How to waterproof the floor in the apartment before the screed. Waterproofing the floor before the screed: how to make the concrete base waterproof How to make the screed and waterproofing

When starting a major overhaul in an apartment, people should start with a competent arrangement of the lower flooring. Before laying a new floor covering, a concrete screed is made. It is impossible to do it without carrying out separate works. After all, waterproofing the floor in the apartment before the screed is a crucial preparatory stage in the repair. This process prevents the appearance of moisture and dampness in the house.

Waterproofing before the screed is a mandatory step

The importance of floor waterproofing before screed

Many people believe that waterproofing the floor before screed is not very important, and neglect this step in the repair. But with her, the house becomes comfortable and cozy. Since it is she who will save your home from getting excess moisture.

The lack of waterproofing of the floor before the screed will contribute to the entry of dampness from the first floors into your home. And for people living on the lower floors and above the basements, they simply cannot do without it. After all, all the dampness from the basement will constantly seep into your home. Because of this, mold and fungus will settle in your home.

Without waterproofing, all moisture will get into your apartment

The presence of waterproofing will provide:

high protection of housing from extraneous dampness;

good protection of the inhabitants of the lower floors from leaks;

higher strength of the building;

high-quality application of the screed and ease of laying the decorative coating.

It is necessary to make waterproofing not only in damp rooms, but throughout the apartment. If you make partial insulation, then it will not be able to protect the whole house.

Do waterproofing in all rooms for maximum protection

Features of waterproofing in private houses and city apartments

Floor waterproofing can be done in several common ways. If this procedure is carried out in rooms where there is no basement, a pillow of sand and gravel can be built here.

A layer of gravel and sand is poured onto the floor.

All this is rammed.

Sand is poured on top.

A pillow of sand and gravel will prevent moisture from entering the apartment

This cushion will prevent water seepage from the soil. But it won't save you from water vapor. Therefore, in addition, you will also have to make film insulation. And waterproofing the floor in the apartment is a simpler procedure. There is no need to make a layer of sand and gravel. And you can immediately start laying the selected waterproof barrier.

Starting laying the floor hydro-barrier in the apartment, level the surface with building mixtures. Rooms with high levels of humidity need additional wall protection.

Before laying the waterproofing, the surface should be leveled.

Varieties of waterproofing in the apartment

When making a concrete screed, decide on the type of waterproofing. They are provided by manufacturers in a wide range. These include:

- roll materials;

- perforated film;

– liquid solutions;

- dry plaster;

- penetrating mixtures.

Penetrating waterproofing in action

Each individual type has its positive aspects. Depending on the type of waterproofing you choose, the method of applying it also depends. It could be:

- spreading;

- spraying;

- pouring;

- smearing;

- pasting.

Each type of waterproofing has its own advantages.

Starting to arrange the hydro-barrier, carefully prepare the surface. Carry out the following work.

Completely clean the room of dust, dirt and debris and remove all objects and things from it.

Level the surfaces with special mixtures.

Prepare all the necessary tools that you will need in the workflow.

Rolled waterproofing

Roll materials perfectly repel water and are often used during repair work. Ruberoid belongs to them. But you can accomplish your task with the help of modern membranes. This is the most affordable way in terms of price, which is easy and simple to use. To install roll waterproofing, you will need to perform the following steps.

Spread the roll on a horizontal surface in several layers. At the joints, do not forget to overlap.

Rolled material should go on the walls 15 cm from the floor.

Carefully fold the material around the corners.

For effective protection, the joints are smeared with mastic.

Roll waterproofing is the most affordable in terms of price

Liquid waterproofing in the apartment

Liquid coating hydroprotection is done using mastic or bitumen. The coating mixture is applied in two or three layers. In this case, you do not need to use special skills in construction or have professional equipment. Homeowners can use both dry mixes that must be diluted with water, and ready-made liquid formulations.

Particular attention should be paid to the corners, they collect a lot of moisture.

Before starting the workflow, remove everything from the horizontal surface.

Treat the surfaces with a primer.

Tape all corners and joints with special tape. This will prevent moisture from seeping into problem areas.

This type of waterproofing does not require special skills.

