What types of chimneys are there? How to make a chimney in a private house with your own hands: design options and their implementation. Cladding the stove and chimney trunk with ceramic tiles

Perhaps everyone knows what chimneys are and what they are needed for. Those who have been more deeply interested in the design of stoves and fireplaces understand how important right choice smoke removal systems in a house or bathhouse. This article is devoted to a description of what types of chimneys there are, their features, advantages and disadvantages.

This is one of oldest species chimneys, which is still very popular. Laying a solid brick chimney ceramic bricks. The smoke exhaust duct is located in the brickwork.

To the benefits brick chimneys relate:

• resistance to mechanical stress;
• high heat capacity of the structure, allowing the heated chimney to release heat for a long time;
• absolute fire safety, subject to compliance with safety requirements.

Note: The disadvantages of brick chimneys are worthy detailed coverage. Thanks to this, it will be possible to better appreciate the advantages that other types of chimneys have.

Disadvantages of brick chimneys

1. The rectangular cross-section of the chimney is not very good good decision in terms of traction. In corners, the flow rate of flue gases is lower, which reduces the efficiency of removing combustion products from furnaces.
2. Irregularities of the inner surface (protrusions and depressions) reduce the rate of passage of gases. Also, soot and condensation easily settle on such a surface. Combustion products solid fuel or natural gas contain large amounts of sulfur oxides. An odorant is specially added to the gas, providing that very recognizable pungent odor. The peculiarity of the odorant is increased content sulfur. Sulfur oxides deposited on the walls of the chimney react with water (condensate), forming sulfurous (weak) and sulfuric (very caustic) acid. These acids cause brick and mortar to break down, reducing the strength of the structure.
3. The large mass of the brick chimney forces the construction of a separate foundation. Moreover, it is advisable to do the foundation for the stove and chimney before the construction of the building begins.
4. Complex and labor-intensive installation of brick chimneys, which is incomparable with any other type. The work requires a highly qualified mason and takes several days.

Single-circuit modular steel chimneys

Assembled from several elements. Most of the elements are a section of steel pipe. However, the design also includes more complex elements - tees equipped with glasses to collect condensate.

The material for the chimney elements is acid-resistant, heat-resistant stainless steel ( stainless steel) with a wall thickness of 0.6-1 mm. Pipes manufactured to meet these requirements have long term services. In practice they use different types stainless steel and even galvanized steel. Galvanizing – worst solution. Protective layer zinc quickly burns out under the influence of temperature and the unprotected walls of the channel begin to collapse under the influence of water and acids.

Advantages of single-circuit steel chimneys:

• smooth inner surface, preventing the deposition of soot and condensation;
• round cross-section, providing good traction and uniform gas flow rate;
• light weight;
• simplicity and low labor intensity of installation;
• sufficiently high resistance to corrosion;
• maintainability.

Disadvantages of single-circuit steel chimneys:

• high thermal conductivity leads to rapid cooling of gases and the formation large quantity condensate Pipes require large indentations where the chimney passes through wooden elements buildings (ceiling, walls, roof).
• short service life of the chimney - no more than 15 years.

Steel sandwich chimneys

Double-circuit sandwich chimneys - products made from two steel pipes different diameters, inserted one into the other. The space between the pipes is filled with non-flammable insulation. Thanks to insulation, sandwich pipes have low thermal conductivity, providing additional benefits:

• slow cooling of flue gases and high speed of their passage through the channel;
• minimal condensation formation;
• possibility of external installation without outlet through the roof;
• simplified requirements for installation inside the building and outlet through the roof.

The only drawback of this type of chimney is the price. They are noticeably more expensive than other types of steel chimneys.

Steel corrugated

This type of chimney is made from flexible pipe made from steel strip. Such flexible chimneys are used for lining brick smoke channels curved shape. These types of chimneys are easy to install and maintain, but their service life is very limited.

Ceramic

This type of chimney appeared in Russia quite recently, but quickly became popular, despite high price. Smooth surface ceramic chimney does not need frequent cleaning. Each ceramic chimney element includes:

• chimney made of special fire-resistant ceramics;
• thermal insulation layer made of non-flammable material ensuring safe passage through walls and roofs;
• protective cover made of lightweight cellular concrete.

This type of chimney has all the advantages:

• smooth inner surface;
• round cross-section and smooth, good traction;
• excellent thermal insulation and sealing;
• heat and fire resistance;
• ease of installation;
• durability.

