How to build from sip panels yourself. Do-it-yourself frame house from sip panels, making sip panels at home. The main tool you will need when assembling a SIP house yourself

SIP panels are a type of so-called sandwich panels. Their function is a load-bearing support, for this reason they are used for the construction of frame-panel structures.

Canadian technologies have made it possible to connect panels using a tongue-and-groove method. The panels include three layers: insulation and two rigid sheets. Wooden frame performs a load-bearing function and can withstand heavy loads.

Types of sip panels:

• Roofing;
• Wall;
• For floors.

These panels include OSB boards and foamed, their combination gives high strength and thermal insulation. The materials are joined with a special polymer glue. Polyurethane foam, fiberglass, mineral wool, and polyisocyanurate foam can also be used as insulation.

How are houses built from this type of panels?

The frame, floor, roof frame, interfloor ceilings are constructed from beams different sections. Thanks to insulation, you can build attics with less money.

OSB boards are made from shavings, the fibers of which are laid in different directions, and are impregnated with a special moisture-resistant composition. External finishing can be done with siding, brick or ceramic panels.

Walls can be insulated waterproofing film and drywall.

Pros and cons of building houses from sip panels

A house made of sip panels is hygienic, environmentally friendly and fire resistant, without posing a danger to people or animals.

A thick layer of polystyrene foam will keep the house warm even at high temperatures sub-zero temperature on the street and save money family budget on heating. Even panel and brick houses. For comparison, for a brick house to have the same thermal conductivity, the walls must be 1.5 meters wide.

Along with this, the panels have high sound insulation.

The use of sip panels allows increase the speed of building construction several times (1-2 months), and you can work with them at any time of the year. They are easy and convenient to transport.

Price issue

Let us clarify how much it costs to build such a house. To date construction from sip panels is the cheapest option. The turnkey price per square meter, including foundation, finishing, roof, electricity, heating, is 300-450 USD. For example, for this price you can build a brick house box.

Due to its lightness, the impact on the foundation is minimized.

The main disadvantage of “Canadian houses” is the conservatism of the population. Many are afraid to use new technologies to build a house as a reproach to the usual ones (brick, panel houses). Of course, all building materials have their disadvantages and advantages, but in the case of sip panels there are no serious disadvantages.

Often, competitors create a negative opinion about these buildings. This applies to both sellers of building materials and builders who adhere to traditional construction methods.

Myths about sip panels

Ventilation must be carefully considered

This is not necessary, the ventilation just needs to be better than in traditional houses. By the way, it is often simply absent from them.

Fire hazard of the building

Any building can burn down. To prevent fires, there are now many drugs on the market, including protective agents wooden materials(fire retardant paints and compounds). And of course, follow basic safety measures.

Rodent problems

This minus can also be applied to all houses, even in brick houses There may be rodents. It is worth noting that they do not feed on basalt wool and polystyrene foam.

The need for insulation

A house made of any building material must be insulated in accordance with the prescribed norms and rules.

Stages of construction of a vulture house

Now let's talk in more detail about the construction of a Canadian house.

1. Project selection

Any construction must begin with a project. If you don't pay attention to at this stage, then the results of the buildings may be sad.

In buildings without a design you can often see a single load-bearing frame, which is responsible for the strength of the structure. Cutting panels is minimized to save time. However, the danger of structures is not taken into account.

The basis can be any project, since the features of sip panels are taken into account not at the sketch stage, but already at the detailed design stage. Here you need the help of a qualified specialist.

The architectural part of the project outlines the appearance and layout. Independent floor planning can lead to such shortcomings as a narrow corridor, steep staircase, etc.

The cost of the finished project varies from 200 to 600 rubles per square meter. How to design a house yourself? You can select a project in any catalog or take published projects on the Internet as a basis and remake them for yourself. Many people do just that.

Construction two-story houses will be much cheaper than one-story ones with the same area. However, it should be noted that the usable space in two-story building goes under the staircase hall, additional bathroom.

The main thing is to find the option you like, determine your needs, and compare them with your capabilities. If necessary, change the area, remove excesses.

When studying finished projects, you need to pay attention to the fact that the total area is calculated differently. There are different counting rules, which can distort the final result even by half.

Surely many have wondered how to build canadian house yourself. Services construction organizations will have to use it anyway.

Panels with the required parameters can be manufactured according to the project. Of course you can buy ready-made panels standard size and then cut them to fit the project. But this is long and labor-intensive work. After completing the order, the panels are transported to construction site and the assembly of the house begins.

Buying a house kit

There are also now many companies selling house kits created on the “we build it ourselves” principle. This construction set for adults includes a ready-made frame that simply needs to be assembled at the construction site; assembly instructions are included.

All wooden components are cut according to the design at the factory, and the buyer receives ready-made, marked products.

3. Foundation

A sip house is considered lightweight, and therefore does not need a heavy buried foundation. Often a strip, pile-grillage, or strip-column structure is erected.

For construction shallow foundation it is necessary to mark the site and excavate the soil (depth 50-60 cm, width 40 cm). The next stage is its compaction.

To do this, sand is poured into a 10 cm layer and compacted. Next, crushed stone is poured using the same principle. Now you can begin installing the formwork, the height is 50 cm above the ground. Before doing this, you must make holes.

After this, it is tied and installed in the trench. The foundation is being poured concrete mortar and dries within a month. The wooden formwork is removed.

A two- or three-layer roofing material is laid on the foundation, onto which bitumen mastic is coated. Afterwards it is laid in the middle of the foundation and connected at the corners. We secure it with a dowel.

4. Gender

Canadian technologies provide for the complete construction of a house with sip panels (walls, roof, floor). But Russian companies are of the opinion that it is better to make ordinary floors on logs. The space between the joists must be filled with insulation.

This method is more reliable and durable; you can easily install the floor if an unforeseen situation occurs.

Let's talk about the stages of laying a floor from sip panels.

• To begin with, prepare the bars.

They will also be lags, beams that are inserted between the panels. Their length should allow them to easily lie on the foundation.

• The panels are cut with a saw in accordance with the required size.

If necessary, you can remove the insulation with a thermal cutter. Please note that the gap between the insulation and the edge of the OSP board should not exceed 2-2.5 cm.

• The corner panel is used first during assembly.

• Next, the second panel is attached.

It is pre-foamed, the beam is attached and pressed. Further everything follows the same principle.

• The grooves around the perimeter are filled with boards 2.5 cm wide.

The algorithm of actions is simple: fill the groove with polyurethane foam, insert the board, press it, and fix it. Heavy equipment will allow you to lay the resulting structure. The part of the beam that protrudes is secured to the foundation with a steel angle.

5. Walls

The main task is to minimize panel joints, and only after that think about how to reduce waste.

The lower groove in the two panels is filled with foam and placed on the bench; these panels are installed in the corner and secured with self-tapping screws.

Then the installation scheme is the same: we fill the groove and the bottom of the panel with foam, which we put on the bench, insert a square beam between the panels, press it, and fix it.