If bitumen-rubber mixtures or bitumen-polymer mixtures are used as liquid waterproofing, then repair work will please you with ease and convenience. Liquid coating mixtures do not need to be preheated. And the working process itself can take place at a fairly low temperature. Bituminous pastes will serve as good insulation and replace the concrete screed.

It is necessary to apply the coating mixture in layers about 35 mm high. This can be done with a brush or roller. But trying too hard and rubbing the liquid mixture into the bottom coat is not necessary. After the first layer has hardened, feel free to apply the second and subsequent layers. Three layers of such waterproofing in an apartment is enough. After the liquid mixture has completely solidified, you can proceed to pouring the concrete screed. But you can do without it.

Film insulation and features of its installation

Waterproofing with a film is widely used in apartments and houses. It provides a good waterproof coating. The screed will protect the housing from steam and excess moisture, and the floors - from the flow of water.

The film must be laid out on the surface carefully so as not to damage it. Waterproofing the floor of an apartment with a perforated film is the best and cheapest option. The material itself can be brown, black or gray in color. It should contain many cells. By type of variety, the waterproofing film is divided into: flat and perforated. Perforated material is more suitable for laying on vertical surfaces.

Film waterproofing should be overlapped

To make the waterproofing layer strong and reliable, fold the film in two layers. It is best to glue the plastic film with construction tape. Before starting work, thoroughly vacuum the room so that there are no sharp objects under the film that could damage it.

If you want to get a seamless surface, paper is placed on the joint of the film and treated with a hot iron on top. Do not forget to overlap for a better result. After laying the film, a cement-sand mixture is applied to the surface. Don't forget to check the floor level. Once the screed is completely dry, cut off the excess film.

Features of penetrating mixtures

Penetrating mixtures have appeared on the market recently, but have already become popular among consumers. Such waterproofing is very resistant to moisture and effective. In this case, modern polymer solutions are used.

Their feature is that they penetrate deep into the concrete and fill its pores. If you make a thin layer of a penetrating mixture on top of the finished screed, the protection will double.

The cost of modern materials

The cost of waterproofing materials can be different. This factor is influenced by the online store chosen by the buyer, the manufacturer and the type of insulation itself. The most affordable in terms of price are: perforated films, membranes and roofing material. Although they are harder to work with. Rolled materials need strong heating, therefore they require special equipment - a gas burner. And with the film you need to work very carefully so as not to tear it.

More modern hydrobarriers include liquid, dry and penetrating mixtures. They cost a little more, but are considered effective and versatile. Buyers can find out the specific cost of waterproofing in the price list of the selected online store. Here you can get advice from online consultants. Experienced specialists will help you choose a product, make a purchase, select a payment option and delivery of products that is convenient for the customer.

Process and stages of work

But no matter what material you choose, all work is carried out in a certain order.

Before laying the final floor covering, it is necessary to carry out a primer

A competent and responsible approach to this workflow will show good results. With good floor waterproofing, you don't have to worry about anything. These works will preserve the integrity of the floor covering and prevent dampness, fungi, and corrosion from entering the room. Saving on the arrangement of waterproofing is not worth it. It will fully justify itself in the process of operation.

Video: Do-it-yourself repair. Waterproofing in the apartment. How not to flood your neighbors

Video: How to waterproof the floor

The overhaul of the floor space most often means screeding, that is, leveling the base for further laying of decorative and finishing materials. In some cases, an integral stage of the preparatory process is waterproofing under the screed.

The term "waterproofing" in the construction industry refers to preventive work carried out to protect various structures from water penetration, as well as to protect materials from the harmful effects of aggressive moisture. In the case of a screed, this procedure is necessary for the following reasons:

Thus, waterproofing the floor under the screed is necessary to protect against the penetration of water both outside and inside the room.

Often, another function of the hydrobarrier is called improving the quality of the screed. In fact, the insulation formed under the concrete layer does not affect the characteristics of the latter in any way. This is possible only when special water-repellent additives are added to the composition of the screed solution. Thanks to industrial plasticizers or polymer-containing dry additives, the density and final strength of the finished web are increased.

Some masters recommend waterproofing the entire floor, not only in private housing construction, but also in apartments. The reason is that such protection will prevent the penetration of moisture from the screed mortar into the floor slabs and below. In reality, a similar procedure is recommended to be carried out without fail for residents of the first floor. For everyone else, it is enough to process the space in wet rooms, as well as the areas of joints between the plates, under communications (water supply and heating pipes), the junction of walls and floors.

