The manual is intended for self-preparation of schoolchildren for the exam in literature. It includes material for preparing for tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences based on the submitted text, as well as for an essay on a given topic, formulated in the form of a problematic question.
The manual reveals the technology for writing these types of written work, gives the tasks "Test yourself" (with answers) on all topics of the literature course that are part of the Unified State Examination, as well as reference material, including the terms necessary for both short answers to questions, and when performing tasks with a detailed answer. In addition, the manual contains a codifier of the elements of the content of the exam in literature; the criteria for checking and evaluating the performance of tasks are given.
The publication is intended for teachers, methodologists and high school students who are preparing to pass the exam in literature.

Examples.
What is the name of the literary direction, in accordance with the rules of which in the comedy D.I. Fonvizin "Undergrowth" are the speaking names and surnames of the characters used?

In The Captain's Daughter, Pushkin describes Pugachev's appearance as follows: “... he was about forty, medium height, thin and broad-shouldered. Gray hair showed in his black beard, lively big eyes ran around. What is this description called in the literature?

It is known that for the novel "Eugene Onegin" Pushkin came up with a special system of dividing the text, based on grouping the same number of poetic lines according to a certain principle: these are groups of 14 lines of iambic tetrameter, consisting of three quatrains with different rhyming systems (cross, adjacent, encircling rhymes) and the final couplet. How did they call this division of the poetic text?

Content
Introduction
Preparation for the exam in literature: strategy and tactics
What knowledge is tested at the exam in literature
What is a Content Element Codifier?
How to repeat literary-theoretical concepts
check yourself
How to repeat literary works
check yourself
Preparation for tasks with a detailed answer
Evaluation criteria: for which points are reduced
Preparation for tasks 8-9 and 15-16
check yourself
Preparation for assignments 17.1, 17.2, 17.3
Classification of speech errors
Tasks
check yourself
Generalizing tasks
Option 1
Option 2
Brief Dictionary of Literary Terms
Answers
Applications
Attachment 1
Codifier of elements of content and requirements for the level of training of graduates of general educational institutions for conducting a unified state
Literature exam
Annex 2
Criteria for checking and evaluating the performance of tasks with a detailed answer.

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The methodology for passing the exam changes every year. Specialists invent new ways to determine the level of knowledge of students, develop a list of questions, updating their topics, change the number of compulsory subjects. This state of affairs is extremely alarming and frightening for future graduates, because they also need to know what to prepare for and what to expect from the exam that is important for their lives.

In our article, we will describe the main stages of passing Unified State Examination in Literature 2017 year, as well as announce possible changes that will affect this exam.

the date of the

There is not much time left before the main school exams. The time is not far off when “we only dream of peace”, and mountains of textbooks on various subjects gather on the desk. Of course, preparing for the exam takes a lot of free time, effort and nerves. The preliminary schedule for future exams has already been drawn up and it looks like this:

• Early stage — March 24, 2017. The reserve day of the early stage is April 3, 2017.
• The main stage is June 13, 2017, and the reserve day is fixed for June 20, 2017.

Compulsory subjects submitted to the Unified State Examination 2017

This is the most burning topic, rapidly moving from one student to another. Many schoolchildren are worried that the list of compulsory subjects will expand significantly and they will have to vegetate even more time for textbooks, instead of a well-deserved rest after school.

To date, there is no final list of new compulsory subjects, because officials had several disciplines under consideration: from history to physics.

• - Required for admission to any university in the country.
• Mathematics - the exam is divided into two levels (basic and specialized).

USE in literature: possible changes

Closer to 2018, the literature exam should be radically revised and some of its points will be radically changed. In particular, the experts intend to completely remove tasks with short answers, leaving only small essays and one full-fledged one.

However, it is still too early to sound the alarm and be terribly afraid of the end of the year - the Unified State Examination in Literature in 2017 will come according to the usual pattern for everyone:

• 1 block - Smyslovy. Here, students are presented with a short excerpt from an epic or dramatic work with 7 questions on its content (short). In addition, the graduate must write a couple of mini-essays on a given topic.
• Block 2 - A lyrical work with several questions to it, as well as two mini-compositions.
• Block 3 - A detailed essay on any of the three given topics.

However, small changes will still occur. They will concern the construction of questions - they will focus on knowledge of the realities of the text, and not on knowledge of the basic literary terms. It follows from this that it is not enough to have a narrow knowledge of literature in order to pass the exam.

