How to lay a wire underground on a site. How to properly lay cables in a summer cottage. Obtaining permits for underground input

28.10.2019

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The question often arises before the owners of private households: is it possible to lay power cable underground? Which wire is better to use? What standards should be followed?
The main method of laying power lines to a private house or dacha is overhead or underground. To transfer electricity to the point of consumption, a method such as laying cables in the ground is used. This economical option installation of power lines. The advantage of this method is that the wiring is hidden, which does not spoil appearance buildings, the wires do not get caught in the wind, and the wires will not interfere when moving oversized loads. Well, as a bonus, the cable is cooled in the ground, which prevents it from overheating and damage.

There are many benefits to laying wires and cables underground. When installing this wiring, it is necessary to comply with the special technological process. The following advantages can be identified:

Cost-effective, the cost of work will not exceed the cost of the materials used. The most acceptable option compared to a gasket overhead line, which requires special approval, Additional materials, technique;
To avoid damage to the cable, a shallow trench is made and no material or other means are required to maintain the line;
The ability to lay the cable yourself without resorting to the help of installers and without using special equipment in the form of a tower;
The wiring location is hidden from view, so it does not spoil appearance terrain;
This method allows the use of high-voltage electrical cables of various cross-sections, without the use of reinforcements for suspension devices.

Rules that must be followed for laying wires underground

Installation is carried out in compliance with PTEEP and PUE, regardless of the purpose and type of wire used. The following points must be observed:

The cable is laid at a depth of 70 cm or more. If the power line is short (less than 5 meters) and the cable is protected in the form of a pipe, then laying at a depth of 50 centimeters is allowed;
It is not permissible to lay wiring under the foundation of a building. A minimum of 60 centimeters should be measured from the foundation to install the line. If a wire stretches from one building to another through the foundation, then it must be protected with a steel pipe. Such protection is mandatory since any cable is susceptible to all sorts of harmful influences;
The distance in the trench between the wires is usually at least 10 centimeters. Based on this, the size of the trench is calculated;
When laying cables, a distance of at least 2 meters from trees on the site should be maintained; a distance of -75 cm from the bushes is required. These rules can be violated if there is additional protection, for example, in the form of a steel pipe;
From communications such as sewerage, water supply, it is necessary to make a distance of -1 meter or more, from a gas pipeline -2 meters or more;
If cables intersect in trenches, they should be insulated from each other with an earthen layer of 50 cm or more in size;
If used underground method wiring, then the wire should be armored, specially designed for these purposes. This is necessary to create protection from the influence of physical influences and underground pests;
When laying using a winch that unwinds the drum, it is necessary to equip the mechanism with a limiter. In this case, installation with a snake is possible, then the line will not have tension;
If connection is necessary electric wire metal couplings are used independently. This connection method gives good contact for a long time;
For additional protection for the power line, an asbestos-cement pipe or a special brick structure is used;
After laying the wiring, a warning tape is laid on top with a designation and warning about the electrical wiring.

Selecting an electrical cable for underground wiring

In underground wiring, types of armored cables are used - VB 6ShV, as well as VB6ShVng, these products have steel protection. This option is resistant to mechanical damage and will prevent rodents from damaging the wiring.
Having such protection, the cable will last long years. The armored cable is laid without a pipeline, but the use of a pipe is recommended to avoid damage to the wiring by government employees. organizations in the process of carrying out work.
The electrical wire for laying in the ground should be selected taking into account required power consumers of the object. For example:

- The VBShvng 4x6 cable is designed for a power of 11 kW;
- The VBShvng 4x10 cable is designed for a power of 15 kW;
- The VBShvng 4x16 cable is designed for a power of 21 kW.

Work order

There is a certain sequence when laying a leash in the ground:

Designation of the location of the power line;
Selecting a cable suitable for this type of work;
Construction of a trench for wiring;
Laying cables in the ground;
Arrangement of wire protection with a cushion, then with soil and signaling tape;
Carrying out verification work on the operation of the line;
The final stage is digging the trench.

Stages of electrical wiring work

To create underground wiring, you must have special knowledge:

The first step is to mark the route on the ground for the power line at the dacha, suburban area etc.;
When marking, it is possible to use all kinds of stakes and ropes. It is necessary to carefully ensure that there is no intersection with communication networks;
It is worth creating a cable layout plan. The drawing indicates the distances for the cable exiting the ground, as well as its turns. It is important to check before installation whether the wiring is disconnected from the mains voltage;
Then a trench is dug according to the markings made. As a rule, its depth is 80 cm, the width for laying one cable is 20 cm. The bottom of the dug trench should be compacted;
There is an option - the bottom of the trench is lined with red brick;
If you plan to conduct electrical wiring across the road, then in this case the depth should be at least 120 cm;
When laying the cable in the ground, it is necessary to clear the trench of branches, stones and other objects;
Next, a cushion of sand -12 cm is poured in. It will protect against the possibility of a wire break;
The de-energized wire must be placed so that it is not too taut. As a rule, they lay the whole wire without connecting sections;
The final stage is backfilling the trench with electrical wiring. After this, the cable is checked for short circuits and its armor is grounded.

