Frame walls with granulated foam glass. Universal insulation for frame houses Foam glass in frame construction

Cullet

Granular foam glass produced in the form of particles having a close to spherical shape. Production is based on the foaming of individual, pre-rounded semi-finished granules in a rotating continuous kiln.

Slab foam glass obtained by foaming billets in continuous tunnel ovens. At the exit, the material is sent for long annealing and then to sawing machine to give the slabs precise geometric dimensions.

Roof insulation

Cullet

In Russia, at least 5 million tons of glass are formed annually in solid materials alone. household waste. Foam glass production is a method of converting cullet from landfills into a highly efficient, energy-saving material.

Production of granulated foam glass

Granular foam glass is produced in the form of particles having a close to spherical shape. Production is based on the foaming of individual, pre-rounded granules- semi-finished products in a rotating continuous kiln.

Production of slab foam glass

Slab foam glass get foaming of workpieces in walk-through tunnels ovens . At the exit, the material is sent for long annealing and then to a sawing machine to give the slabs precise geometric dimensions.

Insulation of horizontal surfaces

Granulated foam glass easily fills any unevenness and can serve not only as a heat insulator, but also as a deflection

Insulation of vertical surfaces

Granulated foam glass fills any cavities and creates reliable thermal insulation protection.

Roof insulation

Slab foam glass is an indispensable rigid, waterproof, durable thermal insulation material for roof insulation.

Thermal insulation of process equipment

All over the world, slab foam glass is used at facilities where compromise is unacceptable - nuclear power plants, submarines, factories, etc.

IN last years For the construction of houses, frame construction is increasingly being chosen, which is significantly cheaper in cost compared to the construction of brick, block, or log walls. In addition, the process of installing the frame takes much less time than raising main walls. However, without proper insulation it will be impossible to live in such a house. Therefore, the question of which insulation is best for frame house, becomes relevant for all potential owners of such housing.

Thermal insulation in frame buildings should not only ensure a comfortable temperature in the rooms, but also make the house quiet at the same time. Thus, insulation materials must also have good soundproofing qualities. In addition, there is also whole line important criteria, which must be taken into account when choosing materials for insulating the “frame”. All this will be discussed in this publication.

Basic criteria for choosing insulation for a frame house

The first step is to understand what properties the insulation must have in order for it to be effective for heat and sound insulation. frame walls home and is as safe as possible for the people living in the building.

So, it is necessary that the material meets the following requirements:

• It should go well with the frame material, that is, with a wooden beam.
• Optimal material – as clean as possible from an environmental point of view
• Insulation should be selected for the longest service life, which should be no less than the service life of the wood chosen for the construction of the frame.
• Moisture resistance, that is, the ability to resist the absorption of moisture (as a percentage of volume or mass), which can have a destructive effect on the material and sharply reduce its insulating qualities.
• Thermal conductivity coefficient - the lower it is, the better insulation, because main function thermal insulation is maximum reduction heat loss
• Vapor permeability. Ideally, the material should be “breathable”, that is, not prevent the escape of water vapor. Only in this case in its structure and on the border between it and wall surface moisture will not accumulate, becoming a favorable environment for various microflora - fungus, mold, etc., which can cause serious harm to the structure.
• The insulation should not attract rodents, otherwise they will settle in it permanent place residence, making passages and arranging nests.
• For frame houses Fire safety is of particular importance. Ideally, the material should be non-flammable, or at least as resistant to fire as possible.

Thermal insulation materials can be divided into three types according to the method of application - these are backfill, sprayed and slab (roll), installed between frame racks.

• Loose-fill insulation materials include expanded clay, foam glass, ecowool and sawdust.
• Sprayed heat insulators - polyurethane foam and ecowool, applied using “wet” technology.
• Slab or roll insulation– expanded polystyrene various types, mineral wool, foam glass, linen, wood fiber and cork boards.