Materials for waterproofing under the screed

The market of construction and finishing materials is extensive and actively developing. In such an area as the formation of a hydro-barrier, both old, time-tested, and new unique developments of domestic or foreign production are used.

In residential housing construction, waterproofing under floor screed is carried out by the following types of building and finishing materials:

Liquid formulations

This is a huge class of products, including a variety of bitumen-polymer, polymer-rubber, polymer and other compounds. Including:

• intermediate primers for floors based on synthetic elastomers (polyurethane, epoxy, acrylic). They are applied to the prepared base, in some cases sprinkled with quartz sand to create an "adhesive bridge";

• mastics based on bitumen, bitumen-polymer or polymer compositions. These are classic and modified compositions that paint the screed in 1-2 layers;
• rubber-like polymeric materials (liquid rubber, hybrid MS-polymers). For the floor, waterproofing from such compositions is practically not used, since their purpose is not loaded surfaces. The exception is narrow-profile mixtures from Bostik (Aqua Blocker), Isonem (MS Polymer) and some others;

• impregnations on a polymeric, organic or solvent basis with a hydrophobic effect. These are special compounds that, after application, penetrate into the wood or mineral base, forming a waterproof barrier.

Insulating films

Made from polyethylene (HDPE or LDPE), polyvinyl chloride or polyolefin (TPO). For waterproofing under the screed, film products with a thickness of at least 150 microns are recommended. When installing the canvas, it is necessary to lay it with an overlap, and the seams must be tightly glued or welded.

Membranes and geomembranes

This is a modern class of materials made from dense polyethylene, PVC or EPDM rubber. The product is standard and reinforced, and the surface may have a slight embossing or a special form of profiling. Depending on the manufacturer, after laying, the joints must be welded, glued or connected using special locks.

The products are flexible, characterized by a high-density and tear-resistant structure, resistance to chemically aggressive liquids, sudden changes in temperature and frost.

Roll materials

Some of the materials may have an outer mineral coating on one or both sides. They are fixed by fusing or gluing, followed by sealing of seams and junctions.

Dry mixes

There are two types of products in this group:

Rigid or semi-rigid coating mineral compositions from cement, quartz sand, plasticizers and special chemically active additives (Ceresit CR 65, Sika-101A, Bergauf Hydrostop, Ivsil Waterstop).

Designed for the formation of waterproof coatings on non-deformable mineral bases inside and outside buildings.

Penetrating waterproofing compounds mineral type (Penetron, Isonem, Kalmatron, Hydrotex). These are complex mixtures with an interesting mode of action. After application, the product reacts with the base: polymeric or organosilicon additives that penetrate deep into the concrete convert metal oxides and salts into more complex compounds - the so-called insoluble crystalline hydrates. A network of such crystals fills capillaries, microcracks, and multiple pores of the base. Due to the force of the surface tension of water, such an obstacle becomes an insurmountable barrier to the path of liquids of any type.

The first type of waterproofing mineral compositions is in the assortment of almost all manufacturers of dry building mixtures. The latter belong to highly specialized products, they are preferred in cases where, in addition to the water barrier function, it is necessary to strengthen concrete (for compression) and increase its frost resistance.

Summing up, we note that rigid coating, liquid and penetrating waterproofing are excellent for both apartments and private houses. But according to membrane manufacturers, it is film and roll materials that, when properly installed, give a 100% guarantee of absolute water resistance of the structure.

Waterproofing technologies

The device of the hydrobarrier is carried out according to the standard scheme:

• Foundation preparation;
• isolation device;
• Sealing of seams and interfaces (if any).

The choice of the type of waterproofing depends, first of all, on the availability of materials (availability on sale), their cost and degree of reliability. But there is another important factor - the technology of formation.

In civil engineering, the hydrobarrier is divided into

Obviously, there are many ways to waterproof the base under the screed. And, although manufacturers claim that rolled materials will give the best result, experienced craftsmen fundamentally disagree with this. The fact is that polymer-bitumen canvases and films have zero vapor permeability. Because of this, over time, the structure of the subfloor changes, air “chambers”, alkaline efflorescence, etc. are formed under the screed. Therefore, it is most often recommended to use hard mineral mixtures under the cement-sand layer, and all the rest - above it.