Be sure to watch the video on how to lay cables in the ground correctly:

IN winter period Underground installation of the electrical wiring line is permissible, the following must be taken into account:

Before installation, the cable is warmed up in the living room. The heated cable is laid, preventing freezing. If the frost is more than 20 degrees, the possibility of installation is excluded;
If the air temperature is minus 5 or higher, it is possible not to carry out the warm-up procedure if the wire high pressure;
At a temperature of minus 7, it is permissible to lay a conductor protected by insulation;
If the temperature is minus 15 or higher and the conductor is protected with PVC film or a rubber sheath;
Laying at minus 20 degrees is possible, if the wire is protected with PVC sheath or rubber insulation and if there is a lead sheath on top.

There are details that are worth considering; they will help to carry out the work more correctly:

These rules for laying underground wiring must be observed for safe work and subsequent operation. If the rules are violated, troubles may arise that will be difficult to correct.

Usually on summer cottage How many buildings are being built: country house, bathhouse, summer cuisine, utility block, etc. and so on.

Initially, electricity was supplied to one of them, but everything needs to be electrified. Yes, and I would like to do outdoor lighting. And the problem of choosing arises - which method of laying electrical communications, overhead or underground, is more suitable for your dacha.

Choosing a method

The air method is simple and cheap if the distance between objects is small. If the distance is large, then you will have to install an additional pole or support. And hanging garlands overhead do not at all decorate the country landscape.

The underground method of laying cables in a country house is more aesthetically pleasing and is suitable for laying over long distances or for outdoor lighting equipment.

In order to lay a cable underground in a dacha, you must comply with all necessary requirements safety rules, and you should also study the features of your summer cottage.

Rules for laying cables underground

First you need to choose the optimal route for laying the cable underground in your summer cottage. It is important here that the cable runs at least a meter (and usually more!) from big trees and in places where digging will obviously not be carried out. The cable path should not run under places where there is an increased load on the ground, for example, a site that is used to park your car in the country. Think over the laying route so that communications do not interfere with your further construction. Let the communications be a little longer than running them under the arable land or future building. It is best to place the cable under the tracks, or preferably next to them. We strongly recommend drawing a plan of its location.

You should not use the same cable to connect buildings and external lighting - first conduct communications between buildings. They must be done once and for all. When everything is done, start experimenting with outdoor lighting: this is creative work and does not always work out the first time.

Laying cables underground in a dacha begins with marking and excavating a trench. Its optimal depth should be at least 70 centimeters, and taking into account the pillow, 80 centimeters is better. This is for communication between buildings. For laying cables underground for external lighting, these figures are usually 40-50 cm.

After the trench is dug, it must be cleared of objects such as stones, pieces of iron or glass shards that could damage the cable insulation. Then you need to make a sand cushion. The thickness of the cushion should be at least 5, and preferably 10 centimeters, and the sand itself should be fairly evenly distributed along the entire length of the trench.

Material used

It's time to select a cable. All modern views cables and wires have the necessary water resistance for laying in the ground. Even ordinary installation wires of the series (PBPP / PUNP, PVS, ShVVP) can be safely laid underground or in water.

Power cables VVG(especially VVGz), KG are even better suited for these purposes. All these wires do not require any additional waterproofing.

But it’s still better to lay these cables in HDPE pipes. If there is a need to lay a cable protected by a case, then HDPE technical pipes are ideal technical solution. The most popular use of these pipes is to protect electrical, television and telephone (Internet) cables. Use of Gost HDPE pipe in in this case possible, but not advisable, because high price raw materials and compliance with all drinking pipe production standards increases the cost of the project significantly. During production technical pipe HDPE uses various polyethylene additives (the basis is secondary raw materials and defects of “pipe” production), which significantly reduces its price.

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The base color of the pipes is black, but the presence of recycled materials can give different shades. By technical requirements The presence of recycled low- and high-density polyethylene of certain grades is permitted. Pipes must be round, smooth and even both outside and inside.

HDPE pipes They are connected by couplings (fittings), but this does not guarantee 100% tightness - it is better to lay them in one piece from building to building.

