Main Pedagogical Institute. The meaning of “main pedagogical institute Main pedagogical institute

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In 1786, to train teachers for the main public schools in St. Petersburg, a teachers' seminary was established, renamed in 1803 into a teachers' gymnasium. It was located in the house of G.H. Paulsen (6th line of Vasilyevsky Island, no. 15). In 1804, the teachers' gymnasium received the name of the Pedagogical Institute, which since 1837 was located in the building of the Twelve Colleges. From October 1808 to 1811 its director was I. Boulet.

On December 23, 1816, the Pedagogical Institute received the name of the Main Pedagogical Institute and a charter that established a new, six-year course of teaching. D. A. Kavelin was appointed its director. In 1817, the Noble boarding school was opened (since 1830 - the 1st St. Petersburg gymnasium); At the boarding house there were advanced training courses for officials of civil departments of various ranks. IN pedagogical institute government students from theological seminaries were accepted; as A. N. Golitsyn noted in 1822, “of them<семинарий>those who have some ability for learning and better morality are retained primarily for admission to the clergy, and for education in the secular ranks, seminarians of the lower classes are always delivered and those who no longer show special abilities and are not so much reliable.”

In February 1819, the Main Pedagogical Institute, without having completed a single graduation, was transformed into St. Petersburg University. At the same time, until January 4 (16) of the year, the university continued to function according to the Charter of the Main Pedagogical Institute, until the Charter of Moscow University was introduced there.

In 1817, on October 25, a department was organized: “Second-class Main Pedagogical Institute,” in which 30 students studied, mainly from children of poor circumstances; pupils were accepted at the age of 12-14 years for government support; the course of study, which lasted 4 years, included 5 subjects: the law of God, the Russian language, mathematics and physics, history and geography, penmanship and drawing; graduates were to be sent as assistant teachers of public schools, and the best of them were sent to the “highest rank” of the Main Pedagogical Institute or other higher educational institution.

The “Second Class” department began to be called the “Teachers’ Institute” on September 19, 1819. It existed until 1823; it was led by F.I. Middendorf, the teachers were those who returned after a three-year trip abroad in order to familiarize themselves with the Lancastrian system, graduates of the Main Pedagogical Institute: K. F. Svenske (Russian language), F. I. Busse (mathematics), M. M. Timaev (history), A. G. Obodovsky (geography). The law of God was invited to teach G.I. Mansvetov, penmanship - K.F. Engelbach, drawing - F.K. Reder.

It was located in the house of the Metropolitan of the Roman Catholic Churches in Russia, Stanislav Bogush-Sestrentsevich: on Meshchanskaya (now Kazanskaya Street), 63 (“2nd from the corner from Gorokhovaya”).

Graduates were required to remain in service in the educational department, in his direction, for at least six years. However, not a single graduation occurred, since in 1823 all students and teachers ended up first in the “Boarding School for State Gymnasium Students”, and then in the St. Petersburg Provincial Gymnasium (since 1838 - the Third St. Petersburg Gymnasium). Among the first students were: Vasily Lapshin, Stepan and Mikhail Kutorga.

The Main Pedagogical Institute was restored in less than ten years - according to the charter established on September 30 (October 12), 1828. Its opening took place on August 30, 1829. The first director was F. I. Middendorf, who, upon his retirement on October 23, 1846, was promoted to the rank of Privy Councilor.

According to the charter, the Main Pedagogical Institute had three departments: historical and philological, legal (existed until 1847) and physical and mathematical. The duration of training at the Main Pedagogical Institute was six years.

On January 7, 1847, I. I. Davydov was appointed director of the institute. Under him, the legal department was abolished (since 1847) and the duration of training was reduced to four years from 1849.

About one hundred students were trained at the Main Pedagogical Institute at a time. Most of the future teachers received subsidies for their education from the state treasury.

In 1838-1847, the so-called “second category” began to operate at the institute, in which they prepared for pedagogical activity in lower parish and district schools.