After the final installation of the walls, we treat the upper groove with foam, insert the strapping beam there, and fix it with self-tapping screws.

6. Roof

Then we attach the covering beams to the upper strapping beams. The roof can be made of traditional rafters, which will rest on grooves in the beams. Next, the sheathing is filled and the roof is laid.

For attic lovers, we can offer roof insulation. The space between the rafters is filled with insulation and covered with a vapor barrier film. On the outside, a waterproofing superdiffusion membrane can be applied to the insulation.

It is much easier to insulate the space between horizontal beams than in walls. In the ceiling, the insulation does not shrink much.

I would like to pay attention to the beams (wooden frames). Wood is a living material and can become deformed and crack. To avoid these troubles, you should first dry it in the chamber. But this is a budget and not the most reliable method.

The most rational way is to use laminated timber(wooden I-beams, LVL timber). These materials are several times more expensive, but quality and safety are paramount.

Before laying soft tiles, as well as other roofing, you should carefully consider the ventilation gap. Otherwise, the steam will not find a way out and will lead to negative aspects. Pay due attention to vapor barrier of joints; this can be done with adhesive tape.

We suggest watching the following video to make the above information more clear.

If the roof is planned to be made entirely of sip panels, then installation begins from one edge and builds up along the ridge. First, the first rafters are installed and fixed with self-tapping screws, then the panels are attached using the already familiar algorithm.

Wiring

Separately, it is worth mentioning about the installation of electrical wiring. First of all, a diagram is developed, then the markings of the electrical route and electrical points are made. The bases of fasteners for switches, sockets and lighting fixtures must be metal.

In case of using metal pipes or hoses ( hidden wiring) fireproof material is laid between them and the sandwich panels - a box and PVC corrugation. At the bends of the pipe it is necessary to weld or seat on threaded connection. A plastic insert is installed at the edges of the pipes.

The video below is an example high-quality installation electrical wiring. The disadvantage of the material is its excessive length, however, the authors acknowledge this disadvantage and recommend watching it before 10:27 and after 30:46.

Basic mistakes

At self-construction Sip houses often try to save as much as possible, while making typical mistakes:

• Simplification of the power structure.

Under no circumstances should this be done. Installing floors between floors with long panels, as well as installing floors with solid slabs, will lead to a sad result in the future. The slabs will become loose and begin to creak.

• Total savings.

Saving time and money is, of course, good, but everything should be in moderation. There is no need to build a house from large sections of panels. By saving on timber and cutting parts, you endanger your living in the house.

• Poor quality panels.

This can be the biggest problem when buying panels. You can often find cheap homemade sip panels in hardware stores. They have very poor gluing and such a construction can simply be dangerous.

• Incorrect calculation of the installation gap.

It is also called the dilatation gap; at the joints it should be 3 mm. However, following this recommendation is very difficult. You can simply trim the outer panel if there is a slight discrepancy with the strapping.

In the very general view— building a house and installation technology are not difficult, although they require the well-known “measure seven times, cut once” approach. In general, when compared with other materials and methods, building a house from sip panels can be done easily and quickly; 2-4 people can handle this task.

No matter what anyone says, unification has always had a positive effect not only on the speed of production, but also on its cost. AND building sector- not an exception. Unification in frame housing construction led to the development of SIP panels and similar enlarged building materials.

The SIP panel itself was invented in 1935 in the USA; insulation was first glued into it in 1952. Since the early 60s of the last century, it began to be mass-produced, which influenced the reduction in the construction time of houses and their price in America, and then in Canada. SIP panel technologies came to Russia in the late 90s.

And this procession, unlike the USA, where tens of millions of square meters Such housing has not yet become a triumph, and its cost is 30-40% higher than abroad. This is partly due to the mentality of our developer, partly due to the high cost of components imported from abroad, the prices of which are used by rare domestic producers who have mastered the production of similar products. But once upon a time, before releasing our own semi-truck, we also purchased a batch of Ford trucks.

What does a SIP panel consist of and how is it produced?

The design of the SIP panel is extremely simple, which means it is easily repeatable, but the copyright holders and patent holders will not miss theirs, so they factored their interest into the cost of the equipment for its production. And the essence of the technology is to glue between two sheets of OSB (oriented strand board - OSB) a polystyrene foam block PSB-S-25, where C is self-extinguishing, and 25 is density (from 15 to 25 kg/m3). Its thickness ranges from 100 to 200 mm, depending on the type of building and the climatic zone where it is being built. Also, thinner panels can be used when constructing partitions inside frame house from SIP panels. Along the contour of the panel there are grooves for connecting and fastening bars. It must be said that panels with 100 mm insulation in terms of thermal conductivity correspond to approximately a one and a half meter wall made of solid burnt clay brick, but according to the current Russian standards for middle zone you need 120 mm polystyrene foam. Therefore, most manufacturers of SIP panels offer standard products with 140 mm PSB-S-25 and OSB thickness of 10 - 12 mm.

Making SIP panels with your own hands

It is best to cut foam plastic with a nichrome string, to which you must supply direct current from an adjustable transformer (parameters are selected depending on the length and thickness of the wire). The charger can act as a charger car device or welding machine.

In the manufacture of SIP panels, one-component polyurethane adhesive is used. On standard equipment, it is applied using 4 dozen nozzles for greater uniformity of distribution. The gluing process itself is carried out under pressure. For this purpose, either vacuum or mechanical presses are used. The number of panel blanks in a stack and the number of glued stacks depend on the parameters of the press.

At home, it is not difficult to make a SIP panel with your own hands. From the entire chain of technology, it is necessary to highlight only one process for explanation - applying glue and suggest pressing parameters. The rest is not difficult to implement, and a thinking person will also create a couple of devices for the relative positioning of the panel components.

So here's how to apply the glue. Choose almost any polyurethane balloon adhesive for polystyrene foam (the better known one), take a paint sprayer with an upper tank and a 2.5 mm nozzle. From an old professional spray foam gun, unscrew the assembly for connecting cylinders with ball valve. Immediately make sure that it is working properly or clean it with a special washing liquid. Make a simple adapter with the appropriate threads and connect them together. Connect to the compressor and get a uniform layer of glue (or foam) adjustable in thickness.

To be fair, it must be said that ordinary professional polyurethane foam will work no worse than glue, but will require a little more skill from you. The grooves in SIP panels are made with a depth of 25 to 40 mm, while the lower and upper trim boards will have exactly this thickness, and the connecting beams will be twice as thick.

Place the resulting sandwich under an evenly distributed load at the rate of 15 - 20 kg/m2 and leave for a couple of hours. The standard panel has an area of ​​3.11 sq.m. The load can be several wooden beams. As panels are made, add them to the stack, moving the load to the top one - the newly made one. The main thing when laying is not to move the sheets. Tip: Cut 6 pieces of board to the appropriate width and use them as templates during assembly, joining with self-tapping screws.

You will be able to fully use your SIP panels the next day.

On what foundations are SIP panel houses assembled?

