Flat roof. Repair and reconstruction of flat roofing. Flat roof repair: the most common options Repairing holes on a flat roof

That's why she's so popular.

The convenience of its use lies in the emergence of additional meters of room space.

As well as reducing the amount of material for coating, ease of installation, ability to preserve large quantity heat and much more.

If necessary, it is possible to repair a flat roof without the help of a special team, but it is worth knowing all the nuances of the process.

When covering a roof with bitumen-containing materials, you should know that it requires regular inspection. In addition, minor damage to the coating is much easier to fix and repair than to carry out more serious repairs.

If the base material rots, water begins to leak inside the roof, which is very unpleasant for living in such a house. It is important to detect a leak in time.

To determine the need for repairs, the surface of the coating should be inspected. If the roof is pitched, then in addition to the material itself, It’s better to check from the attic side and the rafter system.

Mainly coverings flat roof vulnerable to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation, can begin to rot and become damaged when exposed to high temperatures, therefore During the inspection you need to pay attention to:

• The presence of delaminations or swellings on the surface;
• The presence of cracks, abrasions, cracking, and generally any violation of the integrity of the material;
• Violation of the tightness of joints and seams;
• Existing depressions in the plane, which serve as a source of moisture accumulation.

There are two repair options that soft roofing may require:

• Minor repairs;
• Capital.

The need for major repairs arises if:

• Minimum parapet height violated. This becomes an obstacle to ensuring the necessary overlap on the layers of waterproofing materials. As a result, the tightness of the roofing is broken;
• The ventilation device is broken, which leads to the accumulation of vapors under the surface of the coating and the accumulation of moisture in the layer;
• Roof material displacement. This problem must be eliminated as soon as possible; the roofing layers, moving, lose their functions.

ATTENTION!

If there are several visible damages to the roof surface, in most cases the problem can be solved by minor repairs.

Frequently occurring defects

Material selection

After the roof area has been inspected and the scope of future repairs has been determined, it is worth making a list of materials that will be required for the work.

How good will the coating restoration be? largely depends on the correct choice of material for this.

You should choose it based on the following points:

• Choose brands from manufacturers who have already have managed to prove themselves;
• The materials have positive reviews from consumers;
• The price range must be affordable all segments of the population;
• The material is easy to use;
• Characteristics of strength and reliability at a high level;
• They have a long service life.

From more popular materials that are used in the repair process can be distinguished:

• Bitumen-polymer material;
• Flat type of membrane tile;
• Roll material;
• Flexible tiles.

In addition to the main type of materials, additional ones will be needed., these include:

• Middling rubber;
• Nails;
• Lathing;
• Plywood;
• Cement for screed;
• Bitumen;
• Thermal insulation and;
• Reiki;
• Rubber seals;

Bitumen-polymer material

Flat variety of membrane tiles

Flexible tiles

Minor repair process

The process of minor repairs also has its own installation features, depending on the size of the damaged areas. When installing a flat roof, the material is laid in layers, fastening them together with a bitumen mixture or mastic.

When bubbles form on the coating, this indicates that the middle of the coating began to delaminate and this problem needs to be addressed urgently.

Previously very importantthoroughlyexamine the area for moisture. If there is moisture in it, then it is very important to find the area through which moisture is seeping and replace it with a new one.

If there is no water in the area, then it is enough to attach a patch. This principle is used to determine the nature and method of minor repairs in the event of any damage.

Damage in a small area is eliminated as follows:

1. Initially calculate the distance from material that protects roofing felt from sunlight.
2. After that cut the swollen surface crosswise with a knife so that it is in the center of the problem area.
3. After that conduct a surface inspection under the coating for moisture.
4. If the surface is dry, then carry out the procedure of attaching a patch, if not, then leave it to dry or use a hair dryer for such purposes.
5. After the surface has dried, use a spatula mastic is applied under the edges of the material. Ruberoid is attached on top using pressing movements, after which a similar manipulation is repeated with the second layer and the material is secured with nails.
6. Further cut out the appropriate size patch, on the outer side of which mastic is applied and applied to the problem area.
7. For reliability, nail the patch using plaster nails and apply mastic on top along the contour.

Mastic in last stage The process should also be applied to nail heads.

If the surface of the leaky roof is large enough, then repair apartment building carried out as follows:

1. The surface area is completely cut out, covering all problem areas around the perimeter, while counting the number of layers that will need to be laid.
2. After that cut out several patches(depending on the layers counted) equal in size to the cut area.
3. Further lay the material in layers, applying mastic along the contour of each of them. Laying is carried out end-to-end, pressing on the roofing material with the maximum possible force.
4. It is necessary to lay layers until they are equal in height to the rest of the coating, after which another patch is cut out, but this time exceeding the size of the part of the roof being repaired.
5. Mastic is also applied to the last patch along the perimeter, applied to the roof surface and fixed with slate nails.

Minor repairs

Overhaul process

Major repairs also have their differences depending on the type of repair.

Repair may be as follows:

• Complete replacement of the roof covering;
• Update roofing material and equipping the roof with additional insulating materials;
• Refurbishment roofing structure and creating a different slope angle.

The overhaul option depends on the problem and the type of construction of the entire roof. The overhaul process is as follows, taking into account the need to completely replace the material and supplement it with insulation:

• Dismantling a flat roof. They begin to disassemble the roof with all its constituent elements and layers. To make it easier to navigate the process, it is worth imagining the reverse sequence of installation of the structure. Initially, they remove ebbs, aerators, aprons, etc.. After this, they begin to clean all layers of the roof covering. Remove concrete screed and insulation.
• Installation new roof.

The process of installing a new roof is carried out in the following sequence:

• First install beacons to be able to lay the concrete mixture;
• After that line the insulation;
• For insulation material lay out reinforced mesh, after which the screed is poured, the thickness of which should be approximately 4 cm;
• Lay out in several layers;
• Attach: parapet, belts.

Additional equipment with insulation materials is necessary in case of unsatisfactory heat conservation or low level of insulation.

ATTENTION!

If there is a need to add insulation material, then After dismantling the covering, the insulating material is removed and panels with a wedge-shaped profile are attached. A waterproofing film is laid on top of the insulation.