In just 11 graduations, the Main Pedagogical Institute trained 682 teachers, of whom 43 became professors and teachers of higher education. educational institutions, 377 - secondary school teachers, 262 - primary school teachers

State higher pedagogical educational institution in St. Petersburg. Founded in 1816, in 1819 reorganized into St. Petersburg University. The Main Pedagogical Institute was reopened in 1829 and operated until 1859. It graduated teachers for... ... Big encyclopedic Dictionary

Higher pedagogical closed educational institution. Founded in 1816 on the basis of the Pedagogical Institute (1804-16). In 1819 it was transformed into St. Petersburg University, restored in 1828, closed in 1859, students were transferred to the university. Cooked... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

Main Pedagogical Institute, higher pedagogical closed educational institution. Founded in 1816 on the basis of the Pedagogical Institute (180416). In 1819 it was transformed into St. Petersburg University, restored in 1828, closed in 1859, students... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

In 1786, for the education of teachers in the main public schools, the Teachers' Seminary was established, renamed in 1803 the Teachers' Gymnasium. The students in both were government-paid students. The course of study, which included, in addition to subjects... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

State higher educational institution in St. Petersburg. Formed in 1816 on the basis of the reorganized St. Petersburg Pedagogical Institute (1804-16), it had university rights. He trained teachers for gymnasiums, mentors for private educational... ... Pedagogical terminological dictionary

A higher pedagogical closed educational institution, established according to the charter on December 23, 1816 on the basis of the reorganized St. Petersburg Pedagogical Institute (1804-16). The task of G. p. and. there was training for teachers for gymnasiums, mentors for... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Higher ped. uch. establishment in Russia. Formed in 1816 on the basis of the reorganized St. Petersburg. ped. inta (1804 1816), received the rights of unta. The task of the G.P. was to prepare teachers for gymnasiums and mentors for private schools. establishments and boarding houses, as well as... Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia

State higher ped. institution closed type, established on December 23. 1816 based on reorganization. Petersburg ped. inta (1804 16). Carried out training of teachers for students, mentors for private schools. institutions and boarding houses, professors and university teachers... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary

Moscow Pedagogical State University(MPGU) Main building of MPGU (Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1), formerly the Auditorium ... Wikipedia

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Russian thought and speech (set of 2 books), M. I. Mikhelson. Educator and public figure Mikhelson Moritz Ilyich, having graduated from the Main Pedagogical Institute, worked as an inspector of schools in the St. Petersburg educational district. In the 80s was active... Buy for 1700 rubles
Walking and apt words, M. I. Mikhelson. The teacher and public figure Mikhelson Moritz Ilyich (1825 - ?), having graduated from the Main Pedagogical Institute, worked as an inspector of schools in the St. Petersburg educational district. In the 80s was…

state higher educational institution in St. Petersburg. Founded in 1816 on the basis of the reorganized St. Petersburg Pedagogical Institute (1804-16), it had university rights. He trained teachers for gymnasiums, mentors for private educational institutions, professors and lecturers for universities. Duration of training is 6 years. In 1817, a 2nd category (training period of 4 years) was established for the training of teachers in parish and district schools; in 1822 it was reorganized into the Teachers' Institute at St. Petersburg University. With G.p.i. a noble boarding school was opened (in 1817; from 1830, the 1st Petersburg Gymnasium). In 1819 it was transformed into St. Petersburg University. G.p.i. re-established in 1828 (operated until 1859) as a closed educational institution for training teachers in higher and secondary educational institutions of the MNP.

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MAIN PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE

higher ped. uch. establishment in Russia. Formed in 1816 on the basis of the reorganized St. Petersburg. ped. institute (1804-1816), received university rights. The task of the G.P. was to prepare teachers for gymnasiums and mentors for private schools. institutions and boarding houses, as well as professors and teachers for higher education. uch. establishments. Duration of study: 6 years: 2 years preliminary (general) course; 3 years higher education course sciences in one of three departments (philosophy and legal sciences, physical and mathematical sciences, historical and verbal sciences); Last year dedicated exclusively to pedagogy. At public courses at the institute, civil servants “improved in science.” departments In 1817, the 2nd category of State Pedagogical Education was established for the training of teachers in parish and district schools. (duration of study 4 years; in 1822 reorganized into the Teachers' Institute at St. Petersburg University). Under the G.P., a noble boarding school was opened (in 1817; from 1830, the 1st Petersburg Gymnasium). 8 Feb. 1819 G. p. and was transformed into St. Petersburg. university, to which all of its students transferred.

