Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev

"Biryuk"

Summary

I was driving alone from hunting in the evening, in a cross-country droshky. On the way I was caught by a strong thunderstorm. Somehow I buried myself under a wide bush and patiently waited for the end of the bad weather. Suddenly, with a flash of lightning, I saw a tall figure on the road. It was the local forester. He took me to his house - a small hut in the middle of a vast yard, surrounded by wattle. The hut consisted of one room. In the very middle hung a cradle with a baby, which was rocked by a barefoot girl of 12 years old. I realized that the hostess was not in the hut. Poverty loomed from all angles.

Finally I was able to see the forester. He was tall, broad-shouldered and well-built, his stern and courageous face was overgrown with a beard, small brown eyes boldly looked out from under wide eyebrows. The forester introduced himself as Thomas, nicknamed Biryuk. From Yermolai I often heard stories about Biryuk, whom all the surrounding peasants were afraid of. Even bundles of brushwood could not be taken out of his forest - he was strong and dexterous, like a demon. It was impossible to bribe him, and it was not easy to get out of the world.

I asked if he had a mistress. Biryuk replied with a cruel smile that his wife had abandoned her children and fled with a passer-by tradesman. He could not treat me: there was nothing in the house but bread. Meanwhile the storm had ended and we went out into the yard. Biryuk said that he heard the sound of an ax; I didn't hear anything. The forester took his gun, and we went to the place where the wood was cut down. At the end of the journey, Biryuk was ahead of me. I heard the sounds of a struggle and a plaintive cry. I quickened my pace and soon saw a felled tree, near which the forester was tying the hands of a thief - a wet peasant in rags with a long disheveled beard. I said that I would pay for the tree and asked to let the unfortunate man go. Biryuk was silent.

It rained again. With difficulty we reached the forester's hut. I made a promise to myself to free the poor man at any cost. By the light of the lantern, I could see his tired, wrinkled face and thin body. Soon the peasant began to ask Foma to let him go, but the forester did not agree. Suddenly the peasant straightened up, a blush appeared on his face, and he began to scold Biryuk, calling him a beast.

Biryuk grabbed the peasant, freed his hands with one movement and ordered him to get the hell out of there. I was surprised and realized that in fact Biryuk is a nice fellow. Half an hour later he said goodbye to me at the edge of the forest. retold Yulia Peskovaya

First person story. The hunter was returning home from hunting. There were still eight versts to go to the house. Clouds were rising from behind the forest, and a thunderstorm was approaching. The heat and stuffiness left, and they were replaced by a damp coolness. Accelerating, the hunter drove into the forest. The wind howled loudly, and the drops hit the leaves. Having sheltered under a bush, the hunter was going to wait out the inclement weather there. With another flash of lightning, a tall figure appeared in the distance. It was a local forester. He offered to hide from the storm in his hut. The hunter agreed and they went. He lived in a one-room hut, standing in the middle of a wide courtyard. In the middle of the hut hung a cradle with a child, rocked by a barefoot girl, who looked no more than twelve.

The atmosphere was poor and it was clear from everything that the hostess was not here. The forester was a tall, broad-shouldered brown-eyed man. He called himself Thomas, nicknamed Biryuk. Yermolai said that everyone was afraid of Biryuk, he did not allow even a little brushwood to be taken out of the forest. He was strict and incorruptible. When asked where his wife was, he replied that she had run away with the tradesman, leaving him with the children. The only edible thing in the house was bread, so the guest had nothing to offer. After a thunderstorm, the hunter and the forester went out into the yard. Biryuk heard the sound of an ax and went for a gun. They walked towards the place where the sounds were coming from. Biryuk overtook the hunter and accelerated, then there were sounds of a struggle and a plaintive squeal. Having reached the place where the tree was cut down, the hunter saw a lying tree and a thief tied up by a forester nearby. He was bearded and dressed in rags, it was clear from everything that this man was poor. The hunter asked to be released and promised to pay for the damage. The forester didn't answer. The rain started up with renewed vigor, and the travelers returned home.