Such houses can be mounted on any foundations and here main role should not be carried out by the type of frame formation (in this case it is platform, American, Canadian, pallet), but by the condition of the base - the soil. It is clear that if you have swampy soil, the area has a complex topography or the groundwater is high, we will recommend screw piles with a powerful wooden bottom frame, or a platform immediately formed on its basis.

If you have soils subject to large frost heave, make a well-insulated floating foundation. It will also serve as a platform on which you can directly install SIP panels by securing the installation board with anchors, which partly serves as the bottom trim.

Under standard conditions, a grillage on poles is best suited for this type of frame.

Floor panels can be assembled directly on it, having previously treated them with a primer. In addition to sufficient strength for such a foundation, there will be one requirement when choosing SIP panel construction technology: ensuring good ventilation of the underground space.

SIP panel assembly technology

The connection of SIP panels to each other is carried out by gluing timber onto polyurethane foam, which fits evenly into their grooves. Fastening of panels to a floor or ceiling platform is also carried out using a tongue-and-groove system, with the role of a tenon being performed by the boards of the bottom and top harness appropriate sizes.

The bottom board is also called the installation board. Its thickness can be from 25 mm to 40 mm. Corner connections are made according to the same principle, only the installation board is attached to the vertical panel.

As a rule, its thickness is half the thickness of the connecting beam. Fixing parts at seams is most often done using wood screws, less often with a nail gun. The design of a SIP-panel house is so durable that for the lower and upper trim, as well as corner connections A 25mm thick board is enough.

If you decide to make SIP panels with your own hands, and we tried to convey to you that this is not so difficult, then we hope that you will make the panels of specific sizes and configurations, with ready-made connecting nodes, and you will not need additional trimming on the site. But, if you find it more profitable to buy ready-made panels from the manufacturer, we recommend ordering them to be cut for your project. Many companies sell house kits.

To cut standard SIP panels yourself, you will need at least a large grinder with 230 mm discs, or the same hand-held circular saw, a long thin sharp knife for cutting and a simple device for cutting foam plastic with a nichrome string (see photo below). Expanded polystyrene is cut to a little more than half the thickness of the connecting beam.

Time frame for assembling a house made from sip panels

Assembly one-story house 2-3 people can easily make SIP panels; it is better to make panels together. The weight of a standard SIP panel with dimensions 2500 x 1250 x 160 is 43 – 44 kg, and with a thickness of 164 (OSP-12) – up to 50 kg. Floor and roof panels are often made longer and narrower for rigidity, or additional beams are glued into them during manufacturing.

From practice, two strong men on the first floor can handle a panel with dimensions of 1250 x 5000. Above that, helpers are needed. Attic or two-storey house assembled by 4 people with the involvement of 2 helpers for a couple of days, if you do not use lifting and transport mechanisms.

And if you have cozy place for the production of SIP panels and a site for their temporary storage, then from all systems frame house construction, this one is the most optimal, trust my experience. A 100-square-meter house without any special architectural frills can be assembled by a team of the above-mentioned composition in a maximum of a week, with measured work in compliance with hourly standards labor legislation. And if it’s you personally and your good friends or relatives will help you, it will take even less time. And you can adapt to the weather.

Below is an accelerated video of the assembly of a house from sip panels - it’s very interesting to see how it looks from the outside.

Dear readers, if you have any questions, please ask them using the form below. We will be glad to communicate with you;)

The companies that create and sell it talk a lot about the advantages of prefabricated housing made from SIP panels. However, the relatively simple technology of building a house from SIP panels, built with your own hands, reveals many nuances. They are contained, for example, in the issues of creating optimal project foundation for construction from SIP or a choice from several existing most suitable method connecting building elements to each other.

What you should immediately pay attention to

Even at the stage of choosing the size of the future house, the first appears. Indeed, in order to minimize waste of building materials, it is necessary to take into account the standard width of the SIP panel - 1.25 m. If the development of the house project was ordered from a specialized organization, then expansion gaps will also be included in the construction plan. These are 3 mm tolerances, which are specifically left at the junction of two panels. However, as experience shows, OSB-3 boards, which make up the cladding of SIP panels, can have quite significant deviations in standard sizes. So, in accordance with the standards, the permissible error is +/- 3 mm per linear meter. In addition, SPI panels from different batches may also differ significantly linear dimensions, up to 5 mm. This leads to the fact that, for example, one of the 8 panels that make up a 10 m long wall on the plan will have to be cut at the installation site. You can, on the contrary, get a gap of 20-30 mm, which is already eliminated by filling with polyurethane foam.

Choosing a foundation

Structures made from SIP panels have significantly less weight than walls made of brick or even porous concrete (gas or foam blocks) and, often, they do not require wide, powerful foundations. However, when choosing the type of foundation, it is necessary to focus on the characteristics of the soil. Therefore, houses using the new technology of SIP panels can use the following types of foundations:

1. Reinforced concrete monolithic shallow slab

This is the so-called “Swedish” or “floating” foundation. It is one of the most expensive, but most effective bases. It is recommended to use it on weak-bearing unstable soils (swampy, quicksand, peat bogs). Moreover, if the area is marked high level lifting or standing groundwater, then under the reinforced concrete monolithic slab An extensive drainage system should be installed.

“Floating” foundations often contain elements of the main utilities of the house, layers of insulation, and in some cases, heating systems. This design can play the role of a heat accumulator and significantly increases the energy efficiency of the entire structure.

Technology for building houses from SIP panels slab base allows the construction of two and three-story buildings.

2. Strip foundation

On non-heaving soils, its depth may be higher than the freezing level. If you plan to equip the house basement or the rock adjacent to the base is subject to severe frost heaving, then the base of the foundation is buried below the actual freezing mark. Ribbon structures, especially reinforced concrete ones, have a fairly high load-bearing capacity, so they can be used for the construction of houses of any number of floors.

3. Bored pile foundation

It is characterized by a laying depth exceeding the level of soil freezing. Installation of SIP panels is carried out on a prefabricated reinforced concrete grillage, which performs the functions of tying piles. Bored supports support the weight of structures, allowing houses with attics to be built on them.

4. Screw piles

A prefabricated wooden rand beam is usually used as a strapping on them. On soils with average bearing capacity, screw piles can be used in the construction one-story houses, as well as having small attics.

Zero level

Before starting the installation of SIP panels, a lower trim (crown) beam with a section of 100x150 mm is laid on the foundation base. The place where it is placed should be reliably waterproofed. For this, bituminous mastic, roofing felt (in two layers) or several layers of bituminous paper are used. In addition, the timber itself must be treated with antiseptic and water-repellent compounds. The figure below shows a diagram of laying the strapping on a strip foundation.

IMPORTANT! For installation of the bottom beam, removal of " zero level“, it is necessary to approach with special responsibility. Not only the ease of subsequent assembly of SIP panels, but also the quality and durability of the entire structure depends on the accuracy of its positioning.