Each of these materials has its own characteristics and differs in technical and operational characteristics. To make a choice, it is necessary to consider each of them in more detail, both in terms of its main qualities and from the standpoint of ease of use.

For thermal insulation of frame buildings they use modern materials and traditional ones, familiar to builders for decades. Since all insulation materials were classified above into three groups according to the method of their application, their characteristics will be discussed further in accordance with this division.

Loose-type insulation

This type of material is used in construction for thermal insulation of walls, ceilings and floors along joists. These include expanded clay, granulated foam glass, ecowool and sawdust.

Expanded clay

Expanded clay is natural material, which has been used to insulate various areas of the building for a very long time, and has fully justified its purpose. It is produced in the form of gravel (granules) of different fractions, sand and crushed stone.

Expanded clay is used in construction not only as fill-in insulation, but also in combination with concrete mortar. Last option called expanded clay concrete and is most often used as an insulating layer under concrete screed floors of the first floor on the ground.

Expanded clay is produced from refractory clays, which undergo special heat treatment high temperatures, are brought to melting, swelling and sintering of the material. As a result of these processes, expanded clay granules acquire a porous structure, which provides the material with low thermal conductivity. Expanded clay has the following characteristics:

• High level of thermal insulation. Expanded clay is made from clay, which is one of the “warm” natural materials, and the air structure of the granules helps reduce the thermal conductivity of the clay.
• It has light weight, which is ten times lower than the mass of concrete. Therefore, it is suitable for insulating light buildings, since it does not place a large load on the foundation and wooden formwork, into which it is filled.
• The material is absolutely environmentally friendly - it does not contain any synthetic or toxic substances.
• Expanded clay is inert to chemical and biological influences.
• The material is vapor-permeable, that is, it is “breathable” and prevents the walls from becoming waterlogged.
• The moisture resistance of the material is important - it does not absorb or retain water.
• Expanded clay will not create any problems for people prone to allergic reactions.
• The material can easily withstand very low winter and high summer temperatures without losing its insulating properties.
• The insulation is not flammable. It does not support combustion and does not emit smoke, even if it gets into an open fire, so it can be called a fireproof material.
• Rodents and insects do not live in expanded clay, which makes this material indispensable for insulating a private home. Fine-grained expanded clay is even often used to make an embankment under a house, as it helps protect the structure from mice.
• Long service life. It is difficult to talk about any specific time periods, but the frame house itself will definitely survive such insulation.

Expanded clay has its own letter and number marking from M300 to M700, but unlike other building materials, it does not indicate strength, but the bulk density of the insulation, which depends on its fraction.

• Expanded clay sand has a grain fraction of 0.13÷5.0 mm; it is used for backfilling as insulation into walls of relatively small thickness, up to 50 mm.
• Expanded clay gravel has a fraction of 5÷50 mm, and it is excellent for the production of expanded clay concrete.
• Expanded clay crushed stone differs from gravel in that it has an angular shape. It is obtained by crushing or rejecting gravel mass. The crushed stone fraction size can vary from 5 to 40 mm.

The use of expanded clay for insulating frame walls can be considered a completely justified option, since this material combines excellent performance characteristics and ease of installation - they can be used to insulate structures of any shape. It should be noted that this material is suitable not only for filling into frames wooden walls, but also three-layer brick or reinforced concrete enclosing structures.

The disadvantage is that the thermal insulation performance is not very outstanding compared to other materials. If expanded clay is chosen as insulation, then in order to achieve the desired effect, the thickness of its layer must be at least 200÷300 mm, or it can be used in combination with other heat-insulating materials.

Foam glass in granules

In addition to the well-known expanded clay, foam glass produced in granules is used in approximately the same way.

Foam glass is not used as widely as expanded clay, although it has higher thermal insulation properties. Apparently, this is due to the lack of information about this material. This material is produced at Russian enterprises since the 30s of the 20th century, and it is intended specifically for insulating buildings. Foam glass can be purchased in bulk or in the form of slabs. The loose material is used to insulate sections of the building structure - it is poured into the space of floors along joists, attic floors, and also into the cavities of frame walls.

