Draw a staircase online. Programs for designing stairs in a private house. The main materials from which stairs are made, and the nuances of their calculation
IN modern world There are many possibilities that people never even thought about before. Anyone planning or completing a floor will definitely need a program for calculating the stairs to the second floor. This important element in organizing space, requires attention. Therefore, you should approach design with the utmost seriousness.
Existing forms of stairs
As with any other business, before you start you need to:
- Decide which staircase to the second floor you want to equip.
- You should also think about what the material will be like. After all, the stairs are presented on modern market in a wide variety of variations.
- How many Money are you willing to spend on this design. This question is also important, because it depends on what kind of project should be done.
- It's also worth considering design solution staircase structure. Indeed, today there are many options offered on the market.
- Decorative details should also be thought through in advance, this will make it easier to calculate the amount required to equip the space.
All these nuances are important when creating a diagram of future gangways remotely through special programs.
What parameters need to be measured before design?
To calculate the stairs online, you must first take manual measurements of some parameters. To easily create a project using a template, you need to measure:
| The height of the staircase structure. To do this, you need to use a tape measure or a special ruler to measure the distance from the floor of the first floor to the beginning of the second tier of the room. |
| The width of the steps themselves should also be measured. The size of the steps for the stairs to the second floor should not be less than 25 cm in length. It is optimal to make 28-30 cm. This will allow people with large size feet can comfortably move to the second tier of the room. |
| If railings are planned in the structure, then their height should also be measured. |
| The distance from the outermost step, parallel to the ceiling, to the ceiling itself. This parameter should not be less than 200 cm. This is necessary so that a person of any height can move up the steps without bending. |
| It is also worth measuring the gap between the floor and bottom steps. Usually this is at least 50 cm. But this figure may vary depending on which design is chosen. |
| Be sure to immediately determine what the angle of inclination of the structure will be. Ideally, it should be 35-45 degrees. However, depending on style solution products, the figure may vary. |
Staircase project created in a special program
- The steps should be comfortable to move.
- It is worth considering what kind of fastenings will be installed in the stairwell.
- Often people make an erroneous measurement of height, calculating the distance from the floor of the first floor to the ceiling of the same tier as the required number. With such a calculation, errors are inevitable. After all, it is necessary to calculate the distance to the beginning of the second floor of the room.
FloorPlan 3D
This program is clear and easy to understand even for inexperienced users. Therefore, you should pay attention to it.
Designing a staircase in FloorPlan 3D
In it you can see what the second floor will look like in the overall picture of the interior.
Benefits of the program
In addition to the structure of the stairs, it is also possible to design and. This will help you see the result before constructing the second floor or the building as a whole. There are many utilities and elements on this resource for staircase design.
Flaws
This program must be downloaded from Personal Computer, which has enough memory on its hard drive.
Online staircase designer
The program, which bears the appropriate name, can be used for its intended purpose. This software will help:
Today, the construction of a private residential building or a country mansion is rarely complete without two or more floors, and this layout option requires the indispensable construction of a staircase for transitions from one level to another. But before getting down to business, it is necessary to correctly calculate the stairs to the second floor. In this case, you cannot do without initial professional knowledge, the ability to handle measuring instruments and drawing, multiplication and addition skills.
Calculation of staircase structures
The main secret in the difficult process of arranging the transition from floor to floor is not so much to build, but to know how to calculate the stairs. To make a correct calculation, it is not enough to be guided by an idea of what the structure will roughly look like and where the owner of the building would like to see it.
Here's what you need to do in advance:
- decide on location flight of stairs and prepare an opening in the ceiling during the construction stage;
- decide whether the staircase will be wooden or another material will be preferred;
- decide whether the structure will consist of one flight or the height of the ceiling and the space of the room allow it to be made of two flights;
- estimate the approximate height of the steps (based on how comfortable it will be for all household members to climb);
- decide how many steps there should be to the second and third floors;
- make careful measurements and draw up a drawing of the future structure, taking into account the characteristics of the room and the type of staircase;
- calculate the steps of the staircase, taking into account its type, ceiling height, number of flights.
To calculate correctly future design and to make it durable and safe, it is necessary to correctly take the measurements indicated in the figure as basic. Below in the diagram you see the parameters necessary to make a drawing of any interfloor staircase.