If a decision is made to provide additional insulation to the roof by laying it on top of the surface, then the process is as follows:

• Initially, a waterproofing film is laid, on top of which polyurethane foam is laid;
• To ensure secure attachment to the roof, a gravel cushion is installed on top, which is not only a load, but will also provide protective properties to the coating from exposure to ultraviolet rays.

Roof removal

Flat roof repair in winter

In some cases, it may happen that repairs need to be done in winter period.

Of course, if the situation is such that urgent repairs cannot be avoided, then they need to be done.

But if the reconstruction of the coating can wait, then it is better to abstain until more favorable conditions . In winter, having decided to make repairs, It is worth keeping in mind the following features of the process:

1. The biggest difficulty is weather. It is necessary to approach each stage very carefully and competently. so as not to end up with poor-quality repairs.
2. When starting to reconstruct the coating areas, it is necessary to keep them dry and prevent moisture from getting between the layers of roofing material.
3. In light of the above, It's better to have a heat gun on hand. With its help, it will be easier to maintain the desired temperature level and install the roof covering correctly.

Roof repair in winter

Conclusion

Repair process soft roof If necessary, it is not difficult to do it yourself. It is worthwhile to approach this issue carefully from the first stage, choose the right material and a high-quality result is guaranteed.

Useful video

In this video you will learn how to make repairs using mastic:

Repair of flat roofs is becoming more and more in demand these days, since such a roof structure is very widespread not only in multi-story buildings, but also in individual construction. Its benefits are quite obvious. A flat roof with a small angle of inclination allows not only to save thermal energy, reducing the heat transfer area. It allows you to use it for household and economic purposes, thereby increasing usable area the entire building.

Before you begin repairing a flat roof, you must study all the rules and requirements, since mistakes can lead to a shortening of its service life.

However, this use also has negative side. It greatly increases the risk of damage to the roofing, primarily mechanically. Meanwhile, a flat roof, despite its apparent simplicity, is a rather complex structural system.

That is why flat roof repairs must be carried out in strict compliance with a number of rules and recommendations. Their violation can lead to a radical reduction in the service life of the roofing, up to its complete destruction.

Flat roof installation and possible types of damage

Before you begin repairing a flat roof, you need to know its structure. Then the weakest points of this particular structure will be clear, and it will be easier to identify the cause of the roof leak. Usually its design consists of several layers. This is a load-bearing surface, the role of which is a reinforced concrete floor slab, on which a vapor barrier layer is placed, and on it, in turn, insulation.

The latter is most often used mineral wool. A layer of waterproofing is laid on it, which in most cases is played by rolls of roofing felt.

If the roof surface is occupied for economic or domestic needs, a concrete screed is made on top of the waterproofing layer, designed to protect it from mechanical damage. In addition, to prevent moisture condensation from the insulation layer, ventilation holes are vented outside, covered with special caps. Their connections with the top layer of waterproofing must be sealed carefully.

The main reason for the penetration of moisture under the waterproofing layer, in addition to mechanical damage, is the effect of temperature changes in the surrounding atmosphere. The second most common cause of roof leaks can be considered a violation of technology during the initial installation of the roofing.

It is worth remembering that the service life of a roof covered with roll materials such as roofing felt is limited to a maximum of 5 years.

In winter, under the influence of severe frosts, it begins to lose elasticity and crack. In summer, thanks to its black color, it attracts solar thermal energy and heats up to 70°C.

As a result of this, the resin impregnating it begins to melt and gradually slides downhill to the edge of the roof.

The base that remains in place largely loses its waterproofing properties and gradually begins to let moisture through.

Modern waterproofing mastics and resins have significantly more long term services, but also cost much more.

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Roof repair using roll materials

Rolled bitumen materials are the most common and popular roofing product, primarily due to their affordable price. Another reason for their popularity can rightfully be considered that their use does not require dismantling the old coating. However, you should not immediately lay new rolls on top of the old coating. It must be prepared in advance.

First of all, it is necessary to remove debris and dust accumulated on the roof. After this, the formed air bubbles are identified on the roof. They are opened with a knife like an envelope and, if necessary, dried. After this, they are heated with a blowtorch until the bitumen impregnation melts and closed, eliminating air bubbles.

Only then can the next layer of rolled roofing felt be laid. The roll is rolled out on the roof surface, one edge is heated and glued to the bottom edge of the roof.

After this, they roll it back up, winding it onto a piece of pipe that is slightly longer than the width of the roll.

Then they begin to slowly unroll it, heating the surface with a blowtorch. An indicator of the quality of heating is a small puddle of molten bitumen along the roll unrolling path.

The next roll in the longitudinal plane must be laid on the previous one with an overlap of at least 10 cm.

The adjacent roll must overlap the edge of the previous one by at least 5 cm. As a result, if the technology is followed correctly, after the molten bitumen has cooled, a monolithic waterproof membrane is formed, covering the entire surface of the roof.

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Application for repair of polymer materials

Majority modern materials, intended for waterproofing, are made on the basis of polymers. If it is mastic, then its main component is liquid polyurethane. Its first layer is applied directly to the prepared surface using paint roller. It adheres tightly to the bitumen base. Then a reinforcing layer of non-woven synthetic fabric with a density of 20 to 60 grams per m² is placed on the not yet hardened mastic so that it is completely recessed. After this, a second layer of polyurethane mastic is applied on top. The hardening process lasts from 3 to 5 hours.

Another effective modern waterproofing material is liquid rubber. It is applied by spraying using special portable backpack sprayers. The main advantage of this method is that it is not afraid of any unevenness on the roof surface. For getting rubber coating 3 mm thick it is necessary to spray 4 to 4.5 kg per 1 m². The resulting membrane is resistant to temperature changes, but in severe frost it loses its elasticity, which makes it more susceptible to mechanical damage.

Another product that is becoming increasingly popular these days is tension polymer membranes. They are assembled using welding machines that connect the joints with hot air, and are attached only to the edges of the roof. Therefore, if the foundation of the house begins to subsidence, the coating will maintain its integrity. However, as with previous materials, membranes are also vulnerable to mechanical damage, so if the surface is intensively used, a protective coating must be placed on top of the waterproofing.

