Hygienic, technical requirements and selection rules. Hygienic, technical requirements and selection rules Instructions for GOST 2761 84
Read also
GOST 2761-84
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SOURCES OF CENTRALIZED
HOUSEHOLD DRINKING
WATER SUPPLY
HYGIENIC, TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
AND SELECTION RULES
IPC PUBLISHING HOUSE OF STANDARDS
INTERSTATE STANDARD
Date of introduction 01/01/86
This standard applies to sources centralized water supply, including for sources with brackish and salt water, for newly designed and reconstructed drinking water supply systems and water supply systems that supply water simultaneously for drinking and production purposes, and establishes hygienic and technical requirements to water supply sources and rules for their selection in the interests of public health.
1. BASIC PROVISIONS
1.1. The choice of a water supply source should be made taking into account its sanitary reliability and the possibility of obtaining drinking water, corresponding GOST 2874*.
* In the territory Russian Federation valid GOST R 51232-98(hereinafter).
1.2. The suitability of a source for domestic and drinking water supply is established on the basis of:
sanitary assessment of the conditions of formation and occurrence of water from an underground water supply source;
sanitary assessment of the surface water supply source, as well as the adjacent territory upstream and downstream of the water intake;
assessing the quality and quantity of water from the water supply source;
sanitary assessment of the location of water intake structures;
forecasting the sanitary condition of sources.
1.3. The collection of data and the study of sanitary, hydrological, hydrogeological and topographic conditions for choosing a source of water supply, as well as developing a forecast of the sanitary condition of the reservoir, are organized by the design institution.
1.4. Determination of the location for water sampling, sampling and analysis are carried out by sanitary and epidemiological service institutions; Sampling and analysis may also be carried out by other organizations to which the sanitary-epidemiological service grants such a right.
1.5. A conclusion on the compliance of a source with the requirements of the standard is given by the bodies and institutions of the sanitary and epidemiological service of the Ministry of Health or the medical services of other departments that are entrusted with these responsibilities.
2. HYGIENIC AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. The composition of water from freshwater underground and surface water supply sources must comply following requirements: dry residue no more than 1000 mg/dm 3 (up to 1500 mg/dm 3 is allowed in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service), concentrations of chlorides and sulfates no more than 350 and 500 mg/dm 3 respectively, total hardness no more than 7 mol/ m 3 (up to 10 mol/m 3 is allowed in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service), concentration chemical substances(except for those indicated in the table) must not exceed the maximum permissible concentration for water for domestic, drinking and cultural water use, as well as standards radiation safety, approved by the Ministry of Health.
If chemical substances belonging to hazard classes 1 and 2 with the same limiting indicator of harmfulness are detected in the water of water supply sources, the sum of the ratios of the detected concentrations of each substance in the water to their MPC should not exceed 1. The calculation is carried out using the formula
Where WITH 1 , WITH 2 , WITH 3 , . . . , WITH n - detected concentrations, mg/dm3.
2.2. Depending on the quality of the water and the required degree of treatment to bring it to the required levels GOST 2874 water bodies, suitable as sources of domestic and drinking water supply, are divided into 3 classes.
Water quality indicators of water supply sources are shown in the table.
| Indicator name | Source water quality indicators by class |
||
| Underground springs | |||
| Turbidity, mg/dm3, no more | |||
| Color, degrees, no more | |||
| Hydrogen value (pH) | |||
| Iron, (Fe), mg/dm 3, no more | |||
| Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), mg/dm 3, no more | Absence | ||
| Fluorine (F), mg/dm3, no more | |||
| Number of coliform bacteria (coliforms), per 1 dm3, not more | |||
| Surface sources | |||
| Turbidity, mg/dm3, no more | |||
| Color, degrees, no more | |||
| Odor at 20 and 60 °C, points, no more | |||
| Hydrogen value (pH) | |||
| Iron (Fe), mg/dm 3, no more | |||
| Manganese (Mn), mg/dm 3, no more | |||
| Phytoplankton, mg/dm3, no more | |||
| cl/cm 3, no more | |||
| No more | |||
| BOD total, mgO 2 /dm 3, no more | |||
| Number of lactose-positive Escherichia coli in 1 dm3 of water (LCP), no more | |||
*Depending on the climatic region.
Note. The number of unicellular organisms is estimated in cells/cm 3 , filmy and filamentous - in mg/dm 3 .
2.3. For each specific water source, the water purification scheme and the required reagents are established on the basis of technological research or experience of operating structures under similar conditions in accordance with the application 1 .
2.4. If the quality of the source water does not meet the requirements of the specified classes (brackish, salt water, water with a high fluorine content, etc.), it can be used in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service authorities if there are processing methods, the reliability of which has been confirmed by special technological and hygienic studies .
2.5. The capacity of the water supply system should not exceed the permissible water withdrawal from the water supply source (or the total from several sources) in all periods of the year, taking into account technological irretrievable water losses.
2.6. Source of water supply and water intake structures water supply systems must be protected from contamination by organizing a sanitary protection zone (SZZ) in accordance with the procedure for the design and operation of SZZ water supply sources and water supply pipelines for household and drinking purposes, approved by the Ministry of Health.
3. SELECTION RULES AND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT
3.1. Sources of centralized household and drinking water supply, taking into account their sanitary reliability, are selected in the following order:
interstratal pressure waters;
interstratal free-flow waters;
groundwater, artificially filled, and under-channel groundwater;
surface water(rivers, reservoirs, lakes, canals).
Possibility of use suitable for drinking water supply groundwater is also considered in case of insufficient reserves; The water demand deficit should be replenished using water sources that are less sanitarily reliable.
3.2. Selecting a water supply source if there are several sources and equal opportunity ensuring the required quality and quantity of water should be carried out through a technical and economic comparison of options for water treatment schemes, taking into account the sanitary reliability of sources.
3.3. From the available water supply sources, only those are selected for which it is possible to organize a sanitary protection zone and observe the appropriate regime within its zones.
3.4. The choice of water supply source is made based on the following data:
for an underground source of water supply - analyzes of water quality, hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer used, sanitary characteristics of the area in the area of water intake, existing and potential sources of soil and aquifer contamination.
In this case, the balance reserves of groundwater approved in in the prescribed manner in accordance with the classification of operational reserves and forecast resources of groundwater, approved by the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
for a surface source of water supply - analyzes of water quality, hydrological data, minimum and average water flow rates, compliance with their intended water intake, sanitary characteristics of the basin, industrial development, the presence and possibility of sources of domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution in the area of the proposed water intake.
The survey program for choosing a water supply source is given in the appendix 2 .
3.5. To assess water quality at the site of the proposed water intake, analyzes of samples taken monthly for at least the last 3 years must be submitted. Sampling methods - according to GOST 4979 *, GOST 18963.
* GOST R 51592-2000 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation.
3.6. The study of water quality of underground water supply sources is carried out in accordance with the Appendix 3 , surface - in accordance with the application 4 .
3.7. The class of the water source is determined by the organization developing the water supply project.
3.8. The conclusion on the suitability of the water supply source must contain the following data:
about the water supply facility and the sanitary characteristics of the water supply source planned for use;
about the water quality of the water supply source and the forecast of its condition for settlement period;
on measures to organize a sanitary protection zone and the planned treatment of water from a water supply source in order to bring the water quality to the requirements GOST 2874.
3.9. The conclusion of the sanitary-epidemiological service on the possibility of using a water supply source is valid for 3 years.
CLASSES AND METHODS OF WATER TREATMENT
Underground water sources
1st class - water quality meets the requirements in all respects GOST 2874;
2nd class - water quality has deviations in certain indicators from the requirements GOST 2874 which can be eliminated by aeration, filtering, disinfection; or sources with inconsistent water quality, which manifests itself in seasonal fluctuations in dry residue within the standards GOST 2874, requiring preventive disinfection;
GOST 2874 processing methods provided for in class 2, with the use of additional ones - filtration with preliminary settling, use of reagents, etc.
Surface water sources
1st class - to obtain water that meets GOST 2874, disinfection, filtration with or without coagulation is required;
2nd class - to obtain water that meets GOST 2874, requires coagulation, settling, filtering, disinfection; in the presence of phytoplankton - microfiltration;
3rd class - bringing water quality to the requirements GOST 2874 processing methods provided for in class 2, with the use of additional ones - an additional stage of clarification, the use of oxidative and sorption methods, as well as more effective methods disinfection, etc.