Crown fastening

The lower beam is fastened to the base using anchor bolts with a diameter of 10-12 mm. They are buried in the concrete by at least 100 mm, installed in increments of 50 cm. The bolts are screwed flush with the surface of the beam. To do this, it is recommended to drill countersunk holes in the wood - holes larger than the diameter of the bolt head, and to simplify installation operations, use socket wrenches. The recesses of the recesses can be filled with tar or bitumen; they will help prevent corrosion of the fasteners.

Basement tier

The structure of the basement tier (floor) consists of wooden logs(load-bearing frame) and horizontal SIP panels. To assemble it, the first panel is laid on top of the frame in the corner. A groove is selected in the polystyrene layer along the perimeter of its end part. A SIP key or an insert from a piece of timber 80x200 mm (for SIP with a thickness of 225 mm) is placed into the short inner end. Such protruding elements become ridges, to which the next SIP panels with pre-selected grooves are installed.

After assembling the first row, a groove is also selected in its longitudinal end part for laying a log made of 80x200 mm timber or doubled from 2x40x200 mm boards. The pairing is made with wood screws 75 mm long, screwed in at intervals of no more than 40 cm. The panels are attached to the joists through OSB-3 facing boards with self-tapping screws 40 mm long at intervals of 150-200 mm. The final stage of creating a basement floor is the protection (rubbing) of the external ends of the SIP panels. They are covered with a 40x200 mm board.

This is what a typical arrangement of basement floor elements looks like:

IMPORTANT! Before laying the panel elements of the basement tier, their lower planes must be treated with bitumen waterproofing mastic.

Sometimes, for the sake of imaginary savings, the technology for building houses from SIP panels is deliberately violated and ordinary boards on joists are used to construct the basement floor. The creation of a thermal insulation barrier is carried out on a base of expanded clay, poured directly onto the ground over a layer of waterproofing. Although this method can be used when installing a strip foundation, however, its effectiveness leaves much to be desired. Good thermal insulation similar design will require styling additional insulation between the rough and finished floor, such as foam sheets or mineral wool. This will negate the initial savings and will end up being more labor intensive.

Walls

Bottom wall trim

After assembling the basement floor, the beams of the lower wall framing are installed on it in accordance with the plan of the interior. The elements of the bottom trim are beams with a width corresponding to the thickness of the polystyrene foam in the SIP panel and a height of 50-60 mm. A massive beam of this size is not always available for free sale, and it costs a lot. Therefore, often, a composite element made from several boards of suitable sizes is used instead. The lower trim is fastened with 75 mm self-tapping screws in increments of no more than 40 cm.

When placing the timber, it is necessary to take into account the location of the doors in interior spaces. For ease of installation, as well as to prevent errors in planning, timber in doorways is cut out after assembling the walls from SIP panels. Therefore, in such places, the lower trim is not screwed to the floor.

Installation of wall panels using a frame method

The wall assembly of houses from SIP panels is carried out using methods similar to those already described for the lower floor. The most common is frame method, in which the splicing parts are no longer logs, but double racks 40 (50) x 150 mm (for self-supporting insulated wires with a thickness of 175 mm):

• assembly begins from the corner of the building, placing the first wall element on the framing beam and aligning its end flush with the floor slab;
• panel, with external and inner sides, is attached to the harness with self-tapping screws (L=40 mm, pitch – 150 mm);
• A single 50x150 mm post is placed in the outer vertical end and screwed through the OSB sheets with self-tapping screws (L=40 mm);
• A vertical double post (corner tenon) is installed along the inner edge of the panel opposite the end of the corner perpendicular wall. It is attached with 8x240 mm self-tapping screws with partial threads, screwed in from the outer plane of the first wall panel with a pitch of 400 mm;
• The assembly of the corner ends with the joining of a perpendicular panel, scrolled along the corner tenon with self-tapping screws 40 mm long. To ensure a tight fit, it is knocked down from the end with a sledgehammer through a spacer made of board or timber;
• further ordinary technology for installing SIP panels involves similar actions - connecting the next section of the wall through a tenon rack.

IMPORTANT! In order for the rack to extend into the panel to the required depth, a groove is made in the polystyrene foam. The strength of the connection of wall elements depends on the uniformity of its sampling, as well as thermal efficiency junction. Therefore, when making a high-quality groove yourself, you should purchase or rent a thermal knife (in the figure below) or a special device for an angle grinder, consisting of a stop and a milling attachment.

Installation of wall panels using a frameless method

The frameless connection method involves the use of dowels made from OSB-3 boards or special thermal inserts, the so-called “splines”. They are a narrow fragment of a SIP panel, its dimensions fitting inside the groove of a full-size panel. This frameless assembly technology makes it possible to reduce heat loss through the wood material of the timber, which has a higher thermal conductivity than polystyrene foam. The diagram for installing a SIP panel in a frameless manner using splines is shown in the figure below. It is optimally suited for the construction of one-story houses.

IMPORTANT! Regardless of the chosen installation method, the joints of any elements are treated with polyurethane foam before being placed in place. It helps to achieve absolute tightness of joints and increase the reliability of the structure as a whole.

After completing the assembly of the walls of the first floor, the upper ends of the panels are also foamed, and a 40 (50) x 150 mm strapping beam is placed in the foam sample. It is screwed along all OSB sheets with self-tapping screws 40 mm long, and to the frame posts - 75 mm.

Interfloor and attic floors are manufactured similarly to the basement tier, just as the technology for assembling the walls of the second or attic level is the same installation operations for the walls of the first floor.

Roofing structure for a house made of SIP panels

Installation of the roof begins with securing the load-bearing elements, mauerlats, purlins and ridge, resting on load-bearing walls(when frameless method assembly) or on the pillars of the structure. The purlins are fixed at the point of contact with the base with two 8x280 mm self-tapping screws.

Next, the rafter system is installed. Each rafter at the point of contact with the purlins is fixed with 8x280 mm self-tapping screws. Installation of rafters begins from one of the gables. If the roof has a complex multi-slope structure, then installation begins with the valleys. Shown below structural scheme placement of load-bearing elements of the roofing system.

Important! The rafter system of a house is a particularly important structure, so it is better to involve experienced assistants in its construction.

Summing up

Assembling a house from SIP panels with your own hands is quite affordable, even for home craftsmen who do not have great experience in the construction of such structures. As a last resort, you can purchase a ready-made kit (constructor) from wide range offered by specialized companies. Carefully adjusted elements of such a constructor, as well as detailed instructions for assembling a house from SIP panels, make its use more preferable if you plan to do some or all of the work yourself.

If you are looking for an opportunity to build a warm home for little money, consider building a house from SIP panels. The cost of a two-story “box” of 10*10 meters without finishing is around 17-20 thousand dollars. In this case, there is no need for additional insulation; you can move into the house immediately after construction (if communications are connected) and you can immediately begin finishing.

What is a SIP panel

The construction of houses from SIP panels began in the second half of the last century in Canada. The technology is simple, the construction of a building requires very little time (from two to three weeks, depending on the complexity of the project), it can only be cheaper, and even then not in all regions.