To the disadvantages ceramic chimneys applies only to them high price. They can be used for smoke removal from any stoves, fireplaces, boilers and water heaters.

Asbestos-cement

Asbestos-cement pipes are used in the construction of chimneys for heating devices, the flue gases of which have a temperature of no more than 300 degrees. They are not suitable for conventional ovens. These limitations are caused by the unsatisfactory heat resistance of chrysotile cement.

Advantages of asbestos cement chimneys:

• light weight (if we compare brick chimneys);
• round section;
• simple quick installation;
• very low price.

Price is the deciding factor here. This is the material that can be taken, as they say, “by the bottle.”

Disadvantages of asbestos cement chimneys:

• low strength;
• poor heat resistance;
• lack of thermal insulation;
• complexity of bending;
• unreliable connection with rubber couplings;
• porous wall structure;
• Frequent cleaning of chimneys.

The last point deserves special attention - ignition of soot in asbestos-cement chimneys is a serious problem. For safety reasons, regular cleaning of such chimneys is necessary. Therefore, the use of this type of chimney has significant limitations.

Polymer

Flexible chimneys made of polymer materials used for lining brick or concrete smoke channels. The polymer is not highly heat resistant, so this solution is used only for the removal of not very hot flue gases. These requirements are satisfied geysers and boilers with high efficiency. They cannot be used as a chimney for a stove.

Advantages of polymer chimneys:

• ease of installation;
• light weight and flexibility;
• low price;
• long service life.

Disadvantages of polymer chimneys:

• poor resistance to high temperatures;
• lack of thermal insulation;
• low strength.

In order to do correct device chimney, you must have detailed diagram of this building. Improper masonry can cause the accumulation of harmful toxic substances indoors. Such work must be carried out by a highly qualified specialist who knows everything about such a structure.

Correct level smoke draft ensures rapid removal of carbon monoxide from the living space. This structure is a kind of pencil case that removes caustic combustion products.

Several models of chimneys are presented in specialized departments. They differ in their structure and the material from which they are made. Our guide presents detailed instructions How to make a chimney for a stove with your own hands. Recommendations experienced specialists make the task much easier.

Types of chimneys

Exhaust shafts through which harmful gases saturated with combustion products are removed are required not only for standard stoves, but also for fireplaces and gas boilers. Today, several types of chimneys are known. These include:

Straight streaming. This variety is considered a popular structure, which is most often used for arranging living space. The only drawback of such a chimney is rapid heat loss. In addition to toxic substances, most of the thermal energy evaporates here.

Straight flow pipes with jumpers. They retain most of the heat during the combustion process of materials. This design is quite often used in baths. Such a chimney long burning The oven requires constant cleaning. Ash quickly settles on the surface of the lintels, thereby preventing rapid elimination toxic substances.

Straight flow chimney with a labyrinth. This variety is different high heat transfer. Carbon monoxide pass through numerous jumpers. They quickly heat the walls of the chimney, thereby contributing to maximum heating of the room.

Kolpakovy. It is used for Russian stoves. The hot smoke quickly rises, where it gradually begins to cool. After this, it descends along the arch of the chimney masonry. The only drawback of such a structure is its uneven heating.

Modular. They are made from a metal alloy. They are intended for heating systems running on gas. Metal chimneys for stoves are able to cope with acidic compounds of methane combustion products. Brickwork in this case it will quickly collapse.

Chimney device

The effective operation of a chimney shaft directly depends on several criteria. For example, the section, height and material from which it is made.

What needs to be taken into account when constructing such a structure:

Outlet size heating device should be slightly smaller than the cross-section of the chimney duct. If the diameter is slightly larger, you will need an additional adapter that will regulate the smoke removal process.

Particular attention must be paid to the horizontal part of the structure. Warm air moves upward quickly. Soot and combustion products quickly begin to settle here.

Regulation of traction by reducing the length of these segments will help shorten this process. They must be less than one meter. In addition, it is necessary to provide a condensate trap and doors for cleaning the chimney.

For sauna stove, it is best to use a vertical chimney. In some cases, it is possible to lay metal pipe. During the fixation process, it is recommended to observe correct angle tilt It should be no more than 2 meters.

Stages of creating a vertical chimney

To create a chimney shaft, you need to prepare the following tools and materials. For this you will need:

• first grade brick;
• construction composition;
• level;
• rope for guide;
• ladder;
• design diagram.

Creating a chimney includes the following steps:

The first layer is laid out from five bricks. The laying must be neat and even. Subsequent rows are made according to the same pattern.