WATER SUPPLY SOURCES STUDY PROGRAM
1. Underground springs
1.1. General geological structure of the area where the water supply source is located and general characteristics its hydrogeological conditions; type of selected aquifer (artesian - confined, ground - unconfined), depth (absolute elevation) of the roof of the aquifer, thickness, water-bearing rocks (sands, gravels, fractured, limestones, etc.); conditions and places of recharge and discharge of the aquifer; general information about the water abundance of the horizon (operational reserve); information on the current and future use of the aquifer for water supply and other purposes.
1.2. General information about the hydrogeological conditions of the area (field), the recharge conditions of the aquifers proposed for use for water supply, topographic, soil and sanitary characteristics water intake area, characteristics of the aquifer planned for exploitation (lithological composition, thickness, nature of overlap, dynamic level water at calculated water withdrawal).
1.3. Data on the degree of permeability of layers overlying layers, data on the possibility of influence of the recharge zone on water quality.
1.4. Sanitary characteristics of the area directly adjacent to the water intake; location and distance from the water intake to possible sources of its pollution: abandoned wells, absorption craters, sinkholes, wells, abandoned mine workings, storage tanks, etc.
2. Surface sources
2.1. Hydrological data: area of the water intake basin, regime surface runoff, maximum, minimum and average flow rates, speed and water level at the point of water intake, average periods of freeze-up and break-up, expected flow of water used and its compliance minimum consumption in the source, data on the characteristics of tidal currents.
2.2. General sanitary characteristics of the pool in that part of it that can affect the quality of water at the water intake:
character geological structure basin, soil, vegetation, presence of forests, cultivated lands, settlements;
industrial enterprises(their number, size, location, nature of production);
reasons that influence or may influence the deterioration of water quality in a reservoir, methods and places for removing solid and liquid waste in the area where the source is located; the presence of domestic and industrial wastewater polluting the reservoir, the amount of waste Wastewater, facilities for their cleaning and their location;
distance from the place of waste discharge to the water intake;
presence of other possible reasons source pollution (shipping, timber rafting, watering, winter ice dumps, swimming, water sports, reclamation work, use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture and so on.).
2.3. Characteristics of the self-cleaning ability of a reservoir.
2.4. For reservoirs, in addition, the following must be indicated: surface area and volume of the reservoir, useful and “dead” volume, feeding and use mode, water discharge in the reservoir, layout of the reservoir, its maximum and minimum depth, nature of the bottom, banks, bottom sediments, the presence of blooms, overgrowth, siltation, the direction of prevailing winds and currents, the speed of water movement in the reservoir.
3. General information
3.1. Data on the possibility of organizing a sanitary protection zone for a water supply source, approximate boundaries of the sanitary protection zone for its individual zones.
3.2. Data on the need to treat source water (disinfection, clarification, deferrization, etc.).
3.3. Sanitary characteristics of the proposed design of the water intake (water intake, well, well, catchment), the degree of protection of the source from the penetration of pollution from the outside, the compliance of the adopted locations, depth, type and design of the water intake with its purpose and the degree of ensuring the best possible quality of water under the given conditions.
3.4. Data on adjacent water intakes having the same supply area (their location, productivity, water quality).
APPENDIX 3
Mandatory
| PROTOCOL FOR STUDYING THE WATER QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER SUPPLY SOURCES Name of water supply source________________________________________________ Sampling location___________ name of aquifer_____________ Date (day, hour) of sample collection__________ time of sample delivery to the laboratory_____ Date of analysis: start__________________ end________________ Address and name of the laboratory__________________________________________________________ Odor at 20 °C qualitatively and in points GOST 3351 Odor at 60 °C qualitatively and in points GOST 3351 GOST 3351 Color in degrees GOST 3351 Turbidity, mg/dm3 GOST 3351 Hydrogen index (pH) Measured on a pH meter of any model with a glass electrode with a measurement error not exceeding 0.1 pH Beryllium (Be), mg/dm 3 GOST 18294 Boron (B), mg/dm 3 Iron (Fe), mg/dm 3 GOST 4011 Manganese (Mn), mg/dm 3 GOST 4974 Copper (Cu), mg/dm 3 GOST 4388 Molybdenum (Mo), mg/dm 3 GOST 18308 Arsenic (As), mg/dm 3 GOST 4152 Nitrates (NO 3 -), mg/dm 3 GOST 18826 Total hardness, mol/dm 3 GOST 4151 Permanganate oxidability, mgO/dm 3 Lead (Pb), mg/dm 3 GOST 18293 Selenium (Se), mg/dm 3 GOST 19413 Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), mg/dm 3 Strontium (Sr), mg/dm 3 GOST 23950 Sulfates (SO 4 -), mg/dm 3 GOST 4389 Dry residue, mg/dm 3 GOST 18164 Fluorine (F), mg/dm 3 GOST 4386 Chlorides (Cl), mg/dm 3 GOST 4245 Zinc (Zn), mg/dm 3 GOST 18293 Industrial, agricultural and household pollution 1 3. Microbiological indicators of water: GOST 18963 The number of coliform bacteria (coliforms) in 1 dm3 The analysis was carried out: Conclusion (main)______________________________________________________________ Date_______________ month________________ year__________________ Ch. SES doctor or head Department of Municipal Hygiene_________________________________ 4. Additional research for sources belonging to classes 2 and 3 by the number of coliforms Pathogens intestinal infections(salmonella, Shigella, enteroviruses) in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 2 2 MU 2285-81 " Guidelines on sanitary and microbiological analysis of water from surface reservoirs”, approved by the Ministry health care of the USSR. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1). Number of E. coli in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 Ammonium salt (NН 3), mg/dm 3 GOST 4192 Nitrates (NO 2 -), mg/dm 3 GOST 4192 The analysis was carried out by:__________________________________________________________ Conclusion on additional studies_________________________________ General conclusion_______________________________________________________________ Date______________________ month___________________________ year____________________ Ch. SES doctor or head department of municipal hygiene |
APPENDIX 4
Mandatory
| PROTOCOL FOR STUDYING WATER QUALITY OF SURFACE WATER SUPPLY SOURCES Name of water supply source_______________________________________________ Place of sampling ______________________________________________________________ Who took the sample (name, position, organization)___________________________ Date (day, hour) of sample collection_______________ time of sample delivery to the laboratory __________________________________________________________________________ Date of analysis: start__________________ end _______________ Address and name of the laboratory _________________________________________________ 1. Organoleptic indicators of water quality: Temperature at the time of sampling, °C Smell at 20 °C qualitatively and in points GOST 3351 Halls at 60 °C qualitatively and in points GOST 3351 Taste at 20 °C qualitatively and in points GOST 3351 Color in degrees GOST 3351 Turbidity, mg/dm3 GOST 3351 2. Indicators chemical composition water: Hydrogen index (pH) Measured on a pH meter of any model with a glass electrode with a measurement error not exceeding 0.1 pH Suspended substances, mg/dm 3 Iron (Fe), mg/dm 3 GOST 4011 Manganese (Mn), mg/dm 3 GOST 4974 Total hardness, mol/dm 3 GOST 4151 Sulfates (SO 4 -), mg/dm 3 GOST 4389 Dry residue, mg/dm 3 GOST 18164 Free carbon dioxide (CO 2), mg/dm 3 Fluorine (F), mg/dm 3 GOST 4386 Chlorides (Cl), mg/dm 3 GOST 4245 Alkalinity, mol/dm 3 Industrial, agricultural and household pollution 1 1 The list of indicators of industrial, agricultural and household pollution is established in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service, depending on local sanitary conditions; This refers to both chemical and radioactive contamination. 3. Sanitary indicators of water quality: Surfactants (surfactants) anionic (total), mg/dm 3 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD total), mgO 2 / dm 3 Permanganate oxidability, mgO/dm 3 Ammonium salt (NH 3), mg/dm 3 GOST 4192 Nitrites (NO 2 -), mg/dm 3 GOST 4192 Nitrates (NO 3 -), mg/dm 3 GOST 18826 4. Biological indicators of water: Number of saprophytic bacteria in 1 cm3 GOST 18963 Number of lactose-positive intestinal sticks 1 dm 3 MU 2285 1 Causative agents of intestinal infections (salmonella, shigella, enteroviruses) in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 Number of coliphages in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 Number of enterococci in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 Phytoplankton, mg/dm3 Phytoplankton, cells/cm 3 1 Guidelines for sanitary and microbiological analysis of water from surface reservoirs. MU 2285-81. - M., 1981. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1). Conclusion:_______________________________________________________________ Day month Year________________ Ch. SES doctor or head Department of Municipal Hygiene _________________________________ |
INFORMATION DATA
1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the USSR Ministry of Health
DEVELOPERS
K.I. Akulov, Ph.D. honey. sciences; V.T. Mazaev, dr med. sciences; A.A. Korolev, Dr. med. sciences; T.G. Shlepnina, Ph.D. honey. sciences; B.M. Kudryavtseva; Yu.A. Rakhmanin, Dr. med. sciences; G.N. Krasovsky, Dr. med. sciences; T.Z. Artemova, Ph.D. biol. sciences; R.D. Dmitrieva, Ph.D. honey. sciences; Z.I. Zholdakova, Ph.D. honey. sciences; R.I. Mikhailova, Ph.D. honey. sciences; SOUTH. Talaeva, Dr. med. sciences; Yu.V. Novikov, corresponding member. USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Dr. med. sciences; N.V. Klimkina, Ph.D. honey. sciences; S.I. Plitman, Ph.D. honey. sciences; K.O. Lastochkina, Ph.D. biol. sciences; G.V. Tsyplakova, Ph.D. honey. sciences; R.S. Ekhina, Ph.D. biol. sciences; L.N. Paskutskaya, Ph.D. tech. sciences; I.I. Demin, Ph.D. tech. sciences; V.P. Krishtul, V.A. Ryabchenko, Ph.D. chem. sciences; A.V. Dyachkov; V.D. Vilensky; D.M. Blagova; I.N. Selivanova; MM. Telitchenko; L.A. Granovskaya; E.N. Svetlova
2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by the Resolution State Committee USSR according to standards dated November 27, 1984 No. 4013
3. INSTEAD GOST 17.1.3.03-77
4. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
| Item number, application | Item number, application |
||
| Applications Application |
5. The validity period was lifted according to Protocol No. 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94)
6. EDITION (October 2001) with Change No. 1, approved in June 1988 (IUS 11-88)
| 1. FUNDAMENTALS 1 2. HYGIENIC AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 2 3. SELECTION RULES AND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT 3 APPENDIX 1 4 CLASSES AND METHODS OF WATER TREATMENT 4 APPENDIX 2 4 WATER SUPPLY SOURCES STUDY PROGRAM 4 APPENDIX 3 6 PROTOCOL FOR STUDYING THE WATER QUALITY OF GROUND WATER SOURCES 6 APPENDIX 4 7 PROTOCOL FOR STUDYING WATER QUALITY OF SURFACE WATER SUPPLY SOURCES 7 |
The standard applies to sources of centralized water supply, including sources with brackish and salt water, for newly designed and reconstructed domestic drinking water supply systems and water supply systems that supply water simultaneously for domestic drinking and industrial purposes, and establishes hygienic and technical requirements for water supply sources and rules for their selection in the interests of public health.