Calculation of a staircase involves not only the correctly determined number of steps, which depends on the height of these elements, taking into account decorative covering(if it is present and reaches several centimeters). It is important to determine the depth of the tread of each step.
The correct approach to taking measurements, reliable data and a clearly designed diagram will allow you to:
- design a staircase of any type and significant complexity;
- master a standard and individual option designed for a specific room;
- ensure the reliability of the interfloor structure;
- give it a beautiful and aesthetic appearance, make it an organic detail in the house.
Current trends in decorative design premises are used different variants wood, vary the width of the flights of stairs, making them widened at the bottom and narrowed at the top, and involve the construction of a two-flight or even three-flight staircase.
There are many options for staircases - the choice of a specific model depends on the allocated installation location, free space and preferences of the home owners.
Marching
Marching is the most common straight structure, which can consist of one or several spans. Made from different materials, but most often it is made of wood. It is quite simple to design and build, but requires several essential components.
To make any flight of stairs you need:
- load-bearing beams (these can be either stringers or bowstrings);
- support pillars (their number may vary, depending on the marches and the equipment of the platform);
- simple or winder steps (the latter are often used in turning staircases);
- additional lumber if there is an inter-flight platform in the drawing;
- balusters and handrails, if the structure will have fences.
An example of a flight of stairs and its structural elements The calculation of a flight of stairs for residential premises is carried out taking into account certain requirements:
- The optimal width of the stairs is at least 0.8-1 m.
- Distance from flight of stairs to the ceiling - at least 2 m.
- The angle of inclination of the stairs should be within 35-45 degrees.
- The maximum number of steps in one flight is 19 pcs.
- The height of each step is 16-19 cm, the width of the tread is 22-33 cm.
You can calculate the exact parameters of the future staircase if you know the dimensions of the room: the distance from floor to ceiling, including thickness interfloor covering, opening width, room area. You can use a simple calculator, but there is also an online calculator designed specifically for this purpose on the Internet.
Single march
Designing a single-flight staircase is quite simple if you decide on the type of load-bearing beams. The structure can be built on bowstrings, stringers or bolts (metal fasteners used with outside wooden stairs).
Two-march
Projects residential buildings can be variable and involve the construction of a two-flight staircase with a platform or winder steps. The design of an L-shaped (corner) staircase involves fastening the winder steps and an indispensable corner post, which is used for support.
IN U-shaped system More often they make the platform as an intermediate link between the first and second flights - it is attached to the main wall. The area can be enlarged or made smaller, the main thing is that the distance between the marches is a step (60-80 cm).
On the video: how to take measurements to calculate a U-shaped staircase.
Three-march
This option is calculated for cottages of large area and can be part of design design premises. Wood construction is environmentally friendly and decorative, but may require additional funds fastenings to make the structure reliable.
Technical parameters depend on individual characteristics project, but the calculation formula, according to accurate measurements, even for a professional engineer, requires a section and design plan, exact figures for the slope of the marches, the height and width of the steps. The diagram below shows a drawing of a possible version of a three-flight staircase.
Screw
Peculiarity screw design– location of steps around support post. Its diameter is the main calculated value. First, the overall diameter of the structure is determined and a top view is drawn up. The drawing shows 2 circles (a staircase and a trajectory along it). Then you need to calculate the number of steps, their number must be integer, and if it turns out to be fractional, it must be increased.
To determine the height of the steps, the diameter of the circle is divided by the amount obtained as a result of the first calculation.
Graphic calculation of a spiral staircase Corner
With limited free space In private homes, a corner staircase is often installed - a design with a 90-degree turn. The main element of the turn can be both the winder steps and the platform.
When calculating, you must rely on the following recommendations:
- If there is a platform between the flights, its length should be more than 140 cm, and its width should correspond to the width of the span.
- If you are planning a staircase with winder steps, then their width at the outer edge should be at least 40 cm, in the middle - at least 20 cm, and the width of the narrowest part - 14 cm.
- Turning the stairs requires a square-shaped platform or three or four winder steps.
In the video: an example of calculating a staircase with winder steps.