The simplest protective coating, especially for coatings made of rolled materials, is a concrete screed. Unfortunately, over time it begins to crack and crumble. There are very good reviews about the high-strength polyurethane coating Marisil 400, but many are put off by its high price

In general, it can be noted that the repair of a flat roof, unlike its other varieties, is practically not associated with a risk to life and health, and therefore can be done with your own hands, without the help of hired specialists.

The coatings used for flat roofing differ high term services. However, most roll and membrane materials have to be replaced before the stated service life expires. This is largely due to the occurrence of various types of damage that form on the roof during its operational life.

Types of roofing damage

The main reason for damage to roofing carpet is poor quality installation work and the use of cheap materials, the quality of which does not correspond to current operating conditions. Lack of regular maintenance also leads to both minor and critical damage that requires immediate repair.

The most common types of flat roof damage include the following:

In order to prevent the condition of the roofing covering, it is recommended to carry out a routine inspection front surface roofs. If problems are discovered, a decision must be made on how to proceed with repairs to prevent further damage.

Flat roof repair methods

Depending on the type of defects and the area affected by the damage, restoration and repair work on flat roofs is usually divided into the following groups:

• Maintenance- local work performed when minor defects and damage are detected in the roofing system. Basically, the damaged roof covering is partially replaced, peeling and swelling are eliminated;
• major repair - is a complete replacement of the current insulating layer and roofing material, including full cycle preparation work surface for further installation of a new coating.

The basis for major repairs is the presence of damage of various types on more than 40% of the total area of ​​the flat roof. Unlike local work, major repairs require the investment of a significant amount, which is comparable, and in most cases exceeds the cost of laying a new roofing cover.

What material to use for repairs

The technology for installing and repairing flat roofs involves the use of various materials. The use of a particular material is determined by the current condition of the roof and the coating that was laid or applied previously.

Major repairs of flat roofs are carried out in all cases where more than 40% of the total roof area is damaged

In general cases, the following technologies are used to repair flat roofs:

• repair with screed - used in cases where the concrete floor slab is severely damaged and a full-fledged installation is required thermal insulation cake. In this case, for repairs it is used vapor barrier membrane, mineral or foam insulation, fine-grained expanded clay, concrete mortar, primer and insulating coating. To mix the solution, it is recommended to use sand concrete M300, produced under trademarks"Polygran", "Master Harz" and BESTO;
• repair using roll coverings - used for restoration of flat roofs of various configurations. Various analogues of roofing felt or PVC membrane are used as roll coverings. Among the bitumen roll coatings, one can note the products of the TechnoNIKOL corporation under the brands Stekloizol KhPP-2.5, Technoelast KhPP and Uniflex EPP. As a roofing polymer membrane, it is better to use a coating under the Ecoplast V-RP or Logicroof V-RP trademark. To work with roofing felt derivatives, you need a gas burner, and to lay PVC membranes, you need an adhesive composition and construction hair dryer;
• repairs using liquid rubber - most often performed when servicing multi-story buildings residential buildings, since the applied material is light in weight and does not weigh down the floor slab. For use, we can recommend waterproofing under the brand name “Technoprok R”, Euromast Plus and Tremproof 250. Liquid rubber is applied using a special industrial sprayer. Besides insulating material vapor barrier is used, thermal insulation coating and deviation.

When repairing a roof with a screed, it should be taken into account that to mix a sufficient volume of concrete you will need a concrete mixer and a large number of containers for transferring concrete mixture. To distribute concrete, it is necessary to set linear guides. Leveling the solution is done using a steel rule.

In order to understand in more detail the technology of working with various materials, we will consider the process of repairing each type of flat roof separately. More general technology, describing the process of current and major repairs, will be discussed below.

Repair of roll roofs

Roll coatings under the trademarks Stekloizol KhPP-2.5, Tekhnoelast KhPP and Uniflex EPP, which were mentioned above, are modern bitumen roll materials. For their production, a binder composition based on bitumen and filler is used, which is applied to fiberglass on both sides. Asbagal is used as a protective front layer - a coarse-grained coating applied to a special polymer film.

TechnoNIKOL Corporation produces a large assortment roll bitumen coatings for roofing

As a rule, Stekloizol, Tekhnoelast and other bitumen roll coatings are used to protect flat roofs with preliminary installation concrete screed. The main problems of this coating are the formation of local damage in the form of cuts and cracks that occur as a result of improper use of the roof. If the operating technology is violated, air and water bubbles may form.

To eliminate local defects, patch repair is used, when the damaged area is completely covered with a new canvas. The size of the patch directly depends on the area of ​​damage.

Repair of cracks, breaks and other surface damage is carried out as follows:

If it is necessary to eliminate swelling and bubbles on the surface of the rolled coating that arise due to seasonal temperature fluctuations, then it is necessary to carefully cut the damage crosswise.

Next, you need to bend the corners of the coating so that you can dry the inner surface. After drying, the surface is cleaned and treated with bitumen mastic, and the bent edges are pressed back. Then patch repairs are performed using the technology described above.

Repair of membrane roofs

PVC membranes are a specialized waterproofing coating designed to protect roofs and concrete foundations. The extrusion method is used in the production of membranes. This ensures that the final material will have zero water absorption.

Mechanical damage and depressurization of seams are two main problems that arise during improper use of a flat membrane roof. For example, when removing snow carefully with an iron shovel.

A special welding machine is used to lay the PVC roofing membrane

To repair mechanical damage, you will need to perform the following work:

1. The damaged area of ​​the membrane fabric is cleaned and treated with an organic solvent.
2. A patch is cut out of a single membrane sheet, the size of which will cover the gap or other damage on the surface of the roofing carpet by 5–10 cm.
3. The patch is laid on the prepared area of ​​the roof and soldered using a welding machine. While heating, the patch is gradually smoothed with a roller.

Depressurization of seams occurs due to a violation of the technology for laying PVC membranes. As a rule, the membrane is poorly heated or placed “under tension” to hide irregularities.

To repair, you will need to treat the inner surface of the peeled seams with a solvent. If necessary, they should be cleaned using available means. Next, the seams are soldered welding machine. If the length of the peeled seam exceeds 5–7 m, then it is additionally taped with Eternbond repair tape.

Video: installing a patch on a membrane roof

Repair of mastic roofs

Liquid rubber, unlike bitumen roll coatings and roofing membranes, allows you to create a seamless roofing carpet. This is especially true for flat roofs of old buildings, where preliminary installation of a concrete screed is impossible due to the load it places on load-bearing elements building.