| Designation: | GOST 2761-84* |
| Russian name: | Sources of centralized household and drinking water supply. Hygienic, technical requirements and selection rules |
| Status: | active |
| Replaces: | GOST 17.1.3.03-77 “Nature conservation. Hydrosphere. Rules for selecting and assessing the quality of sources of centralized household and drinking water supply" |
| Date of text update: | 01.10.2008 |
| Date added to the database: | 01.02.2009 |
| Effective date: | 01.01.1986 |
| Designed by: | USSR Ministry of Health |
| Approved: | State Standard of the USSR (11/27/1984) |
| Published: | Publishing house of standards No. 1984 IPC Standards Publishing House No. 2001 IPC Standards Publishing House No. 2003 |
GOST 2761-84
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SOURCES OF CENTRALIZED
HOUSEHOLD DRINKING
WATER SUPPLY
HYGIENIC, TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
AND SELECTION RULES
IPC PUBLISHING HOUSE OF STANDARDS
M Moscow
INTERSTATE STANDARD
Date of introduction 01.01.86
This standard applies to sources of centralized water supply, including sources with brackish and salt water, for newly designed and reconstructed domestic drinking water supply systems and water supply systems that supply water simultaneously for domestic drinking and industrial purposes, and establishes hygienic and technical requirements for water supply sources and their rules choice in the interests of public health.
1. BASIC PROVISIONS
GOST 2874*.
* GOST 51232-98 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation (hereinafter).
1.2. The suitability of the source for domestic and drinking water supply is established on the basis of:
sanitary assessment of the conditions of formation and occurrence of water from an underground water supply source;
sanitary assessment of the surface water supply source, as well as the adjacent territory upstream and downstream of the water intake;
assessing the quality and quantity of water from the water supply source;
sanitary assessment of the location of water intake structures;
forecast of the sanitary condition of sources.
1.3. The collection and study of sanitary, hydrological, hydrogeological and topographic conditions for choosing a source of water supply, as well as developing a forecast of the sanitary condition of the reservoir, are organized by the design institution.
1.4. Determination of the location for water sampling, sampling and analysis are carried out by sanitary and epidemiological service institutions; sampling and analysis may also be carried out by other organizations to which the sanitary and epidemiological service grants such a right.
1.5. The conclusion on the compliance of the source with the requirements of the standard is given by the bodies and institutions of the sanitary and epidemiological service of the Ministry of Health or the medical services of other departments that are entrusted with these responsibilities.
2. HYGIENIC AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. The composition of water from freshwater underground and surface water supply sources must meet the following requirements: dry residue no more than 1000 mg/dm 3 (by agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service authorities, up to 1500 mg/dm 3 is allowed), concentrations of chlorides and sulfates no more than 350 and 500 mg/dm 3 dm 3, respectively, the total hardness is not more than 7 mol/m 3 (up to 10 mol/m 3 is allowed in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service), the concentrations of chemical substances (except for those indicated in the table) should not exceed the maximum permissible concentration for household, drinking and cultural water. domestic water use, as well as radiation safety standards approved by the Ministry of Health.
If chemical substances belonging to hazard classes 1 and 2 with the same limiting hazard indicator are detected in the water of water supply sources, the sum of the ratios of the detected concentrations of each substance in the water to their MPC should not be more than 1. The calculation is carried out according to the formula
Where WITH 1 , WITH 2 , WITH 3 , . . . , WITH n - detected concentrations, mg/dm 3 .
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.2. Depending on the quality of the water and the required degree of treatment to bring it to the required levels GOST 2874Water bodies suitable as sources of domestic and drinking water supply are divided into 3 classes.
Water quality indicators of water supply sources are shown in the table.
| Indicator name | Source water quality indicators by class |
||
| Underground springs | |||
| Turbidity, mg/dm3, no more | 10,0 |
||
| Color, degrees, no more | |||
| Hydrogen value (pH) | |||
| Iron, (Fe ), mg/dm 3, no more | |||
| Manganese (M n ), mg/dm 3, no more | |||
| Hydrogen sulfide (H2S ), mg/dm 3, no more | Absence | ||
| Fluorine (F ), mg/dm 3, no more | 1,5-0,7* | 1,5-0,7* | |
| Number of coliform bacteria (coliforms), per 1 dm3, not more | 1000 |
||
| Surface sources | |||
| Turbidity, mg/dm3, no more | 1500 | 10000 |
|
| Color, degrees, no more | |||
| Odor at 20 and 60 °C, points, no more | |||
| Hydrogen value (pH) | 6,5-8,5 | 6,5-8,5 | 6,5-8,5 |
| Iron (Fe ), mg/dm 3, no more | |||
| Manganese (M n ), mg/dm 3, no more | |||
| Phytoplankton, mg/dm3, no more | |||
| cl/cm 3, no more | 1000 | 100000 | 100000 |
| Permanganate oxidability, mgO/dm 3, no more | |||
| BOD total, mgO 2 /dm 3, no more | |||
| Number of lactose-positive Escherichia coli in 1 dm3 of water (LCP), no more | 1000 | 10000 | 50000 |
*Depending on the climatic region.
Note . The number of unicellular organisms is estimated in inc/cm 3, filmy and filamentous - in mg/dm 3.
2.3. For each specific water source, the water purification scheme and the required reagents are established on the basis of technological research or experience in operating facilities under similar conditions in accordance with the application.
2.4. If the quality of the source water does not meet the requirements of the specified classes (brackish, salt water, water with a high fluorine content, etc.), it can be used in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service authorities in the presence of processing methods, the reliability of which has been confirmed by special technological and hygienic studies.
2.5. The capacity of the water supply system should not exceed the permissible water withdrawal from the water supply source (or the total from several sources) in all periods of the year, taking into account technological irretrievable losses of water.
2.6. The source of water supply and water intake structures of the water supply system must be protected from pollution by organizing a sanitary protection zone (SZZ) in accordance with the procedure for the design and operation of SZZ of water supply sources and water supply systems for domestic and drinking purposes, approved by the Ministry of Health.