When the required height is obtained, you can proceed to the construction of the edge. Each subsequent row adds 35 ml more. The result will be a stepped structure in the ceiling area.

After the pipe has reached the attic level, it begins to be laid according to the initial stage. The diameter of the hole should gradually decrease.

The final stage will be to remove the brick shaft beyond the roof. The photo of the chimney for the stove shows the entire working process.

Photo of chimneys for the stove

From optimal size The cross-section and height of the chimney depends on the efficiency and performance of the stove. SNiP rules and several calculation options will help you choose the right size for a wood-burning stove in your home.

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Why do you need to know the diameter?

Beginners do not understand the importance of the chimney cross-section for a stove and why it is so important to correctly calculate not only the internal size, but also the height of the pipe. During development individual project For autonomous system heating residential or production premises, the level of traction and performance of the unit depend on the accuracy of the data.

Inexperienced builders can make a pipe with a large or insufficient cross-section. In any such option, work heating device is violated, and you are simply throwing money away. For optimal performance For a home heating system, it is important to carry out an accurate calculation and familiarize yourself with the recommendations of regulatory documents.

Important! Fire safety home, work productivity, comfortable temperature- the solution to all these issues depends on correct definition sizes and lengths chimney.

What should be the diameter of the chimney for a stove?

The size of the chimney can be calculated in several ways. The simplest one is to determine the cross-section of the chimney depending on the size of the combustion compartment. Solid fuel consumption is determined by this characteristic, and based on these data, the volume of exhaust gases can be determined.

If you have open view fireboxes and chimney are made of steel round pipe– these values ​​should be in proportion 10 to 1. For example – dimensions combustion chamber 50/40. Such a stove must be equipped with a chimney with a cross-section of 180 mm.

If we make a pipe from brick, it inner size should exceed the size of the ash pan or ash pan door by one and a half times. Minimum size square cavity for gas removal - 140/140 mm.

Calculation methods

Exact method + formula

Calculating a chimney for a stove is not a task for beginners. It is better to entrust such work to professionals. But if you decide to calculate this parameter yourself, you will need knowledge of basic data and several formulas:

• B is the combustion rate coefficient of solid fuel. This value is determined based on the data in table No. 10 of GOST 2127;
• V – level of volume of fuel burned. This value is indicated on the tag of the industrial device;
• T – heating level of exhaust gases at the exit point from the chimney. For wood stoves — 1500.

1. The total area of ​​the chimney. It is calculated based on the ratio of gas volumes, this value is designated “Vr”, and the speed of their movement in the pipeline. For household oven working on wood, this number is 2 m/sec.
2. The diameter of a round pipe is calculated using the formula - d² = (4 * Vr) / (π * W), where W is the speed of gas movement. It is better to perform all calculations on a calculator and carefully enter all values.

Calculating the optimal amount of thrust

This operation is performed to control calculations optimal height and chimney sections. This calculation can be carried out using 2 formulas. We will give the main, but complex, in this chapter, and the main, simple formula Let us present when performing a trial data calculation:

• C is a constant coefficient equal to 0.034 for wood-burning stoves;
• the letter “a” is the value of atmospheric pressure. Magnitude natural pressure in the chimney – 4 Pa;
• The height of the chimney is indicated by the letter “h”.
• T0 – average level atmospheric temperatures;
• Ti is the amount of heating of the exhaust gases as they exit the pipe.

Example of calculating the cross-section of a chimney

We take as a basis:

• the potbelly stove runs on solid fuel;
• up to 10 kg of wood burns in the stove within 60 minutes hardwood trees;
• fuel moisture level – up to 25%.

Let's look at the basic formula again:

The calculation is carried out in several stages:

1. We perform the action in brackets - 1+150/273. After calculations we get the number 1.55.
2. We determine the cubic capacity of the exhaust gases - Vr = (10*10*1.55)/3600. After calculations, we obtain a volume equal to 0.043 m 3 /sec.
3. The area of ​​the chimney pipe is (4*0.043)/3.14*2. The calculation gives a value of 0.027 m2.
4. We take the square root of the chimney area and calculate its diameter. It is equal to 165 mm.

Now we determine the amount of thrust using a simple formula:

1. Using the formula for calculating power, we calculate this value - 10 * 3300 * 1.16. this value is equal to 32.28 kW.
2. We calculate the level of heat loss for each meter of pipe. 0.34*0.196=1.73 0.
3. The level of gas heating at the exit from the pipe. 150-(1.73*3)=144.8 0.
4. Atmosphere pressure gas in the chimney. 3*(1.2932-0.8452)=1.34 m/sec.