The peasant asked the forester to release him, but he was adamant. Suddenly he got angry and started yelling at Biryuk, calling him a beast. Suddenly, the forester abruptly untied the hands of the thief and drove him away. The hunter was surprised. Half an hour later they said goodbye at the edge of the forest.

Compositions

main characters

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Literature lesson in grade 6 The main character of the story "Biryuk" by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev

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The purpose of the lesson:
help to understand the theme and idea of ​​the cycle of stories by I.S. Turgenev “Notes of a Hunter”, analyze the story “Biryuk”, help students through the landscape, interior and portrait to understand the character of the protagonist, identify the level of students' knowledge of the text of the work

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According to his father, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev belonged to an old noble family, his mother, nee Lutovinova, was a wealthy landowner. In her estate, Spasskoe-Lutovinovo (Mtsensk district, Oryol province), the childhood years of the future writer, who early learned to subtly feel nature and hate serfdom, passed.
The origin of the writer
It is difficult to imagine more dissimilar people than the parents of the future writer.
Sergey Nikolaevich
Varvara Petrovna

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"Hunter's Notes"
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev spent almost his entire life in Europe, only briefly coming to Russia. However, he devoted his best works to the Russian people and Russian nature. In the 40-50s of the 19th century, the writer created several works, combined into one collection, Notes of a Hunter. The themes of the stories in the collection are diverse: here are descriptions of landowners oppressing serfs, and bright images of ordinary peasants who managed to save
kindness and sincerity in inhuman conditions, and beliefs, fairy tales of the Russian people, and, of course, beautiful pictures of the nature of central Russia. In all the stories there is one and the same hero - Pyotr Petrovich, a nobleman from the village of Spasskoye. He talks about incidents that happened to him during the hunt. Turgenev endowed his narrator with subtle observation, a special sense of beauty, which helps to convey various situations to the reader more accurately and colorfully. The collection brought the author wide fame.

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"Khor and Kalinich" "Yermolai and the Miller's Woman" "Raspberry Water" "County Physician" "My Neighbor Radilov" "Ovsyannikov's Odnodvorets" "Lgov" "Bezhin Meadow" "Kasian with a Beautiful Sword" "Burmistr" "Office" "Biryuk" " Two landowners "Lebedyan" "Death" "Singers" "Pyotr Petrovich Karataev" "Date"
"Tatyana Borisovna and her nephew" "Hamlet of the Shchigrovsky district" "Chertop-hanov and Nedopyuskin" "The end of Chekrtop-hanov" "Living relics" "Knocking" "Forest and steppe"
"Hunter's Notes"

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The main theme and idea of ​​"Notes of a hunter"
Theme: image of the common Russian people, serfs, assessment of their high spiritual and moral qualities, showing the moral impoverishment of the Russian nobility Idea: protest against serfdom

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The story "Biryuk"
The story "Biryuk" was written in 1847. Creating this work, Turgenev relied on his own impressions of the life of peasants in the Oryol province. The forester Biryuk lived on his mother's estate, whom his own peasants once killed in the forest. The writer put this story into the mouth of his narrator Pyotr Petrovich.
How do you understand the meaning of the word BIRYUK?
Biryuk is a gloomy, gloomy, unsociable, lonely person with a gloomy, gloomy appearance. (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by D.N. Ushakov)

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Story conflict
Why was the forester Foma Kuzmich nicknamed Biryuk? What was the fame about him in the surrounding villages and villages? What are the reasons for the isolation and gloom of Biryuk? Was Biryuk really a misanthrope? Is Biryuk glad of his loneliness? What character traits attract in the main character?
Biryuk - the main character of the story, the forester, who was so nicknamed by the locals for his gloominess and unsociableness - turned out to be, contrary to his nickname, a merciful and kind person.

