business; all that remains is to decide on the direction of activity.