Irises Iris. Selection of bearded irises Structure of an iris flower diagram

Family Irisaceae, genus Iris.

In the domestic garden classification of irises there is a clear division into two large groups:

• Bearded irises
• Not bearded irises

Both are rhizomatous plants!

To avoid confusion, it is necessary to clarify that currently there is no unified classification genus Iris.

You may have probably heard concepts like

• Rhizomatous irises
• Bulbous irises
• Dutch irises

The Russian Iris Society (ROI) classifies only rhizomatous irises as true irises. The world community thinks differently: for example, if you refer to the well-known publication thePlantList, the genus Iris includes bulbous irises eg Iris xiphium Iris xiphium and Iris junonia Iris Juno.

Russian scientists believe that the attribution of Juno and Xyphium to Irises is erroneous; these are completely different plants, as evidenced by the differences in ontogenesis (age phases) of plants.

In the genus Xyphium, 6 species have been identified, which have been widely used in interspecific hybridization. The results of such selection in different countries led to the appearance on the market of so-called Dutch, Spanish or English bulbous irises.

They are also found in our gardens, although due to climate differences, mainly English hybrids are popular, less often Dutch ones (they are characterized by weak frost resistance), Spanish bulbous irises are practically not found - they are not winter-hardy at all.

Time will tell who is right – the world community or Russian scientists. But for now the planting material bulbous plants continues to arrive on Russian shelves under the name Iris hybrid.

Iris setosa

Bulbous irises

The difference between bulbous irises is in the root system, the nutrient storage organ - the bulb, which is also the reproductive organ, consists of 3-7 fleshy scales, not fused with edges covered with membranous protective scales. The leaves of bulbous irises are lanceolate, grooved, tetrahedral (square when cut), sometimes almost cylindrical. Peduncles are long and thin.

Dutch Iris Iris hollandica

English hybrids of bulbous irises originated from Xiphium latifolium, so many bulbs have numerous, thread-like roots that die off over time summer period peace.

In addition to their external differences, bulbous irises differ from rhizomatous irises in their cultivation characteristics. If the rhizomatous ones do not tolerate air humidity and dampness, love the sun, and do not require digging after flowering, then the bulbous ones, for the most part, grow well under light shade, after flowering they require drying the bulbs and storing them in a cool, dry place (care is almost the same as caring for lilies).

Bearded iris

Bearded iris is not a separate species, but the largest group of the genus Iris, uniting different kinds and varieties of irises that have an anatomical feature of the flower structure: on the lower petals there is a strip of fibers of a contrasting color, similar to a wedge-shaped French beard. The beard of hairs is clearly visible on the central vein of the lower petals, but in some species it is also present on the upper petals. Majority bearded irises originally from South or of Eastern Europe and are classified into sections.

Classification of bearded irises

In addition to specific irises (about 50 species), bearded irises include several thousand decorative hybrids, which in turn are divided into Bearded Irises and Aril + Arilbreds.

The Bearded Irises themselves are divided by height into categories:

• MDB - miniature dwarf bearded, peduncle up to 20 cm, flower diameter 6-10 cm.
• SDB - standard dwarf bearded, peduncle 20-40 cm, flower diameter 8-10 cm.
• IB - intermediate bearded, peduncle 40-70 cm, flower diameter 7-12 cm.
• BB - border bearded, peduncle 40-70 cm, flower diameter 6-12 cm.
• MTB - miniature tall bearded, peduncle 40-70 cm, flower diameter 5-8 cm.
• TB - tall bearded peduncles, 70-110 cm, flower diameter 12-20 cm.

A mark indicating membership in the category may be indicated on the planting material (branded packaging with bulbs).

In addition to those mentioned above, Irises are accepted in Russian society, although they are very rare:

• Non-Aril-like Arilbreds (AB)
• Arils and Aril-like Arilbreds

Also in catalogs of bearded irises you can see an abbreviation indicating the flowering time:

• E (Early Season) – early date flowering
• M (Mid Season) – average term flowering
• L (Late Season) – late date flowering
• VE (very early) - very early
• VL (very late) - very late
• EML – long flowering

All bearded irises - perennials with a strong rhizome, on average about 1.5-2 cm thick, it is juicy, fleshy, located horizontally underground, and has clearly defined annual thickenings. In some species, the rhizome has a distinct odor (violet aroma). The leaves are usually gray-green, sword-shaped, two-rowed, flat. Peduncle erect, tall, branched. The flower consists of six petals in two tiers: three rise to the top - they are called standards, and three are arched to the bottom - they are called fouls. The shades and colors are very diverse.