Houses are built from thermal insulation panels, which themselves have sufficient strength. In English, these panels are called SIP, which is an abbreviation for the following name: StructuralInsulated Panel. This translates as “Structural Thermal Insulated Panel”. It turns out, in theory, in Russian, the name of this material should sound like KTP. In reality, normal transliteration is used (replacing English letters with Cyrillic alphabet). As a result, the name “SIP panels” is in use.

This material consists of two, between which a layer of expanded polystyrene (foam) is laid. The result is a kind of sandwich (a construction “multi-layer sandwich”). Hence another name - sandwich panels.

When building a house, there are two types of assembly:

In our country, the first option is most popular. The wooden frame gives the structure additional strength. The load-bearing capacity of sandwich panels without a frame is more than enough for the construction of one or two-story private houses. But knowing that the house is built on solid timber is reassuring. This technology has one more advantage - maintainability. If there are problems, you can remove the damaged panel and replace it with a new one, which will frame technology impossible.

Advantages and disadvantages

Like any new technology for our country, building a house from SIP panels has its adherents and opponents. Opponents have the most important argument - the unnaturalness of the materials, the possibility of highlighting harmful substances. Indeed, these boards consist of foam and OSB. Polystyrene foam is a common material and is only dangerous when it burns. OSB has also been on the market for a long time; it is made from pressed large shavings and wood chips. Resins containing formaldehyde are added as a binder. It is this binder that raises the most questions: formaldehyde is a strong poison and its presence in the atmosphere in large quantities causes poisoning.

Formaldehyde emissions must be controlled by the SES (sanitary and epidemiological station), and only safe building materials must be put on sale. So if you are planning to build a house from SIP panels, carefully choose the manufacturer - the quality of the material depends on his integrity. Panels assembled using German OSB from Egger are recognized as the highest quality and safest. Their formaldehyde emissions are E1 (safe).

Excerpt from GOST R 56309-2014 (date of introduction 2015-07-01): “Depending on the content (emission) of formaldehyde, the boards are manufactured in emission classes E0.5, E1 and E2.”

At the same time, they easily tolerate high humidity, do not absorb water and are not deformed.

SIP panel Egger E1 2800x625x174 (Romania) is the best option for walls. Height - 2800 mm, thickness of polystyrene foam - 150 mm. If you prefer “standard” ceilings with a height of 2.5 meters, then you should purchase Egger E1 2500x1250x174

German Glunz Agepan panels are also good, but few people use them. If speak about Russian manufacturers, then you should pay attention to the products of the Kalevala company. Only safe and high-quality materials are used in production:

1. OSB-3 Kalevala Russia emission class E1;
2. Glue – TOP-UR (Russia);
3. Expanded polystyrene – PSBS – 25C Knauf (Russia).

Speaking about the advantages of construction from SIP panels, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the technology has been thoroughly developed. Panels are produced for various elements of the house: external walls, partitions, interfloor ceilings, etc.

Why do people build houses from SIP panels? Because such a house has solid advantages:

• Light weight, which allows you to save on the foundation. Pile or construction is ideal for this type of building.
• Low heat loss, low heating costs. Expanded polystyrene is an excellent insulation material, and it is sandwiched on both sides OSB sheets. This is what makes a sandwich panel house very warm.
• Low cost per square meter.
• Short construction time. The box of a two-story house can be assembled in a month.
• No shrinkage. There may be settlement at the foundation. The structure made from SIP panels has no settlement.
• Finishing work can begin immediately after the box is assembled.

In general, it is this set of properties that makes people choose a house made from SIP panels. Build like houses permanent residence, and summer cottages for seasonal visits. So, with a limited budget, building a house from SIP panels can be a very good solution.

How to build it yourself

There are two ways to build a house from SIP panels with your own hands:

• Buy a house kit for a specific project from a company that deals with this, and assemble it yourself. Not all companies agree to this, but many have a supervising installation service. This is when a company specialist supervises your installation.
• Buy slabs. Trim them under required sizes, purchase timber, all this - on your own. In this case, all responsibility for the quality of construction will fall on you. If you have carpentry skills or have someone to help you with, you can choose this option.

Briefly about what a house kit is. This is a set of ready-made SIP panels, wooden beams of the required size and fasteners for the construction of a specific house. All components are cut at the factory and numbered. When assembling, you use the resulting blocks in a certain order. The process is reminiscent of building a house from children's construction set, only you are assembling a real house.

Building a house from SIP panels when ordering a house kit is like playing construction kit

A house kit is good if everything is done accurately. This is not only about the quality of SIP panels (it must be checked separately), but also about the use dry wood (kiln drying), and about cutting accuracy. The edges of the panels must precisely “grab” the beam, the two panels must be joined with an expansion gap of about 3 mm - all this is achieved using precision equipment.

Reference. The expansion gap is the required distance that is left between building materials that are subject to expansion (dilatation). If the house is being built in a region with a humid climate (for example, Leningrad region), then it is imperative to leave an expansion gap, otherwise the OSB will swell. In dry climates, there is no need for a gap between OSB.

Construction stages: photo report

Construction of a house from SIP panels, like any other, begins with the selection and construction of a foundation. It is considered optimal for light houses pile foundation. This is exactly what is done in most cases when starting the construction of a house using SIP technology. Sometimes it is impossible to install a pile foundation:

• on hard soils that are too expensive to drill (rocks);
• on unstable soils with low bearing capacity (peat bogs);
• in the presence of cavities in the rock mass.

In these cases, they do or (more often USHP - an insulated Swedish stove). They are much more expensive, but more reliable.

Once the foundation has been selected and calculated, its construction can begin.

Making a pile foundation

Since the foundation is from screw piles is done most often, we will illustrate its production. Piles are screwed into the ground manually (if the soil and strength allow) or using special equipment. The height of the heads is 80 cm above ground level, the distance between the piles is no more than 2.5 meters.

The heads are welded to the installed piles, and the strapping beam is attached to them (in this example, 200*200 mm).

Important! The joints of the timber must be located on the heads. When laying the strapping beams, do not forget to coat the locks with a protective compound before joining ( bitumen mastic).

There is no support under the joint - you can’t do that!

To protect against rotting and insects, the strapping beams are impregnated with a protective compound. Roofing material was laid in two layers under the timber (on the heads).

This stage takes from 3-4 days to a week. It depends on the complexity of the soil, whether you work with the equipment or turn it yourself. Now you can start laying the floor slabs, but before that you should familiarize yourself with the methods of connecting them.

How to connect SIP panels: basic principle

When connecting panels, a wooden dowel (beam) or a thermal key (a piece of SIP panel of smaller thickness) is inserted between them. As mentioned above, in our country the technology using a frame is more popular, i.e. Dry timber is used as a key. It is this option that we will focus on.

The beam is inserted into the groove and fixed using self-tapping screws and/or nails, which are twisted/hammered through the OSB into the body of the beam. If you have a nail gun, we initially recommend tackling the panels with “yellow” wood screws 40-50 mm long, and then punching through the joints rough nails 50-65 mm long in increments of 10-15 cm.