Our advice is simple. As you know, each case is unique. You may have some special conditions, technological design features, etc. Therefore, before purchasing a water barrier material, consult with specialists.

Advice! If you need repairmen, there is a very convenient service for their selection. Just send in the form below a detailed description of the work that needs to be done and you will receive offers with prices from construction teams and firms by e-mail. You can see reviews of each of them and photos with examples of work. It's FREE and there's no obligation.

Floor waterproofing before the screed can be done in several ways. In individual low-rise buildings, in the absence of a basement, a gravel-sand cushion is used as the initial layer of waterproofing. First, a layer of crushed stone or gravel is poured under the base of the floor, carefully rammed. The next layer is sand. The resulting pillow helps protect the floor from the rise of moisture microparticles from the ground, due to the presence of air gaps between the grains. At the same time, it weakly retains water vapor, therefore, additional film vapor barrier is necessary.

Vapor waterproofing films for waterproofing floors are very popular both in private houses and in city apartments. They are resistant to water vapor, allow you to protect the floor screed from moisture coming from the floor slabs, and in wet rooms the slab itself from leaks.

Another type of floor waterproofing before the screed. For its implementation, one cannot do without the use of special mastic based on rubber or bitumen, which is applied in 2 or more layers. The advantage of this type of screed waterproofing is the ability to fill various surface irregularities, which is very practical with a large number of pipe penetrations. In addition to waterproofing, hydrophobic impregnations perform a strengthening function. This new concrete processing technology is gaining popularity among builders, who appreciate its efficiency and simplicity.

Concrete has a liquid structure and has a deep penetrating ability. Penetrating into the micropores of concrete, this agent begins to interact with its microparticles, the growth of needle crystals begins and almost monolithic concrete is formed, which has a very low water absorption capacity.

Technology of gravel-sand cushion.

The preparatory stage consists of leveling the soil layer under the planned floor and removing the fertile layer from it, which includes organic elements. As a rule, these works are carried out during the preparation of the construction site. A layer of gravel with a particle size of not more than 50 mm is laid out over the entire floor area on the soil prepared in this way. Crushed stone is carefully tamped and leveled, minimizing height differences. The thickness of the gravel layer must be at least 0.2 m.

If groundwater is close to the site, then it is necessary to increase the thickness to 0.5-0.8 m 3. Backfilling with coarse-grained sand is done with a layer of 0.1-0.4 m. This layer is well moistened and compacted with a home-made hand roller or platform vibrator.

The gravel-sand cushion is covered with a layer of geotextile on top, this is a non-woven material based on synthetic fibers. This material does not rot, is resistant to mold and fungus, and retards plant growth. The geotextile serves as a cushioning component and protects the waterproofing and insulation against damage.

Polystyrene, polystyrene foam or other foam material is placed on top of the geotextile (foam plastic is not recommended - it is too fragile).

After performing these operations can be waterproofed prepared base with rolled materials or immediately proceed to floor screed.

Technology for waterproofing the floor with rolled materials.

1. A damper tape is laid along the contour of the floor with an approach to the wall and fixed with dowels-nails or special glue. It compensates for the expansion of the screed, the coefficient is 0.5 mm / m2. The expansion occurs at the moment when the temperature of the screed changes. Without installing a damper tape, the floor screed can have a devastating effect on the wall.

2. The base is leveled with a cement-sand mortar or sand. After processing, the floor must be dried and sanded with coarse sandpaper.

3. If a roofing felt is used for waterproofing the screed, then pre-treatment of the floor with a primer for bituminous mastic in 1 layer is required. When using polymer waterproofing films, the treatment of concrete slabs with a primer is not necessary. Additional treatment of concrete slabs with a solution for penetrating waterproofing.

4. lay on the prepared floor in strips, forming an overlap on the walls of at least 15 cm, but not more than 25 cm. The strips are also overlapped, the width is at least 10 cm. When using roofing material, it is glued to the base using bituminous mastic (temperature 20- 25º), also glue the joints that form an overlap.

5. When laying the material by fusing, for example, glass isol, it is fixed on the base with a gas burner, the recommended temperature of the burner flame is 140-160º. Polymer films are overlapped and welded together with a building hair dryer.