In addition, granulated foam glass is mixed with concrete to provide insulation under the screed.

The material is an environmentally friendly product, as sand and broken glass are used for its production. The raw material is ground to a powder, then mixed with carbon. The last component promotes foaming of the mixture and gas formation - this process makes the material porous, air-filled and light. Granules are made in special ovens with rotating chambers, into which blanks - pellets - are poured in advance. The fraction of granules can be different - large, having a size of 8÷20 mm, medium - 5÷7 mm and small - 1.5÷5 mm. The main characteristics of this material are presented in comparative table at the end of the publication.

Prices for expanded clay

expanded clay

Foam glass is resistant to chemical and biological influences, moisture resistant, hard material. In addition, it does not collect or emit dust, and does not contain substances to which allergy sufferers are sensitive. The hardness of the material and the absence of any nutrients protects it from rodents.

The only disadvantage of bulk foam glass is its high cost. True, if you carefully calculate the “accounting” of insulation and compare it with cheaper expanded clay, then it’s still worth looking at which material will be more profitable.

Loose foam glass is laid in the same way as expanded clay.

Ecowool (dry installation)

This material can be considered a relative novelty in the field of insulation, but it is gradually gaining popularity due to its advantages. To insulate frame structures, ecowool is used in two versions - in dry form, backfilled in a cavity, or using “wet” technology - sprayed on the surface. The second method requires the use special equipment, the first one can be produced on your own.

Ecowool is a mixture of paper production waste and cellulose fibers, which occupy about 80% of the total mass of the insulation. In addition, the material contains a natural antiseptic - boric acid, which occupies up to 12%, as well as a fire retardant - sodium tetraborate - 8%. These substances increase the resistance of the insulation to external influences.

Ecowool goes on sale in hermetically sealed plastic bags, in loose form, therefore, when choosing a dry method of wall insulation, it can be used immediately.

Ecowool has the following characteristic features:

• Low thermal conductivity coefficient. Cellulose, from which this insulation is mainly composed, has all the qualities of wood, which has been used for construction for hundreds of years. residential buildings precisely because of natural warmth material.
• The lightness of the material, even when moistened, allows it to be used for thermal insulation of frame structures.
• It's environmentally friendly clean insulation, which does not emit harmful fumes throughout the entire period of operation.
• Pronounced vapor permeability. Ecowool does not retain moisture in its structure, therefore it does not require vapor barrier, which allows you to save some money when building a house.
• Ecowool is resistant to biological influences, as it contains an antiseptic additive, as well as to chemicals.
• This insulation can absorb moisture even up to 20% of the total mass, but does not lose its heat-insulating qualities. Here it must be said that moisture is not retained in the structure, since the material is “breathable”.
• Resistance to low temperatures, that is, frost resistance of cotton wool.
• Despite the fire retardant included in the insulation, the material belongs to the G2 flammability group, that is, low-flammable and self-extinguishing. That is, the smoldering of the material cannot be ruled out, but it will not become a flame spreader.
• Ecowool does not harbor mice and insects, as it contains boric acid.
• What is attractive about it is its long service life and the possibility of recycling.

When dry laying ecowool into a wall, its consumption is 45÷70 kg/m³. Before carrying out work, the material is fluffed using electric drill. It should be taken into account that over time, dry cotton wool will sag by approximately 15%, so the insulation must be compacted well. It is also important to know that when fluffing this material there will be a large amount of dust and debris in the room, so it is best to carry out the work outdoors or in outbuildings, A Airways It is imperative to protect yourself by wearing a respirator.

Insulation of walls with dry ecowool is done in two ways - backfilling and blowing.

Backfilling is done manually, into a gradually erected formwork, and blowing is done into a space completely covered by sheathing fixed to the frame posts. In order to carry out blowing, you need special equipment into which ecowool is poured, fluffed, and then fed under pressure into the empty space of the frame sheathed on both sides through drilled holes.