Bearded iris - flower structure

The peculiarities of agricultural technology for rhizomatous irises are simple: they love a lot of sunny color (varietal irises are especially light-loving), timely watering, but do not tolerate frequent rains, dampness and high humidity air. Soils: well-drained, fertile, with an acidity pH of 6.5-7.5 (neutral or slightly alkaline).

In Russia, hybrids of German Iris, pale Iris, variegated Iris and other species are usually common. And they are usually referred to as hybrid iris Iris hybrida; in total, more than 30 thousand varieties are registered. Flowering periods vary, most bloom in May-June.

It should also be noted that irises have remontant varieties– capable of blooming two or more times during one summer season.

Bearded iris variety ‘Victor Hugo’

Another classification accepted throughout the world according to color scheme, color of iris flowers:

• Iris self Iris is one color - standards and fouls are the same color, the beard may have a different shade
• Iris complete self The iris is completely monochromatic - all parts of the flower, including the beards, are the same color and shade
• Iris bicolor – standards and fouls of different colors
• Iris amoena is a specific two-color iris, the standards of which are white or have a very light shade, the fouls are colored.
• Iris reverse amoena (or darktop) is a two-color iris that has colored standards and white fouls.
• Iris variegata Iris variegata - yellow standards, fouls - red-burgundy or brown.
• Iris bitone Iris is two-tone - standards have a lighter shade, and fouls have a lighter shade dark shade the same color.
• Iris reverse bitone - reverse two-tone - the standards have a darker shade, and the fouls are lighter, all of the same color.
• Iris neglecta Iris neglecta is a variation of the two-tone iris: the standards are a lighter shade of blue or purple, and the fouls are a darker shade of the same color (blue or purple).
• Iris reverse neglecta is another variation of the two-tone iris: the standards are a darker shade of blue or purple, and the fouls are darker. light shade the same color (blue or purple).
• Iris luminata Iris luminata - standards are lighter than the fouls (several tones), the fouls around the beards have a lighter, almost white stripe or a colored stripe (yellow, orange or pink), all petals have light marbled veins, the fouls are red, burgundy, purple or blue.
• Iris plicata Iris plicata (folded) - on a lighter background, a pattern of small dots or strokes of a different color, often turning into a solid border along the edge of the petal.
• Iris glaciata Iris glaciata - there is no anthocyanin pigment in the color of the petals (red, purple or blue), so they are pure white or carotenoid in color (yellow, orange, pink).
• Iris broken color Irises with “broken color” are varieties with genetically fixed mottling, marbling - white strokes and spots, the color of standards and fouls is very different.
• Iris blend - mixed irises - which have two or more colors in the color of the petals, as a rule, a smooth transition from one color to another (iridescent color).

And a little more terminology that may be useful in growing irises. There are such concepts as:

• Space irises (Iris Space Agers or SA) - these irises are distinguished by the spatial design of flowers, 3B - flowers - when the beards have a continuation of various shapes in the form of a horn, spoon, arrow, or petaloid (petal-shaped formation).
• Corrugated irises - having a pronounced waviness on the outer part of the petals.
• Lacy irises - the lush corrugation along the edge of the petals turns into lace.

Non-bearded irises

These irises differ in that the outer perianth lobes (foli) are hairless, all petals are smooth.

Non-bearded irises are divided into classes:

• SIB - Siberian
• CHR - Chrysographs
• JA - Japanese
• SPU – Spuria
• LA - Louisiana
• CA - Californian
• OT - Others (pseuudacorus, versicolors, laevigates, setoses and other small varieties not classified into separate classes).

In Russia you can find representatives of not all classes of beardless people. For example, for obvious reasons (climate imbalance), you are unlikely to see California or Louisiana irises in person. But Japanese ones are easy, there are even varieties of domestic selection, for example, ‘Altai Snow Maiden’ or ‘Lilac Haze’. Popular Siberian varieties, predominantly in the blue range of flower colors: ‘ An ordinary miracle’, ‘Blue Lagoon’, there is a snow-white ‘Snow Maiden’.

Japanese iris (non-bearded)

Non-bearded irises have different shape flowers, some varieties (almost all Japanese) have standards - the upper three petals are not located vertically, but, like the foils, are bent far down. In some varieties, the standards (upper petals) are very small sizes and slightly raised, while others have all six petals exactly the same in appearance.