Liquid rubber for roofing is a two-component composition that is mixed before application to the surface.

Major damage to mastic roof- These are cracks that occur during long-term use of the roof. To repair them, liquid rubber of a similar composition to that previously applied is used. For example, liquid rubber “Slavyanka” for roofing is a two-component composition that is applied using a high-pressure unit and a spray nozzle.

The technology of roof repair using liquid rubber is a combination of the following operations:

If there is extensive damage to the roof surface, then first of all it is necessary to eliminate local holes in the roof. After the restored areas have dried, a second layer 3–4 mm thick is applied. If necessary, fiberglass is laid and a finishing layer of liquid rubber is arranged.

Video: spraying liquid rubber on the roof

How to make an estimate correctly

Before performing any repair work their cost should be calculated. To do this, you will need to draw up an estimate in electronic or paper form. This will avoid shortages or overspending. building materials necessary for carrying out repair work. Especially if major renovations are planned.

If there are swellings in the roofing covering, a cross-shaped incision is made with further processing of the damaged area

In order to create an estimate, you must complete the following steps:

• measure the working surface - using a tape measure and other tools, measure and inspect the working surface. Based on the data obtained, the total surface area in need of repair is calculated;
• calculate the quantity and cost of consumables - based on current state flat roof, select the type of repair that is planned to be carried out. Taking this into account, consumables and tools necessary to carry out this work are selected;
• calculate the roofing covering - according to measurements and technical condition, the covering will be selected to be used for repairs. Based on this, its quantity and cost are calculated;
• draw up a work plan - at this stage it is necessary to think about how the material will be delivered to the site and the sequence in which repair activities will be carried out;
• adjust the amount of consumables - the previously obtained volume of consumables must be increased by 15 to 20%. This will allow you to make a reserve for errors in cutting and accidental damage during repair work;
• choose hardware store- monitoring of prices for construction markets and in stores in your region. If possible, you can contact the store directly with your estimate. The costs of delivery and unloading of the material should be added to the final cost.

If repair work will be carried out by qualified workers, then the corresponding item should be included in the estimate. It is not recommended to purchase specialized tools for performing work for personal use. It is more rational to rent it. Especially if a major overhaul is planned in compliance with technology.

Current flat roof repairs

Routine repair of a flat roof includes work aimed at eliminating local damage in the form of cuts, breaks, cracks and blisters. In essence, these works allow you to quickly eliminate local damage without affecting entire sections of the roof.

Basically, current repairs are carried out in case of damage to the soft roof, for the construction of which bitumen or membrane coatings were used. You can perform routine repairs yourself without turning to specialists - you will need a minimum of tools.

For the construction of soft roofs, a bitumen-based roll material called “Stekloizol” is most often used.

As an example, we can consider the technology of current repairs for various local damages. To carry out the work, you will need bitumen waterproofing material (glass insulation, euroroofing felt, bikrost), a gas or gasoline burner, a sharp knife, a rolling roller, and cold bitumen mastic.

The general technology for repairing extensive damage to the surface of a flat roof is as follows:

1. The damaged area is thoroughly cleaned of fine-grained dust. The cleaning area should be more area damage by 10–15 cm. For this, use any convenient brush with metal bristles.
2. With help sharp knife a square or rectangular piece of insulating material containing the defect is cut out. The canvas is removed right up to the ceiling.

   During local repairs, damaged roofing material is cut out using a special tool

3. The prepared area is cleaned with a stiff brush. After this, the hole is left to dry. To speed up the process, you can use a hair dryer.
4. Based on the cut fabric, patches are prepared from a new roll coating. The number of patches must strictly correspond to the number of cut layers.
5. Bitumen mastic is applied to the cleaned and dried area. For application, use a convenient spatula or an old brush with hard bristles. The mastic is maintained according to the instructions.

   During routine repairs, the damaged area is replaced with a new patch made of similar roofing material

6. The first patch is glued to the mastic. Care should be taken to ensure that the canvas lays flat, without forming folds or waves. A rolling roller is used for smoothing.
7. Using a similar technology, mastic is applied and the remaining patches are glued. After gluing the last sheet, you will need to cut out an overlapping patch, the size of which should be 15 cm larger than the cut out area.
8. On final stage an even layer of mastic is applied, onto which an overlapping sheet of insulating material is glued. A roller is also used for smoothing.

When using roll coatings with a built-up surface, the installation technology is similar to that described above, with the exception that a construction hair dryer will be required to install the patch. The working surface of the cut patch is heated with a hairdryer until the bitumen layer becomes soft. Then the canvas is carefully laid over the gap and ironed with a roller.

The technology for eliminating cracks and minor damage to the canvas (15–20 cm) is similar - the damaged area is cleaned of protective coating, after which mastic is applied and a covering patch is glued. In this case, there is no need to cut out the damaged fabric.

Video: Installing a Fused Patch

Major flat roof repairs

Major repairs, as specified in the section above, are advisable to carry out when damage and defects are present on more than 40% of the total area of ​​the flat roof.

The essence of a major overhaul is to completely replace the current roofing material. If necessary, a complete replacement can be carried out roofing pie, including steam and thermal insulation, as well as screed.

Dismantling of the roof covering is carried out using special equipment

As an example, consider a major repair of a flat roof with further installation of a weld-on roll coating. To complete the work you will need a seam cutter, a chipper, a concrete mixer, a gas burner, a shovel, laser level, metal rule.

The overhaul technology consists of the following:

1. The damaged roll covering, PVC membrane or liquid rubber is completely dismantled. For this, a grinder, wall chaser and sharp ax with metal handle.
2. The working surface is cleaned using stiff brushes, shovels and grinding machines. The removed roofing felt is cut into small sheets and then stored in separate place. Where possible, the dismantled material is transported to a landfill.

   After dismantling, the old roofing covering must be taken to a specialized landfill

3. A visual inspection of the working surface is carried out, during which its technical condition is determined. If the surface is represented by a concrete screed, then in most cases it must be dismantled.
4. The concrete screed is being dismantled. For this concrete surface marked using a seam cutter. To remove the concrete layer, special bumpers are used.
5. Construction debris is removed and the roof surface is prepared for pouring concrete screed. Shovels, brooms and other equipment are used for this. After cleaning, the surface is wetted with water.
6. Linear guides are being installed. For this purpose, special steel beacons are used, which are mounted on dowels or cement-sand mixture. During installation, a slope (3–5%) is maintained from the center to the edges of the roof or vice versa.