The stages of work on backfilling ecowool will be discussed below.

Sawdust as backfill insulation for frame walls

Sawdust cannot be called popular insulation, although they have been used for this purpose from time immemorial. We can say that this natural material has been replaced by modern synthetic insulation. However, there are craftsmen who to this day do not refuse sawdust and shavings, successfully insulating the walls of frame houses with them.

It is believed that sawdust was first used for insulation frame buildings in Finland, where the climate is more severe than in most regions of Russia, and it should be noted that the material fully justified its purpose. But we must not forget that sawdust has not only advantages, but also its disadvantages, which you also need to know about.

To achieve the desired thermal insulation effect, it is necessary to choose hardwood sawdust - beech, maple, hornbeam, oak, alder and maybe pine, the moisture content of which should be no more than 20% of the total mass.

The disadvantages of sawdust used for insulation in pure form, without processing them special compounds, their features include:

• Flammability. Dry sawdust quickly ignites and burns, spreading the fire to nearby combustible materials.
• They feel good in a layer of sawdust various insects and rodents.
• At high humidity sawdust may begin to rot, and mold may also form on it.
• When moistened, sawdust can shrink significantly; in addition, its thermal conductivity increases, which reduces the thermal insulation effect.

Taking into account all the features of this natural insulation material, master builders have developed mixtures that contain additives that neutralize all the shortcomings of sawdust.

To make such an insulating mixture, in addition to sawdust, you will need the following materials:

• Cement, clay, lime or cement are the binding components of the mass.
• Boric acid or copper sulfate- antiseptic substances.

Clay or cement is used in the sawdust mass if it is prepared for insulating the attic floor; for floors, sawdust is mixed with lime, and for walls, a sawdust-gypsum mixture is usually used.

The process of making a mixture for insulating frame walls can be considered in following proportions, based on mixing it in a construction wheelbarrow with a volume of 150 liters:

• Sawdust is poured into the container, approximately ⅔ of the total volume, that is, about 100 liters. (0.1 m³).
• Gypsum is added to the sawdust; you will need two liter jars of it. If insulated attic floor, instead of gypsum, clay is used, and lime is used for floors.
• Next, 100 ml of boric acid or copper sulfate is diluted in a 10 liter bucket of water.
• Then the prepared, well-mixed aqueous solution is poured into a wheelbarrow with sawdust and one of the selected binding additives, after which all components must be mixed well. Here you need to remember that when using gypsum as a binding additive, the mixture must be poured into the formwork immediately after mixing, since gypsum, when mixed with water, remains in working order for a matter of minutes. Therefore, large amounts of sawdust-gypsum mass cannot be mixed. The thickness of the insulating layer of this material must be at least 150÷180 mm. After filling the mixture, it needs to be compacted only lightly, since after the binder hardens, it should have an air-filled structure.

How the formwork is built will be discussed below, in the section on installation work.

This table presents a more accurate composition of the sawdust-gypsum mixture laid 150 mm thick to insulate a house with certain area wall surfaces.

Laying loose type insulation

The method of insulating walls with any backfill insulation material is almost identical, however, for each of them there are some nuances. It should be noted that there is nothing complicated in insulation frame structure no, and you can easily do the job yourself:

• The first step is to cover the frame with plywood (OSB) or other material with external or inside. It is best to cover the structure from the street, especially in cases where it is planned to use wooden lining. Having secured the boards to the front side of the house, you can calmly, slowly, work from inside the room, without fear of rain.
• The next stage of the insulation process is to secure strips of plywood or boards from the inside of the room from the floor, first to a height of 500÷800 mm. The result will be a kind of formwork into which the insulation will be poured and then compacted.

• When the cavity is filled with ecowool, the lining from the inside is increased higher. The newly formed space is again filled with ecowool and this continues until the wall is completely insulated. Experts advise leaving the formwork fixed for two to three days. During this time, the cotton wool fibers will bind together well and shrink slightly, freeing up some of the space that must also be filled with cotton wool.