3. SELECTION RULES AND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT
3.1. Sources of centralized household and drinking water supply, taking into account their sanitary reliability, are selected in the following order:
interstratal pressure waters;
interstratal free-flow water;
groundwater, artificially filled, and sub-channel groundwater;
surface waters (rivers, reservoirs, lakes, canals).
The possibility of using groundwater suitable for drinking water supply is also considered when its reserves are insufficient; The water demand deficit should be replenished using water sources that are less sanitarily reliable.
3.2. The choice of a source of water supply in the presence of several sources and an equal opportunity to provide the required quality and quantity of water should be carried out through a technical and economic comparison of options for water treatment schemes, taking into account the sanitary reliability of the sources.
3.3. From the available water supply sources, only those are selected for which it is possible to organize a sanitary protection zone and observe the appropriate regime within its zones.
3.4. The choice of water supply source is made based on the following data:
for an underground source of water supply - analyzes of water quality, hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer used, sanitary characteristics of the area in the area of water intake, existing and potential sources of contamination of soil and aquifers.
In this case, balance reserves of groundwater are taken into account, approved in the established manner in accordance with the classification of operational reserves and forecast resources of groundwater, approved by the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
near-surface source of water supply - analyzes of water quality, hydrological data, minimum and average water flow rates, compliance with their intended water intake, sanitary characteristics of the basin, industrial development, the presence and possibility of sources of domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution in the area of the proposed water intake.
The survey program for choosing a water supply source is given in the appendix.
* GOST R 51592-2000 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation.
3.6. The study of the water quality of underground water supply sources is carried out in accordance with the application, surface - in accordance with the application.
3.7. The class of the water source is determined by the organization developing the water supply project.
about the water supply facility and the sanitary characteristics of the water supply source planned for use;
quality of water from the water supply source and forecast of its condition for the estimated period;
activities to organize a sanitary protection zone and the planned treatment of the water supply source in order to bring the water quality to the requirements of GOST 2874.
3.9. The conclusion of the sanitary-epidemiological service on the possibility of using a water supply source is valid for 3 years.
ANNEX 1
CLASSES AND METHODS OF WATER TREATMENT
Underground sources of water supply
1st class - quality water meets the requirements of GOST 2874 in all respects;
2nd class - water quality has deviations in certain indicators from the requirements of GOST 2874, which can be eliminated by aeration, filtration, disinfection; or sources with inconsistent water quality, which manifests itself in seasonal fluctuations in dry residue within the limits of GOST 2874 standards, requiring preventive disinfection;
3rd class - bringing water quality to the requirements of GOST 2874 using processing methods provided for in 2nd class, using additional ones - filtration with preliminary settling, use of reagents, etc.
Surface water sources
1st class - to obtain water that complies with GOST 2874, disinfection, filtration with or without coagulation is required;
2nd class - to obtain water that complies with GOST 2874, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection are required; in the presence of phytoplankton - microfiltration;
3rd class - bringing water quality to the requirements of GOST 2874 using processing methods provided for in 2nd class, with the use of additional ones - an additional clarification stage, the use of oxidative and sorption methods, as well as more effective disinfection methods, etc.
APPENDIX2
1.1. General geological structure of the territory of the area where the water supply source is located and general characteristics of its hydrogeological conditions; type of selected aquifer (artesian - confined, ground - unconfined), depth (absolute elevation) of the roof of the aquifer, thickness, water-bearing rocks (sands, gravels, fractured, limestones, etc.); conditions of recharge and discharge of the aquifer; general information on the water abundance of the horizon (operational reserve); information on the existing and future use of the aquifer for water supply and other purposes.
1.2. General information about the hydrogeological conditions of the area (field), recharge conditions of the aquifers intended for use for water supply, topographic, soil and sanitary characteristics of the water intake area, characteristics of the aquifer planned for exploitation(lithological composition, thickness, nature of overlap, dynamic water level during calculated water withdrawal).
1.3. Data on the degree of permeability of layers, overlying layers, data on the possibility of influence of the recharge zone on water quality.
1.4. Sanitary characteristics of the area immediately adjacent to the water intake; location and distance from the water intake to possible sources of its pollution: abandoned wells, absorption craters, sinkholes, wells, abandoned mine workings, storage tanks, etc.
2.1.Hydrological data: area of the water intake recharge basin, surface flow regime, maximum, minimum and average flow rates, water speed and level at the water intake site, average periods of freeze-up and break-up, expected flow rate of water used and its compliance with the minimum flow rate at the source, data on the characteristics of tidal currents.
2.2. General sanitary characteristics of the pool in that part of it that can affect the quality of water at the water intake:
the nature of the geological structure of the basin, soil, vegetation, presence of forests, cultivated lands, settlements;
industrial enterprises (their number, size, location, nature of production);
reasons that influence or may influence the deterioration of water quality in a reservoir, methods and places for removing solid and liquid waste in the area where the source is located; the presence of domestic and industrial wastewater that pollutes the reservoir, the amount of wastewater discharged, facilities for its treatment and their location;
distance from the place of waste discharge to the water intake;
the presence of other possible causes of source pollution (shipping, timber rafting, watering, winter dumping on ice, swimming, water sports, reclamation work, the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture, etc.).
2.3.Characteristics of the self-purifying ability of the reservoir.
2.4. For reservoirs, in addition, the following must be indicated: surface area and volume of the reservoir, useful and “dead” volume, mode of nutrition and use, water discharge in the reservoir, layout of the reservoir, its maximum and minimum depth, the nature of the bottom, banks, bottom sediments, the presence of blooms, overgrowth, siltation, direction of prevailing winds and currents, speed of water movement in the reservoir.
3. General information
3.1. Data on the possibility of organizing a sanitary protection zone for a water supply source, approximate boundaries of the sanitary protection zone for its individual zones.
3.2. Data on the need to treat source water (disinfection, clarification, deferrization, etc.).
3.3. Sanitary characteristics of the proposed design of the water intake (water intake, well, well, catchment), the degree of protection of the source from the penetration of pollution from the outside, the compliance of the adopted locations, depth, type and design of the water intake with its purpose and the degree of ensuring that the best possible water is obtained under the given quality conditions.
3.4. Data on adjacent water intakes having the same supply area (their location, productivity, water quality).
APPENDIX3
Mandatory
| Name of water supply source________________________________________________ Sampling location___________ name of aquifer_____________ Date (day, hour) of sample collection__________ time of sample delivery to the laboratory_____ Date of analysis: start__________________ end________________ Address and name of the laboratory__________________________________________________________ Odor at 20 °C Smell at 60 °C qualitatively and in points GOST 3351 Color in degrees GOST 3351 Turbidity, mg/dm 3 GOST 3351 Hydrogen indicator (pH) is measured on a pH meter of any model with a glass electrode with a measurement error not exceeding 0.1 pH Beryllium (Be), mg/dm 3 GOST 18294 Boron (B), mg/dm 3 Iron (Fe ), mg/dm 3 GOST 4011 Copper (Cu), mg/dm 3 GOST 4388 Molybdenum (Mo), mg/dm 3 GOST 18308 Arsenic (As), mg/dm 3 GOST 4152 Nitrates (NO 3 - ), mg/dm 3 GOST 18826 Permanganate oxidability, mgO/dm 3 Lead (Pb), mg/dm 3 GOST 18293 Selenium (Se), mg/dm 3 GOST 19413 Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), mg/dm 3 Strontium (Sr), mg/dm 3 GOST 23950 Sulfates (SO 4 - ), mg/dm 3 GOST 4389 Fluorine (F), mg/dm 3 GOST 4386 Chlorides (С l ), mg/dm 3 GOST 4245 Zinc (Zn), mg/dm 3 GOST 18293 Industrial, agricultural and household pollution 1 3. Microbiological indicators of water: Number of saprophytic bacteria in 1 cm 3 GOST 18963 The number of coliform bacteria (coliforms) in 1 dm3 The analysis was carried out: Conclusion (main)______________________________________________________________ Date_______________ month________________ year__________________ Ch. SES doctor or head Department of Municipal Hygiene_________________________________ 4. Additional research for sources belonging to classes 2 and 3 by the number of coliforms Causative agents of intestinal infections (salmonella, shigella, enteroviruses) in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 2 2 MU 2285-81 “Guidelines for sanitary and microbiological analysis of water from surface reservoirs”, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1). Number of E. coli in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 Number of coliphages in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 Number of enterococci in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 Ammonium salt ( N N 3), mg/dm 3 GOST 4192 Nitrates (NO 2 - ), mg/dm 3 GOST 4192 The analysis was carried out by:__________________________________________________________ Conclusion on additional studies_________________________________ General conclusion_______________________________________________________________ Date______________________ month___________________________ year____________________ Ch. SES doctor or head department of municipal hygiene |
APPENDIX4
Mandatory
| Name of water supply source_______________________________________________ Place of sampling ______________________________________________________________ Who took the sample (name, position, organization)___________________________ Date (day, hour) of sample collection_______________ time of sample delivery to the laboratory __________________________________________________________________________ Date of analysis: start__________________ end _______________ Address and name of the laboratory _________________________________________________ 1. Organoleptic indicators of water quality: Temperature at the time of sampling, °C Smell at 20 °C qualitatively and in pointsGOST 3351 Halls at 60 °C qualitatively and in pointsGOST 3351 Taste at 20 °C qualitatively and in points GOST 3351 Color in degreesGOST 3351 Turbidity, mg/dm 3 GOST 3351 2. Indicators of the chemical composition of water: Hydrogen indicator (pH)Measured using a pH meter of any modelwith glass electrode with measurement error not exceeding 0.1 pH Suspended substances, mg/dm 3 Iron (Fe ), mg/dm 3 GOST 4011 Manganese (M n), mg/dm 3 GOST 4974 Total hardness, mol/dm 3 GOST 4151 Sulfates (SO 4 - ), mg/dm 3 GOST 4389 Dry residue, mg/dm 3 GOST 18164 Free carbon dioxide (CO 2), mg/dm 3 Fluorine (F), mg/dm 3 GOST 4386 Chlorides (С l ), mg/dm 3 GOST 4245 Alkalinity, mol/dm 3 Industrial, agricultural and household pollution 1 1 The list of indicators of industrial, agricultural and household pollution is established in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service, depending on local sanitary conditions; This refers to both chemical and radioactive contamination. 3. Sanitary indicators of water quality: Surfactants (surfactants) |
2.4 Rules for selecting water supply sources and quality control
GOST 2761-84
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SOURCES OF CENTRALIZED
HOUSEHOLD DRINKING
WATER SUPPLY
HYGIENIC, TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
AND SELECTION RULES
Date of introduction 01.01.86
This standard applies to sources of centralized water supply, including sources with brackish and salt water, for newly designed and reconstructed domestic drinking water supply systems and water supply systems that supply water simultaneously for domestic drinking and industrial purposes, and establishes hygienic and technical requirements to water supply sources and rules for their selection in the interests of public health.