   The roof screed is carried out along pre-arranged guides

7. A concrete mixture based on M300 cement is being prepared. If possible, it is better to use ready-made dry mixtures from the manufacturer. As reinforcement, so as not to weigh it down concrete slab overlapping, microfiber is used, which is added to the solution during mixing.
8. The concrete screed is being poured. To do this, the mixture is supplied in portions starting from the center of the roof. For distribution, steel or wooden rule. During work, the screed is checked by level to ensure that the required slope is maintained.
9. After pouring and spreading, the concrete screed is covered with polyethylene. In this condition, the roof surface must be moistened with water 2-3 times a day for 7 days. The complete drying time of the concrete layer is 28 days.
10. After 2 weeks from the moment of pouring, the linear guides can be dismantled. The resulting voids are cleaned and rubbed over with a concrete mixture of similar composition.

    Laying of roll or membrane coverings is carried out only after completely dry concrete screed

11. After the screed has dried, the surface is cleaned of abrasive particles. After this, a vapor barrier diffusion membrane is laid. The vapor barrier is laid with an overlap of 10–15 cm relative to the adjacent row.
12. Laying in progress thermal insulation material in the form of mineral or basalt slabs. If you plan to install a serviceable roof, it is recommended to lay wool in slabs with a density of at least 50 kg/m3.

    Insulation made of mineral or basalt wool is laid on the concrete screed

13. Thermal insulation boards are laid end to end. If necessary, the second layer is laid staggered so that the joints of the first layer do not coincide with the joints of the second.
14. A thin-layer concrete screed (3–4 cm) with fiberglass is poured. The preparation and pouring technology was described above (see paragraph 8). After the second layer of concrete screed has dried, they begin laying the roofing.
15. 2–3 layers of lining are laid roll material. To do this, the canvas is carefully rolled out as the working surface is heated using a propane or gasoline torch.

    A gas or gasoline burner is used to lay the fused roofing covering.

16. The roofing material, like the lining material, is installed in a staggered manner with an overlap on the sides of the roof. If a roll coating is used, which is laid on mastic, then the surface is first lubricated with a primer, and only then the material is laid.

At the final stage, install roof aerators, gutters, junctions, cornices and other accessories and devices.

It is worth keeping in mind that major repairs of a flat roof in each case may have certain features. This is largely due to the operational condition of the roof, previously laid waterproofing material, etc. But in general, any major repair consists of dismantling, cleaning and preparation work old surface, laying underlying and roofing materials.

Video: laying roofing on a flat roof

Flat roof storm drain repair

The drainage system of a private or apartment building is designed and calculated long before the construction of the house. During the construction of private buildings (garages, one-story houses), as a rule, external organized drainage is used. During the construction of apartment buildings multi-storey buildings internal drainage system is designed and constructed.

Before repairing the roof of private buildings, it is recommended to perform preliminary dismantling storm sewer. After repairs, the storm drain is reinstalled. If repairs are required, then during installation, damaged funnels, gutters, brackets and other products are replaced with new ones.

The roof funnel is installed during the installation of the roofing pie

Repair of the internal storm drain is carried out in the following sequence:

1. The internal channel is cleaned using a flexible cable with a nozzle in the form of a metal brush.
2. At the stage of installing linear guides for the screed, a slope is formed towards the technological hole in the roof structure.
3. After the concrete screed has dried, a roof funnel is installed in the technological hole on the cement mortar.
4. After the installation solution has dried, the surface near the funnel is treated with a bitumen primer.
5. Next is the installation roll waterproofing in 2 layers. After this, the crimp ring is mounted and a hole is cut in the funnel.

Features of flat roof repair in winter

Routine and major repairs of flat roofs in winter are carried out only in exceptional cases when repair work is necessary to maintain the integrity of the ceiling.

Laying roll coverings in winter should be carried out with extreme caution.

When carrying out work in winter, you must adhere to the following rules:

• It is advisable to carry out repair work on a clear day - this will avoid problems when laying roofing material;
• when laying materials, moisture should not be allowed to get between the different layers of the roofing cake;
• If the winter is snowy, then frame-tent shelters are used for repairs, which help prevent precipitation from getting on the roof surface.

To ensure thermal conditions, gasoline or gas are used heat guns. Roofing material must be maintained at room temperature within 24–36 hours.

How much does it cost to repair a flat roof?

Flat roof repairs are complex work, so they final cost consists of the cost of the material, the cost of its delivery, labor costs, etc. At the same time, the cost of a major overhaul is difficult to estimate without preliminary inspection flat roof.

On average, the cost of current repairs, which you can do yourself, will cost no more than 200 rubles/m2. The total costs mainly consist of the cost of the material and the rental of tools if they are not available. Major work costs approximately 2–2.5 times more than local repairs of minor damage. If repairs are carried out with the involvement of specialists, then the final cost increases by about 2 times.

To estimate the cost of repairing a flat roof, you can use the table below. The data in the table is compiled based on price lists from three specialized companies performing repairs in the central region of Russia.

Table: Cost of Repairing an Existing Flat Roof

Major roof repairs are expensive work, the quality of which determines the comfort and coziness inside the living quarters of the house. Therefore, when constructing a house, you should perform all the work efficiently and not skimp on materials. In order not to bring the roof to a critical condition, it is recommended to carry out routine inspections and local repairs, if the need arises.

The roof itself performs three main functions: thermal insulation, waterproofing and aesthetics.

Accordingly, when a customer decides to repair the roof, he is not satisfied with the quality of a particular function.

Aesthetics.

Let's start from the very beginning simple option– the customer is not satisfied with the aesthetics of the roof. In this case, ordinary general construction or repair work is carried out, related to either replacing the existing finishing coating, or decorating parapets, or installing equipment, etc. When carrying out such work on a flat roof, you should remember only one thing: by arranging some additional “bells and whistles” you can damage the thermal or waterproofing, which will lead to negative consequences in the future, so all actions must be carried out very carefully.