• If sawdust is used for insulation, then Bottom part The formwork is left in place, and its next elements are fixed on top of it - plywood or boards, after which the space is also filled with insulation.
• When insulating walls with ecowool, after filling everything with it free space, the plywood formwork is often removed, and the inside of the house can be covered with plasterboard or other facing material.
• If another backfill material is used, then plasterboard or finishing cladding will have to be fixed on top of the formwork material.
• If necessary additional insulation walls, thermal insulation material, it is recommended to install with outside buildings, before decorative cladding.
• From the front side insulation material It is necessary to tighten it with a waterproof membrane.
• When used to fill the wall frame with sawdust or ecowool, as waterproofing material It is recommended to use kraft paper. It is laid inside the formwork, spread on the bottom and walls. After filling the insulation to a height of approximately 200÷300 mm, the next sheet of waterproofing is laid on it, then the insulation - and so on.

Insulation applied by spraying

If you plan to use sprayed materials for insulation, then you must immediately prepare for the extra costs of their installation, since special equipment is used for it. Moreover, installations for spraying polyurethane foam differ from those intended for working with ecowool.

Ecowool (spraying)

Application of ecowool, in addition to backfilling in the cavity, is also carried out “wet” or glue method. The fact is that cellulose contains a natural adhesive substance - lignin, and when the raw material is moistened, ecowool fibers acquire adhesive ability.

Prices for ecowool

This quality of the material allows it to be used for insulating vertical surfaces. Wall insulation is done in two ways:

• Spraying the material between the racks of the frame after covering it on the outside or inside with plywood (OSB) or boards, and then leveling the wool along the racks using a special roller;

• The frame is sheathed on both sides with plywood (OSB), and then the empty space is filled with ecowool through holes drilled in the cladding, measuring 55÷60 mm.

Both spraying and blowing of ecowool into the space between the frame posts is carried out under pressure, which is created using special equipment.

In the container of the apparatus there are special mechanical “stirrers” for fluffing, whipping ecowool and moistening it throughout the entire volume

Dry ecowool is poured into the bunker, where it is moistened and mixed, and then enters a corrugated sleeve, through which it is sprayed onto the surface under pressure or blown into a sheathed frame.

If the wall will be filled through a hole, it is first drilled into the plywood sheathing. Then, the resulting hole is installed rubber compressor and a pipe through which fluffed and moistened ecowool is supplied.

When cotton wool is sprayed onto the surface and after leveling it, the insulation closes windproof material, after which you can proceed to the outer cladding of the frame.

Today you can find simpler sets of equipment for blowing and spraying ecowool for independent use. However, when using such a device, the ecowool will have to be fluffed manually before filling it, which means additional time and a large amount of dust, which in a professional device is collected in a special dust bag.

Today it is a universal insulation for a private home. It is used in all types of buildings to insulate walls, floors, interior partitions etc.

The material has a porous structure, which is especially clearly visible when examining a section of the block. Each bubble of the block is sealed, they are all fastened together and form a single whole.

Specifications

All insulation materials are characterized by their individual parameters, including foam glass; the disadvantages and advantages of each material are taken into account when choosing. The foam glass cells are filled with air, this material It also has a second name - gas glass.

Foam glass can withstand very high (200-400 degrees) and low temperatures, it is resistant to mechanical stress and moisture penetration. Therefore, the material is widely used for other construction projects.

Warming properties are characterized by the following parameters:

• density (the material is available with density values ​​of 200, 300 and 400 kg/m 3);
• stamps various densities correspond to thermal conductivity characteristics of 0.09, 0.12 and 0.14.

The denser the material, the easier it conducts heat. Accordingly, the brand of foam glass with a minimum density has the best thermal insulation properties.

Advantages of foam glass

There are a number positive properties, which foam glass has, there are also disadvantages, there are significantly fewer of them.