I would also like to focus on another feature of the exam in literature - on poems. As a rule, students hope that in the forms they will find a poetic work of a certain author from the school curriculum.

However, based on the rules of KIMS, if the poet was included in the codifier, then any of his works can be submitted for analysis at the exam. This is a fairly correct approach, because during the final test, the graduate must show in a mini-essay how correctly he can analyze, without referring to the pages of textbooks.

Already in 2016, “non-school” poems could be found in many versions of KIMs, so in 2017 this move will definitely be repeated.

Final essay

For a good assessment in this block, it is not enough just to take and state your thoughts on paper. It is necessary to carefully consider each proposal, correctly format and express your opinion in a clear and simple way. Spelling and punctuation errors attract the attention of reviewers, so they should be avoided.

In addition, each student should try to fully reveal the given topic, using not only their own life examples, but also arguments from the field of literature. The structure of the text should look like this: introduction, some arguments and examples, conclusion.

In order for the final essay to be of high quality, the list of works that are submitted to the Unified State Examination in Literature is already available to the graduate. After reading them, as well as getting acquainted with additional information about the author, the history of writing, key points and other details, you are sure to write a worthy work that deserves the highest rating.

Evaluation scale

In 2017, to pass the threshold for this exam, you need to score only 36 points. It is not so difficult to earn them - it is enough to solve 9 tasks (from 1 to 7, 10 and 11). In accordance with the five-point scale, the primary / test scores are as follows:

Preparation for the exam in literature

Any graduate would dream of seeing the coveted "Five" in the certificate, but not everyone is given the opportunity to pass exams for high marks. Only those who do not spare their own time and effort, spend them on preparation, endlessly leafing through auxiliary literature, have every chance of getting "Excellent". Preparation for the exam can be done in various ways:

• Pass the demo version of the exam over and over again.
• Familiarize yourself with questions using tests that are similar to those that will be submitted to the exam.
• Contact tutors.

Whichever of the proposed options you choose, you must remember that without a certain amount of knowledge, none of them will work. Read more, analyze, try to compose essays, and then you are guaranteed to pass the exam successfully.

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Questions 9,16…

The theme of "fathers and children" in Russian literature

In what works of Russian classics is the theme of “fathers and children” reflected, and in what way do these works have something in common with The Quiet Don by M. Sholokhov?A. Griboedov "Woe from Wit" (Molchalin lives in accordance with the code formulated by his father), A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" (father's testament "Take care of honor from a young age"), N. Gogol "Dead Souls" (Chichikov implements testament of the father "Copy a penny"), I. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons", L. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The origins of the character and the spiritual world of the central image - the character; conflict between generations and ideologies; "dialectics" of the relationship between "fathers and children"; universal problems; family and extra-family ties; "private life" and the movement of history.

The theme of creativity in Russian literature

In what works of Russian writers is the theme of creativity touched upon and what brings them closer to M. Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita?A. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" (the author about the creation of his novel), N. Gogol "Dead Souls" (the author's lyrical digression about the writer: "Happy is the writer who ..."), S. Dovlatov "Suitcase", "Branch" . Author's reflection on his own creativity; the problem of the relationship between the artist and the crowd, the artist and the authorities; “drama of misunderstanding; affirmation of inspiration and freedom of creativity; skill problem; creativity as a special, "other" reality, not subject to the earthly existence of man; tradition and innovation in creativity; means of embodying the artistic concept of the author.

Types of Problem Heroes in Russian Literature

In what works of Russian writers are contradictory, restless heroes presented, and what brings them closer to Pechorin from M. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time"?F. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" (Raskolnikov), I. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" (Bazarov), M. Sholokhov "Quiet Don" (Melekhov). Social-philosophical and moral problems; features of the conflict (external - internal); the tragic nature of the conflict between ideologies, social strata; psychologism as a means of creating a central image - a character; correlation of theoretical ideas and their practical expression; the idea of ​​the harmony of being, universal unity against the background of apparent inconsistency; humanity, humanism as the main criterion for evaluating the mental and practical activity of a person; author's position and forms of its expression.