1. BASIC PROVISIONS
2.4. If the quality of the source water does not meet the requirements of the specified classes (brackish, salt water, water with a high fluorine content, etc.), it can be used in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service authorities if there are processing methods, the reliability of which has been confirmed by special technological and hygienic studies .
2.5. The capacity of the water supply system should not exceed the permissible water withdrawal from the water supply source (or the total from several sources) in all periods of the year, taking into account technological irretrievable water losses.
2.6. The source of water supply and water intake structures of the water supply system must be protected from pollution by organizing a sanitary protection zone (SZZ) in accordance with the procedure for the design and operation of SZZ of water supply sources and drinking water supply pipelines, approved by the Ministry of Health.
3. SELECTION RULES AND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT
3.1. Sources of centralized household and drinking water supply, taking into account their sanitary reliability, are selected in the following order:
interlayer pressure waters;
interstratal free-flow waters;
artificially injected groundwater and sub-channel groundwater;
surface waters (rivers, reservoirs, lakes, canals).
The possibility of using groundwater suitable for drinking water supply is also considered when its reserves are insufficient; The water demand deficit should be replenished using water sources that are less sanitarily reliable.
3.2. The choice of a source of water supply in the presence of several sources and an equal opportunity to provide the required quality and quantity of water should be carried out through a technical and economic comparison of options for water treatment schemes, taking into account the sanitary reliability of the sources.
3.3. From the available water supply sources, only those are selected for which it is possible to organize a sanitary protection zone and observe the appropriate regime within its zones.
3.4. The choice of water supply source is made based on the following data:
for an underground source of water supply - analyzes of water quality, hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer used, sanitary characteristics of the area in the area of water intake, existing and potential sources of soil and aquifer contamination.
In this case, balance reserves of groundwater are taken into account, approved in accordance with the established procedure in accordance with the classification of operational reserves and forecast resources of groundwater, approved by the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
for a surface source of water supply - analyzes of water quality, hydrological data, minimum and average water flow rates, compliance with their intended water intake, sanitary characteristics of the basin, industrial development, the presence and possibility of sources of domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution in the area of the proposed water intake.
The survey program for choosing a water supply source is given in the appendix.
3.6. The study of water quality of underground water supply sources is carried out in accordance with the application, surface - in accordance with the application.
3.7. The class of the water source is determined by the organization developing the water supply project.
about the water supply facility and the sanitary characteristics of the water supply source planned for use;
about the water quality of the water supply source and the forecast of its condition for the estimated period;
on measures to organize a sanitary protection zone and the planned treatment of water from the water supply source in order to bring the water quality to the requirements of GOST 2874.
3.9. The conclusion of the sanitary-epidemiological service on the possibility of using a water supply source is valid for 3 years.
ANNEX 1
Recommended
Underground water sources
1st class - water quality in all respects meets the requirements of GOST 2874;
2nd class - water quality has deviations in certain indicators from the requirements of GOST 2874, which can be eliminated by aeration, filtration, disinfection; or sources with inconsistent water quality, which manifests itself in seasonal fluctuations in dry residue within the limits of GOST 2874 standards, requiring preventive disinfection;
GOST 2874 by processing methods provided for in class 2, with the use of additional ones - filtration with preliminary settling, the use of reagents, etc.
Surface water sources
1st class - to obtain water that complies with GOST 2874, disinfection, filtration with or without coagulation is required;
2nd class - to obtain water that complies with GOST 2874, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection are required; in the presence of phytoplankton - microfiltration;
3rd class - bringing water quality to the requirements of GOST 2874 using treatment methods provided for in 2nd class, with the use of additional ones - an additional clarification stage, the use of oxidative and sorption methods, as well as more effective disinfection methods, etc.
APPENDIX 2
Recommended
1.1. General geological structure of the territory of the area where the water supply source is located and general characteristics of its hydrogeological conditions; type of selected aquifer (artesian - confined, ground - unconfined), depth (absolute elevation) of the roof of the aquifer, thickness, water-bearing rocks (sands, gravels, fractured, limestones, etc.); conditions and places of recharge and discharge of the aquifer; general information about the water abundance of the horizon (operational reserve); information on the current and future use of the aquifer for water supply and other purposes.
1.2. General information about the hydrogeological conditions of the area (field), recharge conditions of the aquifers proposed for use for water supply, topographic, soil and sanitary characteristics of the water intake area, characteristics of the aquifer planned for exploitation(lithological composition, thickness, nature of overlap, dynamic water level during calculated water withdrawal).
1.3. Data on the degree of permeability of layers overlying layers, data on the possibility of influence of the recharge zone on water quality.
1.4. Sanitary characteristics of the area directly adjacent to the water intake; location and distance from the water intake to possible sources of its pollution: abandoned wells, absorption craters, sinkholes, wells, abandoned mine workings, storage tanks, etc.
2.1. Hydrological data: area of the water intake recharge basin, surface flow regime, maximum, minimum and average flow rates, speed and water level at the water intake site, average periods of freeze-up and break-up, estimated flow rate of water used and its compliance with the minimum flow rate at the source, data on the characteristics of the tidal tidal currents.
2.2. General sanitary characteristics of the pool in that part of it that can affect the quality of water at the water intake:
the nature of the geological structure of the basin, soil, vegetation, presence of forests, cultivated lands, settlements;
industrial enterprises (their number, size, location, nature of production);
reasons that influence or may influence the deterioration of water quality in a reservoir, methods and places for removing solid and liquid waste in the area where the source is located; the presence of domestic and industrial wastewater that pollutes the reservoir, the amount of wastewater discharged, facilities for its treatment and their location;
distance from the place of waste discharge to the water intake;
the presence of other possible causes of source pollution (shipping, timber rafting, watering, winter dumps on ice, swimming, water sports, reclamation work, the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture, etc.).
2.3. Characteristics of the self-cleaning ability of a reservoir.
2.4. For reservoirs, in addition, the following must be indicated: surface area and volume of the reservoir, useful and “dead” volume, feeding and use mode, water discharge in the reservoir, layout of the reservoir, its maximum and minimum depth, nature of the bottom, banks, bottom sediments, the presence of blooms, overgrowth, siltation, the direction of prevailing winds and currents, the speed of water movement in the reservoir.