The advantages of the material include:

• Long service life. The service life of the material is at least one hundred years. During this entire period, the material does not lose its properties. Foam glass is resistant to microorganisms and mold, and does not change under the influence of high humidity.
• Security and . The use of foam glass as insulation is not harmful to health, so the material is widely used in the construction of children's and hospital institutions.
• Good sound insulation properties. The material provides a reliable level of insulation from external noise, making it comfortable to be in such a room.
• . Foam glass does not support combustion and is not prone to ignition. In addition, even if a fire rages around, the material will not ignite or emit toxic substances under the influence of high temperatures.
• Good level of durability. Foam glass is a material resistant to moderate impacts, so when installed, a portion of the load is partially distributed over it.
• Foam glass is very lightweight material. You can build a house insulated with it, on virtually any foundation, on MZFL, on a slab, or even use reinforced concrete columns like these.

Disadvantages of the material

The advantages that foam glass has were discussed above; the disadvantages must also be taken into account when choosing insulation. The thing is that the presence of advantages is important, but is not always the decisive factor when construction work. At the same time, only one significant drawback can dismiss the idea of ​​​​considering the material.

The disadvantages of foam glass include:

• Large mass. Blocks consisting of foam glass are heavy element. When using them, it is necessary to take into account the load that will be distributed over bearing structures private house. If the object does not provide additional weighting, it is safer to give preference to another insulation material.
• Low impact strength. When shock impact on foam glass, deficiencies can affect the change in the porosity of the material. In this case, some of the cells may be deformed, and the insulating properties will decrease. In addition, the damaged block becomes passable for moisture.
• Expensive. Foam glass - enough expensive material. This is due to the difficulties of its production process. Manufacturing requires special conditions and availability modern equipment. In turn, this affects final cost product.
• Excessive durability. Oddly enough, this criterion can also be considered a disadvantage when building a private house. The thing is that the structure itself can become unusable much earlier than such insulation. In this case, the high cost of installing foam glass is unjustified, when major renovation it will need to be dismantled.

Application area

Foam glass is used for sound insulation and insulation of commercial and industrial premises, various residential buildings, including private houses (in this case, the service life of the building itself must be taken into account). The material is universal; it can be used to insulate almost any structure of an object (walls, roofing, foundation, etc.).

The Ecostroy-City company offers innovative insulation for frame houses - foam glass. This material is significantly ahead of mineral wool, polyurethane foam and other means of heat conservation, environmental friendliness and durability.

Usually the insulation process standard materials it happens like this:

• First of all, glassine is used. It is needed to provide a waterproofing layer.
• Then foil-based insulation is laid to create a vapor barrier layer.
• Next comes the thermal insulation material: mineral wool, polystyrene foam, polyurethane.
• High quality edged board. A prerequisite is a humidity level of maximum 15%.
• The optimal cross-section of the board is 25x150 millimeters.

If you use foam glass, you can do without foil insulation. It copes well with thermal insulation tasks, and also does not allow steam and moisture to pass through it. Foam glass blocks are placed between the frame posts. You can install the material yourself if you already have experience in building houses.

Features of using insulation

Typically, thermal insulation material occupies about 80% of all walls of a frame house. At the same time, the insulation does not generate heat; it is a barrier to the penetration of cold and moisture into the room. On the other hand, the layer holds in the house required temperature obtained thanks to heating devices. In summer, everything happens the other way around: the coolness lingers in the rooms, and the heat remains outside.

Foam glass not only copes 100% with the functions described above, but also demonstrates soundproofing qualities. All the extra noise and extraneous sounds will be concentrated beyond the threshold.

Another important quality of foam glass is non-flammability. Which significantly increases popularity this insulation in comparison with mineral wool and polystyrene foam. In the event of a fire, there is no immediate smoke or release of large quantity carbon dioxide.

In our company you can purchase required amount foam glass blocks to ensure reliable thermal insulation of buildings. Eco-friendly insulation for a frame house will last up to 100 years, warranty periods at the same time they are at least 50 years old. Detailed prices can be found by downloading the price list on the official website.