Calculation of the goose step staircase
This is a peculiar type compact staircase, in which the steps are symmetrically located relative to the stroke line. This design is installed when it is necessary to save space in the house. As a rule, the angle of inclination of goose step stairs is 45-65 degrees.
A distinctive characteristic of this type of construction is the treads, the wide part of which occupies only half the length of the steps.
Calculation of a ladder on a bowstring
The calculation of a ladder on a bowstring is made taking into account some parameters, but does not differ from the main process:
- the distance from floor to ceiling is determined;
- the formula calculates the height of the steps;
- the width of the steps is calculated;
- based on the width of the opening in interfloor covering, the length of the bowstring is calculated;
- The width of the bowstring cannot be less than 50 cm.
Calculation of steps
We calculate the height of the steps based on the convenience of family members and the characteristics of the existing project, and a correctly applied formula will help determine the number of steps. You can calculate the size of the steps using the results of your own measurements of the steps: a - height and b - width (2a+b=64).
Knowing the expected height of the staircase from the floor, it is divided by the expected similar step parameter.
Formula for calculating safe and comfortable step of stairs How to determine the angle of inclination?
The angle of inclination of the stairs is not less than important indicator, on which the ease of movement, ascent/descent of a person and the ability to transport large pieces of furniture depend. To determine the angle, take into account the height and width of the steps, the distance from the floor to the ceiling.
Parameters of railings and fences
In a wooden staircase, the parameters of the railings and railings are determined by the pitch of the steps and individual project designs. They can be increased for safety in the same way as the riser width. The most important parameters are considered to be the height of the baluster, the length and width of the railing.
According to regulatory documents, the railings of any staircase must have the following parameters:
- height (including railings) 900-1000 mm;
- the length of the railing is equivalent to the length of the flight of stairs;
- the distance between balusters is no more than 150 mm.
Detailed guide to calculating stairs (2 videos)
Different models of staircase systems (52 photos)
In order to perform calculations of the future staircase data with your own hands, you will need to find whole line parameters. If you don’t know the basic design rules, you can serious mistakes, which will further affect the safety and convenience of the design. To make the task easier, we introduced standard specifications and special formulas have been developed.
Types of structures
- straight one-march;
- single-flight with winder steps;
- two-flight with an intermediate platform;
- rotatable 90 degrees (L-shaped);
- swivel 180 degrees (U-shaped);
- with an arbitrary degree of rotation.
Calculating the parameters of a staircase with your own hands may seem like a difficult task for a beginner. In order to avoid significant mistakes, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic indicators, established standards and formulas for calculations.
Options for staircase designs to the second floor
SNiP standards
Before calculating stairs for climbing to the second floor, you need to familiarize yourself with the SNiP and GOST standards. If you decide to completely make the entire structure with your own hands, this step is mandatory.
First of all, you should pay attention to the following parameters:
- Slope. Reflects the angle of inclination of a flight of stairs; for residential premises this indicator should be within 30-40 degrees.
- Number of steps. The exact value depends on the length of the span and the number of flights, minimal amount is equal to three, the maximum is 16 for double-flight models and 18 for single-flight models.
- Site size. If a two-flight structure with a platform is installed to ascend to the second floor, the width of the latter must be no less than the width of the flights leading to it.
- Tread width. Distance from the edge of the step to the riser, optimal distance-29 cm, fluctuations +/-3 cm are allowed.
- Riser height. The distance between steps is considered to be 17 cm as a standard, however, the interval of 14-20 cm does not go beyond the norm.
- Step. The total distance covering 2 treads and 1 riser, the ideal value is 62 cm.
- Width of the stairs. The distance from one edge of the step to the other, for ordinary stairs to the second floor - this is at least 80 cm.
- Dimensions of the staircase. The area of the cage must be sufficient to allow the door to be opened or the person to pass without hindrance.
If the staircase meets all the standards described above, it will be safe and very convenient for movement.
Calculation scheme optimal angle stair inclination that meets standards
In some cases, in particular when the house has already been built and it is not possible to make changes regarding the height of the ceilings and the layout of the room, deviations from standard indicators, the main condition is that the changes made should not seriously affect the safety indicator of the staircase structure.