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What is CONFLICT in a literary work?
At the heart of any literary work is the conflict, which is subject to the development of the plot.
What is the CONFLICT of the story "Biryuk"?
The conflict of the story "Biryuk" is inside the main character himself. His sense of duty conflicts with the sympathy and plight of the "thief". Ultimately, the feeling of pity and compassion wins.
CONFLICT in a literary work is a confrontation, a contradiction between the acting forces: the characters of several heroes or different sides of the character of one hero.
Story conflict

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The landscape in the story "Biryuk" begins with a description of the forest and an impending thunderstorm.
Landscape in a story
What is LANDSCAPE? What role does he play in the work? How does the landscape begin in the story "Biryuk"?
How many moments of the transition of a stuffy evening into a thunderous night did the author capture?
1. The storm was coming. Ahead, a huge purple cloud slowly rose from behind the forest; above me and toward me rushed long gray clouds; the willows stirred and babbled anxiously.
2. Stuffy heat suddenly changed to damp cold; the shadows were rapidly thickening.
3. A strong wind suddenly roared from above, the trees raged, large drops of rain pounded sharply, splashed on the leaves, lightning flashed, and a thunderstorm broke out. The rain poured down in streams.

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Landscape in a story
THUNDER
The storm was coming. Ahead, a huge purple cloud slowly rose from behind the forest; above me and toward me rushed long gray clouds; the willows stirred and babbled anxiously.
The stuffy heat suddenly gave way to a damp chill; the shadows were rapidly thickening.
A strong wind suddenly roared from above, the trees raged, large drops of rain pounded sharply, splashed on the leaves, lightning flashed, and a thunderstorm broke out. The rain poured down in streams.
A THUNDER CONTROLS THE ENVIRONMENT
THE KINGDOM OF STORMS. A THUNDER IN THE STORY IS AN IMAGE, A SYMBOL, THIS IS NOT JUST A NATURAL PHENOMENON: BIRYUK IS A THUNDER OF THIVES. A THUNDER IS A PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF A MAN, HIS FEAR, DESPAIR, TURNED INTO ANGER

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Interior in a story
What is INTERIOR? What role does he play in the work? Find a description of the interior in the story "Biryuk"?
The forester's hut consisted of one room, smoky, low and empty, without beds and partitions. A tattered sheepskin coat hung on the wall. A single-barreled gun lay on the bench, a pile of rags lay in the corner; two large pots stood near the stove. The torch burned on the table, sadly flashing and dying out. In the very middle of the hut hung a cradle, tied to the end of a long pole.

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Interior in a story
The description of the dwelling adds a lot to the portrait of the hero. The atmosphere of Biryuk's hut, "smoky, low, empty," speaks of his poverty, wretchedness and, at the same time, honesty. In the midst of this poverty, the life of two small children of a forester glimmers. The depiction of children sets the reader on compassion and pity for the forester, whose life is tragic and ruthless.

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He was tall, broad-shouldered and well built. His mighty muscles protruded from under his wet zamashka shirt. A black curly beard half covered his stern and courageous face; small brown eyes peered boldly from under wide brows that had grown together.
Portrait in a story
What is a PORTRAIT? What role does he play in the work? Find the portrait of the forester in the story "Biryuk"?

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Before us is a portrait of an unsociable and reserved person, who was made so by the position of a forester, the hatred of peasants, the departure of his wife, who left him two small children, and loneliness. However, Turgenev believes that a person who loves nature and is close to it cannot become angry at life. It is the fusion with nature and the inner beauty of his hero that the author emphasizes.
Portrait in a story

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Writer's skill
I.S. Turgenev believed that beauty is the only immortal thing, it is spilled everywhere, extends its influence even over death, but nowhere shines so brightly as in the human soul. The writer also endowed nature with a soul. The beauty and harmony of nature in the story is opposed by an ominous and dead force, hostile to man - serfdom. But this force is not capable of destroying the soul and humanity.