There is also a special armored cable for underground laying– VBBSH. This cable has a steel sleeve already built into it and has very good waterproofing. It can be placed without additional protection.

To lay cables underground in a country house between buildings, it is highly recommended to use it.

Carefully inspect the cable from all sides to check the integrity of its sheath. The cable must be laid in a trench (or pipe) in such a way that it lies freely and not under tension.

You can now start backfilling. The cable must be covered with sand 10 centimeters thick. The cable should not protrude anywhere from the layer of sand. A 15-centimeter layer of soil is poured on top of the sand. Then you can (if you're an amateur) lay the signal tape so that the middle of the tape is located just above the cable.

We fill the entire trench, leaving a small mound, since the soil tends to settle. When using HDPE pipes, the outlet to the building must be provided with fittings.

Some additional tips. Firstly, when laying a cable underground in a country house between buildings, use a cable with a cross-section of at least 4 mm. Secondly, lay only a solid cable underground, do not make connections.

Typically, several buildings are erected on a summer cottage: a country house, a bathhouse, a summer kitchen, a utility block, etc. and so on. Initially, electricity was supplied to one of them, but everything needs to be electrified. Yes, and I would like to do outdoor lighting. And the problem of choosing arises - which method of laying electrical communications, overhead or underground, is more suitable for your beautiful dacha.

Underground method of laying cables in the country more aesthetically pleasing and suitable for laying over long distances or for outdoor lighting equipment.

In order to lay a cable underground at your dacha, you must comply with all the necessary safety regulations, and you should also study the features of your dacha.

First you need to choose the optimal route for laying the cable underground in your summer cottage. It is important here that the cable runs at least a meter (and usually more!) from large trees and in places where digging will obviously not take place. The cable path should not run under places where there is an increased load on the ground, for example, a site that is used to park your car in the country. Think over the laying route so that communications do not interfere with your further construction. Let the communications be a little longer than running them under the arable land or future building. It is best to place the cable under the tracks, or preferably next to them. We strongly recommend drawing a plan of its location.

You should not use the same cable to connect buildings and first conduct communications between buildings. They must be done once and for all. When everything is done, start experimenting with outdoor lighting: this is creative work and does not always work out the first time.

Laying cables underground at the dacha begins with marking and excavating the trench. Its optimal depth should be at least 70 centimeters, and taking into account the pillow, 80 centimeters is better. This is for communication between buildings. For laying cables underground for external lighting, these figures are usually 40-50 cm.

It's time to select a cable. All modern types of cables and wires have the necessary water resistance for installation in the ground. Even ordinary installation wires series ( PBPP / PUNP, PVS, SHVVP) can be safely laid underground or in water.

Power cables VVG(especially VVGz), KG are even better suited for these purposes. All these wires do not require any additional waterproofing.

But it’s still better to lay these cables in HDPE pipes. If there is a need to lay a cable protected by a case, then HDPE technical pipes– an ideal technical solution. The most popular use of these pipes is to protect electrical, television and telephone (Internet) cables. The use of Gost HDPE pipe in this case is possible, but not advisable, because the high cost of raw materials and compliance with all drinking pipe production standards increases the cost of the project significantly. In the manufacture of technical HDPE pipes, various polyethylene additives are used (the basis is secondary raw materials and defects in “pipe” production), which significantly reduces its price.

The base color of the pipes is black, but the presence of recycled materials can give different shades. According to technical requirements, the presence of recycled low- and high-density polyethylene of certain grades is permitted. Pipes must be round, smooth and even both outside and inside.

HDPE pipes are connected with couplings (fittings), but this does not guarantee 100% tightness - it is better to lay them in one piece from building to building.

There is also a special armored cable for underground installation – VBBSH. This cable has a steel sleeve already built into it and has very good waterproofing. It can be placed without additional protection.

To lay cables underground in a country house between buildings, it is highly recommended to use it.

Carefully inspect the cable from all sides to check the integrity of its sheath. The cable must be laid in a trench (or pipe) in such a way that it lies freely and not under tension.

We fill the entire trench, leaving a small mound, since the soil tends to settle. When using HDPE pipes, the outlet to the building must be provided with fittings.

A few additional tips. Firstly, when laying a cable underground in a country house between buildings, use a cable with a cross-section of at least 4 mm. Secondly, lay only a solid cable underground, do not make connections.

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The underground cable entry into the house has a mass significant benefits. Here are the main ones: the risk of fire is minimized; the cable is reliably protected from theft, vandalism and adverse weather influences; the architectural design is not spoiled. To experience all these benefits, you need to know not only how to run a cable into a house underground, but also what kind of cable to put into a house underground?