Opening and dimensions of steps
You can calculate stairs, or rather, steps, only if you have all the formulas available and the basic indicators have been determined. To begin with, they are selected intuitively, based on SNiP standards. You also need to measure the opening; in the future, you can adjust the parameters if some deviations and discrepancies are identified. Since you can calculate the dimensions of the opening for the stairs using a simple tape measure, first measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling, and from the entrance to the second floor to the position of the first step.
In order to calculate the staircase in the house, as well as determine what size the opening should be, you first need to know the number of steps in the flight. Based on this indicator, you will calculate the size of the riser and can use the formula to determine the step. So, let's look at how to calculate the standard stair step. To do this, you need to take the width of the tread and the height of the step. The formula for calculating the step of the stairs is as follows:
2a + b = 60…65
In one step, a person can cover an average of 60-65 cm. This is a comfortable step size, on the basis of which you can calculate the width of the tread (a) and the height of the riser (c).
Measurements required for correct calculation stairs to the second floor
These indicators can also be determined in a slightly different way. To do this, you need to take as a basis such parameters as the height of the rise, the length of the projection and the slope of the stairs. First you need to calculate the lift height:
h = H + D
In other words, you need to sum up the height of the room and the thickness of the ceiling. From here you can find out the number of steps:
Based on the number of steps and the height of the tread, you can calculate the projection length of the staircase, focusing on the opening. We calculate the projection length of the stairs:
If you know the height of the rise and the length of the stairs, you can find out the slope or steepness of a straight staircase:
Based on these data, you can calculate more accurate indicators for a straight staircase:
a = h/n
Convenience and safety
In addition to the dimensions of the structure itself for lifting to the second floor, there are several more criteria for assessing convenience and safety that must be taken into account. Therefore, it is not enough to simply correctly calculate the stairs using the specified formulas; it is necessary to determine the degree of compliance of the design parameters with the required standards. You can do this yourself using simple techniques.
Calculation of a safe and convenient step of stairs for private use
First of all, the formula is used to calculate the safety of the stairs:
a + b = 46
This sum of the dimensions of the tread and riser indicates that the preliminary calculations were made correctly and comply with the standards.
There is also a special formula for determining the degree of convenience of the stairs:
a – b = 12
If the difference between these two indicators is 12 units, then climbing such a staircase to the second floor will be very convenient for the average person. The opening must also meet the requirements of convenience and safety, provide free access and not impede access to the second floor.
You should not recalculate the entire project if there are minor deviations of a couple of centimeters, this is quite acceptable.
Winder steps, platforms and cages
Separately, it is worth considering the situation with the design of a non-standard staircase structure. So, let's figure out how you can calculate the stairs yourself if you plan to use a winder structure to climb to the 2nd floor. Standard formulas are only suitable for straight marching models. Here's the size calculation winder staircase produced graphical method. In this case, the calculation of the staircase and intermediate landings is carried out separately, if any.
Schematic representation of the design of a staircase with winder steps
Let's look at how to calculate a two-flight staircase in a house with your own hands. If an intermediate platform is used, the calculation of such an interfloor staircase is carried out in two stages. First, the position of the site or intermediate cell is calculated. Then, up to this mark, the parameters are calculated for the standard march, and then for the second similar section. The dimensions of the staircase are calculated based on the width of the last step leading to the second floor and the dimensions of the passage.
Now you know how to correctly calculate the stairs in the house and the opening for it. If you are experiencing some difficulties with design, you can use online programs, but you should not trust them one hundred percent, calculation of stairs – This is a very important stage and in this case it is better to order finished work from a professional.
When calculating according to bearing capacity The staircase elements are divided into statically definable beams - cantilever or single-span, and are calculated using the appropriate formulas. Since stairs are subject to dynamic loads, the rigidity load-bearing elements are presented increased requirements: their deflection should not exceed 1/400 of the span. Loads acting on flights of stairs and landings must be collected by adding the dead weight of the structures and temporary loads: in residential buildings- 300 kg/m².
When lifting, a person expends approximately twice as much energy as when moving horizontally (Fig. 2). Practice has established: a staircase is comfortable and safe if twice the height of the riser, added to the width of the step (tread), is equal to the average human step. The length of a person's stride on a plane is approximately 600–640 mm. Based on this, the tread and rise are determined by the formula: 2a+b = 600…640 mm.
