How to make concrete columns with your own hands. DIY installation of concrete columns. How to make formwork and the correct shape: column pouring technology. Making concrete columns with your own hands. Step-by-step instructions for installing panel formwork for columns

29.10.2019

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Columns are increasingly used in the architecture of facades and interiors. This is not only a beautiful decorative element, it is also a practical, utilitarian piece of construction.

It allows you to support floors or beams without taking up much usable area lower floor.

You can buy a ready-made column, but it is more convenient and cheaper to make it yourself. The easiest way is to lay it out of brick, but a monolith is much stronger and more reliable, and to make it you will have to make formwork.

Depending on the method of use, they are non-removable, disposable and reusable. They are made of metal, wood, plastic and even cardboard.

Metal. Usually reusable. These are convenient ready-made shields that are easily and quickly assembled, provide the correct geometry, and are quickly dismantled.
Wooden. Usually homemade, reusable. They are made from boards and bars. Cheaper, but with their help it is more difficult to ensure the correct shape, especially one other than a rectangle.
Plastic. Round shapes are usually made. You can purchase ready-made ones, or you can make your own formwork from plastic pipes suitable diameter.
Cardboard. are made of dense, impregnated special adhesives cardboard The shape is only cylindrical, such formwork is exclusively disposable.

Ready-made formworks are offered by many manufacturers, but you can make them yourself if you take into account some of the features of this design.

Peculiarities

The column has a small width and thickness, but often has a significant height. This determines quite specific loads on the form.

The formwork experiences significant pressure in the lower part and very little in the upper part.

The elongation of the form in height makes the structure very unstable, it can easily collapse, so the formwork requires several supports.

Also, the form must have rigidity so as not to fold or bend under the weight of concrete.

It is assumed that the column will work under compression, so it is extremely important to avoid distortion of the structure. If the form is bent in an arc, then the support made in it can easily crack under load. The column can withstand bending loads very poorly.

It is very important to clearly maintain the vertical level. Even a slight deviation from the vertical creates an imbalance of loads that can lead to failure of the entire structure.

Self-assembly of the form

The easiest way to do it yourself is wooden formwork for square or rectangular supports. The sequence is:

To make the boards easier to remove later, they can be lined with oilcloth on the inside. To assemble the form, you need to choose smooth boards so that the pillars do not have bends or curvature.

Alternative options

You can also make your own mold from cardboard. But since only ordinary cardboard is available at home, to strengthen it you will need to use an additional metal reinforcing mesh or a wooden frame.

It's worth remembering that this disposable formwork for columns, after the concrete has hardened, the cardboard will have to be torn off from it, like wallpaper from a wall.

The easiest way is to make formwork in a mesh frame. First it is taken steel mesh with square cells, not prone to stretching.

She rolls up into a cylinder required diameter, is securely fastened in this position with wire or welding.

Then folded cardboard is placed inside, which, after laying, straightens out and rests against the mesh. Finding sheets of cardboard for 2-3 meter poles is not easy, so you will have to use several sheets, fastening them overlapping each other with adhesive tape.

The structure turns out to be very unstable, so wooden supports are required.

Such disposable formwork is suitable for round columns; rectangular or square ones cannot be filled.

You can make permanent formwork from polystyrene foam with your own hands.

This option is used when facade works, it allows you to get very smooth surfaces, monotonous with foam-insulated walls.

However, this permanent formwork low strength, so it also requires a supporting frame.

Price

Since everything is supposed to be done with your own hands, the price of the pole molds is determined by the cost of materials. If you make formwork from wood, then you will need to pay about 6-7 thousand rubles per cubic meter of pine.

Steel mesh will cost 20-25 rubles per square meter, thick cardboard - 200-250 rubles per roll. Polystyrene foam will cost 1000-1200 rubles per cubic meter.

Concrete columns are bearing structures, providing buildings with vertical rigidity. The type of column can be monolithic or metal, the choice of which depends on the required bearing capacity. The purpose of the columns is to serve as a support for upper floors, balconies, terraces and other building elements. It is possible to make concrete columns with your own hands; these can be ordinary elements from square pipe or more original beautiful designs that can add zest appearance buildings.