Uses of irises

Bearded irises are used in garden design in group or single plantings (solitaires), in mixborders, they grow well on rocky slopes, and look impressive in orderly rows along paths. Miniature varieties irises are applicable on borders and mixborders in the foreground, in the design alpine slides, they can be grown in a container (pots).

Most varieties of bearded irises are suitable for cutting and forcing.

When choosing irises for your garden, it is very important to take into account the climatic needs of a particular variety. Iris is a capricious flower that does not tolerate dampness and cold; choose varieties based on frost resistance, locally bred, which are more resistant to cold winters and, most likely, will be less susceptible to various diseases.

Important: In bearded (hybrid) irises, like many other irises, almost all parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if you eat them by mistake, you can get poisoning - abdominal pain and vomiting. Sometimes there is information about the edibility of rhizomes, for example, Iris Florentine - this is an erroneous opinion; under no circumstances should you eat them. Even the juice of rhizomes and leaves, when handled with bare hands, can cause skin irritation or an allergic reaction!

Indeed, the rhizome of the orris root - Iris Florentine - has found application in industry: it is crushed into powder, which is added to laundry detergents, as a flavoring agent in cosmetics(shampoos, perfumes, soaps) for hair care, previously often used in tooth powders, sometimes in folk medicine as an expectorant and decongestant. But no one ever uses it as a food product.

I want to leave a memory behind in life, good memory. Some leave castles on the coast Mediterranean Sea and football clubs, others - yachts and Mercedes, but nothing compares to a new variety of flower. The first is transitory, the second is eternal. Of course, the world's largest breeders are developing new varieties using the latest advances in this field, or varieties that are of global interest. And if after reading this article about selection flower crops a child or teenager, together with his loved ones, touches on the secret of hybridization (crossing and breeding a new variety), then it will sink into his soul and he will grow up to be a great lover of, say, irises, and maybe even a scientist - then I wrote this article for a reason.

Gardening brings the family together. Together we cultivate the land, together for our health and the health of our grandchildren and children we obtain an environmentally friendly harvest. And how pleasant and reliable life becomes when the whole family, young and old, gathers in the garden to look at the blossoming flower, over which two years ago the grandparents “conjured”. And then the whole family, taking into account the opinions of the little ones, come up with a name for the new variety of flower.

I am close in spirit to the words of S. N. Loktev, President of the Russian Iris Society: “Genuine love is unthinkable without creativity and creation.”

Let us also try to touch this holy of holies - creativity and creation.

I set myself a difficult task. On the one hand, I want to throw out all the knowledge that was gleaned from the literature on irises, from the bulletins of the Russian Iris Society and my own experience; on the other hand, to present the material simply and clearly, just as a botany teacher once laid out complex things for us on shelves - and everything became simple and understandable.

One of the talented teachers once taught a lesson for... his colleagues. He gave them a lecture on anatomy using a large number of terms, naturally, unfamiliar to his listeners. After the lesson I conducted a survey. Even the teachers only learned five percent of the information.

Therefore, may my fellow iris growers forgive me, I will not use many special terms at once, but will tell you simply and clearly, so that even a ten-year-old child can approach a flower and find those very stamens and pistils, on the pollination of which the fate of the new variety depends .

In order to carry out pollination, you need at least a small collection, in in this case tall bearded irises. And, of course, the desire - the dream - to develop a new variety.

Tall bearded irises are designated according to the TV classification; in conditions Leningrad region and depending on weather conditions they bloom from the third ten days of June to the second ten days of July.

By this time you need to prepare for pollination:
1. Jars for storing pollen.
2. A brush, preferably a core brush, which can be bought in stores for artists.
3. Tweezers.
4. Small scissors.
5. Notebook for notes.
6. Foil for marking (recording) the pollinated flower.

Structure of the bearded iris flower

In Fig. 2 a, b we will see the same flower, but in a schematic form, to understand where these stamens and pistils are hidden.

In Fig. Figure 1 shows a bearded iris flower. The upper petals are called standards, the lower petals are called fouls. A beard, which is why irises are called bearded, sometimes different color: white, blue, red, yellow, orange and other shades.

In Fig. 2 and schematically, otherwise it is difficult to understand, those same “stamens” (anthers) and “pistils” are shown.

In a blossoming flower, the anthers first ripen, and after 16–20 hours the stigmas ripen. In Fig. 2 b shows the stigma ready to receive pollen. The stigma bent and opened.