6. Number of waterproofing layers depends on the type of material: roofing material is laid in at least two layers, preferably changing direction. The built-up films and polymeric materials - in one layer. After laying the rolled waterproofing, you can perform reinforcement and floor screed. After the screed has hardened, the protruding rolled waterproofing and the damper tape are cut flush with the floor. Open the air bubbles and carefully release the air. After that, cover the incision with heated mastic and press it to the floor.

Technology for waterproofing the floor with coating waterproofing.

1. The foundation block is thoroughly cleaned of all dirt, dust, sharp edges and protrusions are cut off, grease stains are degreased.

2. Apply a layer of primer with a roller or brush. It reduces the dusting of the surface and improves the adhesion of the mastic to it. Especially carefully it is necessary to process the joints with the wall and the space around the pipes. Primer drying time usually does not exceed two hours. After 2-3 hours when it is completely dry apply waterproofing mastic (bitumen or bitumen-rubber). Primer and mastic should be combined, and it is desirable to be from the same manufacturer.

3. The mastic is applied with a wide brush or roller in several layers, each subsequent one is applied after the previous one has completely dried (not earlier than 4-6 hours). Layers are applied in different directions of movement of the brush or roller. Particular attention should be paid to seams and joints, they must first be sealed with cement. At the joints of the walls and near the pipes, the mastic is applied with a thin brush, carefully smearing all areas.

4. Coating waterproofing dries completely, usually about 2 days. After that, you can begin to perform the screed. When laying reinforcement, it is important to use plastic guides to avoid contact of metal structures with coated waterproofing - they can damage it under load. The next layer of reinforcement must be applied perpendicular to the grid rows of the previous layer.

For reliable waterproofing floors before the screed can be combined in several ways. For example, in a private house without a basement, for waterproofing the floor, you can combine a gravel-sand cushion, a layer of insulation, a waterproofing film, and only then mount the fittings and pour the screed. In an apartment on the first floor, located above the basement, it is appropriate to use penetrating waterproofing of floor slabs in combination with roll or coating waterproofing. In rooms with high humidity in apartments located on the upper floors of an apartment building, where any leakage may entail compensation for damage to neighbors, it is better to equip double waterproofing: before and on top of the screed. In this case, roll materials are used under the screed, and coating waterproofing is performed on top of the screed.

Waterproofing floors before performing the screed in the apartment is necessary to protect against the penetration of moisture vapor from the lower floors into the concrete screed. It is especially important to carry out thorough waterproofing under the floor screed in the bathroom and kitchen, where the risk of leaks is greatest.

Waterproofing floors before performing the screed is necessary to protect against the penetration of moisture vapor from the lower floors into the concrete screed.

What materials are suitable for waterproofing the floor before the screed in the apartment?

Roofing material waterproofing - most often used for waterproofing concrete floors under a screed.

Waterproofing can be done in different ways and differs in the categories of materials used:

To prevent the penetration of moisture under the concrete or cement layers, special mixtures diluted with water can be used. Waterproofing measures are carried out by applying a multi-layer plaster dry mix with a consumption of about a kilogram per square meter of surface.

The advantage of use lies in the high-quality filling of almost any surface irregularities. The main disadvantage of such materials due to duration.

What is important to remember

It is necessary to clean the surface and carefully level out sharp protrusions that can adversely affect the integrity of waterproofing materials.

Do-it-yourself waterproofing of the floor, before pouring the screed, should be done as carefully as possible, since it is this stage of work that affects the quality and durability of the floor covering.

At the first stage, it is necessary to clean the surface and align sharp protrusions as carefully as possible, which can adversely affect the integrity of waterproofing materials. It is recommended that all significant defects be leveled with cement, tile adhesive or screened sand. All mounting loops are subject to cutting and high-quality grinding. Next, the direct application of protection is carried out according to the established technology. Now let's talk about this in more detail.

Video instruction

How do waterproofing master screeds, observing the technology

The technology for applying protection depends entirely on the category of waterproofing material used:

• film, roll materials or modern PVC membranes

In order to compensate for thermal expansion and contraction of the screed, it is necessary to fix a special damper tape around the perimeter of the entire room. The next step is the laying of rolled materials. When using roofing felt, the surface is pre-treated with a special primer.