After a 10-year break, during which there were no special equipment in Russia. higher ped. uch. institutions and teacher training took place in high fur boots; in 1828 the State Pedagogical University was re-established and, as a closed school. an establishment with strict internal regime for training higher teachers. and Wed uch. MNE establishments (opened in 1829). Graduates of the institute received the title of “gymnasium teacher” and were required to serve in the MNP department for at least 8 years. Under G. p., he worked (in 1832-47) to prepare a two-year course. In 1838, the 2nd category was restored in the form of a special department. In 1847 it was closed, and in 1848 a department was established for the training of home tutors, which was liquidated due to unpopularity in 1851. In 1847 legal. ft was abolished. In 1852, the senior course in physics and mathematics. Faculty was divided into 2 departments: mathematics. sciences and natural sciences sciences; in 1854 history-philol. ft - in philol. and ist. departments. The course of study at each faculty is 4 years.

The composition of the students (100 people) was made up of commoners, mostly students of theological seminaries. Students were admitted to state support and provided with a hostel. From 1844-45 the admission of persons from the tax-paying classes was stopped.

Among the professors who had a great influence on the students were philologists I. I. Sreznevsky and H. M. Blagoveshchensky, mathematician M. V. Ostrogradsky, chemist A. A. Voskresensky, botanist I. O. Shikhovskoy and others. Among those who completed the course were G. p. . And. N. A. Dobrolyubov, D. I. Mendeleev and a number of subsequently outstanding professors and teachers: N. S. Budaev (mathematics), N. A. Vyshnegradsky, K. D. Kraevich and others. Total in 1829-58 . p. and, trained 682 teachers, of whom 43 became professors and university teachers, 377 became teachers of Wed. schools, 262 - teachers beginning. schools According to the resolution of November 15. 1858 G. p. and, closed, actually ceased to exist in 1859. To train teachers in 1860, pedagogical education was established at the high fur boots. courses. Directors: D. A. Kavelin (1816-19), F. I. Middendorf (1828-46), I. I. Davydov (1846-58).

House 15

Coordinates: 59°56′49″ n. w. 30°16′30″ E. d. / 59.9469° N. w. 30.275° E. d. / 59.9469; 30.275 (G) (I) K: Educational institutions founded in 1816

A closed institution, a higher education institution of the 19th century, which trained teachers for secondary and higher educational institutions of the Russian Empire.

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In 1786, to train teachers for the main public schools in St. Petersburg, a teachers' seminary was established, renamed in 1803 into a teachers' gymnasium, and in 1804 it received the name of the Pedagogical Institute and was located in the building of the Twelve Colleges. From October 1808 to 1811 its director was I. Boulet.

On December 23, 1816, the Pedagogical Institute received the name of the Main Pedagogical Institute and a charter that established a new, six-year course of teaching. D. A. Kavelin was appointed its director. In 1817, the Noble boarding school was opened (since 1830 - the 1st St. Petersburg gymnasium); At the boarding house there were advanced training courses for officials of civil departments of various ranks. The pedagogical institute accepted government students from theological seminaries; as A. N. Golitsyn noted in 1822, “of them<семинарий>those who have some ability for learning and better morality are retained primarily for admission to the clergy, and for education in the secular ranks, seminarians of the lower classes are always delivered and those who no longer show special abilities and are not so much reliable.”

In February 1819, the Main Pedagogical Institute was transformed into St. Petersburg University. At the same time, until January 4 (16) of the year, the university continued to function according to the Charter of the Main Pedagogical Institute, until the Charter of Moscow University was introduced there.

Teachers' Institute

The “Second Class” department began to be called the “Teachers’ Institute” on September 19, 1819. It existed until 1823; it was led by F. I. Middendorf, the teachers were those who returned after a three-year trip abroad to familiarize themselves with the Lancastrian system, graduates of the Main Pedagogical Institute: K. F. Svenske (Russian language), F. I. Busse (mathematics), M. M. Timaev (history), A. G. Obodovsky (geography). The law of God was invited to teach G.I. Mansvetov, penmanship - K.F. Engelbach, drawing - F.K. Reder.

It was located in the house of the Metropolitan of the Roman Catholic Churches in Russia, Stanislav Sestrentsevich-Bogush: on Meshchanskaya (now Kazanskaya Street), 63 (“2nd from the corner from Gorokhovaya”).