In order to prevent insects from pollinating, and when the flower opens, they curl up and try to get nectar, the lower petals (fouls) and anthers are removed.

The anthers can be placed in a jar or test tube, covered with a cotton swab to prevent the pollen from suffocating, and used to pollinate other flowers. Pollen can be stored at room temperature up to eight days.
In damp and humid weather it is not worth pollinating. It is best to carry out pollination in the morning or evening hours.

How to carry out pollination

We marked two flowers. One of them will be the mother plant (the one we will pollinate), the second will be the father plant (the one from which we will take pollen).

We take pollen from the father's plant, carefully cutting off the anther with scissors and placing it in a jar, if we do not pollinate immediately. And if the mother flower is ready, then we pollinate it immediately. The mother flower is ready for pollination at the end of the first day of dissolution, when the stigma opens (see Fig. 2 b).

The pollination technique is simple. Using a brush, we remove pollen from the anthers (see Fig. 1) and apply it to the stigma of the mother plant. After this - don’t rely on memory - be sure to hang a label indicating which flower you crossed with which. The mother plant is recorded first (indicated by a sign), the second is the paternal plant (indicated by a sign).

There you can also indicate the date of pollination. And you put the label on the flower that you pollinated.
But the famous breeder S.N. Loktev believes that pollination must be carried out on the first day of flower dissolution, otherwise the number of bolls will drop sharply.

Ripening seed pods

The ripening of the bolls must be monitored and removed in time. In bearded irises, the capsules turn light green. You must not let them crack, otherwise the seeds may scatter on the ground.

When to sow seedlings?

The opinions of iris growers on this matter are different. Some people think that it should be done right away, then the germination rate will increase. Others believe that it is better in late autumn so that the seeds do not germinate, otherwise frost will destroy the seedlings. Some iris growers grow seedlings at home, like seedlings.

We sow seeds in a bed with good, loose, water- and breathable soil, a sufficient distance of 10–10 centimeters. Planting depth is no more than three seed diameters. For the winter we cover it with spruce branches. The bed should be raised and not flooded for a long time with spring waters.

Another way is through seedlings. At the beginning of February, we sow the seeds in containers and keep them at room temperature for a week. Then we cover the container with polyethylene or the same lid and place it under the freezer, where the temperature is from +2 to +5 degrees Celsius, for two months. The earth should not dry out. After stratification, as the process described above is called, we place the containers in a bright and warm place. In spring we plant them in garden beds. I prefer the second method, but this is feasible with small numbers of seedlings.

At good care seedlings bloom in the second or third year. But I repeat that sown seeds often germinate in the third year. Don't forget about the labeling. We sowed a number of seedlings from one box and placed a peg with markings.

For marking, I use foil from aluminum containers, which are found in many old TVs. When the seedlings bloom, you need to choose the best, most beautiful.

Registration of seedlings

Seedlings are registered through Russian Society Iris (ROI) at AIS (American Iris Society). The registration application costs only 50 rubles for Russian ROI members. But this is not such a simple matter, since the application must provide a description in accordance with accepted terms.

To do this, you need to get acquainted with the literature on irises. A lot of information is provided by the annual newsletters “Irises of Russia”, which are sent to members of the ROI society free of charge.

I always read them from cover to cover with great interest. In addition, the bulletins contain photographs of the latest varieties bred in Russia and around the world, as well as seedlings that have not yet been registered. Often you can’t take your eyes off them.

Strive, learn, discover - and you will plunge into the fabulous world of irises. And let's remember: it is not the gods who burn the pots.

Materials used in the article:
G. I. Rodionenko, “Irises”, 1994
G. I. Rodionenko, “Irises”, 2002
ROI Bulletins for 2005 – 2007.

Elena Litvyakova

Iris refers to iris family, or iris. This family includes such beautiful perennials ornamental plants, like gladiolus, tigridia, montbretia, crocus and others.

Iris flowers very peculiar: they have no sepals or petals. The beauty and charm of the iris flower is made up of 6 petal-shaped tepals. They are called perianth lobes. They are located in 2 tiers: the outer lobes are lowered downwards (they are often called the lower petals, in the future we will call them that), the inner lobes are in upper tier, forming a kind of dome (they are called upper or standing petals). The beards located on the lower petals of bearded irises are often mistaken for stamens. The real stamens with anthers are located inside the flowers under the double protection of the upper petals and a peculiarly arranged pistil, divided into three petal-shaped lobes that look like grooves. The end of each lobe bends upward, forming a serrated supra-stigmatic ridge, under which are the stigma and stamens.