Fig.2. Calculation of the height and width of ordinary steps
As an alternative, you can use another, easier to remember, formula: a+b = 450 ± 20 mm, where a is the height of the step (riser), b is the width of the step (tread).
The width of the tread should ensure that the foot rests with the full foot, that is, it should be no less than 200 and no more than 320 mm. The optimal height of the riser is 150, and the width of the tread is 300 mm. If the tread width increases too much, you will certainly lose your step, and if the tread width decreases too much, descending will be difficult. When designing winder steps, it must be taken into account that the minimum width of the steps at the narrow end should be at least 100 mm, and the overhang of the tread over the bottom step should be no more than 50 mm. Also, the overhang of the upper step over the lower one is done when other methods fail to increase the width of the tread; in this case, the amount of overhang should not exceed 30 mm for wooden and 50 mm for reinforced concrete steps.
The most convenient staircase angles are in the range from 23 to 37°. The steeper the staircase, the less space it needs to be installed in the house, and accordingly, the higher the staircase, the more more space it is necessary to provide for it. If the angle is less than 23°, the staircase can be replaced with a ramp (a flat inclined platform); if it is more than 45°, then the staircase becomes an attached or folding one (Fig. 3). The optimal angle of rise of spiral staircases is 25–35°. The most difficult process when the flight of stairs is steeper than 40° is descending the stairs, and at angles greater than 45° the descent can only be done backwards.
rice. 3. Standard dependence of the size of the steps on the steepness of the stairs The number of steps depends on the height of the floor and the angle of inclination of the stairs. Knowing the location of the staircase in the plan and the height of the room, the number of steps can (and is easier) be determined graphically, and then, using safety formulas, determine the width of the tread.
To graphically construct a staircase on graph paper or checkered paper, you need to draw a flight of stairs to scale (Fig. 4), measuring it with the height of the floor.
rice. 4. An example of a graphical calculation of the number of steps and riser height. Height table for steps in buildings with standard floor heights The height of the floor is the difference in the elevations of the levels of the finished floor of the lower and top floor, that is, the thickness of the floor clothing must be included in the size of the floor height. For example, gender ground floor lined ceramic tiles, and the floor of the upper floor is laid with parquet along the joists and a plywood “subfloor”. When calculating the floor height, all layers of these floor structures must be included: below - the thickness of the leveling screed, tile adhesive and tiles; at the top - the thickness of the logs, plywood and parquet. In Russia, since the existence of the USSR, floor height has been a regulated value. Typically, the standard floor height is 2.8 or 3 m, less often - 2.7 or 3.3 m, which allows you to design a room height (distance from floor to ceiling) of at least 2.4 m. This floor height allows you to easily fit staircase with step sizes that meet the requirements calculation formula safety (Fig. 4, table 2). If your floor height differs from the standard and is not a multiple of 3, then the height of the steps must be calculated (rounded) with an accuracy of one millimeter, but so that the heights of all risers are the same. It is better to distribute the calculation error resulting from the rounding of heights onto the lower frieze step, and make the remaining steps of the flight of the same height.
Steps of different heights lead to the construction of a dangerous staircase. This staircase becomes especially dangerous when descending at night. When going down the stairs, muscle memory tells us that there should be a step. The weight of the body is transferred to the leg, but there is no step under it... It is lower! And only two or three tens of millimeters, but they twisted their leg... and it’s still good if they didn’t roll head over heels.
In houses with non-standard height floor to level the height of the steps, it is allowed to lower the level of the finished floor of the upper floor landing slightly lower relative to the level of the finished floor of the rest of the floor. It is better not to make a threshold, but to make the floor of the floor area in the form of a ramp, that is, inclined. To adjust the height of the steps, you will only need a few millimeters so that the slope is unlikely to be very noticeable. Alternatively, if landing enclosed by walls with doors; the floors between these rooms can be made with a small threshold. This solution is well known to everyone: the level of floor areas in apartment buildings, as a rule, below the level of clean floors in apartments. We don’t break our legs here - we’re used to it.