In the event of a violation of the thermal or waterproofing of a flat roof, repairs will be much more difficult from an engineering point of view and in terms of labor intensity and, as a rule, the cost of the work. In most cases, the roof simply leaks and it is this circumstance that leads to the realization of the need for repairs.

Thermal insulation (insulation and vapor barrier).

Roof leaks are not always associated with waterproofing failure. For example, the roof can simply “float” if a vapor barrier has not been performed, i.e. Convective currents inside the room reach the dew point in the insulation, where abundant condensation forms, which is noticeable in the form of moisture. A similar, but different in nature case is insufficient roof insulation. In this case, the dew point is not located in the insulation, as it should be, but directly on the floor slab, thereby causing abundant condensation, no matter how well the vapor barrier is made directly under the insulation layer. A similar picture is most often observed in severe frost. There is nowhere for ice and water to come from on the roof, however, there is a lot of dripping in the room. In both cases, the recipe for treating this roof is quite simple - it is necessary to additionally insulate it.

If it is impossible to do this from above because it has already been completed finishing or for other reasons, it is possible to do it from the inside. To do this, as an option, it is necessary to attach an additional layer of insulation to the ceiling below the floor slab and install a vapor barrier. The simplest option is something made from self-adhesive film like Alutrix. After which the thickness of the insulation will be sufficient, the dew point will be in the insulation, a vapor barrier will be performed and the roof will stop floating. If a vapor barrier has not been performed at all, then it is necessary to do it. Again, doing it from above is too expensive due to the need to dismantle the roof, but doing it from below, under the floor slab, is quite simple and cheap. Self-adhesive film will also work.

Waterproofing repair.

The most difficult case from the point of view of repairing a flat roof is a violation of the waterproofing: its damage or leakage due to natural wear and tear. If the roof waterproofing is exposed, i.e. the finishing (decorative) layer has not been laid on the roof, the repair is quite simple - you must first find the holes and patch them. If this bitumen roofing, then, most likely, it has already served its term and there are quite a lot of holes there due to natural wear and tear. Then our recommendation is to repair the flat roof using modern waterproofing materials. Moreover, it is necessary to carry out waterproofing over the entire waterproofing area, because If the bitumen roof has actually served its purpose, then it is destroyed in many places.

If the insulation becomes significantly wet, it is necessary to install wind vanes (aerators) to dry it, or if it is completely destroyed, replace it. If mineral wool insulation was used and it gets wet, then it will not be possible to dry it with aerators. In this case, the roof will need to be completely dismantled, the insulation replaced, and a new waterproofing layer installed.

If crushed stone, tiles are laid on a flat roof, or the waterproofing is covered with another finishing coat, repair is quite a difficult task, because... searching for a hole can take a long time - this is an autopsy and other additional work. IN in this case work is carried out, as a rule, with the complete removal of the roof and, depending on the condition of the waterproofing and insulation, either they are replaced, or the waterproofing is repaired and wind vanes (aerators) are installed to dry the insulation. If waterproofing is done with modern polymer materials, then its repair does not take much time and is carried out with the same material from which the roof is made. If, of course, these damages can actually be detected. Not at all waterproofing membranes Finding defects is a simple task. On the Resitrix membrane, for example, damage is found quite simply.

Conclusions. Anyway, flat roof repair- a complex and expensive task, usually associated with its dismantling completely or in separate sections. By carrying out roof repairs using the materials that were used to make it and by the same workers, in the end you will get exactly the same thing that you have now - the need for repairs. Our main recommendation is to carry out work involving only specialized organizations that have successful experience in such work.

Flat roofing is superior to pitched roofing in cost and ease of installation. But there is also a drawback: relatively often you have to do repairs. How and with what materials it is carried out - these questions will be the topic of this article.

Types of flat roof repairs

Roof restoration work is usually divided into three categories:

1. Maintenance.
2. Major renovation.
3. Emergency measures.

Maintenance

Current repairs are a set of works aimed at maintaining the normal condition of the roof: minor damage and defects that may lead to leaks in the future are eliminated. Typically, the total area of ​​the areas being restored does not exceed 40% of the entire roof area, while repairmen are most often limited to manipulating surface layer.

Problem areas are identified through an inspection, which is recommended to be carried out once every six months, or at least once a year.

It is very important to carry out routine repairs in a timely manner, since minor damage on a flat roof quickly develops into large ones, which entails a significant increase in the cost of restoring the coating.

Major renovation

In case of severe wear and tear, when the area of ​​areas with damage or unsatisfactory condition exceeds 40% of the roof area, a full-scale reconstruction of the roofing pie is resorted to. In fact, the roof, starting with the vapor barrier, is laid anew - only a small part of the materials that are in good condition is reused.

When performing a major overhaul of a flat roof, all layers of the roofing pie are dismantled and re-laid

Emergency repairs

Emergency repairs must be resorted to urgently if the roof leaks. If current and major repairs are usually carried out in the warm season, then emergency repairs are done when necessary, and this is its peculiarity.

In winter, emergency work is carried out to urgently eliminate roofing defects.

As part of emergency repairs, as well as current repairs, only the surface layer is usually manipulated. In most cases, the area of ​​damaged areas does not exceed 20% of the entire roof area, but if necessary, the coating is replaced in larger quantities.

Preparation for repair

During roof repair work, it is often necessary to dismantle the old roofing covering. It is clear that at this moment the structure in some places loses its protection from precipitation, so you need to prepare very carefully so that nothing prevents the repairs from being carried out as soon as possible.

Selection of materials for repairing flat roofs

For the device and, accordingly, four types of materials are used.

Bitumen coatings

The category of bituminous materials includes traditional roofing felt, which is cardboard coated with bitumen, as well as newer coatings such as metalloizol and folgoizol, which are reinforced with foil.

Folgoizol is a multilayer structure with an outer coating of aluminum foil

Bitumen waterproofing is the cheapest, but also the least durable - the material becomes unusable after 5–7 years. So short term service is explained by the following disadvantages:

• low frost resistance - moisture is retained in the pores of bitumen, which gradually destroys the material during successive freeze-thaw cycles;
• insufficient plasticity - due to temperature changes bitumen coating cracks relatively quickly;
• instability to influence ultraviolet radiation(bituminous materials and mastics used for gluing them under sun rays become even more fragile).