Pollinated irises with the help of insects (bees, bumblebees), which are attracted by the nectar released in the flower, and the outer lobes of the perianth serve as a kind of landing site. The role of the internal lobes of the perianth in the life of the flower has decreased, this explains the fact that individual species in irises they have sharply decreased (for example, in marsh, Japanese and other beardless irises). At the same time, the changed design of the pistil gives many beardless irises an unusual, exotic look, for example, irises spuria, wild Georgian irises, paradoxical, etc.

The common feature that unites these irises, - absence of a beard on the outer petals. Flowers by appearance They differ significantly from the flowers of bearded irises in that their inner petals are sometimes reduced to the size of bristles, so this is even included in the name bristle-bearing iris (setosa), whose flowers seem to be sin-petalled. Thanks to these proportions of the outer and inner petals, developed decorative lobes of the style with supra-styllicular ridges stand out, giving the flowers of these irises their originality.

By crossing in nature, irises form new variants both in flower proportions and color. This variability is widely used by breeders who create new varieties using artificial pollination.

The perennial hybrid iris has vegetative and generative shoots. Vegetative ones consist of rhizomes with annual links.

The rhizomes are located horizontally relative to the soil level at a shallow depth, and sometimes extend to the surface. The newly formed links end in a bunch of sessile leaves, which, in the conditions of the Urals, die off annually in late autumn and winter periods.

Generative shoots (peduncles) are branched. Their height depends on the characteristics of the variety. They bear 1 - 10 flowers, and sometimes more. The peduncle lives for one season and dies after flowering and fruiting.

The intensity of growth of annual links and the angle of their deviation from the previous rhizome determine the duration of cultivation of varieties in one place, both for landscaping purposes and for obtaining planting material. The rhizome lives for several years, annually forming new links from the buds with bunches of leaves.

If the central bud of the rhizome is damaged or a peduncle develops from it, then the lateral dormant ones awaken more actively and up to 8 lateral shoots can form. At good conditions cultivation, almost every awakened bud produces a strong annual rhizome.

Most irises are light-loving plants. Many species or varieties in dark places vegetate, but rarely bloom. Different types do not have the same attitude towards the soil, the degree of its moisture, the nature of the reaction and the content in it nutrients.

Many bearded irises require slightly alkaline or neutral soils, but they also grow well on slightly acidic soils. Their powerful, fibrous root system has a beneficial effect on soil structure. Therefore, for the purpose of cultivation, it is cultivated in one place for 3 - 4 years.

Iris responds well to fertilization. Early spring covering of the soil around the bushes with rotted manure, as well as watering them in the first half of summer with a highly diluted mullein solution, are effective on growth and flowering.

In the absence of manure, plants are fed 2-3 times during the summer. mineral fertilizers(50 g of superphosphate, 20 - 30 - ammonium sulfate and 20 - 30 g of potassium chloride per 1 m2). In early spring, mainly ammonium sulfate and potassium chloride are applied, and in June - August all three types of fertilizers are applied.

During the period of intensive growth and flowering, all garden irises need abundant soil moisture. On light loamy soils, sandy loam soils, which poorly retain moisture, hybrid iris responds positively to watering in sunny weather, which is best done in the evening. During the ripening of fruits and the end of the growing season, the need for soil moisture drops sharply. In the second half of summer, even short-term excessive soil moisture is detrimental, especially for young, immature rhizomes.

Late autumn And in early spring(before the beginning of the growing season), many irises suffer greatly and sometimes die from excess moisture in the soil. Rather, the roots and especially the part that is located near the rhizome are damaged, while the branched ends of the affected roots continue to live for some time.

The bases of the leaves located in the soil and the terminal (apical) buds bearing the peduncle embryo are also easily damaged. Their death is apparently caused by the fact that in the area of ​​the growing zone of the rhizome the activity of vital processes is greatest and even a short-term lack of oxygen when the soil freezes or floods with melt water has a particularly detrimental effect on these areas of the rhizome.

Most garden irises, except the so-called “beardless” ones, do not tolerate closeness well groundwater, but they tolerate prolonged drying out of the soil after flowering without pain.

They use formulas and diagrams that give a visual representation of its structure.

Flower formula- This symbol structure of a flower using letters, numbers and signs.