Which of the Russian writers portrayed heroes-entrepreneurs? N. Gogol "Dead Souls" (Chichikov), I. Goncharov "Oblomov" (Stolz), A. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard" (Lopakhin), L. Tolstoy "War and Peace" (Berg). With all the differences, in the characters of the named characters, similarities can be distinguished: movement towards the goal, efficiency, practical energy; rationality, selfishness, lack of "balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit"; lack of social ideal; closed in on self-interest. The author's desire to "show the physiognomy of society", the search for a "hero of time"; analysis of existing life forms; the author's "longing" for the harmonic, connecting the spiritual and practical energy of the personality, in which the "mind and heart are together."

In what works of Russian classics are heroes like Prince Andrei and Pierre depicted, and what brings them closer to the heroes of War and Peace?A. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin", I. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" (Bazarov), F. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" (Raskolnikov). The main characters are the heroes of the "path"; characters are self-valuable personalities; individual self-affirmation of a person is detrimental to his personality; The world of novels by Dostoevsky and Tolstoy<…>is built on mutually directed movement and interest in each other of the individual and the people ”(V. Nedzvetsky); search for answers to "eternal questions"; evolution; Napoleon's "authority" for Onegin, Bolkonsky and Raskolnikov; movement towards "living life"; originality of psychologism; love in the lives of heroes; correlation of theory and "living life"; the fusion of various characters in a nationwide type; techniques and means of revealing the central images-characters.

Which of the Russian writers addressed the theme of the "little man"? A. Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman" (Eugene) and "The Stationmaster" (Samson Vyrin), M. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" (Maxim Maksimych), N. Gogol "The Overcoat" (Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin), F. Dostoevsky "Crime and punishment "(Semyon Marmeladov). Justifications for comparison: writers refer to the creation of the same type of problematic hero - the "little man" (socially offended, humiliated by society, crushed by poverty, offended); image of the inner world of the "little man"; humanism as the basis of the author's position ("... and called for mercy for the fallen ...").

In the works of which writers the problem of "chameleonism" was touched upon, and in what ways can their works be compared with A. Chekhov's "Chameleon"?A. Griboedov "Woe from Wit", N. Gogol "The Government Inspector", A. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm" A. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" (a story about Famusov's uncle Maxim Petrovich, who managed to reverse an absolutely losing situation ("... fell, yes so that I almost hit the back of my head”) into a winning one for myself, deliberately falling twice more and receiving compensation for this “chameleonism” in the form of a special disposition of the amused empress);

N. Gogol "The Inspector General" ("chameleonism" is manifested in the behavior of officials: what is socially higher excites servility and unaccountable fear; the officials' fear of the auditor organizes the course of events in a comedy);

A. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm" (the hypocrisy and hypocrisy of the Kabanikhi "clothes the poor, but completely seized the household"; hiding behind religion and caring for others, suppresses the will; driven by fear of losing her power over others). Justifications for comparison: “chameleonism” as a way and form of existence of a person who is ready to constantly, for the sake of circumstances, change his views to the opposite ones; respect and servility towards superiors; servility; the terrible power of frozen norms and ideas that encourage a person to think and act according to the standard; author's debunking of false ideas; author's position.

Which of the Russian writers addressed the topic of "undergrowth" and what is the similarity of their portrayal? D. Fonvizin "Undergrowth", A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", I. Goncharov "Oblomov" (Oblomov's dream). Image of a noble family; signs of noble culture; features of education (young Petrusha Grinev, like Mitrofanushka, chases pigeons over the roofs; a former French hairdresser and a Prussian soldier come to Russia to "teach", etc.).

Mitrofanushka's name has become a household name (this is the name given to young people who know nothing and do not want to know or do anything). "Undergrowth" Petrusha Grinev turns out to be the bearer of the best traditions of noble culture - self-esteem, honor, loyalty.

What brings the old woman Izergil closer to the heroes of the stories she told?

M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil". Izergil, as the heroine of a romantic work, carries in her character a “single beginning”, which she considers the most valuable: she is sure that the content of her whole life was love for people. Such “only beginnings”, brought to the maximum extent, are also carried by the heroes of the legends she told: Danko embodies the extreme degree of self-sacrifice in the name of love for people, Larra - extreme individualism. Talking about Larra and Danko, Izergil also talks about herself. Even the portrait of the old woman combines the features of both Danko and Larra. “I, like a sunbeam, was alive ...” - an obvious parallel with Danko; "dry lips", "dry ... skin" - details that echo the features of Larra's appearance, in which "the sun has dried up ... the body, blood and bones." "Shadow" is a common motif in the description of Larra and Izergil. Loneliness is the common fate of Larra, Izergil, and Danko. Individualism taken to the extreme, indifference to people she met on the way (a fisherman, a little Turk, etc.), bring Izergil closer to Larra, although the old woman herself cannot even think of such a rapprochement.