If film-type waterproofers are used, then it is necessary to carry out a seam overlap of ten centimeters and enter the walls of fifteen centimeters. All joints are processed with bituminous mastic. A gas burner is used to lay the built-up waterproofing, and polymer coatings must be glued with a building hair dryer.

• liquid waterproofing

Before applying the materials, it is necessary to apply a special primer to the floor base - a primer corresponding to the type of waterproofing chosen.

Before applying such materials, it is necessary to apply a special primer to the floor base - a primer corresponding to the type of waterproofing chosen. Bituminous mastic for roof waterproofing applied with a roller or brush. Each subsequent layer is applied after the previous one has completely dried. The coating type of waterproofing, as a rule, dries in 48 hours.

• dry plaster mixture

Requires dilution with water in the proportions indicated on the package with the mixture. The finished working solution must be applied to a previously thoroughly cleaned surface. All subsequent layers are laid perpendicular to the previous ones. You can perform the screed after the complete drying of the waterproofing mixture.

Bathroom surfaces require special attention, where two types of waterproofing can be combined to achieve the maximum effect.

Necessary tools for applying waterproofing

When using rolled materials as waterproofing, you will need to use a gas burner or a building hair dryer.

Liquid mastics and rubber masses are applied using rollers or a set of brushes - wide and narrow.

When using rolled materials as waterproofing, you will need to use a gas burner.

The use of dry mixes in the process of waterproofing works is based on the use of a plastering machine or a metal spatula, as well as a construction mixer or a special nozzle on a drill for mixing the solution.

Top 5 Newbie Mistakes

Waterproofing under the screed in the apartment does not tolerate mistakes and any violations cause serious consequences, which can only be corrected by completely dismantling all layers. The most common errors are:

• performance of leaky joints of waterproofing material;
• poor-quality or incomplete removal from the surface of the old screed, construction debris and fine dust;
• the absence of a primer layer on a cleaned concrete base, which disrupts the adhesion of the waterproofing layer;
• application of liquid waterproofing materials or a working solution based on a dry mixture on an insufficiently dried surface;
• violation of technology and laying fewer layers when performing multi-layer waterproofing.

The most common mistakes are poor-quality or incomplete removal of old screed, construction debris and fine dust from the surface.

How much will you pay for materials?

Variety of waterproofing materials allows you to choose the best option depending on financial possibilities and personal preferences.

Average prices for roll materials:

• waterproofing with a thickness of 2.5 mm based on fiberglass - from 380 rubles per 9 sq.m;
• technoelast with a thickness of 4 mm from TECHNONICOL - from 1400 rubles per 10 sq.m;
• uniflex with a thickness of 3 mm from TECHNONICOL - from 1200 rubles per 10 sq.m;
• glassine - from 90 rubles per 13 sq.m;
• roofing material - from 380 rubles per 15 sq.m.

Average prices for liquid materials:

• universal bituminous mastic - from 320 rubles per 20 kg .;
• rubber mastic of the KN-3 series - from 1350 rubles per 22 kg .;
• bituminous primer - from 610 rubles per 20 liters;
• bituminous primer from TECHNONICOL series No. 01 - from 1800 rubles for 20 sheets;
• standard building bitumen - from 590 rubles per 25 kg.

Average prices for waterproofing mixtures:

• coating waterproofing Aquastop-PERFEKTA - from 630 rubles per 20 kg .;
• waterproofing mixture Vodostop from the company GLIMS - 840 rubles per 20 kg .;
• bituminous mastic Flachendicht from KNAUF - 1210 for 5 kg.

Estimated prices for specialist services

The cost of professionally performed waterproofing before screeding in an apartment depends on the material chosen and is most often calculated upon inspection of the object. Approximate prices for waterproofing works in apartments:

• performance of coating waterproofing - from 580 rubles per sq.m.;
• waterproofing with polyurethane mastic - from 1800 rubles per sq.m.;
• waterproofing with universal bituminous mastic - from 328 rubles per sq.m.;
• waterproofing with building bitumen - from 308 rubles per sq.m.;
• waterproofing with a mixture of Waterstop - from 558 rubles per sq.m.;
• waterproofing with coating solutions - from 520 rubles per sq.m.;
• waterproofing with two layers of roll materials - from 920 rubles per sq.m.