Bitumen-polymer materials

Adding a small amount (usually no more than 12%) of various polymers to bitumen makes it possible to increase the frost resistance of the material and its plasticity, as a result of which the service life is extended to 15–20 years. In addition, instead of fragile cardboard, fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester is used as a base, due to which the material acquires increased resistance to mechanical stress.

Rubemast is manufactured using more modern technology than roofing felt, therefore it has several times longer service life

Currently, a wide range of materials are produced using this technology, for example, bikrost, rubemast, rubestek, hydrostekloizol, steklomast, steklobit, linokrom.

Particular success was achieved when mixing into bitumen crumb rubber, elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers and thermoplastics. Materials made in this way are produced under the brands Filizol, Thermoflex, Dneproflex and Dnepromast, Luberite, Elabit, Mastoplast, Isoplast, etc.

People often call bitumen-polymer materials Euroroofing felt. In addition to increased resistance to negative factors it has one more important difference from roofing felt: laying can be done by fusing, for which the lower surface is heated with a gas or gasoline burner.

To fix the euroroofing material, it is enough to heat its bottom layer using a burner - gasoline or gas

At the same time, euroroofing felt also inherited some disadvantages from its prototype: it also has to be laid in several layers, and, with rare exceptions, it is necessary to sprinkle the surface with stone chips.

The cost of bitumen-polymer materials is higher than traditional roofing felt, but due to the less frequent repair work, the cost of maintaining the roof is ultimately reduced by 2 times (based on 40-year operation).

Single layer membranes

Single-layer membranes are a fundamentally different type of coating, which is made from synthetic rubber or polymers. It has a number of advantages:

• laid in one layer, so it can be installed very quickly;
• is very elastic;
• has no pores, therefore it has high frost resistance;
• perfectly resists all other negative environmental factors - UV radiation, oxidation and temperature changes;
• can be installed at any time of the year;
• does not require powdering with stone chips;
• supplied in rolls up to 15 m wide (the width of bituminous materials is 1 m), due to which the number of seams on the roof is significantly reduced.

The membrane can be secured using either glue or bitumen mastic, and through self-tapping screws. Due to the long service life (more than 25 years), single-layer installation and the rare need for repair work, the maintenance of the roof over 40 years of operation will have to be spent 4 times less funds than in the case of bitumen roofing.

Roof repairs using the single-layer Ecoplast membrane can be carried out at any time of the year

The production of membranes in Russia has been mastered for quite a long time: Cromel, Ecoplast, Logicbase, Rukril and others membranes have proven themselves well.

Roofing mastics

Roofing mastics are liquid formulations, which are applied to the roof in any of the following ways:

• spraying (industrial sprayers are used);
• using a brush;
• using the pouring method followed by leveling with a roller.

After some time, the mass polymerizes and turns into an elastic, waterproof film, similar to rubber. Because of this similarity, roofing mastics are often called liquid rubber. The film is extremely elastic - it does not tear at a relative elongation of up to 1000%. This means that when the building shrinks, the roofing will remain intact.

After polymerization, roofing mastic turns into a waterproof film similar to rubber

Compared to rolled materials, mastics have an important advantage: the coating will be seamless for any roof area. They are also very useful for repair work, as they allow you to fill the most difficult to reach cavities.

Roofing mastics are produced in both one-component and two-component versions. In the second case, the base composition must be mixed with a hardener.

The composition of mastics varies quite a lot, and accordingly, their service life is different:

• butyl rubber, for example, “Germabutyl NMG-S”, “TechnoNIKOL No. 45”, “Polikrov M-120/M-140” serve for 25 years;
• chlorosulfopolyethylene, for example, “Polikrov-L”, “Izokrov”, “Krovlelit” also protect the roof surface for up to 25 years;
• bitumen-latex, for example, TechnoNIKOL No. 33, BLEM 20, Master Flex must be updated every 20 years;
• bitumen rubber, for example, REBAKS-M, MGH-K, Venta U, will require repair after 15 years of operation.

To glue rolled materials you will need bitumen mastic (not to be confused with roofing mastic - “liquid rubber”). You can buy it at the store, or you can make it yourself. There are two varieties of this material:

• cold mastic - used for gluing the internal (lining) layers of rolled material;
• hot mastic - applied over the coating as a protective layer and to fix the stone chips.

Cold mastic is prepared from the following ingredients:

• bitumen - 2 parts;
• gasoline - 2 parts;
• filler, which can be used as gypsum, lime or ash powder - 1 part.

The bitumen is heated in some container and kept for some time so that the moisture completely evaporates from it. The temperature at which evaporation is carried out is approximately 180 o C. Then filler is poured into the bitumen, after which the mixture is thoroughly stirred with a wooden stick. Next, you need to pour it into gasoline.

If the bitumen is heated, then it is this that needs to be poured into gasoline, and not vice versa. Otherwise, a fire may occur. After cooling, the mastic can be used for its intended purpose. It should be borne in mind that it is not stored for a long time, so cook large volume there is no point in the future.

The technology for preparing hot bitumen mastic involves cooking bitumen at a temperature of approximately 200 o C. During this process, filler is gradually added, while the bitumen is mixed.

If a small amount of bitumen is needed for repairs, it can be heated in a metal bucket, and for large volumes special installations are used

If, when mixing bitumen with filler, the temperature of the mixture drops below 160 o C, the material will greatly lose quality.

To insulate the roof, you should use a material that can support the weight of the coating and snow without being greatly deformed. These are:

• extruded polystyrene foam. Its composition is identical to regular polystyrene foam, only the structure is homogeneous and not granular;
• rigid slabs made of mineral wool. The density of the material (varies from 50 to 400 kg/m3) must be selected in accordance with the snow loads characteristic of a given region;
• expanded clay The cheapest, but at the same time the least effective heat insulator.

Video: repairing soft roll roofing using mastic - what you need to know

Budgeting

For large volumes of work it is useful to make a calculation necessary materials and calculate their cost. Having an estimate in hand, the owner of the building is guaranteed to acquire everything he needs, so that during repairs he will not have to be distracted by secondary actions. In addition, the estimate will show what funds will need to be allocated, because with large-scale repairs the costs can be quite significant.