The column is intended for decorative design of buildings, and also serves as a load-bearing element of structures. They are mounted on balconies, terraces, verandas, porches, as supports to support ceilings, for the interior of premises and personal plot. Due to the heavy load on the supports, they are manufactured in compliance with existing standards and regulations as much as possible.

Kinds

Concrete columns have the following types:

square;
round;
rectangular.

When working with a concrete column of various types, there are following types production technology:

Prefabricated supports are structures manufactured in factories that are transported to the work site where they are installed. Prefabricated columns have the following advantages: relatively low price, speed of installation, speed of drying of the solution.
Monolithic. Pouring into molds is carried out at the construction site. When working with monolithic columns, the following advantages are distinguished: the ability to monitor the quality of laying the concrete solution, the absence of leakage of the mixture. Among the shortcomings observed: for a long time for production, waiting for the mixture to solidify in the mold.

Installation Features

You must remember to follow the installation rules.

Square supports are installed at the edges of the corners of buildings and structures, secured with anchors to the ceiling and base of the structure. However, it is worth paying attention that installing a square pipe with your own hands is a labor-intensive and complex process, so experienced builders It is not recommended to install this type of columns yourself. Support structures can be in the form brick wall small area. Supports made of wood or logs are installed on porches or verandas.

During installation support element V concrete base, first the steel glasses are secured with anchors, and then the support is installed and concreted. Great importance In the construction of houses, supporting structures located in the center of the structure play a role. In this case, column supports with a design cross-section are used metal fittings and followed by pouring concrete and installing formwork.

Do-it-yourself concreting of column elements is an important undertaking that should be carried out responsibly and with a certain amount of knowledge and skills in performing the work. Concreting into forms is carried out continuously, maintaining a horizontal position, which will help avoid the formation of intermediate cold joints and protect the structure from destruction.

Construction stages

The construction of concrete supports consists of the following stages:

prepare before starting work necessary tools and materials;
clean the surface from construction debris;
begin installation of formwork;
carry out reinforcement work;
next you should fill concrete mortar and after it dries, dismantle the formwork.

The concrete mixture must have a plastic consistency and be durable after hardening. The strength of the structure is affected by the components of the concrete solution and specifications fittings, which must have the following properties:

strength;
ease of welding;
low possibility of corrosion on the product;
good adhesion.

Preparation of tools and materials

For quality filling supporting structure concrete solution you will need the following tools, equipment and materials:

concrete pump;
rectangular corner;
hammer;
building level;
metal wire;
wooden spacers;
reinforced mesh;
screwdriver;
nails and screws;
wide boards;
vibrators;
device for mixing concrete mass;
roulette;
steel rod;
anchor;
water;
cement;
sand;
lime.

Installation of formwork

The formwork is fastened, maintaining the strength and reliability of the structure. The form is installed on four sides of the support using wooden spacers. If the column is high, the formwork is secured on three sides, and the fourth side is expanded when pouring concrete. When installing the form, ensure the evenness of the structure, which is checked with a building level. The leveled formwork is secured with screws, which hold the concrete mixture inside the product. Next, check the correspondence of the corners with a rectangular corner.

Reinforcement

When installing a column, vertical reinforcements are used, the diameter of which is about 1.2 centimeters or more. The vertical reinforcement consists of four rods, which are located at the corners of a square shape. To facilitate the installation of fittings whose height is more than three meters, decking is installed in increments of two meters.

The support frame is assembled various methods. Having small sizes, the weight and volume of the supporting structure, the frame is mounted in the future formwork form, doing the work with your own hands using the tilting method finished frame. At heavy weight reinforcement, its base is pre-assembled and the rods are tied together at the work site, where individual rods are installed. When placing the finished structure, a variety of boards and supports are used. The reinforcement bars are fastened to each other using metal wire, maintaining a distance of about forty centimeters.