Today, on Internet resources, on various forums, you can find any information, namely about waterproofing the foundation with rolled materials, waterproofing with liquid rubber, waterproofing the floor in a private wooden house, concrete ring wells and much more, read reviews and choose a convenient way waterproofing your premises.

Capital repairs of the apartment should begin with the arrangement of the floors. Before laying a new coating, it is imperative to form a screed. It cannot be implemented without preliminary work. Waterproofing the floor before the screed is an integral part of the preparatory process.

Justification for the need for waterproofing

Many builders consider waterproofing a waste of time and material, but it is necessary. With her, the apartment becomes cozier and more comfortable. Waterproofing has a positive effect on such points as:

• Protection of the apartment from moisture.

In the absence of waterproofing, moisture vapor from the lower floor or basement can penetrate into the screed. In a private house, capillary moisture and water vapor rise from the ground. Having an alkaline or acidic environment, they strongly interact with the components of the concrete coating. As a result, it becomes covered with cracks and collapses.

• Protection of the lower floors from leaks.

Faucet failure, washing machine breakdown, water flowing over the edges in the bathroom - all this can lead to flooding of neighbors from below. Moisture, having gone into the ceiling, after a while will appear on the ceiling of the lower floor. High-quality waterproofing will help to avoid unpleasant moments.

Features of the waterproofing device in the bathroom are reflected in the video:

• Protecting the health of the household.

In a humid environment at a warm temperature, fungi and mold successfully spread, which negatively affects the physical condition of a person.

• Increasing the strength of structures and coatings.

They also tend to break down when exposed to moisture.

• The quality of the screed and the ease of laying the finished floor.

Important! Waterproofing before the screed should be done in all rooms, not just in the bathroom or kitchen. Concrete contains moisture. Hydroprotection provides it with gradual evaporation, which positively affects the strength and quality of the screed.

Preparation and some features

Waterproofing in the house has its own nuances. Maximum protection is needed for a dwelling without a basement, located on the ground floor, due to the close proximity of the ground. Previously, the floor surface is sometimes leveled with special mixtures, and if there was a redevelopment of the room, then a tread layer is laid on the base.

Partial waterproofing does not provide maximum protection, and water finds a place to seep through. That is, if possible, it is best to make a complete waterproofing, and in rooms with a high level of humidity, not only the floor, but also the walls should be protected.

Preliminary work

The room in which the waterproofing is planned to be laid must be completely empty. After that, the overlap is completely “bare” and cleaned (from dust, dirt and other debris). Next, a careful check of the plates and joints begins.

Any cracks, every loose joint between the plates is carefully sealed. Selective correction of defects in the future threatens with heat losses and leaves ways for noise to penetrate into the room. It is most logical to solve all problems immediately, and not leave them until the next repair.

If a reinforced concrete floor acts as a base, one cannot do without a penetrating waterproofing composition, for example, Betonokontakt. Prices for it vary, ranging from $ 1.3 per 1 kg. The costs will be relatively small, because impregnation is required only for rooms with high humidity: kitchens, bathrooms and toilets. The rest of the rooms are recommended to be covered with simple primers. Thus, the floors will be protected from damage and even the unpleasant smell of dampness will disappear after a while.

Types of waterproofing

There are several types of waterproofing. Below are the most common ones

Sand pillow. For a private house without a basement, a gravel-sand pillow is best suited. In this case, crushed stone or gravel is laid under the screed. After careful tamping, it is covered with sand. The result is a kind of pillow with air gaps.

Waterproofing, due to structural features, protects the base from the capillary passage of groundwater. To exclude the harmful effects of water vapor, you should use additional film vapor barrier.