Underground cable entry into the house using armored cable

To connect a house to the electrical network, it is necessary to use a cable that can withstand the pressure of soil masses and other similar influences. Take armored cable for example. Underground cable entry into the house must be carried out in the following order:

1. Dig a trench from the pillar to the entrance to the building through the foundation (its depth should be 70-90 cm).
2. Pour sand into the trench (the sand layer should be 20 cm thick). Sand is needed to remove excess moisture in autumn and spring.
3. Place the cable in the trench. It is important that it lies in a wavy manner. Lowering from the pole into the ground must be done in a pipe (its height should be 2 meters).
4. Enter the cable into the house underground. This can be done through a wall or foundation. In the first case, a hole is drilled in the wall. A pipe is laid in it. The end of the cable is passed through a pipe made of metal or plastic.

5. If you decide to enter through the foundation, then create a hole of a suitable diameter in it. Insert a piece of metal pipe into the hole and lay the cable into it. The pipe must be fixed using cement-concrete mortar. The pipe should be insulated on both sides. This will require non-flammable material. This must be done in order to prevent the penetration of water and soil.
6. Connect the cable to the protective device in the distribution panel, and on the support to the overhead line wires using piercing clamps. The cable is fixed to the pole with metal tapes with a pitch of no more than 100 cm. Be sure to ground the armor, both from the side of the pole and from the side of the shield.
7. Once you are satisfied that everything is done correctly, dig the trench. After some time, the soil will shrink, so a mound should be created above the trench (its height should be 15-20 cm).

Underground cable entry into the house using an unarmored cable and HDPE pipe

It is also possible to supply power using an unarmored cable to the house underground. In this case, you will need an unarmored cable and a HDPE pipe. Such a pipe can withstand very severe frosts. It does not smoke or burn, is characterized by high strength, increased ductility, and resistance to chemicals.

Before you begin connecting, carefully inspect the VVG cable. It is important that the shell is not damaged. Otherwise, the HDPE pipe will not be able to perform its intended functions. Then you can safely perform the following steps:

Dig a trench.
. Place a pipe of the required diameter into it.
. Pull the cable. It is important that it is not in tension.
. Enter the cable into the house underground. This can be done above the foundation (on external wall home) or through it. When entering through a wall or foundation, a passage of suitable diameter must be created. Place a pipe and cable into this passage.
. Backfill the pipe. Use sand first (layer thickness should be 10 cm). Then fill in the soil (layer thickness should be 15 cm).

Now you know how to run a cable underground into a house. But before you do this, you must obtain the appropriate permission. To do this, it is necessary to develop an energy supply project (drawings and plans). The permit will have to be approved by the services that are responsible for various facilities and communications (gas pipeline, water supply, communication systems, heating mains, etc.). If one or another communication is located near the installation, it is necessary to call the person responsible for it in order to coordinate the location of the trench.

The company "Kabel.RF ®" is one of the leaders in the sale of cable products and has warehouses located in almost all regions Russian Federation. By consulting with the company’s specialists, you can purchase the brand you need at competitive prices.

When electrifying a private house or cottage, you have to decide whether the route will run through the air or in the ground. Laying a cable in the ground requires more work, but it provides greater safety: it is more difficult to pull wires out from under the ground than to cut them from the cable. Therefore, despite the high cost, this method is often chosen.

The route for underground cable laying from the pole to the house will be drawn for you in the project and all that remains for you is to follow all the instructions. But when distributing electricity throughout the site, you have to design the route yourself. The most economical option is a straight line from one point to another. But a real route like this practically never happens. Most often this is a broken line, since you have to go around many obstacles.

How to lay a route

When planning a route, you must adhere to the following rules:

Drawing a plan

Once you have a rough idea of the route, transfer it to a piece of paper. This plan should also include main structures, water supply, sewerage, etc. After you dig a trench and lay the cable (before backfilling), measure the distance to all “long-term” objects and transfer them to the plan.

Professionals call this process “localization.” This plan with distances can be very useful later - when redeveloping the site, planning new buildings, etc. He will also be there if there is a need to repair the transmission line. According to the plan, you will restore the location of the route.

Cable protection on top

When laying cables in the ground, there is always a high probability that when carrying out any earthworks it may be damaged. Therefore, the PUE provides for the presence of protection above the route. For powerful cables - 1 kV (1000 Volts) and above - protection is required concrete slabs or solid brick. For low-power lines, which usually power our homes, it is permissible to lay the cable in the ground with signal plastic tapes. This method of protection is permitted if there are no more than two conductors in the trench.