What works of Russian classics depict personality types like Danko and Larra? M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil", F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", A.I. Kuprin "Olesya", V.V. Mayakovsky "Cloud in Pants", L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace", works of military prose of the second halfXXcentury. Larra's egocentrism and his superiority over those around him prompt us to recall the idea of ​​a "superman" and the theory of Raskolnikov's "strong personality", debunked by the author; Danko's altruism, his ability to resist circumstances, a feat in the name of love for people, the image of a burning heart are to some extent reflected in Sonechka Marmeladova and Olesya; Mayakovsky's lyrical hero is also similar to Danko ("... I / will pull out your soul, / trample it, / so big! - / and the bloody lady, like a banner"), like Pierre Bezukhov with his determination to "kill Napoleon" and "heroes of feat" from the works of military prose of the second halfXX century.

Man and war in Russian literature

In what works of Russian classics does the theme of a man in war sound, and what brings these works closer to L. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace"?V. Bykov "Sotnikov", V. Grossman "Life and Fate", M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man", V. Kondratiev "Sashka" and others. Depiction of war as a human tragedy; the problem of moral choice; psychologism; deromanticization, overcoming the ceremonial idea of ​​war and military feat, anti-aestheticism; humanism; patriotism.

Satirical images in Russian literature

What works of Russian writers reflect the morals of officials and what brings these works closer to N. Gogol's play The Inspector General?A. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", M. Saltykov-Shchedrin "History of a City", V. Mayakovsky "Seated", M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita". Mechanistic, "formalized" behavior of officials (Orenburg officials in the story "The Captain's Daughter"); incompatibility of the idea of ​​statehood and the idea of ​​humanity; bureaucracy; violation of moral laws; means of satirical typification (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, V. Mayakovsky, M. Bulgakov): hyperbole, grotesque, fantasy.

Man and nature in Russian literature

In what works of Russian writers are images of Russian nature displayed, and what brings these works closer to the corresponding pages of A. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin"?I. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, L. Tolstoy “War and Peace”, M. Sholokhov “Quiet Flows the Don”, V. Astafiev “Tsar-Fish”, V. Rasputin “Farewell to Matyora”, etc. Correlation between natural and human life; psychological parallelism; landscape as a means of characterizing the characters; social landscape; philosophical landscape; natural philosophy; plot-forming function of the landscape; the symbolic meaning of the landscape.

The theme of the duel in Russian literature

Which of the Russian writers addressed the topic of the duel? A. Pushkin "Shot" and "Eugene Onegin", M. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time", I. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons", A. Chekhov "Duel", A. Kuprin "Duel". The theme of the duel is of interest to writers primarily because it allows him to create an extreme situation in which the social conflict and character of the hero are most fully revealed; a duel as a duel of dissimilar characters and as a duel of ideas; psychological analysis of the personality of a hero who has passed the test of a duel.

The image of the city in Russian literature

In what works of Russian classics does the city become the subject of artistic representation? A. Pushkin "The Bronze Horseman", N. Gogol "The Overcoat" (Petersburg), F. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", A. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm" (Kalinov), M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" (Yershalaim, Moscow) . a) Petersburg - "dead", "the most fantastic city", endowed with a gloomy mystical power, oppressive personality. Ceremonial Petersburg contrasts with its seamy side. This city is a special spiritual space, where everything acquires a symbolic and psychological meaning.

b) Gogol's Petersburg is a world of incredible incidents, absurdity, everyday fantasy.

c) The fictitious city of Kalinov (“Thunderstorm” by Ostrovsky) is depicted in detail and in many ways. Kalinov is controversial. On the one hand, this is a wonderful place on the banks of the Volga. On the other hand, life in a city dominated by "cruel morals" is terrible. The owners of the city are not capable of subjugating the beauty of nature.

d) Moscow in the 1920s - the city where the picaresque adventures of Woland and his retinue, who arrived with the "revision" of the new world, take place.

The city in the works of Russian writers is not a background against which the action unfolds, but one of the heroes of the novel; independent artistic image. The city is the metonymy of the state; a spatial image that has a symbolic meaning.