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Theme of the work: a) the life of Biryuk; b) relationship between father and daughter; c) the hard life of Russian serfs. 2. Genre of the work: a) legend; b) story; c) story. 3. The climax scene of the work is: a) a description of the forester's hut; b) the story of the captured peasant about his life; c) the unexpected anger of the peasant. 4. The harsh and unsociable nature of Biryuk is explained by: a) the attitude of those around him towards him; b) cheating on his wife; c) understanding the true motives that make men steal. 5. The author's attitude towards Biryuk shows: a) sympathy; b) condemnation; c) indifference. 6. When describing a thunderstorm (“... willows stirred and babbled anxiously”, “clouds rushed”) the author uses: a) comparison; b) antithesis; c) personification. 7. Landscape in Turgenev's stories: a) only the background against which the action takes place; b) correlates with the state of mind of the author and characters; c) is opposed to this state.
check yourself

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check yourself
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
c b c c a c a

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CD-ROM "Virtual School Literature Lessons of Cyril and Methodius" Chertov VF Literature Lessons in Grade 6. Lesson plans. - M.: Exam, 2007. Korshunova I.N. , Lipina E.Yu. Tests in Russian literature. - M.: Bustard, 2000 Portrait of the writer: http://www.pushkinmuseum.ru/pict/foto_vystavok/turgenev/turgenev.jpg Spasskoe-Lutovinovo: http://blog.zvab.com/wp-content/spasskoje2 .jpg Writer's parents: http://im2-tub.yandex.net/i?id=245410689-42-72 http://im2-tub.yandex.net/i?id=193862540-05-72 Book cover: http://www.libex.ru/dimg/1ef26.jpg Illustration. Types from the “Notes of a Hunter” by I.S. Turgeneva (Böhm (Endaurova) Elizaveta Merkuryevna): http://gallerix.ru/album/Endaurova/pic/glrx-949188232 Lebedev K.V. Illustrations for "Notes of a Hunter": http://www.turgenev.org.ru/art-gallery/zhizn-iskusstvo-vremya/153-2.jpg Zhlabovich A.G. Illustrations for the "Notes of a Hunter": http://artnow.ru/img/612000/612770.jpg Frame from the farm "Biryuk": http://www.kino-teatr.ru/movie/kadr/543/83886 .jpg Thunderstorm (animation): http://logif.ru/publ/priroda/groza_molnii_i_dozhd/14-1-0-79

One of the types of a "good" man is bred in the story "Biryuk". He lives in a poor hut with two children - his wife ran away with some tradesman. He serves as a forester and they say about him that he “will not let a bundle of firewood be dragged away ... and nothing can take him: neither wine, nor money - he does not go for any bait.” He is sullen and silent; to the author’s questions, he sternly replies: “I’m doing my job - I don’t have to eat the master’s bread for nothing.” Despite this external severity, he is a very compassionate and kind person at heart. Usually, having caught a peasant in the forest, he only tempts him, and then, taking pity, lets him go in peace. The author of the story becomes a witness to the following scene: Biryuk releases the peasant he caught in the forest, realizing that only extreme need made this poor man decide to steal. At the same time, he does not at all show off his noble deeds - he is rather embarrassed that an outsider witnessed this scene. He is one of those people who at first glance do not stand out, but are able to suddenly do something out of the ordinary, after which they again become the same ordinary people.

His majestic posture - tall stature, powerful shoulders, a stern and courageous face, wide eyebrows and small brown eyes that looked boldly - everything about him revealed an extraordinary person. Biryuk performed his duty as a forester so conscientiously that everyone said about him: “He won’t let a bundle of brushwood be dragged away ... And nothing can take it: neither wine nor money; will not take any bait." Stern in appearance, Biryuk had a tender, kind heart. In the forest he catches a peasant who has cut down a tree, so he intimidates that he will threaten not to give the horse back, and the matter usually ends with taking pity on the thief and letting him go. Biryuk loves to do a good deed, he also loves to fulfill his duties conscientiously, but he will not shout about it at all crossroads, and will not show off this.