The following can be used to fasten SIP panels: “yellow” wood screws, galvanized screw nails, galvanized rough nails. Do not use “black” hardened screws - they break off and quickly corrode

There is always a risk that the connection will be leaky, and the entire construction technology of SIP panels is based on the thermos effect, that is, on maximum tightness. Therefore, before assembling this unit (and any other), foam is applied to the side surface of the panel. It fills all the cracks, providing the proper level of heat and moisture insulation.

Note! The picture above shows a dowel made from double timber. Often such recommendations are perceived incorrectly, and in order to save money, unplaned wood is purchased. edged board 50x150x6000 mm natural humidity. Once the board dries, the joint is unlikely to remain sealed.

When making a composite wooden dowel 100*150, in our opinion, it is preferable to use three dry bars with a cross-section of 50*100 mm - in this case the connections overlap (see video below).

If we're talking about about wall panels, it makes sense to insert and secure the dowels in advance.

The foam was applied, the beam was inserted, and secured with self-tapping screws. Foam was applied to the side edge of the second slab, the groove was placed under the protruding part of the beam, an expansion gap of 3 mm was set, and secured with self-tapping screws. The foam that came out of the seams during the installation process is cut off after polymerization.

This technique, with minor modifications, is repeated in any connection of SIP panels. The diagram of this node is presented above.

After cutting the slabs, it becomes necessary to remove polystyrene foam to the required depth. For these purposes, an electric thermal knife (cutter) for foam plastic is used. They are various designs, but the thermal knife must be equipped with a limiter. Only in this case will you be able to remove polystyrene foam exactly to the required depth. “Overdoing” can lead to the appearance of cold bridges at the junction of the panels.

You can make the cutter yourself, but at the same time Do not forget about safety precautions when working with electric current.

First overlap

The first floor is nothing more than a floor that does not require insulation. As melted, it is assembled from SIP panels with a thickness of 224 mm and a width of 625 mm. With such a width of the slabs, the wooden beams are spaced at intervals of about 60 cm, which is enough to withstand the load.

If you have slabs with a width of 1250 mm, then they need to be sawn lengthwise into two equal parts.

When installing the ceiling, the panels should be laid like bricks in masonry - with the seams mismatching (staggered). This is necessary to ensure that the seams do not warp when humidity increases.

These are the pieces that floor blocks should be cut into when using 1250 mm wide slabs

To protect the bottom OSB board from moisture, each of the boards is coated on one side with the same bitumen mastic. You can use other compositions with similar properties.

Assembly of SIP floor panels for the first floor

When connecting the slabs, a mounting beam is laid between them (diagram in the previous paragraph). The beam is attached at the edges to the frame (with long nails), and the edges of the slabs are attached to it using self-tapping screws.

We cover the side sections of the slabs (all floors) with an edged board of a suitable size. We apply foam to the side surface of the slab using a snake, then we place a board and fasten it through the OSB with self-tapping screws into the end of the board.

A starting (crown) board is laid on top of the sandwich along the perimeter, on which the SIP wall panels will rest. It is laid around the perimeter and in those places where partitions will be installed.

The crown boards are fastened with nails/screws, but to be sure, they were secured through and through with studs to the pile heads. Holes were drilled for the studs. A pin is driven into them and tightened with bolts.

Walling

We continue the construction of a house from SIP panels: we are installing the walls of the first floor. For this work, it is advisable to have two assistants, then the process will go faster and easier.

We place the first panel so that it “fits” onto the crown board

Wall installation begins from one of the corners. When installing, the panel is “slipped” onto the installed starting board with a recess in the lower part (first apply a layer of foam to the board or the end of the sandwich). The panel is placed, aligned vertically, attached to the starting board on both sides with self-tapping screws in increments of 10-15 cm.

Foam is applied to the side surface of the installed slab, and another slab is set at an angle of 90°. An embedded board (end block) is pre-attached to its side part, the thickness of which is equal to the depth of the groove. Like the first one, this panel is attached to the strapping starting board.

In addition, we fasten the corner using long self-tapping screws.

As a rule, self-tapping screws with a length of 220 to 280 mm are used

The length of the self-tapping screw must be such that it passes through the slab and the entire thickness of the embedded board. The installation step of this fastener is 40-50 cm.

In window and door openings, for more reliable fastening, you can install metal perforated reinforced corners. The element is optional, but adds rigidity and inspires confidence.

External walls and partitions are immediately erected

The installation of partitions from SIP panels follows the same principle: we attach a crown board and partition blocks to it. They can be the same thickness as for external walls, but thinner ones can be used. The decrease in sound insulation properties is compensated by the interior finishing.

To save money, partitions can be made using frame technology. Then initially only the frame can be installed, and its covering can be transferred to a later period. It is more convenient to do this when the roof is already installed.

In a house, frame partitions can be made from SIP panels

Interfloor ceiling

To install floor slabs in the grooves of wall panels, boards are installed on foam and self-tapping screws. They create a harness for installing the ceiling.

Next we lay the floor slabs. If the partitions are assembled from SIP panels, their load-bearing capacity is quite high and no additional reinforcement measures are required. If the partitions were assembled using frame technology, we make the upper beams reinforced: they are assembled from three boards glued together. For greater strength, the beams can also be fastened on both sides with self-tapping screws.

Floor slabs made of SIP panels are laid on the finished frame. They should be no more than 625 mm wide, they should be laid staggered (with the seams mismatched). Since the panels are narrow, there is a lot of wooden beams in the ceiling. Due to this, such a floor can withstand loads in places where there are no floor beams.

We fasten the laid slabs to strapping beam screws or nails. The edges of the OSB are at the top and bottom to each intermediate beam. After securing the installation of the ceiling, we close the open side sections along the perimeter of the building according to the same principle: foam + edged board. For greater rigidity, in those places where the floor beams pass, we fasten the floor panels with long self-tapping screws (220 mm) all the way through.

This stage after assembling the first floor does not seem difficult. Everything is the same, only the work is at height, tightening the sandwich panels takes longer and is more difficult than installing them.

Second floor walls

The second floor in this project is , so the wall panels are low. We also install partitions at the same time as the external walls. Before installing the roof, an embedded beam is installed in the upper open groove; roofing SIP panels will be attached to it.

Standard panels will have to be cut to fit the gables, since the shape is non-standard. The installation and connection of the wall panels themselves on the second floor is no different.

Roof made of SIP panels

Special sandwich panels are used for the roof. Under them, the ends of the slabs are cut at a certain angle, which is determined by the angle of inclination of the roof slope. Here, just as with flooring, you can get by with a minimum of beams, because each connection has its own beam. That's why rafter system are not collected.

For a roof made of SIP panels, beams need a minimum

Skate decoration

The roof of a small to medium sized house is made of SIP panels and usually has a central ridge beam. Here two planes of the roof converge. This node can be designed in two ways (in the pictures below). The first one is symmetrical. The sandwich panels are cut at an angle, and the top of the ridge beam is cut at the same angle. Two planes are fastened with long self-tapping screws through the panel to the beam on both sides. The fastener installation step is 30-40 cm.