The motif of sleep in Russian literature

What is the function of Peter Grinev's dream (A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter") and which of the Russian writers turned to the image of dreams?V.A. Zhukovsky "Svetlana", A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" (Tatyana Larina's dream), I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" ("Oblomov's Dream"), N.G. Chernyshevsky "What to do?" (dreams of Vera Pavlovna), F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" (Raskolnikov's dreams). Pyotr Grinev himself calls the dream he saw "prophetic". Many small details connect the dream with the real future: for example, the “black beard” of the leader, which will be mentioned for the first time immediately after the description of the dream, and the words of the tramp addressed to the owner of the inn (“Now plug the ax behind your back: the forester walks” ), and the requirement to “kiss the hand” of the sovereign-man as an oath. And just like in a dream, there are many dead bodies of people close to the hero. Grinev's dream is an allegory of future events, their prophetic scheme.

Dreams have long been used in fiction to create a mysterious atmosphere, motivate the actions of characters, convey their emotional state (psychologism). Since the time of ancient Russian literature, dreams have warned of dangers, served as signs, helped, instructed, gave rest and at the same time tempted, tested, put before a choice. Dreams perform retrospective and prognostic functions, participate in the creation of the chronotope of the work. They absorb all three tenses: they show pictures of the past, present and future, thereby pushing the spatio-temporal boundaries of the text. Dreams can serve as a memory function. Thus, dreams in works of fiction are polyfunctional.

The theme of national history in Russian literature

Which of the Russian poets addressed the theme of Russian history, and in what ways are their works comparable to A. Blok's poem "On the Kulikovo Field"?

M. Lermontov "Borodino", S. Yesenin "Soviet Russia", A. Akhmatova "Requiem", A. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin". The involvement of heroes in the cycle of socio-historical events; a high sense of responsibility for everything that happens on earth; love to motherland; the theme of the historical path, faith in the power of Russia and the ability to revive; the unity of the lyrical hero (heroine) and the motherland; the relationship between the path of the poet and the path of Russia; historical understanding of modernity; philosophy of history; the relationship of the past and present of Russia; lyrical hero (heroine): poet, warrior, patriot; historical parallels; artistic imagery.

USE 2017 Literature Erokhin's typical test tasks

M.: 2017. - 72 p.

Typical test tasks in literature contain 10 options for sets of tasks, compiled taking into account all the features and requirements of the Unified State Exam. The purpose of the manual is to provide readers with information about the structure and content of KIM in literature, the degree of difficulty of tasks. The collection contains answers to all test options and provides the performance of all tasks of one of the options. In addition, examples of forms used in the exam for recording answers and decisions are given. The manual is intended for teachers to prepare students for the exam in literature, and for high school students for self-training and self-control.

Format: pdf

The size: 1.6 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

CONTENT
Option 1
Part 1 7
Part 2 12
Option 2
Part 1 13
Part 2 18
Option 3
Part 1 19
Part 2 23
Option 4
Part 1 24
Part 2 29
Option 5
Part 1 30
Part 2 35
Option 6
Part 1 36
Part 2 42
Option 7
Part 1 43
Part 2 47
Option 8
Part 1 48
Part 2 53
Option 9
Part 1 54
Part 2 59
Option 10
Part 1 60
Part 2 64
Commentary on option 6 65
Part 1 65
Part 2 68
Answers 70

The examination paper in literature consists of 2 parts, including 17 tasks. 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination paper in literature.
Part 1 includes two sets of tasks. The first set of tasks refers to a fragment of an epic, or lyrical epic, or dramatic work: 7 tasks with a short answer (1-7) and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences (8, 9).
The second set of tasks relates to the analysis of a lyrical work: 5 tasks with a short answer (10-14) and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences (15, 16).
The answer to tasks 1-7 and 10-14 is a sequence of numbers or a word (phrase). Write the answer in the answer field in the text of the work without spaces, commas and other additional characters, and then transfer it to the answer form No. 1.
Part 2 includes 3 tasks (17.1-17.3), from which you need to choose only ONE and give a detailed reasoned answer to it in the genre of an essay on a literary topic with a volume of at least 200 words.
We recommend that you allocate no more than 2 hours to complete the tasks of part 1, and the rest of the time to complete the task of part 2.
All USE forms are filled in with bright black ink. The use of gel, capillary or fountain pens is allowed.
When completing assignments, you can use a draft. Draft entries do not count towards the assessment of the work.
The points you get for completed tasks are summed up. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the most points.