How to choose insulation for a frame house? And is it necessary to carry out thermal insulation work? After all, the materials that are used for the construction of frame houses provide high level thermal insulation?

Sandwich panels, despite their undoubted advantages, have thermal insulation characteristics that are only suitable for regions with mild climates. Such panels are thin and do not provide a sealed structure. Only in severe winters right choice insulation for a frame house allows you to solve this problem.

Features of insulation of a frame house

For thermal insulation works in frame houses the same materials are used as for cottages made of foam blocks. The difference lies in the thickness of the insulation and some nuances of the work. The chosen technology also matters - whether it will be external or internal wall insulation.

The materials acceptable for thermal insulation work include:

1. Mineral wool(this is a common insulation material in private construction).
2. Expanded polystyrene.
3. Cellulose or eco-wool that meets high environmental requirements.
4. Sprayed insulation. As thermal insulation material in this case polyurethane foam is used. According to the method of application, such thermal insulation resembles polyurethane foam. So far, this method is rarely used due to the conservatism of the industry and the lack required quantity specialists who could apply and disseminate it.
5. Natural insulation: straw, peat, sawdust. But these materials are rarely used due to impracticality. Such thermal insulation is attractive to rodents and pests, without additional processing it harbors fungi and mold, so this option is chosen by people for whom environmental safety is more important than other performance characteristics.

What are the requirements for insulating material? This is environmentally friendly so as not to harm human health and environment. The insulation must be resistant to ignition and moisture accumulation, mechanical stress and temperature changes. Strength and durability are also valued.

Every owner wants insulation work not to become a problem over time. That’s why it’s so important to choose a reliable option from the beginning.

What is best thickness insulation in frame house? The answer to this question depends on several factors: the type of insulation, the design features of the frame house and climate zone, in which it is located. The thickness of the insulation should fulfill its purpose - to reduce heating costs and make housing comfortable regardless of the time of year and weather conditions.

The multilayer wall, which emerges as a result of thermal insulation work, has a thickness of up to 40 cm. This corresponds, with the average characteristics of the materials used, to 50 cm of brickwork. Optimal thickness The mineral wool layer is 50 mm. But a thickness of the thermal insulation layer of 200 mm is also allowed. Yes, without sacrificing free area and without additional costs you can erect a building and insulate it.

Whatever material the developer chooses, when insulating the walls, it is recommended to lay thermal insulation between the frame posts. Another thing is the insulation of an already built frame house. Then the owner only has internal thermal insulation. External insulation costs more due to the need to use lathing, fastening material, decorative cladding. Therefore, this method is rarely used when the developer initially planned to install a ventilated facade.

Because of these nuances pre-selection correct insulation becomes important for further exploitation erected house. Additional internal insulation will entail financial costs and reduce living space premises.

For external insulation, they involve Additional materials. Waterproofing is carried out: painting or pasting. At painting waterproofing you will need materials like bitumen. For lining - glass felt, waterproofing, and other similar materials.

When carrying out thermal insulation work, builders use vapor barrier film. It is mounted inside the building on walls and racks using construction stapler. Foamed foil polyethylene is used for vapor barrier. This material is so thin that it does not affect the thickness of the load-bearing walls.

If the house is insulated not with mineral wool, but with polystyrene foam, then, in addition to the materials listed above, you will also need polyurethane foam, which seals the gaps between the slabs to eliminate cold bridges.

Expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene - name the whole group materials. This includes expanded polystyrene foam (foam plastic), as well as extruded polystyrene. Both are produced on the basis of polystyrene. Only in the first case is it foamed, and in the second the material is obtained by extrusion from an extruder.

Extruded polystyrene foam is used infrequently for insulating the walls of frame houses, since it has insufficient high adhesion to adhesive compositions, and the surface of the panels is smooth without having to be further processed to install this heat-insulating material. Most often, sheets of plywood are installed on top of the panels, and a special composition is used for fastening - adhesive foam.