Table 1 of Figure 3 shows the size of the steps for “compacted” stairs suitable for country houses. Often, in the layouts of these houses, so little space is left for stairs that in order to make the stairs shorter, one has to sacrifice the width of the tread. So, for example, in a staircase with a riser height of 200 mm, the tread width is 250 mm. An adult cannot rest his full foot on such a tread and he has to go down the stairs sideways or backwards. Table 2, Figure 4 shows the height dimensions of the risers for standard heights floors. Calculating the width of the tread using safety formulas is not difficult. But there is another way to determine the size of the steps - graphically.
This ergonomic method is based on the fact that a person, freely taking a step of 620 mm on a horizontal plane, can with the same ease raise his leg to a height equal to only half of this value, that is, 310 mm. Therefore, if on the horizontal axis of the graph (Fig. 5) we plot a known number of parts, each equal to one step (620 mm), and on vertical axis- equal to the height of the leg rise of 310 mm, then this construction makes it possible to obtain the dimensions of the rise and width of the steps for stairs with any inclination. To do this, you need to plot the slope of your staircase on the graph (its height and length are known) and draw perpendiculars at the points of intersection with the graph grid. This is the optimal height and width of the step for a given flight of stairs. Moreover, you can use this method and build a staircase specifically “for yourself”. For example, by setting the step to 600, and the lift, respectively, 300 mm, or by setting the step length to whatever you consider necessary.
rice. 5. Graphical method for selecting the optimal size of steps (dimensions in mm) In order to make your home as comfortable as possible, you need not only to hire builders, but also to delve into engineering calculations yourself. The main modular design of the house is. It is this that gives the interior that unique luxury that many people dream of. You can arrange flights of stairs and install steps in different ways. Online staircase calculation will help you design optimal design and calculate material consumption.
Various types of staircase designs: photo gallery
There are a lot of options for placement and execution of stairs. You can easily select interesting design, which will make the interior individual and unique.
Wooden structures with a platform significantly save space:
Screw structures can become a real interior decoration:
It may also be a good choice for staircase structures:
Metal structures have increased strength and reliability. They can be combined with both wood and glass:
Designs from can become the central link of the hall:
It is important when planning the design of stairs to take into account the age of the residents. If there are small children, the main criterion is safety both in the structure of the steps and. It will be difficult for older people to get used to the screw design; the slope should be less steep.
Related article:
How to create comfortable and stylish ones yourself - read our publication. You will learn not only possible options designs and their advantages and disadvantages, as well as design styles and secrets self-installation stairs.
Determination of basic technical parameters for online calculation of stairs
Building a staircase is not a designer’s flight of fancy. Certain standards have been developed optimal ratios, permissible load, compliance with which is important primarily for the safety and comfortable movement of others. Small deviations are allowed within acceptable limits, otherwise the design will simply become dangerous for people.
- lifting height (risers);
- tread (step) width;
- slope of the stairs.
A slope angle of more than 45° is considered steep; this design is not suitable for every family or for daily use. However, if the layout or area of the house does not allow the installation of another structure, you need to consider reliable railings to make walking up the stairs easier.
This is interesting! The slope of a staircase is the ratio of the height of the rise to the width of the step. The wider the step, the less steep the flight of stairs will be.
In addition to the main parameters, the design of the staircase is also influenced by:
- length of flight of stairs;
- dimensions of the staircase opening;
- distance between finished floor marks of the 1st and 2nd floors;
- number of steps. Regulatory documents defined from 3 to 18 units.
Deviation from standard or acceptable parameters will, at best, cause discomfort when moving. At worst, it can provoke a number of diseases.
Main types of staircase structures
Stairs indoors can be made in the following variations:
- flight of stairs;
- screw;
- combined option.
The choice depends on the area and layout of the premises. It is important what role it will play in the interior of the house; the feasibility of installing a particular model depends on this.
Let's take a closer look at each design.
Flight of stairs
This design has increased reliability and ease of execution. Depending on the height of the room and the width of the steps, you can install one or more flights. The number of steps in each should not exceed 16.