If it is decided to entrust the repair of the roof to a team of hired workers or a specialized company, then to draw up an estimate they need to provide the following information:

Preparing tools

To carry out the work you will need:

1. Assembly cutter. With its help it is convenient to remove worn roofing coverings. This tool can be replaced with a well-sharpened ax, which, instead of an axe, is attached to a handle made of steel pipe suitable length.
2. Construction knife. Used for cutting sheets of roofing material.
3. Gas or petrol burner ( blowtorch). It is used for fusing bitumen-polymer roll material, if it is decided to use it as a roofing covering. It is easier to work with a gas burner, and the fuel for it is cheaper. But it is also more dangerous, so in the absence of skills it is better to use a blowtorch.

   The use of a gas burner requires the roofer to pay increased attention to safety rules

4. Construction hairdryer. Helps quickly dry the area being repaired, and can also be used for fusing some materials.

   Using a construction hair dryer, you can quickly dry the area being repaired or fuse roofing material.

5. Maklovitsy. This is the name of the special brushes with which in the process roofing works apply mastic and primer. If there are no brushes available, you can use an old broom instead.

   Apply primers and mastics with a wide brush - a paintbrush.

6. Roller. Used for leveling mastics.
7. Protective glasses. According to safety requirements, glasses must be worn when working with gas burner, as well as when knocking down screeds.

Flat roof repair technology

Each type of defect on flat roofs is eliminated using its own method.

The roll material has peeled off

The sequence of actions is as follows:

There is a crack or bulge in the coating

The easiest way to repair such damage is to install a patch. Before this, you need to determine how deeply the moisture has penetrated into the roofing pie.

1. The area with the crack is cut out with an ax or a mounting cutter, and the swelling is opened with a cross-shaped incision. If the underlying layer of roll material is wet, it needs to be cut out. Do the same with other wet layers until they reach dry.

   The area with a crack or swelling is opened using a cross-shaped incision

2. In the resulting hole, place one on top of the other as many fragments of rolled material as were cut out, gluing each one with mastic.
3. If the defect was a swelling, then 4 triangular valves, bent after opening, are returned to their place and securely glued with mastic. Some craftsmen nail these flaps with slate nails.
4. The roof area within a radius of 10–15 cm from the damage site is cleared of debris, dust and dirt, and the cleaned area is filled with bitumen mastic.
5. Apply a patch of the appropriate size.

   A layer of mastic is applied to the opened and treated area, and then a patch is laid on it, the edges of which are also coated with bitumen

6. The edges of the patch are coated with mastic and sprinkled with stone chips, pressing them into the bitumen using a roller.

Installing a patch is not always guaranteed to provide the desired result. The master may not notice hidden damage, so after repair the roof will still leak. They often make the mistake of installing a patch above the place where the water appeared on the ceiling: in fact, the damage can be located up to 2 m from the leak.

Taking into account all that has been said, many craftsmen prefer to simply lay a new one over the worn-out coating, which is commonly called repair the old way. It must be taken into account that laying new layers one after another significantly increases the load on the walls. For safety reasons, it is not allowed to lay more than eight layers of coating on the roof, but even with fewer layers, it is advisable to perform strength calculations of the walls and ceilings.

Video: technology for repairing cracks and blisters on a flat roof

Roofing membrane damaged

Single-layer membranes, which were described above, withstand atmospheric influences, but can be damaged, for example, when removing snow from the roof with a metal shovel. The tightness of such a coating is restored as follows:

If peeling occurs in the seam area, then the peeled area is welded in the same way, having previously treated it on the inside with a solvent. If the broken section is more than 5 m long, it should be restored using a special repair tape, for example, Eternbond.

Cracks have appeared in the mastic roofing covering

Cracks in the mastic coating appear as a result of aging of the material. Restoration is carried out with the same mastic from which this coating was made. They work like this:

In case of extensive damage, the repair layer must be reinforced with fiberglass mesh with a density of 100 g/m2. First, a layer of mastic is applied by spray, then the mesh is laid, and after that the mastic is applied again, which should completely hide the mesh.

Stages of flat roof repair

Any repair begins with an inspection of the roof. Here's what you need to pay attention to:

WITH special attention areas adjacent to pipes, parapets, ventilation shafts and other objects on the roof.

If the damage covers more than 40% of the roof, a major repair is performed, which includes the following steps:

1. Removal of existing roofing material.

Major repairs to a flat roof begin with complete removal old roofing and the concrete screed underneath

2. Removing insulation.
3. Replacing the vapor barrier or, if possible, restoring it.
4. Restoration of elements of the internal drainage system.
5. Installation of insulation. If mineral wool slabs are used for this purpose, you can purchase varieties that have the slope necessary to ensure drainage (they are called wedge-shaped).

   When using wedge-shaped thermal insulation material, the slope of the roof can be done already at the stage of its insulation

6. Sloping the surface by adding sand or expanded clay (if the slope was not formed by insulation).

   The slope of a flat roof can be done by pouring a layer of expanded clay on top of the insulation

7. Installation of funnels for water drainage (elements of the internal drainage system).
8. Laying screed from cement-sand mortar followed by covering it with bitumen (prevents moisture evaporation).

   Before pouring the screed, reinforcement mesh and wooden beacons are installed on the roof surface

9. Laying roofing material. Bitumen and bitumen-polymer roll materials should be laid in 3–5 layers (the lower the roof slope, the more layers). The strips are laid with an overlap of 10 cm or more, gluing them with mastic. In the first layer they are laid parallel to the cornice, in the second - perpendicular, while the ends of the strips of the second layer are placed on the walls and glued or fixed with dowels. Next, the direction of the stripes in the layers must be alternated.

It is not always possible to perform the tilt correctly. To identify errors, perform the following test:

• before installing the last layer of coating, the roof is filled with water;
• Mark with chalk those areas from which moisture does not drain.

After drying such dents, you need to pour a thick layer of mastic or glue a piece of rolled material (no thicker than 1 mm), after which you can lay the finishing layer with stone powder. If there is no powder (ordinary roofing felt), it is applied independently onto a layer of hot mastic, into which the stone chips are pressed with a roller.

Video: flat roof repair on the roof of a house

To reduce the frequency of flat roof repairs, you must initially rely on quality materials. And during maintenance, you should protect the coating from mechanical damage - when clearing the surface of snow and ice, it is not recommended to use a metal shovel or crowbar.