Concreting

Getting started with installation concrete mixture, pay attention to the features of concrete. This composition has mobility, which plays a big role when concreting columns. Movable concrete is easy to place and does not require compaction with vibrators or concrete pumps during the work process. Concreting occurs in even layers in a horizontal position. When laying the mixture, it is periodically compacted with metal rods.

If necessary, compact the solution. You can’t do without a deep vibrator. Remove air bubbles from the concrete by tapping the formwork with a hammer. When concreting the columns, the reinforcement frame is periodically aligned in the center. To lay the mortar, choose cement, which is part of concrete grade M400, of which one part is required; also, to prepare the mixture, take two parts of sand and two parts of gravel and crushed stone. Dry ingredients are poured with water in the required volume until a homogeneous thick consistency is obtained. At the end of the process of laying the prepared concrete mixture, they begin to install the reinforcement, which is fixed with anchors.

The laid concrete is left to dry in an area with optimal temperature conditions and humidity. The concrete surface is periodically irrigated with water and covered if necessary. plastic film to avoid exposure of the mixture to precipitation and direct sunlight.

Dismantling of formwork

After the concrete solution has hardened and achieved its maximum strength characteristics, they begin to dismantle the formwork. Removal of formwork is entrusted to qualified workers. Dismantling begins with removing the side parts of the formwork, which do not bear the load on the structure. It is important to dismantle the formwork after ensuring the strength of the concrete that is being installed building codes and rules. The strength of the concrete solution is determined in the laboratory by conducting trial tests on samples of the material. Stripping is carried out in a strict sequence, ensuring the safety of structural elements.

Conclusion

For successful production concrete columns it is important to consider the following points: type of soil, height construction site, climatic features terrain and purpose of the construction site.

Observing technological sequence installation and proper preparation of the concrete solution, you will get a strong and reliable base with a long service life.

When pouring columns with concrete, reinforcement work is carried out first.

We install reinforcing rods with a diameter of 12 mm in the shape of a square (in the corners). These rods are installed vertically; they are also called column rods. For ease of installation of the reinforcement frame, platforms with fences are installed every 2 m in height.

The frame is installed in several ways.

With relatively small masses and dimensions of the future column, the frame can be bent to the formwork body. If the frame turns out to be heavy (this is possible when using reinforcement with a diameter of 16 mm or more), then it is more effective to assemble only the base separately, and fasten it together at the pouring site. When ligating or welding, standing on the rods being welded is prohibited. When welding, it is most convenient to use a portable welding machine. Choose welding inverter Can . The reinforcement bars can also be welded together with wire, at a distance of 40-50cm. For such purposes, you can use a special gun for tying reinforcement.

We install the formwork.

First, we assemble the formwork body. Special attention it is worth paying attention to its fastening. The formwork is secured during installation with everyone sides of the future column (for a standard column - from four).

We install wooden spacers on each side of the future column. If the column turns out to be high, then a slightly different method is used. The box body is mounted on three sides, and the latter is increased directly during concreting. During installation, the box is leveled and fastened with screws. Corners are mounted on the sides to maintain a right angle of 90 degrees.

Concreting process.

One of the most important parameters when pouring concrete into columns is the mobility of the concrete mixture. Mobility refers to the ability of concrete to be distributed under the pressure of its mass. To measure mobility, use a concrete cone. It is filled with concrete layer by layer. After which it is lifted and the mixture settles under its own weight. How much the cone will sag, such mobility can be assigned mobility. There are flexible and rigid concrete mixtures. Mobility is marked with the letter “P” and a number from 1 to 5.

Draft	Designation


From 10cm to 15cm
From 16cm to 21cm
More than 22cm

When pouring columns, P2 or P3 concrete is used. And when large quantities reinforcement - P4 or P5 (cast concrete). It is excellent for pouring into formwork, without the use of an internal vibrator with a flexible shaft. As pouring progresses, mobility increases.

Pouring is done using a concrete pump or, as it is also called, a bell. To do this, remove the tray from the tub and install a funnel in its place. We install a tarpaulin sleeve on it with a clamp for pouring concrete. And we put its free end into the formwork.