When drawing up the formula, use the following notation:

Ca- calyx ( Calyx);

Co- corolla ( Corolla);

R- simple perianth ( Perigonium);

A- androecium, a collection of stamens ( Androeceum);

G- gynoecium, a collection of pistils ( Gynoeceum);

* - actinomorphic flower;

Zygomorphic flower;

? - bisexual flower(usually it is omitted in the formula);

? - female (pistillate) flower;

? - male (staminate) flower;

() - brackets mean the fusion of flower parts;

Plus indicates the arrangement of flower parts in two or more circles (for example, R 3+3 - simple perianth, of 6 leaflets arranged in two circles) or the fact that the parts separated by this sign differ from each other ( A 1+(9) - androecium consists of one free and nine fused stamens);

Ca 5- the number next to the symbol indicates the number of members of this part of the flower ( Sa 5 - calyx of 5 free sepals);

∞ - if the number of members of a given part of the flower is more than 12, then their number is indicated by an infinity sign (for example, A ∞- the number of stamens is more than 12).

The formulas also note ovary type by location on the receptacle (upper, lower, middle):

G 1- a line above the number means that the ovary is inferior;

G 1- line under the number - superior ovary;

G 1--- a line from the number - the ovary is semi-inferior.

Examples of flower formulas are given below.

* ? Sa 4 Co 4 A 2+4 G(2) - formula of the cabbage flower: actinomorphic, bisexual; double perianth, in which the calyx consists of 4 free sepals, the corolla - of 4 free petals; androecium has 4 long and 2 short stamens (quadruple androecium); The gynoecium is simple, coenocarpous, formed by 2 carpels (1 pistil - from 2 carpels), the ovary is superior.

? Sa (5) Co (2+3) A 2+2 G(2) - formula of the white claret flower: zygomorphic, bisexual; double perianth, in which the calyx consists of 5 fused sepals, and the corolla - of 5 fused petals (2 petals form the upper lip, and the other 3 petals form the lower lip); the androecium is formed by 4 free stamens, of which 2 are long and 2 are short (double androecium); The gynoecium is simple, coenocarpous, formed by 2 carpels (1 pistil - from 2 carpels), the ovary is superior.

* ? R 3+3 A 3+3 G(3) - lily flower formula: actinomorphic, bisexual; a simple perianth consists of 6 leaflets, which are arranged 3 in 2 circles (simple corolla-shaped perianth); androecium consists of 6 free stamens, arranged 3 in 2 circles; The gynoecium is simple, coenocarpous, formed by 3 carpels (1 pistil - from 3 carpels), the ovary is superior.

? Sa (5) Co 1+2+(2) A (9)+1 G 1 - pea flower formula: zygomorphic, bisexual; double perianth, in which the calyx consists of 5 fused sepals, the petals have different shapes and sizes: one large petal - a sail, two free lateral ones - oars (wings) and two fused ones - a boat (moth-type corolla); the androecium consists of 10 stamens, of which 9 are fused into a tube and 1 is free - bifraternal androecium; The gynoecium is simple, monocarpous (1 pistil is formed by 1 carpel), the ovary is superior.

Flower diagram more clear than the formula. It represents a conventional schematic projection of the parts of a flower onto a plane and reflects their number, relative sizes and mutual arrangement, as well as the presence of accretion (Fig. 16, 17).

The diagram indicates the location of the covering (bract) leaf, bracts and the axis of the inflorescence or shoot, carrying a flower. The bract, bracts and sepals are represented by brackets with a keel (curly brackets) various sizes, petals - in round brackets, stamens - in the form of a section through the anther or in the form of a shaded ellipse, gynoecium - also in the form of a section through the ovary with a drawing of the placentation site and ovules through which the section passed.

The diagram is designed so that the covering leaf is at the bottom, the axis of the inflorescence is at the top, and between them the parts of the flower are located in circles with conventional signs. When parts of a flower grow together in the diagram conventional signs connected to each other by a line.

Rice. 16. Constructing a flower diagram:

1 - inflorescence axis;

2 - bract;

3 - sepal;

4 - petal;

5 - stamen;

6 - gynoecium;

7 - covering sheet.

Rice. 17. Flower diagrams:

A- magnolia (acyclic flower); B- Red currants; IN- black mustard; G- white jasmine; D- common bean; E - typical flower cereals; 1 , 5 - calyx; 2 - whisk; 3 , 8 - stamens; 4 , 9 - gynoecium; 6 - lower lip of 3 petals; 7 - upper lip of 2 petals; 10 - sail; 11 - oars; 12 - boat; 13 - difraternal androecium; 14 - lower flower scales; 15 - upper flower scales; 16 - lodicules