IN this method There is no usual beam between the two slabs; they are connected only by foam. After the foam has polymerized, the excess is cut off, the seam is treated with a waterproof sealant, after which a protective strip - made of metal, plastic, etc. - is put on the ridge. - depends on the type of roofing chosen.

There is another way to join roofing SIP panels on the ridge. The second method does not require cutting the slabs at an angle, but one part of the panels must be longer (by the thickness of the roofing slab). The beam is still cut at an angle, the slabs are joined at right angles, and fastened through and through with long self-tapping screws to the beam.

This connection uses embedded end bars. They are installed as usual - using mounting foam and self-tapping screws. To block the access of moisture to the under-roof space, the junction of the two panels is also additionally coated with a waterproof sealant.

There is an option to install a roof from SIP panels without a central beam. There are roofing options with two load-bearing beams that are located off-center. These can be either specially laid floor beams, or partitions assembled from SIP panels or using frame technology. In the second case, it is better to strengthen the beams (make them prefabricated with glue and nails).

The most difficult thing in this unit is to cut the embedded beams at the right angle. This can be done on the ground, which greatly simplifies the task. The panels are fastened through the slab with long self-tapping screws to the floor beams or mortgages in the partitions. Also, two planes are fastened together at the junction point - on opposite sides with long self-tapping screws.

Roof and wall panel connections

For laying SIP roofing slabs, wall slabs are cut at the required angle. Interior OSB is obtained higher than the external one. The foam plastic is “cut” at the same angle, and the edges of the embedded beam are trimmed. It is this part that is the most difficult if you did not buy a house kit, but are building a house from SIP panels using standard panels, cutting them to the required dimensions with your own hands.

How to connect wall and roof SIP panels

If you have the appropriate equipment, cutting them at an angle is not a problem. Problem cut between OSB boards foam to the desired depth. You can select the core using a thermal knife, and then remove the residue cleanly mechanically. Most likely, the cut will still not be smooth, so you will have to add more foam to fill the unevenness.

In the pictures, the roof overhang is also made of slabs with insulation. This is easier to implement, but it is an unreasonable expense. To save money, the length of the SIP panel is taken up to the intersection with the walls, and then only the timber goes (as in the photo). In this case, the beam is made composite: one part is longer by the amount of the overhang, the second is shorter and ends where the wall ends.

Features of joining roofing slabs

The connection of two roofing slabs occurs in the same way as others: timber, foam, self-tapping screws. But since precipitation is possible here, it is advisable to seal all seams.

To improve the tightness, all seams on the roof are additionally coated with waterproof sealant. First, the hardened foam is cut into a plane with the roof, then a sealant is applied. After filing the overhangs, we can consider that the construction of a house made of SIP panels is completed. Install windows/doors, connect communications and the home is already suitable for habitation. Finishing can be done immediately after installing the box.

Mice and other troubles

To save our readers from unnecessary headaches, we decided to talk about the mistakes made during the construction of one residential building. First of all, the material is intended for those who hire contractors for construction. However, it will also be useful for those who build a house on their own.

The facility was built under the “Rural House” program, and local would-be builders acted as the contractor. Unfortunately, the future residents did not pay due attention to the quality of the work. The result is natural - a large number of significant “jambs”.

Brief information about the house:

• Commissioning date: 2008
• Number of floors: 2
• Foundation type: strip
• Technology: frameless
• Panel sizes: 2740x1220x224 (floors), 2740x1220x174 (walls), 2740x1220x145 (dowel for connecting wall panels)

Problems appeared quite quickly and were associated with the most important part of any structure - the foundation. The strip foundation was filled with low-quality concrete, which led to the fact that when moisture entered, it began to crumble.

In extreme cold (below -30°C), another “jamb” was identified - part of the plastic floor plinth in the kitchen.

It was decided to remove the bottom panels vinyl siding, remove cold bridges in the places where the wall slabs adjoin the ceiling of the first floor and sheathe the foundation with corrugated sheets to look like stone.

After dismantling the lower siding panels, signs of field mice appeared.

During construction, the ends of the floor were not covered with boards. Pieces of plywood are installed, with large distances between them. Also note that the roofing felt does not start from the timber, but from the floor level

A brief explanation of roofing felt. At the time of construction of the house, in a specific locality Haven't heard of vapor permeable membranes. The contractor was going to lay on the walls plastic film. The customer opposed this, and as a result, roofing felt was used.

It is clearly visible that the mice did not waste any time...

As a result, the owner of the house had to mitigate the consequences using his modest construction experience.

Related errors:

• The lower part of the first floor ceiling has not been treated with bitumen mastic.
• SIP panels with a width of 1220 mm were laid on the floors of the first and second floors (they had to be cut in half lengthwise).
• Raw wood was used.
• The panel for making thermal keys is thinner than the polystyrene foam layer.
• The corners of the house are not tightened with long screws.
• Self-tapping screws are exclusively black.

There were other mistakes, but we do not talk about them, as they do not directly relate to the technology of constructing SIP houses.

Alas, the case discussed above is not the most severe - the fatal option is discussed in the video below.

The conclusion is very simple: you should not blindly trust the customer. All stages of construction must be supervised personally, or seek help knowledgeable person from the outside.

If the construction is carried out by contractors, then the quality of their work can be assessed already at the stage of acceptance of the first floor slab.

Below we list the pros and cons of using the technology of building houses from SIP panels.

Advantages:

• due to the high heat-saving characteristics of enclosing structures.
• More usable area- due to the small thickness of the walls, you can get 15-20% more usable area.
• Accelerated installation of the box at home (1-2 weeks).
• There is no need to construct an expensive foundation (for example, one installed in 1 day is sufficient).
• Saving on heavy lifting equipment can significantly reduce construction costs.
• Houses can be built all year round - they do not shrink, so finishing work can begin immediately after assembly.
• The assembly technology is simple, you can even build a house from a SIP panel with your own hands - anyone who follows the instructions and knows how to hold a screwdriver and a saw can do this.

Flaws

• A slight thermal inertia of the enclosing structures is typical of any frame houses.
• High price material - however, this is more than compensated by savings in foundation costs and a reduction in construction time.
• Enclosing structures do not breathe, and, therefore, an efficient device is necessary - this drawback is also inherent in all frame houses.
• The flammability of enclosing structures is no higher than that of any wooden buildings.
• The release of harmful substances during combustion - indeed, when polystyrene foam melts, styrene is released with a specific sweetish odor. When its concentration in the air is more than 600 ppm (1 ppm = 4.26 mg/m3), it is dangerous to humans. But the smell of styrene becomes unbearable even at concentrations above 200 ppm, and this is an unambiguous signal for urgent evacuation.
• Suitable for rodents - although these animals are bred anywhere, there are known cases when rats even gnawed through concrete in search of food.

Also on the market are more cheap products with linings 9 mm thick, but they are only suitable for walls and partitions of small one-story buildings.