Important! Using the data from your furnace, you can perform the calculation yourself, but to be on the safe side, it is better to consult with specialists. The safety of your home and the economical operation of heating devices depend on the correctness of the calculation.

Swedish calculation method

The size of a chimney for a stove can be done using this method, but the main purpose of the Swedish method is to calculate the chimneys of fireplaces with an open firebox.

In this method, the size of the combustion compartment and the volume of air in it are not used for calculation. To determine the correctness of the calculation, use the following graph:

What is important here is the correspondence between the area of ​​the combustion chamber (“F”) and the opening of the chimney (“f”). For example:

• firebox dimensions 770/350 mm. We calculate the area of ​​the compartment - 7.7 * 3.5 = 26.95 cm 2;
• chimney size 260/130 mm, pipe area - 2.6*1.3=3.38 m2;
• We calculate the ratio. (338/2695)*100=12.5%.
• We look at the value 12.5 at the bottom of the table and see that the calculation of the length and diameter was made correctly. For our stove it is necessary to build a chimney 5 m high.

Let's look at another example of calculation:

• the firebox is 800/500 mm, its area is 40 cm 2;
• chimney cross-section 200/200 mm, area 4 cm2;
• We calculate the ratio (400/4000)*100=10%.
• Using the table, we determine the length of the chimney. In our case, for a round sandwich pipe it should be 7 m.

What to do if the chimney cross-section is square?

Cylindrical chimneys, especially after the advent of sandwich pipes, are the most common types of devices. But during construction brick oven you have to lay out a square or rectangular shape.

In such chimneys, turbulence is formed, which prevents the normal passage of exhaust gases and reduces draft. But for wood stoves or fireplaces - rectangular pipes remain the most popular form. Such devices do not require increased level exhaust gas exhaust.

Calculation of a chimney for a wood stove with a square or rectangular cross-section is made taking into account the ratio of the size of the pipe to the size of the blower hole on the stove. This proportion is 1/1.5, where 1 is the internal cross-section of the pipeline, and 1.5 is the dimensions of the blower or ash pan.

What should be the height of the chimney pipe for a stove?

The calculation of this parameter allows us to avoid the occurrence reverse thrust and other possible troubles. This issue is regulated by the rules of SNiP and other documents.

Why is this parameter needed?

In order to understand the importance of this factor, let's take a closer look at several physical laws and the consequences of incorrectly made chimneys. As heated gases pass through, the temperature drops, but warm air or gases always rise.

At the outlet of the pipe, the temperature drops even further. Exhaust gases located in a pipeline with a reliable layer of thermal insulation have high temperature and the column of heated smoke, rising upward, increases the draft in the firebox.

Let's analyze the situation - we reduce the internal cross-section of the pipe and increase the height of the pipe above the roof ridge. If you think that the volume of heated gas increases, the cooling time of the smoke increases and the draft increases, this statement is only half true. The traction will be excellent, even with a large surplus. Firewood will burn quickly and the cost of purchasing fuel will increase.

An excessive increase in the height of the chimney can cause an increase in aerodynamic turbulence and a decrease in the draft level. This is fraught with the occurrence of reverse draft and smoke escaping into living spaces.

SNiP requirements

The length of exhaust gas exhaust pipelines is regulated by the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05. the rules require compliance with several basic installation rules:

• The minimum distance from the grate in the firebox to the protective canopy on the roof is 5000 mm. Height above the level of the flat roof covering 500 mm;
• the height of the pipe above the roof slope or ridge must correspond to the recommended one. We will talk about this in a separate chapter;
• if on flat roof there are buildings, the pipe should be higher. In this case, with a large pipe height, it is secured with braces made of wire or cable;
• if the building is equipped with a ventilation system, their height should not exceed the exhaust gas outlet hood.

Self-calculation method

How to independently calculate the height of the smoke channel, for this you will need to perform a calculation using the formula:

• "A" - climatic and weather in this region. For the north, this coefficient is 160. You can find the value in other areas on the Internet;
• “Mi” is the mass of gases passing through the chimney behind certain time. This value can be found in the documentation of your heating device;
• “F” is the time for ash and other waste to settle on the walls of the chimney. For wood stoves the coefficient is 25, for electric units - 1;
• “Spdki”, “Sfi” - level of concentration of substances in the exhaust gas;
• “V” — exhaust gas volume level;
• “T” is the temperature difference between the air coming from the atmosphere and the exhaust gases.