Flights of stairs can be classified according to the following criteria:
| According to installation form | straight |
| with a platform between marches | |
| rotary | |
| By location | L-shaped |
| U-shaped | |
| T-shaped | |
| By mounting method | mounted |
| monolithic | |
| on the bowstrings | |
| on a frame | |
| on stringers | |
| combined |
Screw
It involves installing steps in a spiral around the main axis. This design can be installed in order to save usable area. It will not take up more than 1 m². The main feature of a spiral staircase is the ability to be installed almost anywhere in the room. The structures consist of steps, supports, balusters and railings.
With its installation, the interior is transformed with a completely unique design. She may look absolutely weightless. For example, glass steps with wooden railings and aluminum balusters. You can choose the material to suit any style direction of the room.
Combined
An arched staircase is usually called combined. It combines elements of a screw design with a flight of stairs. To install it, you need to allocate some area. Elements can be made in the form of straight sections, in the shape of an ellipse, circle or semicircle.
The main materials used for the manufacture of stairs and the nuances of their calculation
The material from which the staircase will be made must fit into the interior and meet all safety requirements. When choosing it, you need to pay attention to the origin and environmental friendliness, and check the material’s certificates for compliance with quality standards.
Most often used:
- wooden structures;
- metal stairs;
- glass;
- plastic elements.
The design may include combined options execution. Suitable for classic interiors or ethno-style, in gothic style Forging would look appropriate. IN modern directions You can use nickel-plated or galvanized steel in combination with aluminum or glass.
Calculation of wooden stairs
The base of the structure is subject to greater load, so hard types of wood are suitable for it. For fencing elements, you can choose a material of medium hardness or soft varieties; it is easier to process.
To calculate a wooden staircase, you will need the following parameters:
- Room height (from finished floor to ceiling);
- opening length (measured horizontal projection length from the edge of the opening to the first tread);
- number of steps;
- the width of an average person's step;
- width of the flight of stairs, optimal size taking into account railings and handrails – 100 cm;
- step depth;
- step height (underwall);
- the height of the fence, including the railings, should be about 100 cm;
- thickness of the approach - this parameter depends on the type of tree.
One of the main calculation parameters is the thickness of the stringer, which takes the main load. steps in wooden structure can be done with or without a protrusion. It just depends on personal preference.
Calculation of metal stairs
The metal staircase structure is made of channel, corrugated metal steps, steel “fillies” and brackets. The elements are secured by welding. The elements are calculated using a general formula, taking into account comfortable ascent and descent.
In addition, for a metal structure it is necessary to calculate the strength and rigidity parameters:
- Useful standard load per 1 sq. m of stairs is considered 300 kg. When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the overload factor equal to 1.4;
- When calculating the load on the railing, you should take into account the overload coefficient of 1.3 to the standard parameter from 50 to 100 kg 1 linear meter.
When calculating a flight of stairs, the distance between opposite walls is taken into account. They must be planned 20 centimeters larger than the width of the march.
Determining the required geometric dimensions of the stairs
Before starting structural calculations, it is important to consider geometric parameters premises:
- distance from the floor level of the 1st and 2nd floors;
- design features of the location of the walls;
- installation locations for doors and windows;
- area of premises;
It may be necessary to make changes to the installation features when performing calculations. repair work premises.
Calculating the size of staircase steps in a private house using an online calculator
First of all, it is necessary to calculate the steps of the stairs so that their height is the same. The width of the flight of stairs should not differ from the width of the landing. The length of the march should be within 1.5÷3 m.
- The size of the step depends on the length of the flight of stairs and the number of steps. When calculating the width, the total throughput, while the standard is 0.7 m per person;
- The height of the steps is also calculated taking into account comfortable ascent and descent. Optimal height– 12÷20 cm;
- The depth of the step depends on the size of the person’s foot. Parameters from 28 to 30 cm are considered standard;
- To calculate the number of steps, you need to divide the height of the stairs by the height of the step, which should be selected from the table, taking into account the comfortable angle of inclination of the structure. If the parameter does not turn out to be even, adjustment should be made at the size of the first step.
It is generally accepted that the width of two steps plus the height of the step should be within 60÷64 cm. This is the most comfortable sizes steps of stairs for ascent and descent. When planning a structure with marches located in the opposite direction, it is necessary to leave an opening of at least 50 cm between them.