Severe honesty does not stem from Biryuk from any speculative principles: he is a simple peasant. But his deeply direct nature made him understand how to fulfill the duty he had taken upon himself. “I’m doing my job,” he says sullenly, “you don’t have to eat the master’s bread for free ...”. Biryuk is a good person, though rude in appearance. He lives alone in the forest, in a hut "smoky, low and empty, without curtains and partitions", with two children, abandoned by his wife, who ran away with a passer-by tradesman; it must have been family grief that made him sullen. He is a forester, and they say about him that “he won’t let a bunch of brushwood be dragged away ... and you can’t take him with anything: neither wine, nor money, nor any bait.” The author had a chance to witness how this incorruptible honest man released a thief he had caught in the forest, a peasant who had cut down a tree - he released him because he felt with his honest and generous heart the hopeless grief of a poor man who, out of desperation, decided on a dangerous business. The author beautifully depicts in this scene the whole horror of poverty, to which the peasant sometimes comes.

The childhood of I. S. Turgenev passed in the Oryol region. A nobleman by birth, who received an excellent secular upbringing and education, he early witnessed an unfair attitude towards the common people. Throughout his life, the writer was distinguished by an interest in the Russian way of life and sympathy for the peasants.

In 1846, Turgenev spent several summer and autumn months in his native estate Spasskoe-Lutovinovo. He often went hunting, and on long trips around the neighborhood, fate brought him together with people of different classes and wealth. The results of observations of the life of the local population were stories that appeared in 1847-1851 in the journal Sovremennik. A year later, the author combined them into one book, called "Notes of a Hunter." Among them was a story written in 1848 with the unusual title "Biryuk".

The narration is conducted on behalf of Pyotr Petrovich, a hunter who unites all the stories of the cycle. At first glance, the plot is quite simple. The narrator, returning somehow from a hunt, gets caught in the rain. He meets a forester who offers to wait out the bad weather in his hut. So Petr Petrovich becomes a witness to the difficult life of a new acquaintance and his children. Foma Kuzmich leads a secluded life. The peasants living in the district do not like and are even afraid of the formidable forester, and for his unsociableness they gave him the nickname Biryuk.

The summary of the story can be continued with an unexpected incident for the hunter. When the rain subsided a little, the sound of an ax was heard in the forest. Biryuk and the narrator go to the sound, where they find a peasant who has decided to steal, even in such bad weather, obviously not from a good life. He tries to pity the forester with persuasion, talks about a hard life and hopelessness, but he remains adamant. Their conversation continues in the hut, where the desperate peasant suddenly raises his voice and begins to accuse the owner of all the peasant troubles. In the end, the latter does not stand up and releases the offender. Gradually, in the course of the unfolding scene, Biryuk reveals himself to the narrator and reader.

Appearance and behavior of the forester

Biryuk was well built, tall and broad-shouldered. His black-bearded face looked both stern and manly; brown eyes peered boldly out from under broad brows.

All actions and behavior expressed determination and impregnability. His nickname was not accidental either. This word in the southern regions of Russia is called a lone wolf, which Turgenev knew well. Biryuk in the story is an unsociable, stern person. That is how he was perceived by the peasants, on whom he always inspired fear. Biryuk himself explained his steadfastness by a conscientious attitude to work: “you don’t have to eat the master’s bread for free.” He was in the same difficult situation as most of the people, but he was not used to complaining and hoping for someone.

Hut and family of Foma Kuzmich

A painful impression is made by acquaintance with his housing. It was one room, low, empty and smoky. She did not feel a woman's hand: the hostess ran away with the tradesman, leaving her husband two children. A tattered sheepskin coat hung on the wall, and a pile of rags lay on the floor. The hut smelled of cooled smoke, making it difficult to breathe. Even the torch burned sadly and then went out, then flared up again. The only thing the host could offer the guest was bread, he had nothing else. So sadly and in a beggarly way lived the fearful Biryuk.