Expanded polystyrene foam is used more often. But it needs additional waterproofing, especially if we're talking about about insulation ground floor or foundation, since prolonged contact with moisture destroys it.

Mineral wool and its properties

A popular insulation for the walls of a frame house is mineral wool. The material is made from thin fiber of mineral origin and resembles cotton wool in appearance.

Mineral wool has varieties - stone wool and glass wool.

Stone wool is made from basalt rock. It is distinguished by brownish or gray. There are technologies that make it possible to improve its performance characteristics: increase sound insulation qualities and strength indicators. Mineral wool, made in the form of slabs, is characterized by high rigidity. It does not shrink, and its structure remains unchanged over many years.

Glass wool is made from other raw materials, based on soda, limestone, and waste from glass production. She light shade, there is even white glass wool. The material has high performance environmental safety, durable and elastic, resistant to vibrations (ensures that glass wool does not shrink during vibration). Glass wool is thinner than stone wool, and with similar thermal insulation characteristics, its use makes it possible to reduce the thickness and weight of the structure and the load on the foundation.

Eco-wool and its properties

Eco-wool is a modern insulating material. It has high heat and sound insulation properties and prevents the formation of condensation on the walls, that is, it reduces the risk of destruction wall material due to rot or mold. Eco-wool is often called cellulose because this material is of natural origin.

Eco-wool is inexpensive, but durable. It looks like loose flakes with little weight. This material is made from recycled cellulose, which is treated with antiseptics and fire retardants against pests and fire. Because of this, pests do not grow in eco-wool.

Cellulose is a frost-resistant material; it is chemically passive, therefore it does not cause metal corrosion; it is used even in houses based on a frame made of steel alloys.

The insulation is blown into the structure or sprayed onto the surface of the wall under high pressure using special equipment. The structure of eco-wool allows it to penetrate into small cracks and hard-to-reach elements of the frame structure, which eliminates the formation of cold bridges. Eco-wool is usually used to insulate walls, but it is also suitable for thermal insulation of roofs or ceilings.

I haven't found this method yet wide application due to the need for special equipment and the lack of trained builders to carry out this type insulation. But in the future it will be preferred by many developers.

Foam glass and its properties

Another one new variety thermal insulation - foam glass. This material is chemical composition no different from glass. The difference is in the structure. Foam glass consists of cells that provide high thermal insulation properties, strength and low water absorption.

Foam glass remains permeable to air and steam, does not shrink and is used in a wide temperature range. The material is expensive, but it saves on additional steam and waterproofing work.

The advantage of foam glass is its resistance to aggressive influences external environment, including mechanical loads, action chemical compounds etc. Foam glass is easy to process and install, which makes it a valuable insulating material. It is not attacked by pests and rodents.

There are two types of foam glass insulation - block and foam crumb. Blocks are used for foundations and sometimes for exterior walls. By thermal insulation characteristics a block 120 mm thick corresponds to brickwork up to 950 mm. Foam glass is more often used for premises and structures that require strict compliance temperature regime– for a bath or sauna. This is due to his high cost, therefore this insulation is chosen only when necessary.

Organic materials for insulating a frame house

Organic materials for home insulation are cheaper than synthetic analogues. A popular option is cheap wood shavings. But if you pour it between the slabs, it will sag, gradually forming voids, and the house will become cold. Sawdust attracts rodents and pests. Therefore, they are mixed with clay or cement, gypsum or lime, adding water, copper sulfate or boric acid to prevent pests.

It is not necessary to add cement for the walls - this ingredient is used for the mixture intended for thermal insulation of the ceiling. Gypsum and lime are needed to increase the viscosity of the mixture and improve its fire resistance characteristics.

If you calculate the total costs of preparing such a mixture and applying it (and this is done very quickly, before the solution hardens), then the savings will not be so significant. And in terms of thermal insulation characteristics, strength and durability organic material significantly inferior to traditional synthetic options.