3.1. Data on the possibility of organizing a sanitary protection zone for a water supply source, approximate boundaries of the sanitary protection zone for its individual zones.
3.2. Data on the need to treat source water (disinfection, clarification, deferrization, etc.).
3.3. Sanitary characteristics of the proposed design of the water intake (water intake, well, well, catchment), the degree of protection of the source from the penetration of pollution from the outside, the compliance of the adopted locations, depth, type and design of the water intake with its purpose and the degree of ensuring the best possible quality of water under the given conditions.
3.4. Data on adjacent water intakes having the same supply area (their location, productivity, water quality).
APPENDIX 3
Mandatory
| Name of water supply source________________________________________________ Sampling location___________ name of aquifer_____________ Date (day, hour) of sample collection__________ time of sample delivery to the laboratory_____ Date of analysis: start__________________ end________________ Address and name of the laboratory__________________________________________________________ Odor at 20 °C qualitatively and in GOST 3351 points Odor at 60 °C qualitatively and in GOST 3351 points GOST 3351 Color in degrees GOST 3351 Hydrogen index (pH) Measured on a pH meter of any model with a glass electrode with a measurement error not exceeding 0.1 pH Boron (B), mg/dm 3 Molybdenum (Mo), mg/dm 3 GOST 18308 Nitrates mg/dm 3 GOST 18826 Total hardness, mol/dm 3 GOST 4151 1 Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), mg/dm 3 Sulfates mg/dm 3 GOST 4389 Dry residue, mg/dm 3 GOST 18164 Industrial, agricultural and household pollution 2 _______ 1 GOST R 52407-2005 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation (hereinafter). 3. Microbiological indicators of water: Number of saprophytic bacteria in 1 cm 3 GOST 18963 The number of coliform bacteria (coliforms) in 1 dm3 The analysis was carried out: Conclusion (main)______________________________________________________________ Date_______________ month________________ year__________________ Ch. SES doctor or head Department of Municipal Hygiene_________________________________ 4. Additional research for sources related to the number of coliforms in classes 2 and 3: Causative agents of intestinal infections (salmonella, shigella, enteroviruses) in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 3 _______ 3 MU 2285-81 “Guidelines for sanitary and microbiological analysis of water from surface reservoirs”, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1). Number of E. coli in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 Number of coliphages in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 Number of enterococci in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 Ammonium salt (NN 3), mg/dm 3 GOST 4192 Nitrates mg/dm 3 GOST 4192 The analysis was carried out by:__________________________________________________________ Conclusion on additional studies_________________________________ General conclusion_______________________________________________________________ Date______________________ month___________________________ year____________________ Ch. SES doctor or head department of municipal hygiene |
APPENDIX 4
Mandatory
| Name of water supply source_______________________________________________ Place of sampling ______________________________________________________________ Who took the sample (name, position, organization)___________________________ Date (day, hour) of sample collection_______________ time of sample delivery to the laboratory __________________________________________________________________________ Date of analysis: start__________________ end _______________ Address and name of the laboratory _________________________________________________ 1. Organoleptic indicators of water quality: Temperature at the time of sampling, °C Odor at 20 °C qualitatively and in GOST 3351 points Halls at 60 °C qualitatively and in GOST 3351 points Taste at 20 °C qualitatively and in GOST 3351 points Color in degrees GOST 3351 2. Indicators of the chemical composition of water: Hydrogen index (pH) Measured on a pH meter of any model with a glass electrode with a measurement error not exceeding 0.1 pH Suspended substances, mg/dm 3 Total hardness, mol/dm 3 GOST 4151 Sulfates mg/dm 3 GOST 4389 Dry residue, mg/dm 3 GOST 18164 Free carbon dioxide (CO 2), mg/dm 3 Alkalinity, mol/dm 3 Industrial, agricultural and household pollution 1 _____ 1 The list of indicators of industrial, agricultural and household pollution is established in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service, depending on local sanitary conditions; This refers to both chemical and radioactive contamination. 3. Sanitary indicators of water quality: Surfactants (surfactants), anionic(total), mg/dm 3 Biochemical oxygen consumption (total BOD), mgO 2 /dm 3 Permanganate oxidability, mgO/dm 3 Ammonium salt (NH 3 ), mg/dm 3 GOST 4192 Nitrites mg/dm 3 |
State standard USSR GOST 2761-84
"Sources of centralized domestic and drinking water supply. Hygienic, technical requirements and selection rules"
(approved by Decree of the USSR State Standard of November 27, 1984 N 4013)
Sources of centralized economic-drinking water supply. Sanitary and technical requirements and rules of selection
Instead of GOST 17.1.3.03-77
This standard applies to sources of centralized water supply, including sources with brackish and salt water, for newly designed and reconstructed domestic drinking water supply systems and water supply systems that supply water simultaneously for domestic drinking and industrial purposes, and establishes hygienic and technical requirements to water supply sources and rules for their selection in the interests of public health.
1. Basic provisions
1.1. The choice of a water supply source should be made taking into account its sanitary reliability and the possibility of obtaining drinking water that complies with GOST 2874-82.
1.2. The suitability of a source for domestic and drinking water supply is established on the basis of:
sanitary assessment of the conditions of formation and occurrence of water from an underground water supply source;
sanitary assessment of the surface water supply source, as well as the adjacent territory upstream and downstream of the water intake;
assessing the quality and quantity of water from the water supply source;
sanitary assessment of the location of water intake structures;
forecasting the sanitary condition of sources.
1.3. The collection of data and the study of sanitary, hydrological, hydrogeological and topographic conditions for choosing a source of water supply, as well as developing a forecast of the sanitary condition of the reservoir, are organized by the design institution.
1.4. Determination of the location for water sampling, sampling and analysis are carried out by sanitary and epidemiological service institutions; Sampling and analysis may also be carried out by other organizations granted the right by the sanitary-epidemiological service.
1.5. A conclusion on the compliance of a source with the requirements of the standard is given by the bodies and institutions of the sanitary and epidemiological service of the Ministry of Health or the medical services of other departments that are entrusted with these responsibilities.
2. Hygienic and technical requirements
2.1. The composition of water from freshwater underground and surface water supply sources must meet the following requirements: dry residue no more than 1000 (up to 1500 is allowed in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service), concentrations of chlorides and sulfates no more than 350 and 500, respectively, total hardness no more than 7 (according to in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service authorities, up to 10 is allowed), concentrations of chemical substances (except for those indicated in the table) should not exceed the maximum permissible concentration for water for domestic, drinking and cultural water use, as well as radiation safety standards approved by the Ministry of Health.
If chemical substances belonging to the 1st and 2nd hazard classes with the same limiting hazard indicator are detected in the water of water supply sources, the sum of the ratios of the detected concentrations of each of the substances in the water to their MPC should not be more than 1. The calculation is carried out according to the formula
where , , ,.., are the detected concentrations, .
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.2. Depending on the quality of water and the required degree of treatment to bring it to the indicators of GOST 2874-82, water bodies suitable as sources of domestic and drinking water supply are divided into 3 classes.
Water quality indicators of water supply sources are shown in the table.
| Indicator name | Source water quality indicators by class |
||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| Underground springs Turbidity, mg/dm3, no more |
|||
| Color, degrees, no more | 20 | 20 | 50 |
| Hydrogen value (pH) | 6 - 9 | 6 - 9 | 6 - 9 |
| 0,3 | 10 | 20 | |
| 0,1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), mg/dm3, not more |
Absence | 3 | 10 |
| Fluorine (F) mg/dm3, no more | 1,5 - 0,7 | 1,5 - 0,7 | 5 |
| Oxidability permanganate mgO/dm3, no more |
2 | 5 | 15 |
| Number of coliform bacteria sticks (coliforms), 1 dm3, no more |
3 | 100 | 1000 |
| Surface sources Turbidity, mg/dm3, no more |
|||
| Color, degrees, no more | 35 | 120 | 200 |
| Odor at 20 and 60°C, points, not more |
2 | 3 | 4 |
| Hydrogen index (PH) | 6,5 - 8,5 | 6,5 - 8,5 | 6,5 - 8,5 |
| Iron (Fe), mg/dm3, no more | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| Manganese (Mn), mg/dm3, no more | 0,1 | 1,0 | 2,0 |
| Phytoplankton, mg/dm3, no more, cells/cm3, no more |
1 | 5 100000 |
50 100000 |
| Oxidability permanganate mgO/dm3, no more |
7 | 15 | 20 |
| BOD_total, mgO2/dm3, no more | 3 | 5 | 7 |
| Number of lactose positive coli in 1 dm3 of water (LCP), no more |
1000 | 10000 | 50000 |
| *Depending on the climatic region. Note. The number of single-celled organisms is estimated at |
|||
2.3. For each specific water source, the water purification scheme and the required reagents are established on the basis of technological research or experience of operating structures under similar conditions in accordance with Appendix 1.