Filling is done in layers. The layers go horizontally and STRICTLY in one direction. As the mixture is filled, it must be thoroughly compacted, removing excess air from the mixture. To do this, the mixture is pierced evenly throughout the entire volume using a metal rod. After this, you need to walk with a vibrator. Be sure to make sure it is grounded.

If it is not possible with a flexible shaft, then you can periodically tap the formwork with a hammer or rubber mallet. During the process, be sure to ensure that the formwork does not “go away” anywhere, and the reinforcement frame always remains strictly in the center.

Composition of the concrete mixture: 1 part M400 cement, 2 parts sand, 4 parts gravel or crushed stone (size from 20mm), and water. The amount of water is taken based on obtaining a homogeneous mass. When the column is poured, reinforcement is attached to it using anchors.

We remove the formwork.

When the concrete reaches full strength, the formwork is removed. Typically, the full strength of concrete mixtures is achieved in the period from 20 to 25 calendar days subject to optimal conditions solidification.

Monolithic columns are part of a building, vertical load-bearing elements. They lean on the columns balconies, terraces, ceilings. In addition to their main functions, columns are decorative element, decorate the entrance group of the building and the facade.

Columns receive and transmit the load from the elements above to the foundation of the building. Reinforced concrete pillars connect the structure and serve as support for the floors.

The architectural term "column" refers directly to the middle part, support pillar . The protrusions at the top of the post for supporting floors or crossbars are called capitals or consoles. Sometimes there is a column support, a glass for attaching to a columnar foundation.

Species and types

Concrete columns are divided by type of section, production method.

According to the type of section they are divided square, round or rectangular form.

Classified according to production method factory-ready elements, supplied to the site with ready-made structures or erected on construction site, monolithic columns.

Features of the construction of monolithic columns

Before carrying out work, prepare the site, necessary materials, tools, structures. The site is marked.

Then they move directly to construction:

assemble formwork;
install the reinforcement frame;
pour the concrete mixture;
carry out concrete maintenance procedures;
allow time for the mixture to gain strength;
demoulding structures.

Monolithic reinforced concrete columns calculated at the design stage. The cross-section and shape of the column, the diameter of the reinforcement, and the brand used will depend on the amount of the planned load, including the element’s own weight.

Important! Installation deficiencies and miscalculations lead to the destruction of the structure. If there is a lack of cross-section, deformation occurs longitudinal bending, the column bends under load.

Preparation of tools and materials

The need for materials and tools is clarified at the stage of preparation for work. Tools you will need:

metal square, level for checking the verticality and horizontality of surfaces;
steel rod, will help release air;
screwdriver for fastening formwork;
vibrator compacts the mixture;
prefabricated formwork from shields, supports.

The concrete mixture is delivered to the construction site ready-made or mixed immediately before laying using a concrete mixer. To prepare, take one part of cement, add two parts of sand, mix with two parts of crushed stone and two parts of gravel. By mixing the dry mixture with water, plastic concrete of a uniform consistency is achieved.

In addition to the concrete mixture, the following materials are required:

nails, self-tapping screws for fastening formwork;
reinforcing bars of design cross-section and length;
steel wire;

Installation of formwork

The formwork is installed in the design position. The shields are aligned vertically and strengthened with the help of struts, wooden struts. The struts are anchored using support blocks in two directions to prevent shifting.

When concreting a high column, the formwork installation process is somewhat different from the usual one. Three sides of the form are mounted, and the fourth side is closed as the formwork is filled with concrete.

Reinforcement

By tying the rods together, you get rigid volumetric frame to strengthen concrete. The number of longitudinal rods in the frame is 4-6 pcs. For a square section, four rods at the corners of the element are sufficient; for a rectangular shape, the long side is additionally reinforced. Cross-linking of reinforcement is used when constructing columns up to 2 meters long.

A frame exceeding a length of 2 m is tied with short rods across, in increments of 20-50 cm, taken in the calculation according to the planned load.

The capitals are reinforced with reinforcing mesh.

The thickness of the mesh rod is 15 mm, the cell size is 10 x 10 cm.