Signal tapes are laid along the cables at a distance of 250 mm from their outer cover. If there is only one power line, the tape is placed above it; if there are two or more, two or more tapes are placed. Their edges should protrude beyond the cable by at least 50 mm, and adjacent tapes should be placed with an overlap of 50 mm.

Underground cable laying technology

Laying a cable in the ground means digging a trench along the entire route. The recommended depth is 70-80 cm. If for some reason it is not possible to dig into such a depth, you can reduce it, but lay a line into pipes or a protective shell. This can be a corrugated hose or special pipes, the outer shell of which is made of more rigid polypropylene, and inner part- made of softer polyethylene.

You can also use asbestos-cement or water pipes plastic pipes suitable diameters. Why not sewer? Their walls are thinner and they cannot protect against serious loads. It is not recommended to use metal pipes, but because of their excessive rigidity: when the soil moves, their hard edge can (and often does) grind the shell. Therefore, if you lay the cable in metal pipes, they will need to be welded along the entire route and figure out how to make the edges not so hard.

If pipe cases are used on the cable route, it is better to seal their edges. So the earth will not fill in them, the water will not flood. The easiest way is to add a little from the edge polyurethane foam, but you can also use a cement-sand mortar or rags soaked in cement milk. Which one is more convenient? Just remember that the cable inside should not be stretched. There should be a little slack.

In addition to the depth, you also need to decide on the width of the trench. For one cable, it is recommended to be 25-30 cm wide. When laying two or more, there must be at least 100 mm of distance between them. In addition, the distance from the outer cables to the wall is at least 15 cm. In accordance with these recommendations, the width of the trench is determined.

List and order of work

Laying cables in the ground begins with earthworks. Using the marked route and selected parameters, we dig a trench, simultaneously removing all hard and sharp objects from the walls. It is advisable to make the walls with a slight slope - this way they will crumble less and work more conveniently. When the trench is ready, the order of work is as follows:

This completes the laying of the cable in the ground. But there are also features and nuances.

Before laying the cable in the ground and after backfilling, it is very advisable to check the insulation resistance. For this purpose, a megohmmeter is used, which feeds high voltage, checking the quality and condition of the insulation.

After checking, do not forget to remove the residual voltage by shorting the wires to ground. This operation must be carried out with great caution, since good quality insulation and a long route, the voltage can be very considerable. Defeat to them has serious consequences, including death. Therefore, when working with an ohmmeter and when removing residual voltage, do not forget about dielectric gloves and glasses.

Since the ohmmeter is in household Rarely encountered, vinyl insulated cables can be checked using a conventional tester or voltmeter. They will not measure the insulation resistance, but they will show the presence of a breakdown or short between the conductors. We call all the conductors with each other, as well as each with the ground, screen or armor. If there are any problems, it is better not to use this piece.

When laying and filling with sand, make sure that the insulation is not damaged. After installation, also check the insulation or ring the wires. You probably know what happens if you apply voltage to a conductor with broken insulation.

It is better to bury a single piece of cable in the ground without connections. If this is not possible, connect the two pieces above the ground in a special installation box for the street. The box can be mounted on a post that is dug in where the cables exit to the surface. It is unwise to make homemade couplings, since they have low quality and they are usually the sources of problems.

If several lines are laid in a trench, and they must pass through a protective shell, then each should have its own shell.

How to enter the house

Entering a cable laid underground into a house can be done in several ways, but the PUE does not allow simply running it through the foundation. There are other methods:

Laying cables in the ground requires attention. It is very important not to damage the insulation during work, otherwise you will have to redo everything all over again.

Which cable can I use?

To lay cables in the ground, you need to use products with high degree protection from moisture, in a hard shell. Vinyl and polyethylene shells satisfy these conditions. These are the cables that are usually used: VVB (armored), VVBbG (armor + waterproofing), VBBShv (armor + polyethylene hose). But they are expensive, although they last a long time. It is advisable to use them to supply electricity from the pole to the house.

When choosing the type of armor, you need to pay attention to the acidity of the soil, the amount large stones, construction waste. For neutral soils Steel armor with small inclusions of stones is suitable. It is also suitable for clays and loams. For acidic or alkaline soils you need lead or aluminum armor. The same cables are best used on soils with normal acidity but with big amount stones.

Wiring around the site can be done using cheaper conductors. NYM and SIP feel normal. They can work up to 5 years. VVG is definitely not worth using for underground installation. It lasts for a maximum of a couple of years, which, given the volume of land work, is not at all pleasing.

In general, it makes more sense to install more expensive cables, but with a better protective sheath. It may cost more at the installation stage, but there will be no problems and you won’t have to think about replacing it with a new one in a couple of years.