2.4. If the quality of the source water does not meet the requirements of the specified classes (brackish, salt water, water with a high fluorine content, etc.), it can be used in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service authorities if there are processing methods, the reliability of which has been confirmed by special technological and hygienic studies .
2.5. The capacity of the water supply system should not exceed the permissible water withdrawal from the water supply source (or the total from several sources) in all periods of the year, taking into account technological irretrievable water losses.
2.6. The source of water supply and water intake structures of the water supply system must be protected from pollution by organizing a sanitary protection zone (SZZ) in accordance with the procedure for the design and operation of SZZ of water supply sources and water supply pipelines for household and drinking purposes, approved by the Ministry of Health.
3. Selection rules and suitability assessment
3.1. Sources of centralized household and drinking water supply, taking into account their sanitary reliability, are selected in the following order:
interlayer pressure waters;
interstratal free-flow waters;
artificially injected groundwater and sub-channel groundwater;
surface waters (rivers, reservoirs, lakes, canals).
The possibility of using groundwater suitable for drinking water supply is also considered when its reserves are insufficient; The water demand deficit should be replenished using water sources that are less sanitarily reliable.
3.2. The choice of a source of water supply in the presence of several sources with an equal opportunity to provide the required quality and quantity of water should be carried out through a technical and economic comparison of options for water treatment schemes, taking into account the sanitary reliability of the sources.
3.3. From the available water supply sources, only those are selected for which it is possible to organize a sanitary protection zone and observe the appropriate regime within its zones.
3.4. The choice of water supply source is made based on the following data:
for an underground source of water supply - analyzes of water quality, hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer used, sanitary characteristics of the area in the area of water intake, existing and potential sources of soil and aquifer contamination.
In this case, balance reserves of groundwater are taken into account, approved in accordance with the established procedure in accordance with the classification of operational reserves and forecast resources of groundwater, approved by the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
for a surface source of water supply - analyzes of water quality, hydrological data, minimum and average water flow rates, compliance with their intended water intake, sanitary characteristics of the basin, industrial development, the presence and possibility of sources of domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution in the area of the proposed water intake.
The survey program for choosing a water supply source is given in Appendix 2.
3.5. To assess water quality at the site of the proposed water intake, analyzes of samples taken monthly for at least the last 3 years must be submitted. Sampling methods - according to GOST 4979-49, GOST 18963-73.
3.7. The class of the water source is determined by the organization developing the water supply project.
3.8. The conclusion on the suitability of the water supply source must contain the following data:
about the water supply facility and the sanitary characteristics of the water supply source planned for use;
about the water quality of the water supply source and the forecast of its condition for the estimated period;
on measures to organize a sanitary protection zone and the planned treatment of water from a water supply source in order to bring the water quality to the requirements of GOST 2874-82.
3.9. The conclusion of the sanitary-epidemiological service on the possibility of using a water supply source is valid for 3 years.
Open the current version of the document right now or get full access to the GARANT system for 3 days for free!
If you are a user of the Internet version of the GARANT system, you can open this document right now or request by Hotline in system.
page 1
page 2
page 3
page 4
page 5
page 6
page 7
page 8
page 9
page 10
page 11
page 12
2.4 Rules for selecting water supply sources and quality control
INTERSTATE STANDARD
SOURCES OF CENTRALIZED
HOUSEHOLD DRINKING
WATER SUPPLY
HYGIENIC, TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
AND SELECTION RULES
Date of introduction 01/01/86
This standard applies to sources of centralized water supply, including sources with brackish and salt water, for newly designed and reconstructed domestic drinking water supply systems and water supply systems that supply water simultaneously for domestic drinking and industrial purposes, and establishes hygienic and technical requirements to water supply sources and rules for their selection in the interests of public health.
1. BASIC PROVISIONS
1.1. The choice of a water supply source should be made taking into account its sanitary reliability and the possibility of obtaining drinking water that complies with GOST 2874 *.
GOST R 51232-98 (hereinafter).
1.2. The suitability of a source for domestic and drinking water supply is established on the basis of:
sanitary assessment of the conditions of formation and occurrence of water from an underground water supply source;
sanitary assessment of the surface water supply source, as well as the adjacent territory upstream and downstream of the water intake;
assessing the quality and quantity of water from the water supply source;
sanitary assessment of the location of water intake structures;
forecasting the sanitary condition of sources.
1.3. The collection of data and the study of sanitary, hydrological, hydrogeological and topographic conditions for choosing a source of water supply, as well as developing a forecast of the sanitary condition of the reservoir, are organized by the design institution.
1.4. Determination of the location for water sampling, sampling and analysis are carried out by sanitary and epidemiological service institutions; Sampling and analysis may also be carried out by other organizations to which the sanitary-epidemiological service grants such a right.
1.5. A conclusion on the compliance of a source with the requirements of the standard is given by the bodies and institutions of the sanitary and epidemiological service of the Ministry of Health or the medical services of other departments that are entrusted with these responsibilities.
2. HYGIENIC AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. The composition of water from freshwater underground and surface water supply sources must meet the following requirements: dry residue no more than 1000 mg/dm 3 (by agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service authorities, up to 1500 mg/dm 3 is allowed), concentrations of chlorides and sulfates no more than 350 and 500 mg /dm 3 accordingly, the total hardness is no more than 7 mol/m 3 (up to 10 mol/m 3 is allowed in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service authorities), concentrations of chemical substances (except those indicated in the table) should not exceed the maximum permissible concentration for drinking water and cultural and domestic water use, as well as radiation safety standards approved by the Ministry of Health.
If chemical substances belonging to the 1st and 2nd hazard classes with the same limiting hazard indicator are detected in the water of water supply sources, the sum of the ratios of the detected concentrations of each substance in the water to their MPC should not be more than 1. The calculation is carried out according to the formula
Where WITH 1 , WITH 2 , WITH 3 ,…, WITH n - detected concentrations, mg/dm3.
2.2. Depending on the quality of water and the required degree of treatment to bring it to the indicators of GOST 2874, water bodies suitable as sources of domestic and drinking water supply are divided into 3 classes.
Water quality indicators of water supply sources are shown in the table.
|
Indicator name |
Source water quality indicators by class |
||
|
Underground springs |
|||
|
Turbidity, mg/dm3, no more |
|||
|
Color, degrees, no more |
|||
|
Hydrogen value (pH) |
|||
|
Iron, (Fe), mg/dm 3, no more |
|||
|
Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), mg/dm 3, no more |
Absence |
||
|
Fluorine (F), mg/dm3, no more |
|||
|
Number of coliform bacteria (coliforms), per 1 dm3, not more |
|||
|
Surface sources |
|||
|
Turbidity, mg/dm3, no more |
|||
|
Color, degrees, no more |
|||
|
Odor at 20 and 60 °C, points, no more |
|||
|
Hydrogen value (pH) |
|||
|
Iron (Fe), mg/dm 3, no more |
|||
|
Manganese (Mn), mg/dm 3, no more |
|||
|
Phytoplankton, mg/dm3, no more |
|||
|
cl/cm 3, no more |
|||
|
Permanganate oxidability, mgO/dm 3, no more |
|||
|
BOD total, mgO 2 /dm 3, no more |
|||
|
Number of lactose-positive Escherichia coli in 1 dm3 of water (LCP), no more |
|||
*Depending on the climatic region.
Note. The number of unicellular organisms is estimated in cells/cm 3 , filmy and filamentous - in mg/dm 3 .
2.3. For each specific water source, the water purification scheme and the required reagents are established on the basis of technological research or experience of operating structures under similar conditions in accordance with Appendix 1.
2.4. If the quality of the source water does not meet the requirements of the specified classes (brackish, salt water, water with a high fluorine content, etc.), it can be used in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service authorities if there are processing methods, the reliability of which has been confirmed by special technological and hygienic studies .
2.5. The capacity of the water supply system should not exceed the permissible water withdrawal from the water supply source (or the total from several sources) in all periods of the year, taking into account technological irretrievable water losses.
2.6. The source of water supply and water intake structures of the water supply system must be protected from pollution by organizing a sanitary protection zone (SZZ) in accordance with the procedure for the design and operation of SZZ of water supply sources and drinking water supply pipelines, approved by the Ministry of Health.
3. SELECTION RULES AND SUITABILITY ASSESSMENT
3.1. Sources of centralized household and drinking water supply, taking into account their sanitary reliability, are selected in the following order:
interlayer pressure waters;
interstratal free-flow waters;
artificially injected groundwater and sub-channel groundwater;
surface waters (rivers, reservoirs, lakes, canals).