Main Pedagogical Institute

The Main Pedagogical Institute less than ten years later, on September 30 (October 12), 1828, was restored and again accepted students.

The Main Pedagogical Institute had three departments: historical and philological, legal (existed until 1847) and physical and mathematical. The duration of study at the Main Pedagogical Institute was six years; from 1849 - four years.

About one hundred students were trained at the Main Pedagogical Institute at a time. Most of the future teachers received subsidies for their education from the state treasury.

In 1838-1847, the so-called “second category” began to operate at the institute, in which they prepared for teaching work in district schools.

The institute was headed by two directors: F. I. Middendorf (until 1846) and I. I. Davydov (1846-1858).

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Notes

Literature

A brief historical overview of the actions of the Main Pedagogical Institute. 1828-1859 - St. Petersburg, 1859.
// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
Saint Petersburg. Petrograd. Leningrad: Encyclopedic reference book / Ed. board: L. N. Belova and others - M., 1992.
Margolis Yu. D., Tishkin G. A. By a single inspiration: Essays on the history of university education in St. Petersburg in late XVIII- first half of the 19th century. - St. Petersburg, 2000.
Tsirulnikov A. M. History of education in portraits and documents. - M., 2001.

An excerpt characterizing the Main Pedagogical Institute

- What do these allies of yours mean to me? - said Napoleon. – My allies are the Poles: there are eighty thousand of them, they fight like lions. And there will be two hundred thousand of them.
And, probably even more indignant that, having said this, he told an obvious lie and that Balashev stood silently in front of him in the same pose submissive to his fate, he turned sharply back, walked up to Balashev’s very face and, making energetic and quick gestures with his white hands, he almost shouted:
“Know that if you shake Prussia against me, know that I will erase it from the map of Europe,” he said with a pale face distorted with anger, striking the other with an energetic gesture of one small hand. - Yes, I will throw you beyond the Dvina, beyond the Dnieper and will restore against you that barrier that Europe was criminal and blind in allowing to be destroyed. Yes, that’s what will happen to you, that’s what you won by moving away from me,” he said and silently walked around the room several times, trembling his thick shoulders. He put a snuff box in his vest pocket, took it out again, put it to his nose several times and stopped in front of Balashev. He paused, looked mockingly straight into Balashev’s eyes and said in a quiet voice: “Et cependant quel beau regne aurait pu avoir votre maitre!”
Balashev, feeling the need to object, said that from the Russian side things were not presented in such a gloomy way. Napoleon was silent, continuing to look at him mockingly and, obviously, not listening to him. Balashev said that in Russia they expect all the best from the war. Napoleon condescendingly nodded his head, as if saying: “I know, it’s your duty to say so, but you yourself don’t believe in it, you’re convinced by me.”
At the end of Balashev’s speech, Napoleon took out his snuffbox again, sniffed from it and, as a signal, tapped his foot twice on the floor. The door opened; a respectfully bending chamberlain handed the emperor his hat and gloves, another handed him a handkerchief. Napoleon, not looking at them, turned to Balashev.
“Assure Emperor Alexander on my behalf,” said the father, taking his hat, “that I am as devoted to him as before: I admire him completely and highly value his high qualities.” Je ne vous retiens plus, general, vous recevrez ma lettre a l "Empereur. [I don’t hold you back any longer, general, you will receive my letter to the sovereign.] - And Napoleon went quickly to the door. From the reception room everyone rushed forward and down the stairs.