Reinforcement of the column is carried out by laying a mesh in each step; the dimensions and number of meshes are taken from the project.

Concreting

After installing the formwork and reinforcement cage, concreting begins, which produced in layers, in layers 0.3-0.5 m thick, preventing the previous layer from setting. Do not add 50-70 mm of mortar to the top of the formwork.

To shrink concrete in columns above 5 meters, arrange technological breaks from 40 minutes to 2 hours.

When feeding ready-mixed concrete by mechanization, the feed speed is reduced to avoid segregation. Air is released from the mixture using steel rods, concrete compacted with manual vibrators. In places inaccessible to the vibrator, the concrete is compacted manually by careful bayoneting.

Upon completion of work, they produce seasonal care behind the concrete.

Dismantling of formwork

Time required for concrete to reach 100% working strength is 28 calendar days. The indicator may vary depending on environmental conditions - temperature, humidity, care package. Middle period standing time for monolithic columns before stripping is 7-10 days summer period. This period allows the corners and side edges to form.

note

Concrete columns are strong load-bearing structures, the main task of which is to provide structures with the required level of vertical rigidity and strength. As a rule, they act as part of a monolithic frame of a structure, supporting ceilings, terraces, balconies, etc. or being a decorative element for decoration entrance group facade and building.

Columns can be metal, prefabricated or monolithic; the appropriate type of element is chosen depending on the required characteristics (primarily load-bearing capacity). The main task of the element is to become a support for various structural elements, ensure their vertical strength and evenly distribute the load, eliminate the risk of deformation and destruction, and in rare cases, decorate the interior.

You can install concrete columns for your home yourself. Subject to compliance with all production and use standards quality materials the element will exactly meet the requirements and characteristics, effectively performing its assigned function.

Purpose of concrete columns

The element takes on and transfers to the foundation the load from higher structural parts. become the support of the floors, connecting the structure between the base and ceiling surface. The pillar supports a variety of terraces, balconies, porches, ceilings, making it possible to implement any design idea and significantly increasing the service life of the entire building.

If we're talking about O decorative design, then in this case, concreting the columns acts as a means of decorating the facade and interior. They are often made with column sills, consoles, capitals, decorated with stucco molding, original patterns, various types material processing.

Species and types

The shape of a concrete column can be: round, square, rectangular, which is determined by the cross-section of the support.

According to production technology:

1) Prefabricated concrete columns - produced at the factory, transported to the site, relatively inexpensive, provide quick installation, high speed drying of the solution.

2) Monolithic columns - poured into molds directly on site. It is possible to control the quality of laying the solution and the flow of the mixture. But the production of such structural elements requires a lot of labor and time, and is quite expensive.

When choosing the type of column, it is very important to consider the type of marking of the finished reinforced concrete product of this type.

Column markings:

T1 - for fixing concrete consoles installed perpendicular to the main columns.
C1 – for the installation of lattice connections.
L1 – for the installation of flights of stairs with three flights.
L - stairs are connected with two flights.
P - used in places where it is necessary to create a column under a crossbar (installed where there is a rotation of the general frame).
SS – support with 2-4 edges for high-quality fastening of the rigid walls.
C - for fastening various panels in contact with the reinforcement walls.
T – concrete columns at the ends of building enclosing panels.

Features of the construction of monolithic columns

Before starting production reinforced concrete supports, you need to prepare a flat area, take care of tools and materials, mark and calculate everything, then complete everything construction works. The requirements for concrete mortar are simple - the mixture must be plastic and strong enough.

The shape and cross-section of concrete columns, the diameter of metal rods, and the grade of concrete depend on the volume of load acting on the element (taking into account the dead weight of the support), the climatic characteristics of the region, the number of storeys of the building, and the purpose of the object.

In the construction of a personal building, square supports are usually installed where it is necessary to take the load of the floors and transfer it to the foundation.

Creating monolithic columns:

Formwork construction
Installation metal frame
, ensuring normal conditions for its drying
Dismantling the formwork after the concrete solution has completely dried and gained strength