Differences between a factory SIP panel

1. Inaccurate geometry. The shift of the plates relative to each other, the diamond-shaped or trapezoidal shape of the panel are easily identified using a square and a tape measure.
2. Use of low-quality OSB with low moisture resistance. Wet the surface of the panel generously for an hour or two. If the chips begin to peel off, you have a defective product.
3. Low adhesive bond strength. This is perhaps the main feature of goods produced in a semi-handicraft way. The product can only be checked by tearing off one of the coverings from the insulation. A high-quality panel breaks not at the seam, but at the foam sheet.
4. Making the middle part of the panel from fragments of polystyrene foam boards. To reduce the amount of waste, handicraft enterprises use cuttings of insulation, which negatively affects both the strength and the heat-insulating properties. The joints of polystyrene foam boards are easy to see at the ends of the panels.

Step-by-step construction of a house from SIP panels

Foundation

Companies that build houses from SIP panels recommend making one that fully meets the concept of a prefabricated building. Piles for a house with an area of ​​up to 150 m² can be installed in two to three days, and with the help of a special installation - in one day; Assembling a grillage from a channel or timber frame will also not take much time.

The force of frost heaving is many times greater than the load from light walls made of SIP panels. In such conditions, piled and insulated shallow foundations work best.

(their most common diameter is 108 mm, length - 2.5 and 3 m) are placed under external and internal main walls, as well as crossbars (they are needed to reduce the span of beams) in increments of 1.5–2 m. Such a base leads well itself on heaving soils and practically does not settle under light walls - provided that the laying depth was determined not randomly, but as a result of test screwing with force measurement: the blades of the piles should rest on dense layers of soil.

To last for more than 50 years, you need to purchase steel piles with a thickness of at least 4 mm with cast tips, which resist corrosion much better than welded ones; After installation, they should be filled with concrete. One support, including installation, will cost 2,400–2,700 rubles, that is, the cost of a foundation for a house measuring 8 × 10 m will not exceed 100 thousand rubles. True, finishing the basement will require additional expenses: you will have to pick up from cement-bonded or glass magnesite sheets(for cladding with tiles or stone) or decorative panels on a frame.

Main alternative pile-screw foundation- traditional for country house construction a shallow-buried strip 0.3–0.4 m wide and 0.6–0.8 m high. If you prepare concrete yourself rather than buy it at a factory, such a foundation will cost slightly less than a pile foundation, but the construction time will increase by at least 3 weeks . The key to the reliability of a strip foundation is a properly executed reinforcement cage; it should be designed in accordance with SP 63.13330.2012 (the main requirements are the presence of at least two reinforcing chords and a reinforcement coefficient of at least 0.1%). The base of this foundation cannot be erected on heterogeneous soils with quicksand. The lightweight one is optimally suited for swampy areas with highly heaving and weak-bearing soils. The slab is poured on top of a sand and gravel drainage pad, a layer of extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of at least 100 mm and a waterproofing substrate. The minimum thickness of the slab is 200 mm, and it must be reinforced with a two-level frame made of rods with a diameter of 12 mm. To protect the walls from water (mainly melt water), it is worth erecting a reinforced concrete plinth 0.3–0.5 m high along the contour of the slab. It is advisable to insulate the blind area and the plinth with 50 mm thick EPS sheets.

It is advisable to strengthen the foundation made of steel piles with a grillage made of a channel or I-beam. The grillage rand beams must be welded to each other and, in addition, welded to the piles. Metal parts must be protected from corrosion and isolated from the wooden frame with rolled waterproofing.

When installing a floating strip foundation, there is no point in going deep into clay soil— it is better to build up the above-ground part, which will serve as a base. The reinforcement frame should be knitted with galvanized wire. The connections must be strong and durable, because the frame must work as a single unit throughout the entire service life of the foundation.

Walls

Despite the fact that the technology is considered unified, each company and even team has its own methods of assembling enclosing structures - successful and not so successful.

For construction, products of both standard and non-standard sizes are required - lintels over openings, partitions, roofing elements, etc. Large companies with its own production line, cutting is carried out only in factory conditions. Small firms and “autonomous” teams often cut out the required fragments on site using a circular saw and a foam grater (using this tool to select grooves along the perimeter of the panels). With this method there is a high risk of violation geometric dimensions rooms and openings, the appearance of gaps at the joints of parts.

The construction technology involves the installation of a hidden frame, the parts of which are inserted into the grooves of the panels. For the frame, select chamber-dried lumber should be used, impregnated with an antiseptic composition, and for floor beams it is advisable to use either a wooden I-beam. Alas, sometimes under-dried products are used, which can warp, which will lead to the appearance of cracks and deformation of walls and ceilings. The junction of panels with frame elements is always sealed with polyurethane foam. However, some teams are accustomed to assembling racks from two boards, simply tightening them with screws without any sealing of the seam. In this case, 150 × 100 mm timber can be installed in the corners. It seems that this should increase the strength of the frame of the house, but in practice such a solution only guarantees freezing of the corner in the harsh winter.

SIP panels allow the construction of buildings of complex configuration - with oblique angles and bay windows. True, this increases labor costs and the amount of waste, and hence the cost of 1 m2 of house area.

Roof

An attic or semi-attic floor can be erected using either SIP panels or traditional technology with insulation mineral wool or other materials.

Sometimes you can hear that roofing pie based on SIP panels, it is more resistant to moisture (after all, expanded polystyrene has extremely low water absorption). However, the constant presence of moisture (which can seep through roof covering or coming from below in the form of steam) leads to the destruction of panel coverings (OSB). In addition, at temperatures above 80 ° C, the process of thermal destruction of expanded polystyrene begins.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a ventilation gap between the SIP panels and the roofing material. You can’t do without a layer of vapor barrier on the side of the premises, as well as a ventilated ridge.

The load-bearing part of the roof made of SIP panels includes a ridge beam, purlins (parallel to the ridge load-bearing beams) and layered rafters, the function of which is performed by the beams between the panels. Installed panels covered with a continuous carpet of rolled vapor-permeable waterproofing, then a slatted sheathing is installed, to which a roofing covering (for example, profiled steel sheets) or another layer of OSB is attached, which serves as the basis for flexible bitumen shingles.

Only coercive system supply and exhaust with heat recovery, which will provide zonal air exchange. The main element of such a system is a recovery unit. For a cottage with an area of ​​about 120 m2, where a family of three or four people lives, an installation with a capacity of 180-250 m3/h is sufficient, the price of which will be 60-250 thousand rubles. depending on the design and manufacturer. The cost of the system with installation varies between 350-700 thousand rubles. without taking into account the costs of creating hidden cavities for laying ventilation ducts.

Finishing of SIP panels

In the vast majority of cases, the inside of walls made of SIP panels is sheathed with plasterboard, sheets of which can be attached directly to the internal OSB. The sheathing is made of two layers, providing channels for electrical wiring in the first layer (the cables must be placed in protective corrugated pipes or PVC boxes). With the traditional method of installing gypsum boards (using lath or steel sheathing), pipes and cables are laid in cavities under the sheathing.

Most often mounted outside curtain façade. In addition, plastering is possible, but in order to avoid cracks, it is advisable to use technology wet facade, With , wooden planks, composite panels.