After everything that Napoleon said to him, after these outbursts of anger and after the last dryly spoken words:
“Je ne vous retiens plus, general, vous recevrez ma lettre,” Balashev was sure that Napoleon not only would not want to see him, but would try not to see him - the offended ambassador and, most importantly, a witness to his obscene fervor. But, to his surprise, Balashev, through Duroc, received an invitation to the emperor’s table that day.
Bessieres, Caulaincourt and Berthier were at dinner. Napoleon met Balashev with a cheerful and affectionate look. Not only did he not show any expression of shyness or self-reproach for the morning outburst, but, on the contrary, he tried to encourage Balashev. It was clear that for a long time now the possibility of mistakes did not exist for Napoleon in his belief and that in his concept everything that he did was good, not because it coincided with the idea of what is good and bad, but because he did This.
The Emperor was very cheerful after his horseback ride through Vilna, in which crowds of people enthusiastically greeted and saw him off. In all the windows of the streets along which he passed, his carpets, banners, and monograms were displayed, and the Polish ladies, welcoming him, waved their scarves at him.
At dinner, having seated Balashev next to him, he treated him not only kindly, but treated him as if he considered Balashev among his courtiers, among those people who sympathized with his plans and should have rejoiced at his successes. Among other things, he started talking about Moscow and began asking Balashev about the Russian capital, not only as an inquisitive traveler asks about a new place that he intends to visit, but as if with the conviction that Balashev, as a Russian, should be flattered by this curiosity.
– How many inhabitants are there in Moscow, how many houses? Is it true that Moscow is called Moscou la sainte? [saint?] How many churches are there in Moscow? - he asked.
And in response to the fact that there are more than two hundred churches, he said:
– Why such an abyss of churches?
“Russians are very pious,” answered Balashev.
- However, a large number of monasteries and churches are always a sign of the backwardness of the people,” said Napoleon, looking back at Caulaincourt for an assessment of this judgment.
Balashev respectfully allowed himself to disagree with the opinion of the French emperor.
“Every country has its own customs,” he said.
“But nowhere in Europe is there anything like this,” said Napoleon.
“I apologize to your Majesty,” said Balashev, “besides Russia, there is also Spain, where there are also many churches and monasteries.”
This answer from Balashev, which hinted at the recent defeat of the French in Spain, was highly appreciated later, according to Balashev’s stories, at the court of Emperor Alexander and was appreciated very little now, at Napoleon’s dinner, and passed unnoticed.
It was clear from the indifferent and perplexed faces of the gentlemen marshals that they were perplexed as to what the joke was, which Balashev’s intonation hinted at. “If there was one, then we did not understand her or she is not at all witty,” said the expressions on the faces of the marshals. This answer was so little appreciated that Napoleon did not even notice it and naively asked Balashev about which cities there is a direct road to Moscow from here. Balashev, who was on the alert all the time during dinner, replied that comme tout chemin mene a Rome, tout chemin mene a Moscow, [just as every road, according to the proverb, leads to Rome, so all roads lead to Moscow,] that there are many roads, and that among these different paths is the road to Poltava, which was chosen by Charles XII, said Balashev, involuntarily flushing with pleasure at the success of this answer. Balashev didn’t have time to finish his sentence last words: “Poltawa”, as Caulaincourt already started talking about the inconveniences of the road from St. Petersburg to Moscow and about his St. Petersburg memories.
After lunch we went to drink coffee in Napoleon’s office, which four days ago had been the office of Emperor Alexander. Napoleon sat down, touching the coffee in a Sevres cup, and pointed to Balashev’s chair.
There is a certain after-dinner mood in a person that, stronger than any reasonable reason, makes a person be pleased with himself and consider everyone his friends. Napoleon was in this position. It seemed to him that he was surrounded by people who adored him. He was convinced that Balashev, after his dinner, was his friend and admirer. Napoleon turned to him with a pleasant and slightly mocking smile.
– This is the same room, as I was told, in which Emperor Alexander lived. Strange, isn't it, General? - he said, obviously without doubting that this address could not but be pleasant to his interlocutor, since it proved the superiority of him, Napoleon, over Alexander.
Balashev could not answer this and silently bowed his head.
“Yes, in this room, four days ago, Wintzingerode and Stein conferred,” Napoleon continued with the same mocking, confident smile. “What I cannot understand,” he said, “is that Emperor Alexander brought all my personal enemies closer to himself.” I do not understand this. Didn't he think that I could do the same? - he asked Balashev with a question, and, obviously, this memory pushed him again into that trace of morning anger that was still fresh in him.
“And let him know that I will do it,” said Napoleon, standing up and pushing his cup away with his hand. - I will expel all his relatives from Germany, Wirtemberg, Baden, Weimar... yes, I will expel them. Let him prepare refuge for them in Russia!
Balashev bowed his head, showing with his appearance that he would like to take his leave and is listening only because he cannot help but listen to what is being said to him. Napoleon did not notice this expression; he addressed Balashev not as an ambassador of his enemy, but as a man who was now completely devoted to him and should rejoice at the humiliation of his former master.