The possibility of using groundwater suitable for drinking water supply is also considered when its reserves are insufficient; The water demand deficit should be replenished using water sources that are less sanitarily reliable.
3.2. The choice of a source of water supply in the presence of several sources and an equal opportunity to provide the required quality and quantity of water should be carried out through a technical and economic comparison of options for water treatment schemes, taking into account the sanitary reliability of the sources.
3.3. From the available water supply sources, only those are selected for which it is possible to organize a sanitary protection zone and observe the appropriate regime within its zones.
3.4. The choice of water supply source is made based on the following data:
for an underground source of water supply - analyzes of water quality, hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer used, sanitary characteristics of the area in the area of water intake, existing and potential sources of soil and aquifer contamination.
In this case, balance reserves of groundwater are taken into account, approved in accordance with the established procedure in accordance with the classification of operational reserves and forecast resources of groundwater, approved by the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
for a surface source of water supply - analyzes of water quality, hydrological data, minimum and average water flow rates, compliance with their intended water intake, sanitary characteristics of the basin, industrial development, the presence and possibility of sources of domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution in the area of the proposed water intake.
The survey program for choosing a water supply source is given in Appendix 2.
3.5. To assess water quality at the site of the proposed water intake, analyzes of samples taken monthly for at least the last 3 years must be submitted. Sampling methods - according to GOST 4979 *, GOST 18963.
* GOST R 51592-2000 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation.
3.6. The study of water quality of underground water supply sources is carried out in accordance with Appendix 3, surface - in accordance with Appendix 4.
3.7. The class of the water source is determined by the organization developing the water supply project.
3.8. The conclusion on the suitability of the water supply source must contain the following data:
about the water supply facility and the sanitary characteristics of the water supply source planned for use;
about the water quality of the water supply source and the forecast of its condition for the estimated period;
on measures to organize a sanitary protection zone and the planned treatment of water from the water supply source in order to bring the water quality to the requirements of GOST 2874.
3.9. The conclusion of the sanitary-epidemiological service on the possibility of using a water supply source is valid for 3 years.
CLASSES AND METHODS OF WATER TREATMENT
Underground water sources
1st class - water quality in all respects meets the requirements of GOST 2874;
2nd class - water quality has deviations in certain indicators from the requirements of GOST 2874, which can be eliminated by aeration, filtration, disinfection; or sources with inconsistent water quality, which manifests itself in seasonal fluctuations in dry residue within the limits of GOST 2874 standards, requiring preventive disinfection;
GOST 2874 by processing methods provided for in class 2, with the use of additional ones - filtration with preliminary settling, the use of reagents, etc.
Surface water sources
1st class - to obtain water that complies with GOST 2874, disinfection, filtration with or without coagulation is required;
2nd class - to obtain water that complies with GOST 2874, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection are required; in the presence of phytoplankton - microfiltration;
3rd class - bringing water quality to the requirements of GOST 2874 using treatment methods provided for in 2nd class, with the use of additional ones - an additional clarification stage, the use of oxidative and sorption methods, as well as more effective disinfection methods, etc.
WATER SUPPLY SOURCES STUDY PROGRAM
1. Underground springs
1.1. General geological structure of the territory of the area where the water supply source is located and general characteristics of its hydrogeological conditions; type of selected aquifer (artesian - confined, ground - unconfined), depth (absolute elevation) of the roof of the aquifer, thickness, water-bearing rocks (sands, gravels, fractured, limestones, etc.); conditions and places of recharge and discharge of the aquifer; general information about the water abundance of the horizon (operational reserve); information on the current and future use of the aquifer for water supply and other purposes.
1.2. General information about the hydrogeological conditions of the area (field), recharge conditions of the aquifers proposed for use for water supply, topographic, soil and sanitary characteristics of the water intake area, characteristics of the aquifer planned for exploitation (lithological composition, thickness, nature of overlap, dynamic water level at calculated water withdrawal).
1.3. Data on the degree of permeability of layers overlying layers, data on the possibility of influence of the recharge zone on water quality.
1.4. Sanitary characteristics of the area directly adjacent to the water intake; location and distance from the water intake to possible sources of its pollution: abandoned wells, absorption craters, sinkholes, wells, abandoned mine workings, storage tanks, etc.
2. Surface sources
2.1. Hydrological data: area of the water intake recharge basin, surface flow regime, maximum, minimum and average flow rates, speed and water level at the water intake site, average periods of freeze-up and break-up, estimated flow rate of water used and its compliance with the minimum flow rate at the source, data on the characteristics of the tidal tidal currents.
2.2. General sanitary characteristics of the pool in that part of it that can affect the quality of water at the water intake:
the nature of the geological structure of the basin, soil, vegetation, presence of forests, cultivated lands, settlements;
industrial enterprises (their number, size, location, nature of production);
reasons that influence or may influence the deterioration of water quality in a reservoir, methods and places for removing solid and liquid waste in the area where the source is located; the presence of domestic and industrial wastewater that pollutes the reservoir, the amount of wastewater discharged, facilities for its treatment and their location;
distance from the place of waste discharge to the water intake;
the presence of other possible causes of source pollution (shipping, timber rafting, watering, winter dumps on ice, swimming, water sports, reclamation work, the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture, etc.).
2.3. Characteristics of the self-cleaning ability of a reservoir.
2.4. For reservoirs, in addition, the following must be indicated: surface area and volume of the reservoir, useful and “dead” volume, feeding and use mode, water discharge in the reservoir, layout of the reservoir, its maximum and minimum depth, nature of the bottom, banks, bottom sediments, the presence of blooms, overgrowth, siltation, the direction of prevailing winds and currents, the speed of water movement in the reservoir.
3. General information
3.1. Data on the possibility of organizing a sanitary protection zone for a water supply source, approximate boundaries of the sanitary protection zone for its individual zones.
3.2. Data on the need to treat source water (disinfection, clarification, deferrization, etc.).
3.3. Sanitary characteristics of the proposed design of the water intake (water intake, well, well, catchment), the degree of protection of the source from the penetration of pollution from the outside, the compliance of the adopted locations, depth, type and design of the water intake with its purpose and the degree of ensuring the best possible quality of water under the given conditions.
3.4. Data on adjacent water intakes having the same supply area (their location, productivity, water quality).
APPENDIX 3
Mandatory
PROTOCOL FOR STUDYING THE WATER QUALITY OF UNDERGROUND WATER SUPPLY SOURCESName of water supply source________________________________________________ Sampling location___________ name of aquifer_____________ Date (day, hour) of sample collection__________ time of sample delivery to the laboratory_____ Date of analysis: start__________________ end________________ Address and name of the laboratory__________________________________________________________ 1. Organoleptic indicators of water quality: Odor at 20 °C qualitatively and in GOST 3351 points Odor at 60 °C qualitatively and in GOST 3351 points GOST 3351 Hydrogen index (pH) Measured on a pH meter of any model with a glass electrode with a measurement error not exceeding 0.1 pH Boron (B), mg/dm 3 Permanganate oxidability, mgO/dm 3 Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), mg/dm 3 Free carbon dioxide (CO 2), mg/dm 3 Industrial, agricultural and household pollution 2 1 GOST R 52407-2005 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation (hereinafter). 2 The list of indicators of industrial, agricultural and household pollution is established in agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological service, depending on local sanitary conditions; This refers to both chemical and radioactive contamination. 3. Microbiological indicators of water: Number of saprophytic bacteria in 1 cm 3 GOST 18963 The number of coliform bacteria (coliforms) in 1 dm3 The analysis was carried out: Conclusion (main)______________________________________________________________ Date_______________ month________________ year__________________ Ch. SES doctor or head Department of Municipal Hygiene_________________________________ 4. Additional research for sources related to the number of coliforms in classes 2 and 3: Causative agents of intestinal infections (salmonella, Shigella, enteroviruses) in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 3 3 MU 2285-81 “Guidelines for sanitary and microbiological analysis of water from surface reservoirs”, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1). Number of E. coli in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 Number of coliphages in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 Number of enterococci in 1 dm 3 MU 2285 Ammonium salt (NН 3), mg/dm 3 GOST 4192 The analysis was carried out by:__________________________________________________________ Conclusion on additional studies_________________________________ General conclusion_______________________________________________________________ Date______________________ month___________________________ year____________________ Ch. SES doctor or head department of municipal hygiene |
APPENDIX 4
Mandatory
WATER QUALITY STUDY PROTOCOL
|