The story continues with a description of his children, which completes the gloomy picture. In the middle of the hut hung a cradle with a baby, it was rocked by a girl of about twelve with timid movements and a sad face - her mother left them in the care of her father. The narrator's "heart ached" from what he saw: it is not easy to enter a peasant's hut!

The heroes of the story "Biryuk" in the scene of the theft of the forest

Thomas reveals himself in a new way during a conversation with a desperate peasant. The appearance of the latter eloquently speaks of the hopelessness and complete poverty in which he lived: he is dressed in rags, his beard is disheveled, his face is drunk, and his whole body is incredibly thin. The intruder cut down the tree carefully, apparently hoping that in bad weather the probability of being caught was not so great.

Caught stealing the master's forest, he first begs the forester to let him go, calls him Foma Kuzmich. However, the more the hope that he will be released melts away, the more angry and sharper the words begin to sound. The peasant sees before him a murderer and a beast deliberately humiliating the peasant.

I. Turgenev introduces a completely unpredictable denouement into the story. Biryuk suddenly grabs the intruder by the sash and pushes him out the door. We can assume what was going on in his soul during the entire scene: compassion and pity come into conflict with a sense of duty and responsibility for the task assigned. The situation was aggravated by the fact that Foma knew from his own experience how hard the life of a peasant is. To Pyotr Petrovich's surprise, he only waves his hand.

Description of nature in the story

Turgenev has always been famous as a master of landscape sketches. They are also present in the work "Biryuk".

The story begins with a description of an ever-increasing and expanding thunderstorm. And then, completely unexpectedly for Pyotr Petrovich, Foma Kuzmich appears from the forest, dark and wet, who feels at home here. He easily pulls the frightened horse from its place and, keeping calm, leads it to the hut. Turgenev's landscape is a reflection of the essence of the protagonist: Biryuk leads life as gloomy and gloomy as this forest in bad weather.

The summary of the work needs to be supplemented with one more point. When the sky begins to clear up a little, there is hope that the rain will end soon. Like this scene, the reader suddenly discovers that the impregnable Biryuk is capable of good deeds and simple human sympathy. However, this “slightly” remains - an unbearable life has made the hero the way the local peasants see him. And this cannot be changed overnight and at the request of a few people. Both the narrator and the readers come to such unhappy thoughts.

Meaning of the story

The cycle "Notes of a Hunter" includes works that reveal the image of ordinary peasants in different ways. In some stories, the author draws attention to their spiritual breadth and wealth, in others he shows how talented they can be, in the third he describes their meager life ... In this way, different sides of the character of a peasant are revealed.

Lawlessness and the miserable existence of the Russian people in the era of serfdom - this is the main theme of the story "Biryuk". And this is the main merit of Turgenev the writer - to draw public attention to the tragic situation of the main breadwinner of the entire Russian land.

Biryuk is a lonely and gloomy person. The forester lives with his children, in the thicket of the forest. His job is to protect the forest from bandits and thieves who try to cut down the trees. The biryuk's wife left, leaving two children with him.

Biryuk's usual working day starts early in the morning, he has to get up early, as thieves can come at any moment to cut down trees.

He goes out into the yard, listens, if he hears the knocks of an ax, he quickly, thanks to his hearing and knowledge of the forest, determines the direction and goes to the sound. Local men are afraid of the forester, for his strength, dexterity and mastery of his craft. Biryuk quickly puts the thieves on the ground and, holding them by the collar, leads them to his hut.

He lives with two children. One of twelve years old - Julitta, and a small child in a cradle. Julitta helps Biryuk around the house and takes care of a small child during his absence. In their small hut there is one empty room, a dim torch shines. Biryuk's life is simple and monotonous.

Updated: 2016-09-19

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