It makes no sense to give a trial calculation - the coefficients and other values ​​​​will not be suitable for your unit, and extracting square roots will require you to download an engineering calculator.

Table “Height of the chimney above the ridge”

Determine pipe sizes without carrying out complex calculations A table of the height of the chimney above the roof structure will help. First, we will analyze the selection of pipe length for flat roofs.

Conclusion

By performing the calculation or determining the size using the table, you will not only protect your home from fires, but also significantly save on fuel. The main thing is to carefully and responsibly carry out the installation and comfort and coziness in the house will be ensured.

The chimney is a necessary part heating system private house. It provides correct functioning stove or boiler, organizes the removal of harmful combustion products outside the home.

We will try to figure out how to install a chimney with our own hands so that heating communications are safe for both people and the home.

The installation of heating appliances is subject to the requirements set out in regulatory documentation.

Installation of devices is regulated by the provisions SNiP 2.04.05–91 And DBN V.2.5-20-2001. Also, before drawing up a project, it is advisable to study materials about heating systems ( SNiP 41-01-2003), about heat generation devices ( NPB 252–98), O technical conditions for operation of thermal devices ( GOST 9817–95), on the rules and regulations for the operation of smoke ducts (VDPO).

The design of the chimney and installation features must fully comply with the requirements specified in SNiP, otherwise you will not receive a construction inspection certificate, which is issued after commissioning

Some of the requirements are addressed specifically to the installation of chimneys. The design of the structure can be anything, but the material must be non-flammable.

The materials used for the construction of chimneys can be:

• steel;
• ceramics;
• brick.

Without exception, all structures are prefabricated, and the installation itself is fragmentary, since the chimney passes through several rooms (for example, a room and an attic).

To ensure that the structure meets the requirements fire safety, you should correctly calculate its parameters, as well as select the sizes of all the component parts. When installing factory equipment, you must follow all the recommendations set out in the instructions, including the assembly procedure and methods for installing parts.

Image gallery

Transitions through floors and roofs require the use of fire retardants thermal insulation materials, For example, mineral wool, and devices of protective blocks, which can be called “sandwich within a sandwich”

Construction of a chimney for gas boiler, stove or fireplace is a responsible task that requires special permission, design and professional skills. If you are not confident in your abilities, entrust the installation of the pipe to specialists who will carry out the work taking into account all norms and requirements.

If you have already built a chimney yourself or are an expert in this matter, please share your experience and knowledge with our readers. Tell us about the nuances of building a chimney in the block below.

IN Having taken up → (the link tells how to make a stove in the country), the owner inevitably faces the question of how to make a chimney with your own hands. The chimney is needed both to remove combustion products and to create so-called draft in the furnace, an air flow created by a pressure difference that ensures fuel combustion and removal of combustion products.

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What happens in the oven?

The combustion process from a chemical point of view is a process of oxidation, in other words, the combination of substances and oxygen with the release of heat.

The result of the reaction, in addition to heat, will be the appearance of new compounds, as well as the transition of some fuel substances into gaseous form. At the same time, in accordance with the law of conservation: how many substances by weight enter into the reaction, the same amount should be “output”.

If the fuel is solid (coal, firewood, peat, etc.), the lion's share of the remaining weight will be the ash remaining in the furnace. In addition, we will get steamy water, carbon dioxide etc.

Burning gas, or liquid fuel At the output we get carbon dioxide, water vapor and a set of other gaseous compounds. There will be practically no solid residue.

A little physics

Without knowing why and how smoke moves, making a chimney for a stove with your own hands is problematic; at a minimum, it may not be effective enough.

The mechanics here are quite simple: warm air has a lower density than cold air, and therefore less weight, therefore, according to the laws of physics, it “floats”, being pushed out by the heavier one.

During this process, it gradually cools down, mixes with the surrounding air and, finally reaching the same temperature, stops.

If we let warm air through a channel limited by walls that prevents it from mixing with the surrounding air, it will cool much more slowly, especially if the chimney for the stove is made of a material that does not conduct heat well or is additionally insulated.

The longer the chimney, the greater the volume warm air in it, the more significant the power it creates. Accordingly, the pressure air flow– traction – more.

Interference and obstacles

The formation of an area can interfere with the process of smoke exiting the firebox. high blood pressure, which will “plug” the chimney like a plug.

Cooled air in the chimney can become such an obstacle. That is why increasing the height of the chimney makes sense only up to a certain limit, beyond which each centimeter of height will not increase the draft, but decrease it.