• Film waterproofing. Vapor waterproofing films are used not only for waterproofing the floor in houses, but also in apartments. With their help, a waterproof coating is created. As a result, the screed is protected from vapors and moisture, and the floor slabs are protected from water leaks.
• Coating waterproofing. It is carried out using mastic made of rubber or bitumen. It is able to fill any irregularities in the base. The protection is applied in several layers.
• Impregnation waterproofing. Relatively new, but simple and effective floor waterproofing before screed. Differs in the increased resistance to the destroying influence of moisture. The protective coating applied to the base impregnates the concrete and interacts with its components. As a result, needle-shaped crystals are formed, which protect the floor from moisture. Polymer or polymer-bitumen solutions are used as a waterproofing material. The penetration of water into the pores of concrete only helps to strengthen the base.
• Adhesive type. It is also called rolled waterproofing. Protection treated with bitumen and synthetic compounds. Moreover, it has a fiberglass base. The material repels water and does not suffer from the hostile effects of chemicals that are contained in its composition. Demanded in private construction and renovation of apartments.

Laying technology

Depending on the material used, different methods are used. When working on them, certain points should be taken into account, for example:

• To ensure reliable adhesion of mastic layers, each subsequent layer must be applied no later than three hours after the previous one.
• Adhesive-based roll materials are excellent for pasting protection. They greatly increase the speed of laying.
• Polyethylene film is best suited for insulating a wooden floor.
• Liquid moisture protection agents turn into a thin film after drying. Its maximum allowable thickness is 3 mm. The material is applied with a brush and renewed every 5 years.
• Ideal floor protection is created by combining several types of waterproofing.

Sand cushion device

The process consists of the following steps:

1. Foundation preparation. From the soil, which is located under the future floor, the upper fertile and chemically active layer is removed. The earth is being leveled.
2. Gravel laying. Crushed stone with a fraction of no more than 5 cm is poured over the soil. The material is leveled and rammed (large differences in height are not allowed). The thickness of the embankment should not be less than 0.2 m, and with a close location of groundwater, the minimum level increases to 0.5 m.
3. Sand filling. Compacted gravel is covered with coarse sand. A layer thickness of 0.1-0.4 m is allowed. Sand is poured with water and compacted. This material should fill the pores in the rubble.
4. Geotextile laying. It has shock-absorbing functions and protects the insulation and waterproofing from possible damage. Glue the material with a building hair dryer.
5. Foam insulation pad. Any material with increased mechanical strength is used. Penoplex and polystyrene are best suited.
6. Foundation waterproofing film or roll materials (if necessary).

Roll waterproofing device

The process involves the following points:

1. Cleaning and leveling the base. Potholes and irregularities are rubbed with cement mortar.
2. Primer with bituminous emulsion. It is only necessary if you plan to use roofing material (as a waterproofing). If desired, the floors can also be treated with penetrating waterproofing (for additional protection).
3. Damper tape. It is stretched along the perimeter of the floor and fixed with plinth dowels or glue.
4. Roll material flooring. The sheets are laid so that they overlap, overlapping each other by no more than 10 cm and closing the walls by at least 20 cm. Roll waterproofing can be laid in several layers, the main thing is to glue them together.

Important! The roofing material is laid in two or more layers, gluing it to the ceiling with bituminous mastic. Films are usually stacked in one row.

1. It is customary to fix the welded materials with a gas heater, and the polymer films are welded with a building hair dryer.
2. Elimination of blisters. The place where swelling appeared is cut with a knife and smoothed with a spatula. After, the edges of the material are bent, smeared with mastic and glued.
3. When the waterproofing is laid, you can start reinforcing, but it is not a mandatory item in the "program".
4. Protruding pieces of tape and waterproofing are removed only after the screed has dried.

An example of laying rolled waterproofing - in the video:

Coating waterproofing technology

Laying consists of the following steps:

1. Foundation preparation. The surface is cleaned of dust and debris. The process removes all sharp edges and stains from active substances and oils in order to avoid destruction of the insulation during operation.
2. Primer treatment. It increases the adhesion of the mastic. Dries on average 2 hours. It is recommended to buy both mastic and primer from the same manufacturer. The primer should be applied with a brush, in one layer. Especially carefully should be processed the joints of walls and floors, corners and space near the pipes.
3. The ideal option is bitumen or bitumen-rubber mastic. Its price is quite democratic, starting from $ 0.8 per kg. The material is applied with a roller or brush, moving in different directions. Coating with the next layer is carried out only after the previous one has solidified.
4. Screed filling. As a rule, waterproofing dries completely in 2 days, then they proceed to reinforcement.

Important! The use of metal fittings may damage the insulation. It is much safer to use fiberglass guides. They are light and strong.